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Phenolics are formed by three different biosynthetic pathways: (i) the shikimate/chorizmate or succinylbenzoate pathway, which produces the phenyl propanoid derivatives (C6–C3); (ii) the acetate/malonate or polyketide pathway, which produces the side-chain-elongated phenyl propanoids, including the large group of flavo... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Aminolevulinic acid is being studied for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in a number of types of cancer. It is not currently a first line treatment for Barrett's esophagus. Its use in brain cancer is currently experimental. It has been studied in a number of gynecological cancers.
Aminolevulinic acid is indicated in adults ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Alzheimers disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. AD is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of cognitive functioning - thinking, remembering and reasoning- and behavioral abilities to such an extent that it interferes with a persons daily life and activities. The neuropathol... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Ovarian hyperstimulation is the stimulation to induce development of multiple follicles of the ovaries. It should start with response prediction by e.g. age, antral follicle count and level of anti-Müllerian hormone. The resulting prediction of e.g. poor or hyper-response to ovarian hyperstimulation determines the prot... | 1 | Biochemistry |
For mesons whose constituents are a heavy quark and its own antiquark (quarkonium) the same notation applies as for atomic states. However, uppercase letters are used.
Furthermore, the first number is (as in nuclear physics) where is the number of nodes in the radial wave function, while in atomic physics is used. H... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Generally distinct types of unsaturated organic compounds are recognized.
For hydrocarbons:
*alkene (unsaturated) vs alkane (saturated)
*alkyne (unsaturated) vs alkane (saturated)
*arene (unsaturated) vs cycloalkane (saturated)
For organic compounds containing heteroatoms (other than C and H), the list of unsaturated... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Upon cell entry, a tether about 24 nucleotides in length that attaches the viral protein NS1, essential in replication, to the virion is cleaved off the virion to be reattached later. After cell entry, virions accumulate in the cell nucleus while the genome is still contained within the capsid. These capsids may be rec... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Tehshik Peter Yoon (born 20 June 1975) is a Canadian-born chemist who studies the new reaction methods for organic synthesis with the use of catalysis. Yoon currently is a professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the chemistry department. For his contributions to science, he has received numerous awards incl... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
For SNP annotation, many kinds of genetic and genomic information are used. Based on the different features used by each annotation tool, SNP annotation methods may be split roughly into the following categories: | 1 | Biochemistry |
MFGM lipid components such as sphingomyelin and gangliosides are highly concentrated in the brain and support synaptogenesis and myelination. In the central nervous system, sphingomyelin is a key component of the myelin sheath, which insulates axons and supports efficient transmission of nerve impulses. During myelinat... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Numerous niche applications exploit the intense color of MG. It is used as a biological stain for microscopic analysis of cell biology and tissue samples. In the Gimenez staining method, basic fuchsin stains bacteria red or magenta, and malachite green is used as a blue-green counterstain. Malachite green is also used ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
One can determine indirectly (via its relation with the structure factor ) using neutron scattering or x-ray scattering data. The technique can be used at very short length scales (down to the atomic level) but involves significant space and time averaging (over the sample size and the acquisition time, respectively).... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, sulfonic acid (or sulphonic acid) refers to a member of the class of organosulfur compounds with the general formula , where R is an organic alkyl or aryl group and the group a sulfonyl hydroxide. As a substituent, it is known as a sulfo group. A sulfonic acid can be thought of as sulfuric acid ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Spiro compounds (compounds with a twisted structure of two or more rings) can have inherent chirality at the spiroatom, due to the twisting of the achiral ring system.
