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The EFI's primary deliverable is development and dissemination of an integrated sequence/structure strategy for functional assignment. The EFI now offers access to two high-throughput docking tools, a web tool for comparing protein sequences within entire protein families, and a web tool for composing a genome context... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Hagemann's ester, ethyl 2-methyl-4-oxo-2-cyclohexenecarboxylate, is an organic compound that was first prepared and described in 1893 by German chemist Carl Hagemann. The compound is used in organic chemistry as a reagent in the synthesis of many natural products including sterols, trisporic acids, and terpenoids. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The color of water varies with the ambient conditions in which that water is present. While relatively small quantities of water appear to be colorless, pure water has a slight blue color that becomes deeper as the thickness of the observed sample increases. The hue of water is an intrinsic property and is caused by se... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Phytochromes (also known as phys) were initially discovered in green plants in 1945. The photoreversible pigment was later found in fungi, mosses, and other algae groups due to the development of whole-genome sequencing, as explained in Peter H. Quails 2010 journal article Phytochromes. As described in Hugo Scheers 19... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In the 1960s through the 1970s, Paul Boyer, a UCLA Professor, developed the binding change, or flip-flop, mechanism theory, which postulated that ATP synthesis is dependent on a conformational change in ATP synthase generated by rotation of the gamma subunit. The research group of John E. Walker, then at the MRC Labora... | 5 | Photochemistry |
In 1901, Joseph Hoeing Kastle and Oliver March Shedd in the U.S. found that biological material could cause the oxidation of phenolphthalin to phenolphthalein in slightly alkaline solutions. In 1903, Erich Meyer in Germany found that blood cells could also trigger the reaction. In 1906, Kastle and Amoss found that chi... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Self-cleaning screen media was initially engineered to resolve screen cloth blinding, clogging and pegging problems. The idea was to place crimped wires side by side on a flat surface, creating openings and then, in some way, holding them together over the support bars (crown bars or bucker bars). This would allow the ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Surficial processes are the physical and chemical phenomena which cause concentration of ore material within the regolith, generally by the action of the environment. This includes placer deposits, laterite deposits, and residual or eluvial deposits. Superficial deposits processes of ore formation include;
* Erosion o... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Order strengthening brought about from the interaction of dislocations with ordered precipitates, forming anti-phase boundaries as dislocations move throughout the crystal, can lead to significant increases in strength and creep resistance. For this reason, order strengthening is often exploited for high-temperature cr... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The AFM consists of a cantilever with a sharp tip (probe) at its end that is used to scan the specimen surface. The cantilever is typically silicon or silicon nitride with a tip radius of curvature on the order of nanometers. When the tip is brought into proximity of a sample surface, forces between the tip and the sam... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Following the work on homeotic mutants by Ed Lewis, the phenomenology of homeosis in animals was further elaborated by discovery of a conserved DNA binding sequence present in many homeotic proteins.
Thus, the 60 amino acid DNA binding protein domain was named the homeodomain, while the 180 bp nucleotide sequence enc... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Codon Adaptation Index (CAI) is the most widespread technique for analyzing codon usage bias. As opposed to other measures of codon usage bias, such as the effective number of codons (Nc), which measure deviation from a uniform bias (null hypothesis), CAI measures the deviation of a given protein coding gene seque... | 1 | Biochemistry |
First-row metal complexes tend to undergo reductive elimination faster than second-row metal complexes, which tend to be faster than third-row metal complexes. This is due to bond strength, with metal-ligand bonds in first-row complexes being weaker than metal-ligand bonds in third-row complexes. Additionally, electron... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Zeta potential titration is a titration of heterogeneous systems, for example colloids and emulsions. Solids in such systems have very high surface area. This type of titration is used to study the zeta potential of these surfaces under different conditions. Details of zeta potential definition and measuring technique... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Whilst the method of PDC electrolysis has been proven by Ghoroghichian and Bockris in 1952 and 1985 to work extremely well in theory, it is difficult to replicate with consistently positive results in practical experimentation. Hence, the many mechanisms that have been patented are unable to be repeated and used in ind... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Alvaro Alonso Barba was a secular Catholic priest and metallurgist born in Lepe in 1569.
Antonio (1786) says, "Baeticus ex oppido Lepe, apud Potosi"; hence Barba is assumed to be of Andalusian origin, from the ancient Roman province of Baetica.
