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A tetrose diphosphate molecule, D-threose 2,4-diphosphate, was discovered to be an inhibitor of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase is the sixth enzyme used in the glycolysis pathway, and its function is to convert glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate into 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. T... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Low-speed rear-stage turbining occurs with excessive negative incidence leading to a pressure ratio less than one and the compressor stage absorbing power from the airflow.
Two examples where crossing the surge line prevented accelerating to high speed occurred with the first designs of the Rolls-Royce Avon and the IAE... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Because primers are designed to have low complementarity to each other, they may anneal (step I in the figure) only at low temperature, e.g. room temperature, such as during the preparation of the reaction mixture. Although DNA polymerases used in PCR are most active around 70 °C, they have some polymerizing activity a... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The "diarylethenes" were first introduced by Irie and have since gained widespread interest, largely on account of their high thermodynamic stability. They operate by means of a 6-pi electrocyclic reaction, the thermal analog of which is impossible due to steric hindrance. Pure photochromic dyes usually have the appea... | 5 | Photochemistry |
As the Haber–Weiss reaction depends on the presence of both Fe and Fe in solution, its kinetics is influenced by the respective solubilities of both species whose are directly function of the solution pH. As Fe is about 100 times less soluble than Fe in natural waters at near-neutral pH, the ferric ion concentration is... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Traditionally, chemical sensing has been approached with a system that contains a covalently bound indicator to a receptor though a linker. Once the analyte binds, the indicator changes color or fluoresces. This technique is called the indicator-spacer-receptor approach (ISR). In contrast to ISR, indicator-displacement... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
The phrase "cell engineering" was first used in a published paper in 1968 to describe the process of improving fuel cells. The term was then adopted by other papers until the more specific "fuel-cell engineering" was used.
The first use of the term in a biological context was in 1971 in a paper which describes methods ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Carbolithiation is the addition of an organolithium reagent across a carbon-carbon pi-bond. The organolithium reagents used in this transformation can be commercial (such as n-butyllithium) or can be generated through deprotonation or lithium-halogen exchange. Both inter- and intramolecular examples of carbolithiation ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Starting with a technique commonly used to deposit molecules on a solid surface, Langmuir–Blodgett deposition, scientists are able to assemble phospholipid membranes of arbitrary complexity layer by layer. These artificial phospholipid membranes support functional insertion both of purified and of in situ expressed mem... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR, sometimes also noted fAPAR or fPAR) is the fraction of the incoming solar radiation in the photosynthetically active radiation spectral region that is absorbed by a photosynthetic organism, typically describing the light absorption across an integrate... | 5 | Photochemistry |
N1-methyladenosine is a modified nucleoside in which a methyl group is added to N1 of the adenosine base. This modification introduces a positive charge on the nitrogen atom to which the methyl group is added, because the modified nitrogen donates its lone pair to the carbon atom of the methyl group in order to form a ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Le Bel-vant Hoff rule states that for a structure with n asymmetric carbon atoms, there is a maximum of 2 different stereoisomers possible. As an example, -glucose is an aldohexose and has the formula CHO. Four of its six carbon atoms are stereogenic, which means -glucose is one of 2=16 possible stereoisomers. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Upon initial binding to the LRR region of FSHR, FSH reshapes its conformation to form a new pocket. FSHR then inserts its sulfotyrosine from the hinge loop into the pockets and activates the 7-helical transmembrane domain. This event leads to a transduction of the signal that activates the G protein that is bound to ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The developing embryo expresses cannabinoid receptors early in development that are responsive to anandamide secreted in the uterus. This signaling is important in regulating the timing of embryonic implantation and uterine receptivity. In mice, it has been shown that anandamide modulates the probability of implantatio... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The biosynthesis of BC200 RNA occurs at the cell body of a neuron and requires upstream promoter elements, downstream internal promoter elements (intragenic A and B boxes), at least two transcription factor binding sites, a TATA-like sequence, TATA-box binding protein (TBP), and RNA polymerase III.