Inherently chiral alkenes have been synthesized through the use of a "buckle" where in an achiral, linear alkene is forced into a chiral conformation. ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Konstantinos Drosatos (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Δροσάτος), born in Athens, Greece, is a Greek-American molecular biologist, who is the Ohio Eminent Scholar and Professor of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine in Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S. His parents were Georgios Drosatos an... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In organic chemistry, transannular strain (also called Prelog strain after chemist Vladimir Prelog) is the unfavorable interactions of ring substituents on non-adjacent carbons. These interactions, called transannular interactions, arise from a lack of space in the interior of the ring, which forces substituents into c... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Stereoscopic spectroscopy is a type of imaging spectroscopy that can extract a few spectral parameters over a complete image plane simultaneously. A stereoscopic spectrograph is similar to a normal spectrograph except that (A) it has no slit, and (B) multiple spectral orders (often including the non-dispersed zero ord... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
An adsorption isotherm depicts the relation between the quantity adsorbate and the bulk phase pressure (or density) at equilibrium for a constant temperature. It is a dataset of specified adsorption equilibrium. Such equilibrium data are required for optimal design of process relying on adsorption and are considered fu... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Alsevers solution is a saline liquid used to prevent coagulation of blood. It is composed of 2.05% dextrose, 0.8% sodium citrate, 0.055% citric acid, and 0.42% sodium chloride. For usage, an equal volume of blood is gently, but thoroughly, mixed with the solution. This solution is used to study in vitro' anti-inflammat... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The surface plasmon polariton is a non-radiative electromagnetic surface wave that propagates in a direction parallel to the negative permittivity/dielectric material interface. Since the wave is on the boundary of the conductor and the external medium (air, water or vacuum for example), these oscillations are very se... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Although the presence of carbon in the Earths core is well-constrained, recent studies suggest large inventories of carbon could be stored in this region. Shear (S) waves moving through the inner core travel at about fifty percent of the velocity expected for most iron-rich alloys. Because the cores composition is beli... | 5 | Photochemistry |
The potential role of bioaerosols in climate change offers an abundance of research opportunities. Specific areas of study include monitoring bioaerosol impacts on different ecosystems and using meteorological data to forecast ecosystem changes. Determining global interactions is possible through methods like collectin... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Most of the air—including ~88% of the CO—is located in the lower part of the atmosphere known as troposphere. The troposphere is thicker in the equator and thinner at the poles, but the global mean of its thickness is around 11 km.
Inside the troposphere, the temperature drops approximately linearly at a rate of 6.5 Ce... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The compound is prepared by adding hexafluoropropene to a solution of diethylamine in ether at 0 °C and distilling the product in vacuo. The amount of enamine in the product depends on temperature control during the reaction – the higher the temperature the more enamine. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
As the name suggests, hepatocyte nuclear factors are expressed predominantly in the liver. However HNFs are also expressed and play important roles in a number of other tissues so that the name hepatocyte nuclear factor is somewhat misleading. Nevertheless, the liver is the only tissue in which a significant number o... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Bioaerosols include fungi, bacteria, viruses, and pollen. Their concentrations are greatest in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and decrease with altitude. Survival rate of bioaerosols depends on a number of biotic and abiotic factors which include climatic conditions, ultraviolet (UV) light, temperature and humidity... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Autoinducers are signaling molecules that are produced in response to changes in cell-population density. As the density of quorum sensing bacterial cells increases so does the concentration of the autoinducer. Detection of signal molecules by bacteria acts as stimulation which leads to altered gene expression once t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Nucleic acids, so-called because of their prevalence in cellular nuclei, is the generic name of the family of biopolymers. They are complex, high-molecular-weight biochemical macromolecules that can convey genetic information in all living cells and viruses. The monomers are called nucleotides, and each consists of thr... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The hydrogen is catalytically reacted with nitrogen (derived from process air) to form anhydrous liquid ammonia. It is difficult and expensive, as lower temperatures result in slower reaction kinetics (hence a slower reaction rate) and high pressure requires high-strength pressure vessels that resist hydrogen embrittle... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The vortex tube was invented in 1931 by French physicist Georges J. Ranque. It was rediscovered by Paul Dirac in 1934 while he was searching for a device to perform isotope separation, leading to development of the Helikon vortex separation process. German physicist improved the design and published a widely read pape... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In chemistry, coordination number, defined originally in 1893 by Alfred Werner, is the total number of neighbors of a central atom in a molecule or ion. The concept is most commonly applied to coordination complexes. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Apoaequorin is an ingredient in "Prevagen", which is marketed by Quincy Bioscience as a memory supplement. In 2017, the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) charged the maker with falsely advertising that the product improves memory, provides cognitive benefits, and is "clinically shown" to work. According to the FTC, "th... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Intermediate band photovoltaics in solar cell research provides methods for exceeding the Shockley–Queisser limit on the efficiency of a cell. It introduces an intermediate band (IB) energy level in between the valence and conduction bands. Theoretically, introducing an IB allows two photons with energy less than the b... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
