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A paper coauthored by Tomlin won the 1992 Sugden Award of The Combustion Institute. Tomlin was elected to the inaugural 2018 class of Fellows of The Combustion Institute, "for innovative research on the development and application of mechanism reduction, sensitivity analysis and uncertainty quantification in combustion... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Alkyl or aryl acyl chlorides react with sodium azide in aqueous solution to give acyl azides, which give isocyanates in the Curtius rearrangement. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
On March 28, 2013, a team of bioengineers from Stanford University led by Drew Endy announced that they had created the biological equivalent of a transistor, which they named a "transcriptor". That is, they created a three-terminal device with a logic system that can control other components. The transcriptor regula... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Double-stranded RNA viruses (dsRNA viruses) are a polyphyletic group of viruses that have double-stranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid. The double-stranded genome is used as a template by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) to transcribe a positive-strand RNA functioning as messenger RNA (mRNA) for the h... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The standard Isa Process cathodes have slightly higher electrical resistance than solid-copper hanger bar systems used by the Kidd Process, meaning that there is a higher power cost. However, this cost is offset by greater reliability and predictability in the increase in resistance over time, allowing for maintenance ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The ocean naturally sequesters carbon through different processes. The solubility pump moves carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into the surface ocean where it reacts with water molecules to form carbonic acid. The solubility of carbon dioxide increases with decreasing water temperatures. Thermohaline circulation moves... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Trimethylsilyl azide is incompatible with moisture, strong oxidizing agents, and strong acids. Azides are often explosive, as illustrated by their use in air bags. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Thyroid function tests (TFTs) is a collective term for blood tests used to check the function of the thyroid.
TFTs may be requested if a patient is thought to suffer from hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) or hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), or to monitor the effectiveness of either thyroid-suppression or hormon... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Hydrolysis of GTP bound to an (active) G domain-GTPase leads to deactivation of the signaling/timer function of the enzyme. The hydrolysis of the third (γ) phosphate of GTP to create guanosine diphosphate (GDP) and P, inorganic phosphate, occurs by the S2 mechanism (see nucleophilic substitution) via a pentacoordinate ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Work hardening is a consequence of plastic deformation, a permanent change in shape. This is distinct from elastic deformation, which is reversible. Most materials do not exhibit only one or the other, but rather a combination of the two. The following discussion mostly applies to metals, especially steels, which are w... | 8 | Metallurgy |
In chemistry, racemization is a conversion, by heat or by chemical reaction, of an optically active compound into a racemic (optically inactive) form. This creates a 1:1 molar ratio of enantiomers and is referred to as a racemic mixture (i.e. contain equal amount of (+) and (−) forms). Plus and minus forms are called D... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Even though many studies conduct testing under experimental or enriched conditions, oxidation-reduction reactions occur naturally and allow for chemicals to go through processes such as biodegradation, outlined above. Oxidation is defined as the loss of an electron to another species, while reduction is the gaining of ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Mars 2020 rover, which launched in 2020, is intended to investigate an astrobiologically relevant ancient environment on Mars, investigate its surface geological processes and history, including the assessment of its past habitability, the possibility of past life on Mars, and potential for preservation of biosigna... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Complexes with η-allyl ligands (classified as X-type ligands) are also known. One example is CpFe(CO)(η-CH), in which only the methylene group is attached to the Fe centre (i.e., it has the connectivity [Fe]–CH–CH=CH). As is the case for many other η-allyl complexes, the monohapticity of the allyl ligand in this speci... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Recently the phylogenetic relationship of the group Thermotogota was characterized based on the CSI approach. Previously no biochemical or molecular markers were known that could clearly distinguish the species of this phylum from all other bacteria. More than 60 CSIs that were specific for the entire Thermotogota phyl... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Zinc serves a purely structural role in zinc fingers, twists and clusters. Zinc fingers form parts of some transcription factors, which are proteins that recognize DNA base sequences during the replication and transcription of DNA. Each of the nine or ten ions in a zinc finger helps maintain the finger's structure by ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Eslicarbazepine acetate is absorbed to at least 90% from the gut, independently of food intake. It is quickly metabolised to eslicarbazepine, so that the original substance cannot be detected in the bloodstream. Peak plasma levels of eslicarbazepine are reached after 2–3 (1–4) hours, and plasma protein binding is somew... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
In psychiatry research, the accepted criteria which a biomarker must fulfill to be called an endophenotype include:
