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Binary ethylenimine (BEI) is a preparation of aziridine. It can be produced by heating bromoethylamine hydrobromide or 2-aminoethyl hydrogen sulfate in the presence of sodium hydroxide (Gabriel method). It contains at least one three-membered ring which is very reactive because of the ring strain.
It is used to inactiv... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In 2010, Dunne was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng). In 2016, he was awarded the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (IoM3) Harvey Flower Titanium Prize. In 2017, Dunnes Engineering Alloys team shared the Imperial Presidents Award for Outstanding Research Team with Professor Chris Ph... | 8 | Metallurgy |
In type II reactions, the Sens* transfers its energy directly with O via a radiation-less transition to create O. O then adds to the substrate in a variety of ways including: cycloadditions (most commonly [4+2]), addition to double bonds to yield 1,2-dioxetanes, and ene reactions with olefins. | 5 | Photochemistry |
Ethylene receptors are functionally similar to bacterial two-component system which has two activation sites named response regulator and histidine kinase. The cytoplasmic carboxy-terminal part of ethylene receptor is similar in amino acid sequence to these response regulator and histidine kinase in bacteria; although ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Oxidative deamination is a form of deamination that generates α-keto acids and other oxidized products from amine-containing compounds, and occurs primarily in the liver. Oxidative deamination is stereospecific, meaning it contains different stereoisomers as reactants and products; this process is either catalyzed by L... | 1 | Biochemistry |
It is used to determine the ability of an organism to produce mixed acids by fermentation of glucose and to overcome the buffering capacity of the medium. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The simplest equation for the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction as a function of the substrate concentration is the Michaelis-Menten equation, which can be written as follows:
in which is the rate at substrate saturation (when approaches infinity, or limiting rate, and is the value of at half-saturation, i.e. ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Regular pulses of glucocorticoids, mainly cortisol in the case of humans, are released regularly from the adrenal cortex following a circadian pattern in addition to their release as a part of the stress response. Cortisol release follows a high frequency of pulses forming an ultradian rhythm, with amplitude being the... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Electric sonic amplitude or electroacoustic sonic amplitude is an electroacoustic phenomenon that is the reverse to colloid vibration current. It occurs in colloids, emulsions and other heterogeneous fluids under the influence of an oscillating electric field. This field moves particles relative to the liquid, which ge... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Faulds worked as a postdoctoral researcher for on the detection of DNA using surface-enhanced resonant Raman spectroscopy (SERRS). She became increasingly interested in the use of analytical chemistry to improve people's lives. Faulds was appointed as a lecturer in 2006.
Faulds was promoted to Reader in 2012 and Profe... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The targeted DamID (TaDa) approach uses the phenomenon of ribosome reinitiation to express Dam-fusion proteins at appropriately low levels for DamID (i.e. Dam is non-saturating, thus avoiding toxicity). This construct can be combined with cell-type specific promoters resulting in tissue-specific methylation. This appro... | 1 | Biochemistry |
PECO may be useful in treating both air and water, as well as producing hydrogen as a source of renewable energy. | 5 | Photochemistry |
Existing metabolic networks control the movement of molecules through their enzymatic steps by regulating enzymes that catalyze irreversible reactions. The movement of molecules through reversible steps is generally unregulated by enzymes, but rather regulated by the concentration of products and reactants. Irreversib... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The entire process of rolling hairpin replication, which has distinct, sequential stages, can be summarized as follows:
*1. The coding portion of the genome is replicated, starting from the 3′-end of the 3′ hairpin, which acts as a primer, and continues until the newly synthesized strand is connected to the 5′-end of t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The water vapor, carbon dioxide and other products can be separated via gas chromatography and analysed via a thermal conductivity detector. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Tactic and stereoselective polymerizations are traditionally catalyzed by metal-organic complexes. Topochemical polymerization provides an additional choice. In addition, by changing the alignment of the monomer within the crystal, the tacticity/stereochemistry of the polymer product could be easily controlled. An intu... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
User submission to the database is encouraged. To contribute to the database, one must submit: contact info, PubMed identifier and the two molecules that interact. The person who submits a record is the owner of it. All records are validated before being made public and BIND is curated for quality assurance. BIND curat... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Evans married Tommie Johnson in 1967. They had two children. Evans died on March 24, 2001, in Chapel Hill. The Slayton A. Evans Jr. Memorial Lecture Fund and the Slayton Evans Research Award were both named in his honor post-humously. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