There is a deletion ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Applied spectroscopy is the application of various spectroscopic methods for the detection and identification of different elements or compounds to solve problems in fields like forensics, medicine, the oil industry, atmospheric chemistry, and pharmacology. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In the Arctic, commercial fisheries are threatened because acidification harms calcifying organisms which form the base of the Arctic food webs (pteropods and brittle stars, see above). Acidification threatens Arctic food webs from the base up. Arctic food webs are considered simple, meaning there are few steps in the... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Monoclonal antibodies are structurally identical immunoglobulin molecules with identical epitope-specificity (all of them bind with the same epitope with same affinity) as against their polyclonal counterparts which have varying affinities for the same epitope.
They are usually not produced in a natural immune response... | 1 | Biochemistry |
*[http://nanocrystallography.research.pdx.edu/search/edu/ Educational Subset of the Crystallography Open Database (EDU-COD)] (specialization: crystal and molecule structures for college education, access: free, size: medium)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070403082355/http://xpdb.nist.gov:8060/BMCD4/ Biological Macrom... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Cyclooxygenase and cytochrome P450 oxidase act upon docosatetraenoic acid to produce dihomoprostaglandins, dihomo-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, and dihomo-EETs. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The substitution of all electronegative substituents in trichloroacetonitrile by nucleophilic attack of alkoxide anions produces orthocarbonic acid esters in high yield.
Due to the high reactivity of the chlorine atoms, trichloroacetonitrile can be used (especially in combination with triphenylphosphine) to convert all... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
For most clinical methods using ICP-MS, there is a relatively simple and quick sample prep process. The main component to the sample is an internal standard, which also serves as the diluent. This internal standard consists primarily of deionized water, with nitric or hydrochloric acid, and Indium and/or Gallium. The... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Compared with vertebrates, insects and crustaceans possess a number of structurally unusual hormones such as the juvenile hormone, a sesquiterpenoid. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Introduced in 2007, ChIP sequencing (ChIP-seq) is a technology that uses chromatin immunoprecipitation to crosslink the proteins of interest to the DNA but then instead of using a micro-array, it uses the more accurate, higher throughput method of sequencing to localize interaction points.
DamID is an alternative metho... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Hot corrosion can affect gas turbines operating in high salt environments (e.g., near the ocean). Salts, including chlorides and sulfates, are ingested by the turbines and deposited in the hot sections of the engine; other elements present in fuels also form salts, e.g. vanadates. The heat from the engine melts these s... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Zinc has been recognized as a messenger, able to activate signalling pathways. Many of these pathways provide the driving force in aberrant cancer growth. They can be targeted through ZIP transporters. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Zinc is an efficient Lewis acid, making it a useful catalytic agent in hydroxylation and other enzymatic reactions. The metal also has a flexible coordination geometry, which allows proteins using it to rapidly shift conformations to perform biological reactions. Two examples of zinc-containing enzymes are carbonic anh... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Aminomethanol or methanolamine is the amino alcohol with the chemical formula of HNCHOH. With an amino group and an alcohol group on the same carbon atom, the compound is also an hemiaminal.
In aqueous solution, methanolamine exists in equilibrium with formaldehyde and ammonia. It is an intermediate en route to hexam... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The conversion to mole fraction is given by
where is the average molar mass of the solution, is the density of the solution.
A simpler relation can be obtained by considering the total molar concentration, namely, the sum of molar concentrations of all the components of the mixture: | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Electrochemical regeneration of activated carbon adsorbents such as granular activated carbon present an alternative to thermal regeneration or land filling at the end of useful adsorbent life. Continuous adsorption-electrochemical regeneration encompasses the adsorption and regeneration steps, typically separated in t... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Amylase also has medical applications in the use of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT). It is one of the components in Sollpura (liprotamase) to help in the breakdown of saccharides into simple sugars. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Organic matter that is deposited in marine sediments contains a key indicator as to its source and the processes it underwent before reaching the floor as well as after deposition, its carbon to nitrogen ratio. In the global oceans, freshly produced algae in the surface ocean typically have a carbon to nitrogen ratio o... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Phosgene oxime, or CX, is an organic compound with the formula . It is a potent chemical weapon, specifically a nettle agent, which is a type of blister agent. The compound itself is a colorless solid, but impure samples are often yellowish liquids. It has a strong, disagreeable and irritating odor. It is used as a rea... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In general, children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals require a lower dose of a pathogenic organism in order to contract an infection. Presently there are very few studies which are able to quantify the amount of time people are likely to spend in recreational waters and how much water they are likely to... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The self-information, also known as the information content of a signal, random variable, or event is defined as the negative logarithm of the probability of the given outcome occurring.