# An endophenotype must segregate with illness in the population.
# An endophenotype must be heritable.
# An endophenotype must not be state-dependent (i.e., manifests whether illness is active or in rem... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The commercial production of amino acids usually relies on mutant bacteria that overproduce individual amino acids using glucose as a carbon source. Some amino acids are produced by enzymatic conversions of synthetic intermediates. 2-Aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid is an intermediate in the industrial synthesis of L... | 1 | Biochemistry |
BSA is prepared by treating acetamide with trimethylsilyl chloride in the presence of a base (Me = CH, Et = CH):
The reaction of BSA with alcohols gives the corresponding trimethylsilyl ether, together with acetamide as a byproduct (Me = CH): | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Chloroplasts are considered endosymbiotic Cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria are sometimes called blue-green algae even though they are prokaryotes. They are a diverse phylum of gram-negative bacteria capable of carrying out photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria also contain a peptidoglycan cell wall, which is thicker than in other ... | 5 | Photochemistry |
In the addition of a nucleophile (Nu) attack to a carbonyl, the BD angle is defined as the Nu-C-O bond angle. The BD angle adopted during an approach by a nucleophile to a trigonal unsaturated electrophile depends primarily on the molecular orbital (MO) shapes and occupancies of the unsaturated carbon center (e.g., car... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Plant biochemistry encompasses the chemical reactions that occur within plants. In principle, knowledge at a molecular level informs technologies for providing food. Particular focus is on the biochemical differences between plants and other organisms as well as the differences within the plant kingdom, such as dicotyl... | 1 | Biochemistry |
An example of how glycolipids function within the body is the interaction between leukocytes and endothelial cells during inflammation. Selectins, a class of lectins found on the surface of leukocytes and endothelial cells bind to the carbohydrates attached to glycolipids to initiate the immune response. This binding c... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Ethanol is obtained by fermentation of glucose (which is often obtained from starch) in the presence of yeast. Carbon dioxide is cogenerated. Like ethanol, butanol can be produced by fermentation processes. Saccharomyces yeast are known to produce these higher alcohols at temperatures above . The bacterium Clostridium... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Shikimic acid, more commonly known as its anionic form shikimate, is a cyclohexene, a cyclitol and a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. It is an important biochemical metabolite in plants and microorganisms. Its name comes from the Japanese flower shikimi (, the Japanese star anise, Illicium anisatum), from which it was first... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7 (CCL7) is a small cytokine that was previously called monocyte-chemotactic protein 3 (MCP3). CCL7 is a small protein that belongs to the CC chemokine family and is most closely related to CCL2 (previously called MCP1). | 1 | Biochemistry |
Generally, synthetic schemes that begin with ketones () involve conversion of the ketone with the desired substituents to diaziridines (). These diaziridenes are then subsequently oxidized to form the desired diazirines.
Diaziridines can be prepared from ketones by oximation, followed by tosylation (or mesylation), and... | 5 | Photochemistry |
There are two major applications to studying the genome at the single cell level. One application is to track the changes that occur in bacterial populations, where phenotypic differences are often seen. These differences are missed by bulk sequencing of a population, but can be observed in single cell sequencing. The ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Trinitroethylorthoformate also known as TNEOF is an explosive with excellent chemical stability. It does not have hygroscopicity, does not dissolve in water, and does not react with acids. It decomposes in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to release formaldehyde odor. The explosion point of TNEOF is 229 °C, though it ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Multiple labs identified the PRR genes as parts of the circadian clock in the 1990s. In 2000, Akinori Matsushika, Seiya Makino, Masaya Kojima, and Takeshi Mizuno were the first to understand PRR genes as pseudo-response repressor genes rather than as response regulator (ARR) genes. The factor that distinguishes PRR fro... | 1 | Biochemistry |
For steelmaking, direct current (DC) arc furnaces are used, with a single electrode in the roof and the current return through a conductive bottom lining or conductive pins in the base. The advantage of DC is lower electrode consumption per ton of steel produced, since only one electrode is used, as well as less electr... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Total RNA is purified from the specimen of interest. Poly A messenger RNA is then purified from total RNA and subsequently translated into cDNA using a reverse transcription reaction. The cDNA produced from the mRNA is labeled using primers homologous to the spliced leader sequences of the organism. In a nine step PCR ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