-Mycosamine is an amino sugar found in several polyene antimycotics. Structural analogs of these agents lacking this monosaccharide component do not exhibit substantial antifungal activity. | 1 | Biochemistry |
One important factor in gene delivery is developing altered cell tropisms to narrow or broaden rAAV-mediated gene delivery and to increase its efficiency in tissues. Specific properties like capsid conformation, cell targeting strategies can determine which cell types are affected and also the efficiency of the gene tr... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A recently described method by Ehrich et al. further takes advantage of bisulfite-conversions by adding a base-specific cleavage step to enhance the information gained from the nucleotide changes. By first using in vitro transcription of the region of interest into RNA (by adding an RNA polymerase promoter site to the... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A spectral energy distribution (SED) is a plot of energy versus frequency or wavelength of light (not to be confused with a spectrum of flux density vs frequency or wavelength). It is used in many branches of astronomy to characterize astronomical sources. For example, in radio astronomy they are used to show the emi... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Airborne sawdust and sawdust accumulations present a number of health and safety hazards. Wood dust becomes a potential health problem when, for example, the wood particles, from processes such as sanding, become airborne and are inhaled. Wood dust is a known human carcinogen. Certain woods and their dust contain toxin... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Iodate is part of a series of oxyacids in which iodine can assume oxidation states of −1, +1, +3, +5, or +7. A number of neutral iodine oxides are also known. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
For phonon-phonon scattering, effects by normal processes (processes which conserve the phonon wave vector - N processes) are ignored in favor of Umklapp processes (U processes). Since normal processes vary linearly with and umklapp processes vary with , Umklapp scattering dominates at high frequency. is given by:
wh... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
An example of an autocrine agent is the cytokine interleukin-1 in monocytes. When interleukin-1 is produced in response to external stimuli, it can bind to cell-surface receptors on the same cell that produced it.
Another example occurs in activated T cell lymphocytes, i.e., when a T cell is induced to mature by bindin... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Hydrophobic interactions are essentially entropic interactions basically due to order/disorder phenomena in an aqueous medium. The free energy associated with minimizing interfacial areas is responsible for minimizing the surface area of water droplets and air bubbles in water. This same principle is the reason that ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The necessity for a subject to exert maximum effort in order to accurately measure V̇O max can be dangerous in those with compromised respiratory or cardiovascular systems; thus, sub-maximal tests for estimating V̇O max have been developed. | 1 | Biochemistry |
A preprohormone is the precursor protein to one or more prohormones, which are in turn precursors to peptide hormones. In general, the protein consists of the amino acid chain that is created by the hormone-secreting cell, before any changes have been made to it. It contains a signal peptide, the hormone(s) itself (the... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Accessory gene regulator (agr) is a complex 5 gene locus that is a global regulator of virulence in Staphylococcus aureus. It encodes a two-component transcriptional quorum-sensing (QS) system activated by an autoinducing, thiolactone-containing cyclic peptide (AIP).
Agr occurs in 4 allelic subtypes that have an import... | 1 | Biochemistry |
FAST pertains to a chemical-genetic strategy for specific labeling of proteins. A peptide domain, called "tag", is genetically encoded to be bound to a protein of interest (by combination of their respective genes by means of transfection or infection). This tag is the anchor for a synthetic fluorescent probe to be f... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Some types of separation require complete purification of a certain component. An example is the production of aluminum metal from bauxite ore through electrolysis refining. In contrast, an incomplete separation process may specify an output to consist of a mixture instead of a single pure component. A good example of ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Although they have excellent environmental credentials, waterborne polyurethane dispersions tend to suffer from lower mechanical strength than other resins. The use of polycarbonate based polyols in the synthesis can help overcome this weakness. The wear and corrosion resistance is also not as good and hence they are o... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