When applied to a discrete random variable, the self-information can be represented as
is the relative entropy of the probability dis... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Peter Trefonas is a son of Louis Marco Trefonas, also a chemist, and Gail Thames. He was inspired by Star Trek and the writings of Isaac Asimov, and created his own chemistry lab at home.
Trefonas attended the University of New Orleans, receiving his Bachelor of Science in chemistry in 1980.
While an undergraduate, Tre... | 5 | Photochemistry |
The term restriction enzyme originated from the studies of phage λ, a virus that infects bacteria, and the phenomenon of host-controlled restriction and modification of such bacterial phage or bacteriophage. The phenomenon was first identified in work done in the laboratories of Salvador Luria, Jean Weigle and Giuseppe... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The AFM was invented by IBM scientists in 1985. The precursor to the AFM, the scanning tunneling microscope (STM), was developed by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer in the early 1980s at IBM Research – Zurich, a development that earned them the 1986 Nobel Prize for Physics. Binnig invented the atomic force microscope an... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Sperm DNA fragmentation appears to be an important factor in the cause of male infertility, since men with high DNA fragmentation levels have significantly lower odds of conceiving. Oxidative stress is the major cause of DNA fragmentation in spermatozoa. A high level of the oxidative DNA damage 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Signal transducing histidine kinases are the key elements in two-component signal transduction systems. Examples of histidine kinases are EnvZ, which plays a central role in osmoregulation, and CheA, which plays a central role in the chemotaxis system. Histidine kinases usually have an N-terminal ligand-binding domain ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
While there are many methods of detecting fake precious metals, there are realistically only two options available for verifying the marked fineness of metal as being reasonably accurate: assaying the metal (which requires destroying it), or using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). XRF will measure only the outermost portion of... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Biotribocorrosion covers the science of surface transformations resulting from the interactions of mechanical loading and chemical/electrochemical reactions that occur between elements of a tribological system exposed to biological environments. It has been studied for artificial joint prostheses. It is important to u... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Aggregates that sink more quickly to the bottom of the ocean have a greater chance of exporting carbon to the deep sea floor. The longer the residence time in the water column the greater the chance of being grazed upon. Aggregates formed in high dust areas are able to increase their densities faster and in more superf... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Other common ylides include sulfonium ylides and sulfoxonium ylides; for instance, the Corey-Chaykovsky reagent used in the preparation of epoxides or in the Stevens rearrangement. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
* Nano- and bio-organic materials: production, synthesis, structure and properties, diagnostic methods using X-ray and synchrotron radiation, electrons, neutrons and atomic force microscopy
* Fundamental aspects of the formation of crystalline materials and nanosystems, their real structure and properties
* Creation an... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The Zimmermann reagent is used as a simple spot-test used in chromatography to presumptively identify alkaloids, especially benzodiazepines, as well as other compounds. It is therefore used in drugs testing.
It is a two-component reagent, with the first component composed of 1,3-dinitrobenzene (1% w/v) in methanol and ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The isolobal analogy can also be used with isoelectronic fragments having the same coordination number, which allows charged species to be considered. For example, Re(CO) is isolobal with CH and therefore, [Ru(CO)] and [Mo(CO)] are also isolobal with CH. Any 17-electron metal complex would be isolobal in this example.
... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
As DNA printing and DNA assembly methods have allowed commercial gene synthesis to become progressively and exponentially cheaper over the past years, artificial gene synthesis represents a powerful and flexible engineering tool for creating and designing new DNA sequences and protein functions. Besides synthetic biolo... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A (water-splitting) photoelectrolytic cell electrolizes water into hydrogen and oxygen gas by irradiating the anode with electromagnetic radiation, that is, with light. This has been referred to as artificial photosynthesis and has been suggested as a way of storing solar energy in hydrogen for use as fuel.