While slight variations on the standard genetic code had been predicted earlier, none was discovered until 1979, when researchers studying human mitochondrial genes determined that they used an alternative code. Nonetheless, the mitochondria of many other eukaryotes, including most plants, use the standard code. Many s... | 1 | Biochemistry |
There are two methods for the production of spiropyrans. The first one can be by condensation of methylene bases with o-hydroxy aromatic aldehydes (or the condensation of the precursor of methylene bases). Spiropyrans generally could be obtained by boiling the aldehyde and the respective benzazolium salts in presence ... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Since all the A functional groups are from the trifunctional monomer, ρ = 1 and
Therefore, gelation occurs when
or when,
Similarly, gelation occurs when | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In chemistry, the square planar molecular geometry describes the stereochemistry (spatial arrangement of atoms) that is adopted by certain chemical compounds. As the name suggests, molecules of this geometry have their atoms positioned at the corners. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Solvated electrons are involved in the reaction of alkali metals with water, even though the solvated electron has only a fleeting existence. Below pH = 9.6 the hydrated electron reacts with the hydronium ion giving atomic hydrogen, which in turn can react with the hydrated electron giving hydroxide ion and usual molec... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A naturally occurring predator to coral reefs in the Great Barrier Reef is the Crown of Thorns sea star (Acanthaster planci). Population outbreaks of the Crown of Thorns sea star are one of the major causes of coral decline across the Great Barrier Reef, as an adult crown-of-thorns starfish is capable of consuming up t... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Pronounced intensity minima were first observed in 1930 by Theodor Estermann, Otto Frisch, and Otto Stern, during a series of gas-surface interaction experiments attempting to demonstrate the wave nature of atoms and molecules. The phenomenon has been explained in 1936 by John Lennard-Jones and Devonshire in terms of r... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The slip-line theory was co-developed by Hilda Geiringer in the early 1930s. She developed the Geiringer equations, which simplify the process of calculating the deformation. | 8 | Metallurgy |
If with , , as integers represents the reciprocal lattice for a crystal lattice (defined by ) in real space, we know that with an integer due to the known orthogonality between primitive vectors for the reciprocal lattice and those for the crystal lattice. (We use the physical, not crystallographers, definition fo... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Nod factors structurally are lipochitooligosaccharides (LCOs) that consist of an N-acetyl--glucosamine chain linked through β-1,4 linkage with a fatty acid of variable identity attached to a non reducing nitrogen in the backbone with various functional group substitutions at the terminal or non-terminal residues.
Nod f... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Compared to the number of drug candidates that have successfully made it to the clinical trial phase, there are many more lead compounds which have been tested in vivo using various animal models. Much of the current work that has progressed to in vivo testing has been directed to the RNA repeat expansions implicated i... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The laws of gravity seem to be time reversal invariant in classical mechanics; however, specific solutions need not be.
An object can cross through the event horizon of a black hole from the outside, and then fall rapidly to the central region where our understanding of physics breaks down. Since within a black hole th... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Wet storage stain is a white, crumbly, and porous substance that is a mixture of three chemical compounds: 2ZnCO·3Zn(OH), ZnO, and β-Zn(OH). Underneath the white coating is usually a dark gray surface. The corrosion product is very voluminous; it is approximately 100 times greater in volume than the zinc consumed. Beca... | 8 | Metallurgy |
As early as the 1920s, the concept of using hot water and alkali catalysts to produce oil out of biomass was proposed. In 1939, U.S. patent 2,177,557, described a two-stage process in which a mixture of water, wood chips, and calcium hydroxide is heated in the first stage at temperatures in a range of , with the pressu... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Most importantly, with the sequential order rules, also referred to as Nodas rules', the sequence of the intensity changes can be determined. By carefully interpreting the signs of the 2D synchronous and asynchronous cross peaks with the following rules, the sequence of spectral events during the experiment can be dete... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Plastic deformation happens when stresses flatten, bend, or twist a material until it cannot return to its original shape. This can create cracks in the material and decrease its lifetime. | 8 | Metallurgy |
A mesocrystal is a material structure composed of numerous small crystals of similar size and shape, which are arranged in a regular
periodic pattern. It is a form of oriented aggregation, where the small crystals have parallel crystallographic alignment but are spatially separated.