He lived at Potosí during the period when its silver mines were most produ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Faulds studied forensic and analytical science at the University of Strathclyde, graduating with a BSc in 1998. She remained at Strathclyde for her doctoral studies and in 2003 received her PhD for research on the detection of drugs of substance abuse using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Alloys of vanadium, nickel, and titanium have a high hydrogen solubility, and can therefore absorb significant amounts of hydrogen. This can lead to hydride formation, resulting in irregular volume expansion and reduced ductility (because metallic hydrides are fragile ceramic materials). This is a particular issue when... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
An example of splicing aberration (exon skipping) caused by a mutation in the donor splice site in the exon 8 of MLH1 gene that led to colorectal cancer is given below. This example shows that a mutation in a splice site within a gene can lead to a profound effect in the sequence and structure of the mRNA, and the sequ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
* The advantages of an oxidation-reduction reactor in gas chromatography include
* The reactor ensures uniform sensitivity to most organic molecules, leading to consistent and reliable detection across a wide range of analytes.
* By eliminating the need for multiple calibrations and standards, the reactor increases the... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Pharmacogenetics focuses on identifying genetic variations including SNPs associated with differential responses to treatment. Many drug metabolizing enzymes, drug targets, or target pathways can be influenced by SNPs. The SNPs involved in drug metabolizing enzyme activities can change drug pharmacokinetics, while the ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
* Evalyn Bostock, (1917–1944) British actress who died from accidentally drinking carbon tetrachloride after mistaking it for her drink while working in a photographic darkroom.
* Harry Edwards (1887–1952), an American director who died from carbon tetrachloride poisoning shortly after directing his first television pr... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
N-linked glycans are extremely important in proper protein folding in eukaryotic cells. Chaperone proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, such as calnexin and calreticulin, bind to the three glucose residues present on the core N-linked glycan. These chaperone proteins then serve to aid in the folding of the protein tha... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Speculations about the chemical structure and properties of hypothetical non-carbon-based life have been a recurring theme in science fiction. Silicon is often used as a substitute for carbon in fictional lifeforms because of its chemical similarities. In cinematic and literary science fiction, when man-made machines c... | 1 | Biochemistry |
*[http://pid.nci.nih.gov/PID/2006/061114/full/pid.2006.001.shtml An Introduction to the NCI-Nature Pathway Interaction Database]
*[http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0000425 Identification of Key Processes Underlying Cancer Phenotypes Using Biologic Pathway Analysis] | 1 | Biochemistry |
Charge exchange (or charge exchange collision) is a process in which a neutral atom or molecule collides with an ion, resulting in the neutral atom acquiring the charge of the ion. The reaction is typically expressed as
This reaction has various diagnostic applications, such as in plasma physics and mass spectrometry. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In vertebrates, the majority of gene promoters contain a CpG island with numerous CpG sites. When many of a gene's promoter CpG sites are methylated the gene becomes silenced. Colorectal cancers typically have 3 to 6 driver mutations and 33 to 66 hitchhiker or passenger mutations. However, transcriptional silencing... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In 1925, Coward received a Rockefeller Fellowship to continue her studies and research on vitamin A in the Department of Agricultural Chemistry at the University of Wisconsin–Madison under Dr. Harry Steenbock. On her return to Britain, she was appointed head of the Nutrition Department of the Royal Pharmaceutical... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Surprisal (a term coined in this context by Myron Tribus) was first introduced to better understand the specificity of energy release and selectivity of energy requirements of elementary chemical reactions. This gave rise to a series of new experiments which demonstrated that in elementary reactions, the nascent produc... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
One famous intercalation host is graphite, which intercalates potassium as a guest. Intercalation expands the van der Waals gap between sheets, which requires energy. Usually this energy is supplied by charge transfer between the guest and the host solid, i.e., redox. Two potassium graphite compounds are KC and KC. Car... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
In August 2012, Ferrier celebrated his 80th birthday and retired a second time. Later that year, the Ferrier Trust was set up in his honour, to bring a scientist to New Zealand each year, to engage with chemistry students and lecture. Peppi Prasit, a Ferrier PhD graduate and founder of Amira Pharmaceuticals and Incepti... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Since its founding in 1959, EAS has become a premier venue for analysts to learn about new technologies, new applications for older technologies, and developments in such diverse fields as bioanalysis, pharmaceutical analysis, forensic science, laboratory management, and environmental analysis. Throughout the years, t... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The modification of inert surfaces of polyolefins, polyesters, and polyamides by grafting functional vinyl monomers has been used to increase hydrophobicity, dye absorption, and polymer adhesion. This photografting method is generally used during continuous filament or thin film processing. On a bulk commercial scale, ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The discovery that the β chemokines RANTES, MIP (macrophage inflammatory proteins) 1α and 1β (now known as CCL5, CCL3 and CCL4 respectively) suppress HIV-1 provided the initial connection and indicated that these molecules might control infection as part of immune responses in vivo, and that sustained delivery of such ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