Incoming su... | 5 | Photochemistry |
In a system of Euclidean spatial dimension that has an arbitrary number of components, the sum is made over all the constituents. and are respectively the fraction and the conductivity of each component, and is the effective conductivity of the medium. (The sum over the 's is unity.) | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The following excerpt from Takashi Fujii (1960) summarises well the limits of the Vegard’s law in the context of mineralogy and also makes the link with the Gladstone–Dale equation: | 8 | Metallurgy |
CSPD ([3-(1-chloro-3-methoxyspiro[adamantane-4,4-dioxetane]-3'-yl)phenyl] dihydrogen phosphate) is a chemical substance with formula CHClOP. It is a component of enhanced chemiluminescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, used for the detection of minute amounts of various substances such as proteins. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Vomiting agents are chemical weapon agents causing vomiting. Prolonged exposure can be lethal. They were used for the first time during WWI. | 1 | Biochemistry |
In photosynthesis, state transitions are rearrangements of the photosynthetic apparatus which occur on short time-scales (seconds to minutes). The effect is prominent in cyanobacteria, whereby the phycobilisome light-harvesting antenna complexes alter their preference for transfer of excitation energy between the two ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Bioinformatic analysis identified four methyltransferases within the cluster. Bioinformatics suggest that btmB, is an O-methyltransferase, while the other three, btmC, G and K, are radical S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) methyltransferases. The radical SAM methyltransferases are believed to β-methylate amino acid residues ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Mediator was originally discovered because it was important for RNA polymerase II function, but it has many more functions than just interactions at the transcription start site. | 1 | Biochemistry |
There are two types of target peptides directing to peroxisome, which are called peroxisomal targeting signals (PTS). One is PTS1, which is made of three amino acids on the C-terminus. The other is PTS2, which is made of a 9-amino-acid sequence often present on the N-terminus of the protein. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The gene for EH4, EPHX4, is projected to encode an epoxide hydrolase closely related in amino acid sequence and structure to mEH, sEH, and EH3. The activity and function of EH4 has not yet been defined. | 1 | Biochemistry |
In genetics, an operon is a functioning unit of DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter. The genes are transcribed together into an mRNA strand and either translated together in the cytoplasm, or undergo splicing to create monocistronic mRNAs that are translated separately, i.e. several... | 1 | Biochemistry |
While univesicular release is still believed to make up a substantial portion of transmitter release events, large fluctuations in postsynaptic cell current measurements and high transmitter concentration in some synapses have led to the hypothesis that multiple vesicles can be released per active zone with each actio... | 1 | Biochemistry |
PABPII, or polyadenine binding protein II, is a protein involved in the assembly of the polyadenine tail added to newly synthesized pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules during the process of gene transcription. It is a regulatory protein that controls the rate at which polyadenine polymerase (PAP) adds adenine nucleotide... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Chloromethane and bromomethane are used to introduce methyl groups in organic synthesis. Chlorodifluoromethane is the main precursor of tetrafluoroethylene, which is the monomeric precursor to Teflon. | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Within a homogeneous media such as a solution, there is no scatter. For this case, the function is linear with both the concentration of the absorbing species and the path-length. Additionally, the contributions of individual absorbing species are additive. For samples which scatter light, absorbance is defined as "... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
IEC/RP MMC combines the advantages of RPLC and IEC. For example, WAX/RP has increased separation power and degree of freedom in adjusting the separation selectivity when compared with single WAX or RPLC. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
There is significant correlation of phosphorylated mTOR with the survival rate for patients with stages I and II TNBC. A patient-derived xenograft TNBC model testing the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin showed 77–99% tumor-growth inhibition, which is significantly more than has been seen with doxorubicin; protein phosphorylati... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Biological probe or bio-probes are used to collect samples for microbiological analysis. Microorganisms can accelerate the corrosion process, so monitoring the corrosion caused by them is effective in timely notification and preventive measures. | 8 | Metallurgy |
The photosynthesis process in chloroplasts begins when an electron of P680 of PSII attains a higher-energy level. This energy is used to reduce a chain of electron acceptors that have subsequently higher redox potentials. This chain of electron acceptors is known as an electron transport chain. When this chain reaches ... | 5 | Photochemistry |
The Couette flow orientation system is the most widely used method of sample orientation for UV LD. It has a number of characteristics which make it highly suitable as a method of sample alignment. Couette flow is currently the only established means of orientating molecules in the solution phase. This method also r... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Since Ca is a common second messenger, GCaMP has been used to monitor the activation of signaling pathways. For instance, Bonder and McCarthy (2014) used GCaMP to show that astrocytic G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling and subsequent Ca release was not responsible for neurovascular coupling, the process by whi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Both singlet oxygen states have no unpaired electrons and therefore no net electron spin. The Δ is however paramagnetic as shown by the observation of an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum. The paramagnetism of the Δ state is due to a net orbital (and not spin) electronic angular momentum. In a magnetic fie... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
*Bailyn, M. (1994). A Survey of Thermodynamics, American Institute of Physics Press, New York, .