When the sizes of individual compon... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy requires a confocal microscope, and a scanning probe microscope. The optical microscope is used to align the laser focal point with the tip coated with a SERS active metal. The three typical experimental configurations are bottom illumination, side illumination, and top illumination, dep... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
JAKs range from 120-140 kDa in size and have seven defined regions of homology called Janus homology domains 1 to 7 (JH1-7). JH1 is the kinase domain important for the enzymatic activity of the JAK and contains typical features of a tyrosine kinase such as conserved tyrosines necessary for JAK activation (e.g., Y1038/Y... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Arene oxides are intermediates in the oxidation of arenes by cytochrome P450. For prochiral arenes (naphthalene, toluene, benzoates, benzopyrene), the epoxides are often obtained in high enantioselectivity.
Chiral epoxides can often be derived enantioselectively from prochiral alkenes. Many metal complexes give active ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In 1780, Luigi Galvani discovered that when two different metals (e.g., copper and zinc) are in contact and then both are touched at the same time to two different parts of a muscle of a frog leg, to close the circuit, the frogs leg contracts. He called this "animal electricity". The frogs leg, as well as being a dete... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Bacterial two hybrid methods (B2H or BTH) are usually carried out in E. coli and have some advantages over yeast-based systems. For instance, the higher transformation efficiency and faster rate of growth lends E. coli to the use of larger libraries (in excess of 10). The absence of requirements for a nuclear localisat... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Knockdown of Alms1 by short interfering RNA in mouse inner medullary collecting duct cells caused defective ciliogenesis. Cilia were stunted and treated cells lacked the ability to increase calcium influx in response to mechanical stimuli. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Tartaric acid and its derivatives have a plethora of uses in the field of pharmaceuticals. For example, it has been used in the production of effervescent salts, in combination with citric acid, to improve the taste of oral medications. The potassium antimonyl derivative of the acid known as tartar emetic is included, ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Manganese is an essential human dietary element. It is present as a coenzyme in several biological processes, which include macronutrient metabolism, bone formation, and free radical defense systems. It is a critical component in dozens of proteins and enzymes. The human body contains about 12 mg of manganese, mostly i... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In blood vessels Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor or EDHF is proposed to be a substance and/or electrical signal that is generated or synthesized in and released from the endothelium; its action is to hyperpolarize vascular smooth muscle cells, causing these cells to relax, thus allowing the blood vessel to e... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Chambers isolated by filters are proper tools for accurate determination of chemotactic behavior. The pioneer type of these chambers was constructed by Boyden. The motile cells are placed into the upper chamber, while fluid containing the test substance is filled into the lower one. The size of the motile cells to be i... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Transcription fidelity is achieved through multiple mechanisms. RNA polymerases select correct nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) substrate to prevent transcription errors. Only the NTP which correctly base pairs with the coding base in the DNA is admitted to the active center. RNA polymerase performs two known proof readin... | 1 | Biochemistry |
There are various protein targets of PCAF's acetyltransferase activity including transcription factors such as Fli1, p53 and numerous histone residues. Hdm2, itself a ubiquitin ligase that targets p53, has also been demonstrated to be a target of the ubiquitin-ligase activity of PCAF. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Wood's notation takes the form
where M is the chemical symbol of the substrate, A is the chemical symbol of the overlayer, are the Miller indices of the surface plane, R and correspond to the rotational difference between the substrate and overlayer vectors, and the vector magnitudes shown are those of the substrate ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A transcription unit is a set of one or more genes transcribed from a single promoter. A TU may also include regulatory protein binding sites affecting this promoter and a terminator. A complex operon with several promoters contains, therefore, several transcription units. A transcription unit must include all the gene... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The word aldehyde was coined by Justus von Liebig as a contraction of the Latin (dehydrogenated alcohol). In the past, aldehydes were sometimes named after the corresponding alcohols, for example, vinous aldehyde for acetaldehyde. (Vinous is from Latin "wine", the traditional source of ethanol, cognate with vinyl.)
T... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The pipette itself is an apparatus comprising following members (see Fig. 2).