One resolution to irreversibility is to say that the constant increase of entropy we observe happens only because of the initial state of our universe. Other possible states of the universe (for example, a universe at heat death equilibrium) would actually result in no increase of entropy. In this view, the apparent T-... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Electrical discharge machining (EDM), also known as spark machining, spark eroding, die sinking, wire burning or wire erosion, is a metal
fabrication process whereby a desired shape is obtained by using electrical discharges (sparks). Material is removed from the work piece by a series of rapidly recurring current disc... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The racemic parent compound racemorphan was first described in a Swiss and US patent application from Hoffmann-La Roche in 1946 and 1947, respectively; a patent was granted in 1950. A resolution of the two isomers of racemorphan with tartaric acid was published in 1952, and dextromethorphan was successfully tested in 1... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
The guaifenesin developed by Eldon Boyd is still commonly used today as an expectorant, sold over the counter, and usually taken by mouth to assist the bringing up of phlegm from the airways in acute respiratory tract infections. Guaifenesin is a component of Mucinex, Robitussin DAC, Cheratussin DAC, Robitussin AC, Che... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The majority of these twintrons have been characterized within the Euglena chloroplast genome but these elements have also been found in cryptomonad algae (Pyrenomonas salina), and group I intron based twintrons (group I inserted within a group I intron) have been described in Didymium iridis. Since the discovery of th... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In England and Wales acceptable levels for drinking water supply are listed in the "Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 2000." | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Protein synthesis within chloroplasts relies on two RNA polymerases. One is coded by the chloroplast DNA, the other is of nuclear origin. The two RNA polymerases may recognize and bind to different kinds of promoters within the chloroplast genome. The ribosomes in chloroplasts are similar to bacterial ribosomes. | 5 | Photochemistry |
Member countries include: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Czech Republic, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. | 8 | Metallurgy |
Oxidative phosphorylation (UK , US ) or electron transport-linked phosphorylation or terminal oxidation is the metabolic pathway in which cells use enzymes to oxidize nutrients, thereby releasing chemical energy in order to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In eukaryotes, this takes place inside mitochondria. Almo... | 1 | Biochemistry |
VMA is found in the urine, along with other catecholamine metabolites, including homovanillic acid (HVA), metanephrine, and normetanephrine. In timed urine tests the quantity excreted (usually per 24 hours) is assessed along with creatinine clearance, and the quantity of cortisols, catecholamines, and metanephrines ex... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Pseudoephedrine was on the International Olympic Committees (IOC) banned substances list until 2004, when the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) list replaced the IOC list. Although WADA initially only monitored' pseudoephedrine, it went back onto the "banned" list on 1 January 2010.
Pseudoephedrine is excreted through ur... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Research into the phenomenon of ocean acidification, as well as awareness raising about the problem, has been going on for several decades. The fundamental research really began with the creation of the pH scale by Danish chemist Søren Peder Lauritz Sørensen in 1909. By around the 1950s the massive role of the ocean in... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Not all compounds with alternating double and single bonds are aromatic. Cyclooctatetraene, for example, possesses alternating single and double bonds. The molecule typically adopts a "tub" conformation. Because the p orbitals of the molecule do not align themselves well in this non-planar molecule, the π bonds are ess... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Imines may be reduced enantioselectively using stoichiometric amounts of chiral metal hydrides. Such methods have the advantage that they are easy to implement. Reduction with hydrosilanes is a second alternative to transition-metal catalyzed hydrogenation. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Once again, the conformation and position of groups (ie. substituents) larger than a singular hydrogen are critical to the overall stability of the molecule. The larger the group, the less likely to prefer the axial position on its respective carbon. Maintaining said position with a larger size costs more energy from t... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Strict carnivores manage vitamin A differently than omnivores and herbivores. Carnivores are more tolerant of high intakes of retinol because those species have the ability to excrete retinol and retinyl esters in urine. Carnivores also have the ability to store more in the liver, due to a higher ratio of liver HSCs to... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Dead zones can be classified by type, and are identified by the length of their occurrence:
* Permanent dead zones are deep water occurrences that rarely exceed 2 milligrams per liter.