This investigation has shown how conventional chemistry, i.e. internal recombination of hydrogen and oxygen, accounted for the entire amount of apparent excess heat. The investigators concluded their publication with the following word of advice:
Jones et al. have confirmed the Shkedi et al. findings with the same conc... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) is a good example of an amphibolic pathway because it functions in both the degradative (carbohydrate, protein, and fatty acid) and biosynthetic processes. The citric acid cycle occurs on the cytosol of bacteria and within the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. It provides electrons t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is known as the most widely applied and “one of the most powerful techniques” for the sequence analysis of synthetic copolymers. NMR spectroscopy allows determination of the relative abundance of comonomer sequences at the level of dyads and in cases of small repeat units ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In chemistry, phosphorochloridites are a class of organophosphorus compound with the formula (RO)PCl (R = organic substituent). They are pyramidal in shape, akin to regular phosphites (P(OR)). They are usually colorless and sensitive toward hydrolysis and, to some extent, oxidation to the corresponding phosphorochlor... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Barbara Cannon is a British-Swedish biochemist, physiologist and an academic. She is an emeritus professor at Stockholm University as well as the chairman of the scientific advisory board at The Helmholtz Centre. She is also a consultant at Combigene.
Cannon is most known for her work on mammalian thermogenesis, primar... | 1 | Biochemistry |
As widely reported in the scientific literature, bone density is just one of the components of bone strength thus it only partially predicts bone fragility. In order to overcome this limitation, a novel parameter, Fragility Score, has been developed. Fragility Score evaluates bone microstructural features independently... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The barrier for the rotation of the alkene about the M-centroid vector is a measure of the strength of the M-alkene pi-bond. Low symmetry complexes are suitable for analysis of these rotational barriers associated with the metal-ethene bond.In CpRh(CH)(CF), the ethene ligand is observed to rotate with a barrier near 12... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Hydrogen sulfide chemosynthesis is a form of chemosynthesis which uses hydrogen sulfide. It is common in hydrothermal vent microbial communities Due to the lack of light in these environments this is predominant over photosynthesis
Giant tube worms use bacteria in their trophosome to fix carbon dioxide (using hydrogen ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A purpose for introducing spiciness is to decrease the amount of state variables needed; the density at constant depth is a function of potential temperature and salinity and of using both, spiciness can be used. If the goal is to only quantify the variation of water parcels along isopycnals, the variation in absolute ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Lisinopril is the lysine-analog of enalapril. Unlike other ACE inhibitors, it is not a prodrug, is not metabolized by the liver, and is excreted unchanged in the urine. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Temperature dependent loop formations introduce temperature-dependence in the expression of downstream operons. All such elements act in a translation-dependent manner by controlling the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence, for example the expression of pathogenicity islands of some bacteria upon entry to a ho... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Galvanization consists of an application on the object to be protected of a layer of metallic zinc by either hot-dip galvanizing or electroplating. Zinc is traditionally used because it is cheap, adheres well to steel, and provides cathodic protection to the steel surface in case of damage of the zinc layer. In more co... | 8 | Metallurgy |
This shell is related to solid state physics and structural chemistry. The program [http://www.cryst.ehu.es/cryst/pseudosymmetry.html PSEUDO] performs an evaluation of the pseudosymmetry of a given structure with respect to supergroups of its space group. [http://www.cryst.ehu.es/cryst/amplimodes.html AMPLIMODES] perfo... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Bili light. A type of phototherapy that uses blue light with a range of 420–470 nm, used to treat neonatal jaundice. | 5 | Photochemistry |
Recent works have shown that plants can respond to airborne sounds at audible frequencies and that they also produce airborne sounds at the ultrasonic range, presumably audible to multiple organisms including bats, mice, moths and other insects. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Hydrogen lowers tensile ductility in many materials. In ductile materials, like austenitic stainless steels and aluminium alloys, no marked embrittlement may occur, but may exhibit significant lowering in tensile ductility (% elongation or % reduction in area) in tensile tests. | 8 | Metallurgy |
The synthesis of the D ring (scheme 6) started from 44 with allylic bromination with copper(I) bromide and benzoyl tert-butyl peroxide to bromide 45. By adding even more bromide, another bromide 46 formed (both compounds are in chemical equilibrium) with the bromine atom in an axial position. Osmium tetroxide added two... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The micelle velocity is defined by:
where is the electrophoretic velocity of a micelle.