: pipette tip configured to be able to access and aspirate/discharge liquid from/into each of vessels, having
::a front end portion,
::a reservoir portion,
::a liquid passage
:::connecting the front end portion and the reservoir portion,
::a ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In chemical reactors, the goal is to make components react with a high yield. In a homogeneous, first-order reaction, the probability that an atom or molecule will react depends only on its residence time:
for a rate constant . Given a RTD, the average probability is equal to the ratio of the concentration of the comp... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Electrodeless discharge lamps (EDL) contain a small quantity of the analyte as a metal or a salt in a quartz bulb together with an inert gas, typically argon gas, at low pressure. The bulb is inserted into a coil that is generating an electromagnetic radio frequency field, resulting in a low-pressure inductively couple... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Databases and computational tools for mimotopes have been an important part of phage display study. Databases, programs and web servers have been widely used to exclude target-unrelated peptides, characterize small molecules-protein interactions and map protein-protein interactions. Users can use three dimensional stru... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group characterizes the following types of compounds:
Other organic carbonyls are urea and the carbamates, the derivatives of acyl chlorides chloroformates and phosgene, carbonate esters, thioesters, lactones, lactams, hydroxamates, and isocyanates. Examples of inorganic carbonyl compou... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Regarding biological membranes, the liquid ordered phase is a liquid crystalline phase of a lipid bilayer, and is of significant biological importance. It occurs in many lipid mixtures combining cholesterol with a phospholipid and/or sphingolipids e.g. sphingomyelin. This phase has been related to lipid rafts that may ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Ingold married Dr. Edith Hilda Ingold (Usherwood) in 1923. She was a fellow chemist with whom he collaborated. They had two daughters and a son, the chemist Keith Ingold. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
AMGs are not randomly distributed throughout genomes. Current research is being done to determine the genes that most commonly surround specific AMGs. Hyperplastic regions including the region between genes g15-g18 has been classified as locales where multiple AMGs have been inserted. Possible AMG contexts can be divid... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Watt's Expansion Engine is generally considered as of historic interest only. There are however some recent developments which may lead to a renaissance of the technology. Today, there is an enormous amount of waste steam and waste heat with temperatures between 100 and 150 °C generated by industry. In addition, solart... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Scattering-based DDM belongs to the so-called near-field (or deep Fresnel) scattering family, a recently introduced family of imaging-based scattering methods. Near field is used here in a similar way to what is used for near field speckles i.e. as a particular case of Fresnel region as opposed to the far field or Frau... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In chemical ionization (CI) a reagent gas, typically methane or ammonia is introduced into the mass spectrometer. Depending on the technique (positive CI or negative CI) chosen, this reagent gas will interact with the electrons and analyte and cause a soft ionization of the molecule of interest. A softer ionization fr... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Endomorphin-1 (EM-1) (amino acid sequence Tyr-Pro-Trp-Phe-NH) is an endogenous opioid peptide and one of the two endomorphins. It is a high affinity, highly selective agonist of the μ-opioid receptor, and along with endomorphin-2 (EM-2), has been proposed to be the actual endogenous ligand of the μ-receptor. EM-1 produ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Mutations in complex III-related genes typically manifest as exercise intolerance. Other mutations have been reported to cause septo-optic dysplasia and multisystem disorders. However, mutations in BCS1L, a gene responsible for proper maturation of complex III, can result in Björnstad syndrome and the GRACILE syndrome... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The sulfur cycle in marine environments has been well-studied via the tool of sulfur isotope systematics expressed as δS. The modern global oceans have sulfur storage of , mainly occurring as sulfate with the δS value of +21‰. The overall input flux is with the sulfur isotope composition of ~3‰. Riverine sulfate der... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The Bolzano process is a means to reduce magnesium to metallic form. "Dolomite-ferrosilicon briquettes are stacked on a special charge support system through which internal electric heating is conducted to the charge. A complete reaction takes 20 to 24 hours at 1,200 °C."
In 2014, Brazilian operations produced 10-15 ki... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Hydrogen embrittlement is a complex process involving a number of distinct contributing micro-mechanisms, not all of which need to be present. The mechanisms include the formation of brittle hydrides, the creation of voids that can lead to high-pressure bubbles, enhanced decohesion at internal surfaces and localised pl... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In biochemistry, several important enzymatic cascades and signal transduction cascades participate in metabolic pathways or signaling networks, in which enzymes are usually involved to catalyze the reactions. For example, the tissue factor pathway in the coagulation cascade of secondary hemostasis is the primary pathwa... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Disulfide bonds play an important protective role for bacteria as a reversible switch that turns a protein on or off when bacterial cells are exposed to oxidation reactions. Hydrogen peroxide (HO) in particular could severely damage DNA and kill the bacterium at low concentrations if not for the protective action of th... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
It may sometimes be useful to perform other diagnostic measures in addition to spot tests. For example, some lichen metabolites fluoresce under ultraviolet radiation such that exposing certain parts of the lichen to a UV light source can reveal the presence or absence of those metabolites similarly to spot tests. Examp... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Prp24 has a human homolog, SART3. SART3 is a tumor rejection antigen (SART3 stands for "squamous cell carcinoma antigen recognized by T cells, gene 3). The RRMs 1 and 2 in yeast are similar to RRMs in human SART3. The C-terminal domain is also highly conserved from yeast to humans. This protein, like Prp24, interacts ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Biuret was first prepared and studied by Gustav Heinrich Wiedemann (1826–1899) for his doctoral dissertation, which was submitted in 1847. His findings were reported in several articles. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Boronic esters are esters formed between a boronic acid and an alcohol.