* Temporary dead zones are short lived dead zones lasting hours or days.
* Seasonal dead zones are annually occurring, typically in war... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Volatile suspended solids (VSS) is an analytical parameter representing, loosely, the undissolved organic matter in a water sample. More technically, it a water quality parameter obtained from the loss on ignition of total suspended solids. This ignition generally takes place in an oven at a temperature of 550 °C to 60... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
the Atlantic Station project in Atlanta, was the largest brownfield redevelopment in the United States. Dayton, like many other cities in the region, is developing Tech Town in order to attract technology-based firms to Dayton and revitalize the downtown area. In Homestead, Pennsylvania, the site once occupied by Carn... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Polyprotein processing is adopted by 45% of plant viruses, such as the Potyviridae and Tymoviridae. The ribosome translates a single protein from the viral genome. Within the polyprotein is an enzyme (or enzymes) with proteinase function that is able to cleave the polyprotein into the various single proteins or just cl... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Salmonella encodes a LuxR homolog, SdiA, but does not encode an AHL synthase. SdiA detects AHLs produced by other species of bacteria including Aeromonas hydrophila, Hafnia alvei, and Yersinia enterocolitica. When AHL is detected, SdiA regulates the rck operon on the Salmonella virulence plasmid (pefI-srgD-srgA-srgB-rc... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Static fatigue describes how prolonged and constant cyclic stress weakens a material until it breaks apart, which is called failure. Static fatigue is sometimes called "delayed fracture". The damage occurs at a lower stress level than the stress level needed to create a normal tensile fracture. Static fatigue can invol... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The GUS assay, as well as other reporter gene systems, can be used for other kinds of studies other than the classical promoter activity assay. Reporter systems have been used for the determination of the efficiency of gene delivery systems, the intracellular localization of a gene product, the detection of protein-pro... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In Earth's atmosphere, carbon dioxide is a trace gas that plays an integral part in the greenhouse effect, carbon cycle, photosynthesis and oceanic carbon cycle. It is one of several greenhouse gases in the atmosphere of Earth. The current global average concentration of carbon dioxide (CO) in the atmosphere is 421 ppm... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
In coordination chemistry and crystallography, the geometry index or structural parameter () is a number ranging from 0 to 1 that indicates what the geometry of the coordination center is. The first such parameter for 5-coordinate compounds was developed in 1984. Later, parameters for 4-coordinate compounds were develo... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
BARDS has significant potential as an analytical technique. Applications researched so far include:
* Batch consistency analysis
* Blend uniformity analysis
* Polymorph and pseudopolymorph discrimination
* Monitoring of supersaturation of solutions and rates of outgassing | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Golfomycin A is a synthetic enediyne molecule designed in an attempt to create a more easily manufactured antitumor antibiotic. DNA strand-scission induced by golfomycin A is pH dependent. Preliminary in vitro studies have demonstrated that golfomycin A can reduce carcinomas in bladder cells. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The vapor-compression cycle is used in most household refrigerators as well as in many large commercial and industrial refrigeration systems. Figure 1 provides a schematic diagram of the components of a typical vapor-compression refrigeration system.
The thermodynamics of the cycle can be analyzed on a diagram as shown... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The situation on rough surfaces is much more complicated. The main characteristic of the wetting properties of rough surfaces is the so-called apparent contact angle (APCA). It is well known that the APCA usually measured are different from those predicted by the Young equation. Two main hypotheses were proposed in ord... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The three types of coatings are: diffusion coatings, overlay coatings, and thermal barrier coatings. Diffusion coatings, mainly constituted with aluminide or platinum-aluminide, is the most common. MCrAlX-based overlay coatings (M=Ni or Co, X=Y, Hf, Si) enhance resistance to corrosion and oxidation. Compared to diffusi... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Molecular breeding resources (including multiomics data) are available for:
* Some of the millets
* Wheat | 1 | Biochemistry |
Townsend's early experimental apparatus consisted of planar parallel plates forming two sides of a chamber filled with a gas. A direct current high-voltage source was connected between the plates; the lower plate being the cathode while the other was the anode. He forced the cathode to emit electrons using the photoele... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Sulfuranes are relatively specialized functional group that feature tetravalent sulfur, with the formula SR Likewise, persulfuranes feature hexavalent SR.