*Beattie, J.A., Oppenheim, I. (1979). Principles of Thermodynamics, Elsevier, Amsterdam, .
*Born, M. (1921). Kritische Betrachtungen zur traditionellen Darstellung der Thermodynamik, Physik. Zeitschr. 22: 218–224.
*Bryan, G... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Harris was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2002. Besides, he is also a member the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Physical Society, and the Optical Society of America. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Similarity between enzymatic reactions ([http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/ EC]) can be calculated by using bond changes, reaction centres or substructure metrics ([http://www.ebi.ac.uk/thornton-srv/software/rbl/ EC-BLAST] ). | 1 | Biochemistry |
The reagent is prepared from trimethylsilyl chloride and bromotrifluoromethane in the presence of a phosphorus(III) reagent that serves as a halogen acceptor. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The dimer, digold hexabromide, has structural properties similar to those of the other gold trihalide dimeric compounds, such as gold(III) chloride. The gold centers exhibit square planar coordination with bond angles of roughly 90 degrees.
Calculations indicate that in the hypothetical monomeric forms of the gold trih... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Glycolipids are lipids with a carbohydrate attached by a glycosidic (covalent) bond. Their role is to maintain the stability of the cell membrane and to facilitate cellular recognition, which is crucial to the immune response and in the connections that allow cells to connect to one another to form tissues. Glycolipids... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Schisandrins (schizandrins) are a group of bioactive chemical compounds found in Schisandra rubriflora, Schisandra sphenanthera, and Schisandra chinensis. Schizandrin is a tannin. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Compounds derived from various transition metal carbonyl complexes are organometallic representatives with somewhat unusual cyclic structure and electronics. Such a representative is given in the form of the paramagnetic, ten-electron, tetrahedral [CpCo][Bi{Co(CO)}] complex.
Additionally, clusters like closo-[BiCr(CO)... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Panel edge staining is the by-product of the build-up of dirt and pollution. It is especially more noticeable on buildings using metallic façades in Asia, and regions close to the equator (such as Florida or South East Asia), as higher rates of air pollution, high levels of humidity and consistent rainfall encourage p... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) allows the precise measurement of mixtures of naturally occurring isotopes. Most instruments used for precise determination of isotope ratios are of the magnetic sector type. This type of analyzer is superior to the quadrupole type in this field of research for two reasons. Fi... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The dienone–phenol rearrangement is a reaction in organic chemistry first reported in 1921 by Karl von Auwers and Karl Ziegler. A common example of dienone–phenol rearrangement is 4,4-disubstituted converting into a stable 3,4-disubstituted phenol in presence of acid. A similar rearrangement is possible with a 2,2-dis... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The expression vector is transformed or transfected into the host cell for protein synthesis. Some expression vectors may have elements for transformation or the insertion of DNA into the host chromosome, for example the vir genes for plant transformation, and integrase sites for chromosomal integration .
Some vectors ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) is encoded by three genes: CepA, CepB, and CepC. CepA links the first three amino acids; CepB adds the fourth to sixth amino acids; CepC adds the last amino acid and includes a thioesterase domain to release the heptapeptide from the NRPS complex. The growing peptide chain is p... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Similarly to the resolving power of a diffraction grating, which is determined by the number of the illuminated grating elements and the order of diffraction, the resolving power of a VIPA is determined by the reflectivity of the back surface of the VIPA and the thickness of the glass plate. For a fixed thickness, a hi... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A group of distinguished scientists from the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) did a recent study on how laminin-111 interacts with the cytoplasmic protein, actin. Their study gave the following conclusions:
The biological process in which a cell ceases to continue g... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Widely known methods of structural investigation, such as mass-spectrometry and X-ray analysis are only limitedly applicable to carbohydrates. Such structural studies, such as sequence determination or identification of new monosaccharides, benefit the most from the NMR spectroscopy.