The retention time of a given sample should depend on the capacity factor, :
where is the total number of moles of solute in the micelle and is the total moles in the aqueous phase. The retention time of a solute should then be... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
pIII is the protein that determines the infectivity of the virion. pIII is composed of three domains (N1, N2 and CT) connected by glycine-rich linkers. The N2 domain binds to the F pilus during virion infection freeing the N1 domain which then interacts with a TolA protein on the surface of the bacterium. Insertions wi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
It is commonly known that drug addiction involves permanent synaptic plasticity of various neuronal circuits. Neuroproteomics is being applied to study the effect of drug addiction across the synapse. Research is being conducted by isolating distinct regions of the brain in which synaptic transmission takes place and... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Electrocatalysts are used to promote certain chemical reactions to obtain synthetic products. Graphene and graphene oxides have shown promise as electrocatalytic materials for synthesis. Electrocatalytic methods also have potential for polymer synthesis. Electrocatalytic synthesis reactions can be performed under a con... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Following phenotypic selection, genomic DNA is extracted from the selected clones, alongside a control cell population. In the most common protocols for genome-wide knockouts, a Next-generation sequencing (NGS) library is created by a two step polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The first step amplifies the sgRNA region, ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Larry Paul Kelley established ICT (International Crystal Technology) in 1970 with Craig Hardy and Tom VanBergen. Kelley had worked for Dow Chemical in Ludington and at a factory in Ann Arbor that produced laser crystals. The facility was sited in Shelby because the town had a new industrial park. By 2015, Kelley was IC... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Diethyl dixanthogen disulfide is a component for froth flotations used, inter alia, for the separation of sulfide minerals like pyrrhotite. Diisopropyl dixanthogen disulfide is a reagent in the synthesis of sulfur heterocycles.
Dialkoxy dixanthogen disulfides undergo desulfurization by cyanide to give bis(alkoxythiocar... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
After crystallization, often some solidified flux remains on the surface or inside the desired crystal. This flux may cause defects in the crystal due to the different thermal expansivities of the flux and crystal. A solvent (typically an acid or a base) can dissolve the flux, but its difficult to find a solvent that d... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Two-component systems accomplish signal transduction through the phosphorylation of a response regulator (RR) by a histidine kinase (HK). Histidine kinases are typically homodimeric transmembrane proteins containing a histidine phosphotransfer domain and an ATP binding domain, though there are reported examples of hist... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Art in bronze and brass dates from remote antiquity. These important metals are alloys, bronze composed of copper and tin and brass of copper and zinc.