One of the few all-carbon persulfuranes has two methyl and two biphenylene ligands:
It is prepared from the corresponding sulfurane 1 with xenon difluoride / boron t... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Well-known acyl compounds are the acyl chlorides, such as acetyl chloride (CHCOCl) and benzoyl chloride (CHCOCl). These compounds, which are treated as sources of acylium cations, are good reagents for attaching acyl groups to various substrates. Amides (RC(O)NR′) and esters (RC(O)OR′) are classes of acyl compounds, as... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Another benefit of using conductive polymers as a coating for neural devices is the ease of synthesis and flexibility in processing. Conducting polymers can be directly "deposited onto electrode surfaces with precisely controlled morphologies". There are two current ways conducting polymers can be deposited onto electr... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Some Chinese cookware is seasoned at a much higher temperature than conventional seasoning at 450 °C. More akin to bluing, this type of seasoning mainly involves a chemical change of the iron pan itself and not the oil. When beef tallow is heated at this temperature, it evaporates on the iron surface and increases the ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Qualitative filter paper is used in qualitative analytical techniques to determine materials. There are different grades of qualitative filter paper according to different pore size. There are total 13 different grades of qualitative filter paper. The largest pore size is grade 4; the smallest pore size is grade 602 h;... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In biochemistry, the KIX domain (kinase-inducible domain (KID) interacting domain) or CREB binding domain is a protein domain of the eukaryotic transcriptional coactivators CBP and P300. It serves as a docking site for the formation of heterodimers between the coactivator and specific transcription factors. Structurall... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The full quantum-mechanical treatment of bremsstrahlung is very involved. The "vacuum case" of the interaction of one electron, one ion, and one photon, using the pure Coulomb potential, has an exact solution that was probably first published by A. Sommerfeld in 1931. This analytical solution involves complicated math... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Dianins compound (4-p-hydroxyphenyl-2,2,4-trimethylchroman) was first prepared by Aleksandr Dianin in 1914. This compound is a condensation isomer of bisphenol A and acetone and of special importance in host–guest chemistry because it can form a large variety of clathrates with suitable guest molecules. One example is ... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
The weighted sum of partial specific volumes of a mixture or solution is an inverse of density of the mixture namely the specific volume of the mixture. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Homing endonucleases are always indicated with a prefix that identifies their genomic origin, followed by a hyphen: "I-" for homing endonucleases encoded within an intron, "PI-" (for "protein insert") for those encoded within an intein. Some authors have proposed using the prefix "F-" ("freestanding") for viral enzymes... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Nanorobots have the potential to transform drug delivery processes and biological computing. Llopis-Lorente and co. developed a nanorobot that can perform logic operations and process information on glucose and urea. Thubagere and coworkers designed a DNA molecular nanorobot capable of sorting chemical cargo. The syste... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Laser peening (LP), or laser shock peening (LSP), is a surface engineering process used to impart beneficial residual stresses in materials. The deep, high-magnitude compressive residual stresses induced by laser peening increase the resistance of materials to surface-related failures, such as fatigue, fretting fatigue... | 8 | Metallurgy |
UV is an investigative tool at the crime scene helpful in locating and identifying bodily fluids such as semen, blood, and saliva. For example, ejaculated fluids or saliva can be detected by high-power UV sources, irrespective of the structure or colour of the surface the fluid is deposited upon. UV–vis microspectrosco... | 5 | Photochemistry |
In 2013, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified dioxin-like PCBs as human carcinogens.
According to the U.S. EPA, PCBs have been shown to cause cancer in animals and evidence supports a cancer-causing effect in humans. Per the EPA, studies have found increases in malignant melanoma and rare l... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
A disequilibrium in the abundance of gas species in an atmosphere can be interpreted as a biosignature. Life has greatly altered the atmosphere on Earth in a way that would be unlikely for any other processes to replicate. Therefore, a departure from equilibrium is evidence for a biosignature. For example, the abundanc... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
No applications have been found thus far, although physicist Andreas Hermann states that if the state of matter could be recreated in other materials, it could have many different applications. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Carboranes (or carbaboranes) are electron-delocalized (non-classically bonded) clusters composed of boron, carbon and hydrogen atoms. Like many of the related boron hydrides, these clusters are polyhedra or fragments of polyhedra. Carboranes are one class of heteroboranes.