The compounds can be obtained from borate esters by condensation with alcohols and diols. Phenylboronic acid can be selfcondensed to the cyclic trimer called triphenyl anhydride or triphenylboroxin.
Compounds with 5-membered cyclic structures conta... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Because the energy of an X-ray with particular wavelength is known (for Al K X-rays, E = 1486.7 eV), and because the emitted electrons' kinetic energies are measured, the electron binding energy of each of the emitted electrons can be determined by using the photoelectric effect equation,
where E is the binding energy ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Iterons have an important role in plasmid replication. An iteron-containing plasmid origin of replication can be found containing about five iterons about 20 base pairs in length total. These iterons provide a saturation site for initiator receptor proteins and promote replication thus increasing plasmid copy number in... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Modafinil is a racemic mixture of two enantiomers, armodafinil ((R)-modafinil) and esmodafinil ((S)-modafinil). | 4 | Stereochemistry |
In colloidal chemistry, an aggregation number is a description of the number of molecules present in a micelle once the critical micelle concentration (CMC) has been reached. In more detail, it has been defined as the average number of surfactant monomers in a spherical micelle.
The aggregation number of micelles can b... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Culcheth is just over one mile north of junction 11 of the M62 motorway on the A574.
It was administered by the Research and Development Branch of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA). | 8 | Metallurgy |
In the study of metallomes the transcriptome, proteome and the metabolome constitutes the whole metallome. A study of the metallome is done to arrive at the metallointeractome. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Triuret is an organic compound with the formula (HNC(O)NH)CO. It is a product from the pyrolysis of urea. Triuret is a colorless, crystalline, hygroscopic solid, slightly soluble in cold water or ether, and more soluble in hot water. It is a planar molecule. The central carbonyl is hydrogen-bonded to both terminal a... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Ethyl cyanohydroxyiminoacetate is a white solid which is soluble in many solvents common in the synthesis of peptides, such as dichloromethane or dimethylformamide (DMF). In crystalline form, the compound is present as an oxime, whereas it exists as a salt or in a strongly basic solution predominantly as a tautomeric n... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Victor Moritz Goldschmidt (27 January 1888 – 20 March 1947) was a Norwegian mineralogist considered (together with Vladimir Vernadsky) to be the founder of modern geochemistry and crystal chemistry, developer of the Goldschmidt Classification of elements. | 9 | Geochemistry |
Hydrazides in organic chemistry are a class of organic compounds with the formula where R is acyl (), sulfonyl (), phosphoryl (), phosphonyl () and similar groups (chalcogen analogs are included, for example sulfur analogs called thiohydrazides), and R' are any groups (typically hydrogen or organyl). Unlike hydrazine... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Because their double bonds are electron rich, enols behave as nucleophiles and react with electrophiles in much the same way that alkenes do. But because of resonance electron donation of a lone pair of electrons on the neighboring oxygen, enols are more electron- rich and correspondingly more reactive than alkenes. No... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Since the 1970s and the well-publicized advocacy of Benjamin Feingold, there has been public concern that food colorings may cause ADHD-like behavior in children. These concerns have led the FDA and other food safety authorities to regularly review the scientific literature, and led the UK FSA to commission a study by... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Radiosynthesis is the theorized capture and metabolism, by living organisms, of energy from ionizing radiation, analogously to photosynthesis. Metabolism of ionizing radiation was theorized as early as 1956 by the Russian microbiologist S. I. Kuznetsov.
Beginning in the 1990s, researchers at the Chernobyl Nuclear Powe... | 5 | Photochemistry |
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