It is understood that rearrangement occurs between specific sites on the DNA called recombination signal sequences (RSSs). The signal sequences are composed of a conserved palindromic heptamer and a conserved AT- rich nonamer. These signal sequences are separated by non-conserved spacers of 12 or 23 base pairs called ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Knowles began his career in 1991 with a research fellowship at St Catharines College, Cambridge, before moving to New Zealand to work as a research and consultancy metallurgist for Industrial Research Ltd between 1993 and 1995. He then returned to the University of Cambridge in 1995 to take up a post as lecturer in Mec... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Hydroamination could find applications due to the valuable nature of the resulting amine, as well as the greenness of the process. Functionalized allylamines, which can be produced through hydroamination, have extensive pharmaceutical application, although presently such species are not prepared by hydroamination. Hyd... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Antisense RNA is the non-coding and single-stranded RNA that is complementary to a coding sequence of mRNA. It inhibits the ability of mRNA to be translated into proteins. Short antisense RNA transcripts are produced within the nucleus by the action of the enzyme Dicer, which cleaves double-stranded RNA precursors into... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The New Zealand Association of Scientists awarded Halton its Research Medal in 1974, and the Shorland Medal in 2001. In 1980, he received the ICI Medal for excellence in chemical research from the NZIC. Halton was elected a Fellow of the New Zealand Institute of Chemistry in 1977, and a Fellow of the Royal Society of N... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A core-excited shape resonance is a shape resonance in a system with more than one degree of freedom where, after fragmentation, one of the fragments is in an excited state. It is sometimes very difficult to distinguish a core-excited shape resonance from a Feshbach resonance. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In 1966, Harry G. Hecht (with Wesley W. Wendlandt) published a book entitled "Reflectance Spectroscopy", because "unlike transmittance spectroscopy, there were no reference books written on the subject" of "diffuse reflectance spectroscopy", and "the fundamentals were only to be found in the old literature, some of whi... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) molecules are tumour-derived cell-free DNA (cfDNA) circulating in the bloodstream and are not associated with cells. CtDNA primarily arises from chromatin fragmentation accompanying tumour cell death and can be extracted by liquid biopsy. CtDNA analysis has been implemented for noninvasiv... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The citrate test detects the ability of an organism to use citrate as the sole source of carbon and energy. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The low cost ($200/ton) and high cycle rate (2,000 ×) of synthetic zeolites such as Linde 13X with water adsorbate has garnered much academic and commercial interest recently for use for thermal energy storage (TES), specifically of low-grade solar and waste heat. Several pilot projects have been funded in the EU from ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The aluminothermic reaction is used for the production of several ferroalloys, for example ferroniobium from niobium pentoxide and ferrovanadium from iron, vanadium(V) oxide, and aluminium. The process begins with the reduction of the oxide by the aluminium:
:3 VO + 10 Al → 5 AlO + 6 V
Other metals can be produc... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Since carbon dioxide and oxygen compete at the active site of RuBisCO, carbon fixation by RuBisCO can be enhanced by increasing the carbon dioxide level in the compartment containing RuBisCO (chloroplast stroma). Several times during the evolution of plants, mechanisms have evolved for increasing the level of carbon di... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Generally, chemical deposition uses liquid or vapor phases to deposit inorganic materials or halides onto surfaces as thin films. Reagents are supplied in the appropriate stoichiometric amounts to react on the surface. Types of chemical deposition include chemical vapor deposition, chemical bath deposition, and electro... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The behavior of Grignard reagents can be usefully modified in the present of other metals. Copper(I) salts give
organocuprates that preferentially effect 1,4 addition. Cerium trichloride allows selective 1,2-additions to the same substrates. Nickel and palladium halides catalyze cross coupling reactions. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Some representative examples of Crich’s β-mannosylation are shown in Scheme 3. It is noteworthy that, with this method in hand, primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols (9, 12, and 13) all serve as glycosyl acceptors effectively in terms of yields and selectivity. In a recent version, the β-mannosylation of thioglycos... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Nitrogen-containing explosophores (groups I, II and III below) are particularly strong because in addition to providing oxygen they react to form molecular nitrogen, which is a very stable molecule, and thus the overall reaction is strongly exothermic. The gas formed also expands, causing the shock wave which is obser... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Organic mixed valence compounds are also known. Mixed valency in fact seems to be required for organic compounds to exhibit electrical conductivity. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Carbamylation of the ε-amino group of Lys210 is stabilized by coordination with the . This reaction involves binding of the carboxylate termini of Asp203 and Glu204 to the ion. The substrate RuBP binds displacing two of the three aquo ligands. | 5 | Photochemistry |
The number of essentially different kinds of constituents in a crystal tends to be small. The repeating units will tend to be identical because each atom in the structure is most stable in a specific environment. There may be two or three types of polyhedra, such as tetrahedra or octahedra, but there will not be many d... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Minimizing harmful exposure to pesticides can be achieved by proper use of personal protective equipment, adequate reentry times into recently sprayed areas, and effective product labeling for hazardous substances as per FIFRA regulations. Training high-risk populations, including agricultural workers, on the proper us... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The relation between partial molar properties and the apparent ones can be derived from the definition of the apparent quantities and of the molality.