Absolute configuration and polymeri... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A "photoelectrochemical cell" is one of two distinct classes of device. The first produces electrical energy similarly to a dye-sensitized photovoltaic cell, which meets the standard definition of a photovoltaic cell. The second is a photoelectrolytic cell, that is, a device which uses light incident on a photosensiti... | 5 | Photochemistry |
In polymer chemistry, branching is the regular or irregular attachment of side chains to a polymer's backbone chain. It occurs by the replacement of a substituent (e.g. a hydrogen atom) on a monomer subunit by another covalently-bonded chain of that polymer; or, in the case of a graft copolymer, by a chain of another t... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The principle of the electron was first theorised in the period of 1838-1851 by a natural philosopher by the name of Richard Laming who speculated the existence of sub-atomic, unit charged particles; he also pictured the atom as being an electrosphere of concentric shells of electrical particles surrounding a material ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
It is useful to distinguish between global and local thermodynamic equilibrium. In thermodynamics, exchanges within a system and between the system and the outside are controlled by intensive parameters. As an example, temperature controls heat exchanges. Global thermodynamic equilibrium (GTE) means that those intensiv... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The technology is designed primarily for government use, specifically on equipment such as tactical vehicles, ship surfaces, and weapons. The primary objective of CIDAS is the capability to detect trace levels of chemical warfare agents on surfaces before and after personnel decontaminate the surfaces "during Detailed ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The first organoniobium compound fully characterized was , however the paramagnetic Nb(IV) metallocenes such as niobocene dichloride are more prevalent. Complexes are typically prepared by treatment of with NaCp to form the bis(cyclopentadienyl) complex followed by further functionalization. Derivatives of pentamethyl... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The EPA National Exposure Research Laboratory can designate a measurement device using an established technological basis as a Federal Reference Method (FRM) to certify that the device has undergone a testing and analysis protocol, and can be used to monitor NAAQS compliance. Devices based on new technologies can be d... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Primary Infrastructure
The primary infrastructure of RSN consists of seven primary nodes which were installed in 2012 by [http://www.l-3mps.com/maripro/index.aspx L-3 Maripro]. They are terminal points which help distribute power and bandwidth to the networks of deployed sensors.
Approximately 900 kilometers of cable ... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The modifications try to account for the points mentioned in above section like surface roughness, inhomogeneity, and adsorbate–adsorbate interactions. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
* Ammonium dichromate on heating yields nitrogen, water and chromium(III) oxide.
* Ammonium nitrate on strong heating yields dinitrogen oxide ("laughing gas") and water.
* Ammonium nitrite on heating yields nitrogen gas and water.
* Barium azide on heating yields barium metal and nitrogen gas.
* Sodium azide on heating... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The L-A dsRNA virus of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a single 4.6 kb genomic segment that encodes its major coat protein, Gag (76 kDa) and a Gag-Pol fusion protein (180 kDa) formed by a -1 ribosomal frameshift. L-A can support the replication and encapsidation in separate viral particles of any of several sat... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Several sources have reported that Fraser-Reid was nominated in 1998 for a Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work on oligosaccharides and immune responses. This statement cannot be verified since the names of the nominees are never publicly announced, and neither are they told that they have been considered for the Priz... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Following application of the patch to humans, an average of 25% to 30% of the selegiline content is delivered systemically over 24 hours. Transdermal dosing results in significantly higher exposure to selegiline and lower exposure to all metabolites when compared to oral dosing; this is due to the extensive first-pass ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Besides the motor proteins above, there are many more types of proteins capable of generating forces and torque in the cell. Many of these molecular motors are ubiquitous in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, although some, such as those involved with cytoskeletal elements or chromatin, are unique to eukaryotes. T... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
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