In terms of scope, carboranes can have as few ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Tributyltin azide is an organotin compound with the formula (CH)SnN. It is a colorless solid although older samples can appear as yellow oils. The compound is used as a reagent in organic synthesis. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
CORROSION es una banda de Thrash metal Paraguaya ceada en 1992 en Asunción
con partes de los integrantes de la Banda de Thrash Rawhide.Tiene como influencias a las tipicas bandas de metal como Slayer,Mettalica,Dorsal Atlantica,etc
La banda Se creo en 1992 con las cenizas de Rawhide,Lanzaron un Demo + Bonus tracks Y un... | 8 | Metallurgy |
α-Hydroxyketones, or acyloins, are an important synthetic motifs present in many natural products. α-Hydroxyketones have been synthesized in many ways, including reduction of α-diketones, substitution of a hydroxyl for a leaving group and direct oxidation of an enolate. Oxodiperoxymolybdenum(pyridine)-(hexamethylphosp... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) is an international non-profit association of national organizations concerned with the properties of water and steam, particularly thermophysical properties and other aspects of high-temperature steam, water and aqueous mixtures that are rele... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Wu et al. reported a C–X cross coupling using CuX (X= Br, Cl) and a silver catalyst to obtain aryl halides. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
BAC contigs are constructed by aligning BAC regions of known overlap via a variety of methods. One common strategy is to use sequence-tagged site (STS) content mapping to detect unique DNA sites in common between BACs. The degree of overlap is roughly estimated by the number of STS markers in common between two clones... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The effect of non-depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking drugs may be reversed with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, neostigmine, and edrophonium, as commonly used examples. Of these, edrophonium has a faster onset of action than neostigmine, but it is unreliable when used to antagonize deep neuromuscular block. Acetylcho... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Many traditional solids exhibit different properties when they shrink to nanometer sizes. For example, nanoparticles of usually yellow gold and gray silicon are red in color; gold nanoparticles melt at much lower temperatures (~300 °C for 2.5 nm size) than the gold slabs (1064 °C); and metallic nanowires are much stron... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The reagent is prepared from chlorosulfonylisocyanate by reaction with methanol and triethylamine in benzene: | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Initial salting in at low concentrations is explained by the Debye–Huckel theory. Proteins are surrounded by the salt counterions (ions of opposite net charge) and this screening results in decreasing electrostatic free energy of the protein and increasing activity of the solvent, which in turn leads to increasing solu... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Brominated haloalkanes were first used during World War II in fire extinguishers for aircraft and tanks. BCF was introduced as an effective gaseous fire suppression agent in the mid-1960s for use around highly valuable materials in places such as museums, mainframe rooms, and telecommunication switching centers. BCFs w... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Tertiary phosphines are often used as ligands in coordination chemistry. The binding of phosphines bind to metals, which serve as Lewis acids. For example, silver chloride reacts with triphenylphosphine to 1;1 and 1:2 complexes:
:PPh + AgCl → ClAgPPh
:PPh + ClAgPPh → ClAg(PPh)
The adducts formed from phosphines and bor... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies act through multiple mechanisms, such as blocking of targeted molecule functions, inducing apoptosis in cells which express the target, or by modulating signalling pathways. | 1 | Biochemistry |
An autapse is a chemical or electrical synapse from a neuron onto itself. It can also be described as a synapse formed by the axon of a neuron on its own dendrites, in vivo or in vitro. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Westinghouse Lamp Plant located in Bloomfield, New Jersey, was one of the lamp manufacturing plants of Westinghouse Electric Corporation. The plant had a major involvement in supplying uranium metal for the world's first self-sustaining chain reaction in Chicago (Chicago Pile-1) in the early phase of the Manhattan ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Stein Bjornar Jacobsen (born 1950) is a Norwegian-American geochemist who works within cosmochemistry.
Hailing from Drammen, he finished a cand.mag. degree at the University of Oslo before studying geology in California with a Rotary grant. Jacobsen became a professor of geochemistry at Harvard University.
He was an in... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Some evidence shows that alternatives to pesticides can be equally effective as the use of chemicals. A study of Maize fields in northern Florida found that the application of composted yard waste with high carbon to nitrogen ratio to agricultural fields was highly effective at reducing the population of plant-parasiti... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
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