The relation holds also for multicomponent mixtures, just that in this case subscript i is required. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Thomsen parameters are dimensionless combinations of elastic moduli that characterize transversely isotropic materials, which are encountered, for example, in geophysics. In terms of the components of the elastic stiffness matrix, these parameters are defined as:
where index 3 indicates the axis of symmetry () . Thes... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The special cases of 2D (wallpaper groups) and 3D (space groups) are most heavily used in applications, and they can be treated together. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Amine alkylation (amino-dehalogenation) is a type of organic reaction between an alkyl halide and ammonia or an amine. The reaction is called nucleophilic aliphatic substitution (of the halide), and the reaction product is a higher substituted amine. The method is widely used in the laboratory, but less so industriall... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Homologous desensitization occurs when a receptor decreases its response to an agonist at high concentration. It is a process through which, after prolonged agonist exposure, the receptor is uncoupled from its signaling cascade and thus the cellular effect of receptor activation is attenuated.
Homologous desensitizatio... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Heat transfer coefficient due to nucleate boiling increases with wall superheat until they reach a certain point. When the applied heat flux exceeds the certain limit, heat transfer capability of the flow decreases or significantly drops. Normally, the critical heat flux corresponds to DNB in PWR and dryout in BWR. The... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Ge-V is predicted to consist of one germanium atom situated between two adjacent lattice vacancies and have the same D point group symmetry as SiV. It has a single ZPL at 602 nm (2.059 eV) at room-temperature, which splits into two components separated by 0.67 meV at low-temperatures (10 K). The Ge-V has an excited sta... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Detected as enhanced absorptive or emissive signals in the NMR spectra of the reaction products, CIDNP has been exploited for the last 30 years to characterise transient free radicals and their reaction mechanisms. In certain cases, CIDNP also offers the possibility of large improvements in NMR sensitivity. The princip... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The aim is to find new compounds or agents with improved properties such as a new mode of action or lower application rate. Another aim is to replace older pesticides which have been banned for reasons of toxicity or environmental harm or have become less effective due to development of resistance.
The process starts w... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Arrhenius plots, which are used to represent the effects of temperature on the rates of chemical and biophysical processes and on various transport phenomena in materials science, may exhibit deviations from linearity. Account of curvature is provided here by a formula, which involves a deformation of the exponential f... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Gram-negative bacteria produce N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHL) as their signaling molecule. Usually AHLs do not need additional processing, and bind directly to transcription factors to regulate gene expression.
Some gram-negative bacteria may use the two-component system as well. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The allosteric model suggests that termination occurs due to the structural change of the RNA polymerase unit after binding to or losing some of its associated proteins, making it detach from the DNA strand after the signal. This would occur after the RNA pol II unit has transcribed the poly-A signal sequence, which ac... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Charles' law states that:
Therefore,
* , or
* , or
where "V" is the volume of a gas, "T" is the absolute temperature and k is a proportionality constant (which is not the same as the proportionality constants in the other equations in this article). | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The basic oxygen process developed outside of traditional "big steel" environment. It was developed and refined by a single man, Swiss engineer Robert Durrer, and commercialized by two small steel companies in allied-occupied Austria, which had not yet recovered from the destruction of World War II.
In 1856, Henry Bess... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The Beilstein database is a database in the field of organic chemistry, in which compounds are uniquely identified by their Beilstein Registry Number. The database covers the scientific literature from 1771 to the present and contains experimentally validated information on millions of chemical reactions and substances... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Additionally, pH levels control specificity of substrate binding by malate dehydrogenase due to proton transfer in the catalytic mechanism. A histidine moiety with a pK value of 7.5 has been suggested to play a role in the pH-dependency of the enzyme. Studies have indicated that the binding of the enol form oxaloacetat... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Imidoyl chlorides are useful intermediates in the syntheses of several compounds, including imidates, thioimidates, amidines, and imidoyl cyanides. Most of these syntheses involve replacing the chloride with alcohols, thiols, amines, and cyanates, respectively. Imidoyl chlorides can also undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Sulfur isotope biogeochemistry is the study of the distribution of sulfur isotopes in biological and geological materials. In addition to its common isotope, S, sulfur has three rare stable isotopes: S, S, and S. The distribution of these isotopes in the environment is controlled by many biochemical and physical proces... | 9 | Geochemistry |
A research group led by Professor Lars Berglund from Swedish KTH University along with a University of Maryland research group led by Professor Liangbing Hu have developed a method to remove the color and some chemicals from small blocks of wood, followed by adding polymers, such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The haloalkanes (also known as halogenoalkanes or alkyl halides) are alkanes containing one or more halogen substituents. They are a subset of the general class of halocarbons, although the distinction is not often made. Haloalkanes are widely used commercially. They are used as flame retardants, fire extinguishants, r... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A Surface Force Apparatus uses piezoelectric positioning elements (in addition to conventional motors for coarse adjustments), and senses the distance between the surfaces using optical interferometry. Using these sensitive elements, the device can resolve distances to within 0.1 nanometer, and forces at the 10 N level... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Rose's metal has several common uses:
#As a solder. It was used to secure cast iron railings and balusters in pockets in stone bases and steps.
#As a heat transfer medium in heating baths.
#As a malleable filling to prevent tubes and pipes from crimping when bent. Roses metal is melted and poured into the tube. It then... | 8 | Metallurgy |
POU class 1 homeobox 1, also known as pituitary-specific positive transcription factor 1 (PIT1), POU domain, class 1, transcription factor 1 (POU1F1) and growth hormone factor 1 (GHF1), is a transcription factor for growth hormone encoded by the gene POU1F1. | 1 | Biochemistry |
FSP has benefits for when two materials' would be needed to be mixed. “FSP is a short route, solid state processing technique with one-step processing that achieves microstructural refinement densification and homogeneity” (Ma) FSW helps modify materials so that metaling down or changing the material drastically does n... | 8 | Metallurgy |
In organic chemistry, hemithioacetals (or thiohemiacetals) are organosulfur compounds with the general formula . They are the sulfur analogues of the acetals, , with an oxygen atom replaced by sulfur (as implied by the thio- prefix). Because they consist of four differing substituents on a single carbon, hemithioacetal... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
As shunt resistance decreases, the current diverted through the shunt resistor increases for a given level of junction voltage. The result is that the voltage-controlled portion of the I-V curve begins to sag far from the origin, producing a significant decrease in the terminal current I and a slight reduction in V. Ve... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The members of the LDLR family are characterized by distinct functional domains present in characteristic numbers. These modules are:
* LDL receptor type A (LA) repeats of 40 residues each, displaying a triple-disulfide-bond-stabilized negatively charged surface; certain head-to-tail combinations of these repeats are b... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Syntroleum, a publicly traded United States company, has produced over of diesel and jet fuel from the Fischer–Tropsch process using natural gas and coal at its demonstration plant near Tulsa, Oklahoma. Syntroleum is working to commercialize its licensed Fischer–Tropsch technology via coal-to-liquid plants in the Unit... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A DTA consists of a sample holder, thermocouples, sample containers and a ceramic or metallic block; a furnace; a temperature programmer; and a recording system. The key feature is the existence of two thermocouples connected to a voltmeter. One thermocouple is placed in an inert material such as AlO, while the other i... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The use of a solvent gradient is very well developed in column chromatography but is less common in CCC. A solvent gradient is produced by increasing (or decreasing) the polarity of the mobile phase during the separation to achieve optimal resolution across a wider range of polarities. For example, a methanol-water mob... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Thyroid hormone uptake (T or T) is a measure of the unbound thyroxine binding globulins in the blood, that is, the TBG that is unsaturated with thyroid hormone. Unsaturated TBG increases with decreased levels of thyroid hormones. It is not directly related to triiodothyronine, despite the name T.
Reference ranges: | 1 | Biochemistry |
SPEARpesticides estimates pesticide effects and contamination. The calculation is based on monitoring data of invertebrate communities as ascertained for the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD). A simplified version of SPEARpesticides is included in the [http://www.fliessgewaesserbewertung.de ASTERICS] software for asse... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
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