Proportions of each alloy vary slightly. Bronze may be normally considered as nine parts of copper to one of tin. Other ingredients which are occasionally found are mo... | 8 | Metallurgy |
ATP is the phosphorylated version of adenosine diphosphate (ADP), which stores energy in a cell and powers most cellular activities. ATP is the energized form, while ADP is the (partially) depleted form. NADP is an electron carrier which ferries high energy electrons. In the light reactions, it gets reduced, meaning it... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Reactions on surfaces are reactions in which at least one of the steps of the reaction mechanism is the adsorption of one or more reactants. The mechanisms for these reactions, and the rate equations are of extreme importance for heterogeneous catalysis. Via scanning tunneling microscopy, it is possible to observe reac... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A lot of research has been conducted on Vectorette PCR and the applications it has in the field of biology. Scientists used Vectorette PCR to take the transgene flanking DNA and isolate it. They used this technique on the DNA belonging to mice that was next to transgene sections. From this the scientists were able to s... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The research of Kuipers and his research group is focused on curiosity driven research with a keen eye on biotechnological applications. Kuipers has so far supervised 21 postdoctoral researchers and 35 PhD students in their doctorate research. At the moment (October 2015) he supervises 18 PhD students and 7 postdoctora... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
* Epitope – the distinct surface features of an antigen, its antigenic determinant.<br />Antigenic molecules, normally "large" biological polymers, usually present surface features that can act as points of interaction for specific antibodies. Any such feature constitutes an epitope. Most antigens have the potential to... | 1 | Biochemistry |
* Durable water repellent This being used for fabrics in order to protect them from water.
* Rain repellent This is made for car windshield for repelling rain water during rain in order to improve driving visibility. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Kujawinski was an undergraduate student at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She was awarded the undergraduate teaching award from the Department of Chemistry. She moved to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) as a doctoral researcher, where she worked in chemical oceanography. Her doctoral resear... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Food Standards Australia New Zealand develops the standards for levels of pesticide residues in foods through a consultation process. The New Zealand Food Safety Authority publishes the maximum limits of pesticide residues for foods produced in New Zealand. | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Miraculin, unlike curculin (another taste-modifying agent), is not sweet by itself, but it can change the perception of sourness to sweetness, even for a long period after consumption. The duration and intensity of the sweetness-modifying effect depends on various factors, such as miraculin concentration, duration of c... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Iron is a popular research target for many catalytic processes, owing largely to its low cost and low toxicity relative to other transition metals. Asymmetric hydrogenation methods using iron have been realized, although in terms of rates and selectivity, they are inferior to catalysts based on precious metals. In so... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In the human, the uterine lining (endometrium) needs to be appropriately prepared so that the embryo can implant. In a natural cycle the embryo transfer takes place in the luteal phase at a time where the lining is appropriately undeveloped in relation to the status of the present Luteinizing Hormone. In a stimulated o... | 1 | Biochemistry |
One of ATSDR’s primary responsibilities is conducting public health assessments and health consultations. The agency conducts public health assessments for all current or proposed sites on the National Priorities List (commonly known as Superfund sites). The purpose of public health assessments is to examine whether ha... | 1 | Biochemistry |
* In the "Liquid Solar Fuel Production demonstration Project" in 2020 the large-scale production of renewable methanol with sun power with a 10 MW electrolyzer was demonstrated.
* More than 20 000 taxis are operated in China with methanol (as of 2020)
* End of 2021 in Henan province the world's largest plant for produc... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
COX assembly in yeast are a complex process that is not entirely understood due to the rapid and irreversible aggregation of hydrophobic subunits that form the holoenzyme complex, as well as aggregation of mutant subunits with exposed hydrophobic patches. COX subunits are encoded in both the nuclear and mitochondrial g... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The amount of methane in the atmosphere is the result of a balance between the production of methane on the Earth's surfaceits sourceand the destruction or removal of methane, mainly in the atmosphereits sink in an atmospheric chemical process.
Another major natural sink is through oxidation by methanotrophic or methan... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The Lippmann–Schwinger equation is useful in a very large number of situations involving two-body scattering. For three or more colliding bodies it does not work well because of mathematical limitations; Faddeev equations may be used instead. However, there are approximations that can reduce a many-body problem to a se... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The operational proof for the flux connectivity theorem relies on making perturbations to enzyme levels such that the pathway flux is unchanged but a single metabolite level is changed. This can be illustrated with the following pathway:
Let us make a change to the rate through by increasing the concentration of enzym... | 1 | Biochemistry |
* Instead of relying on standard diffusion to transfer the proteins from the gel to the filter, electroblotting is commonly used because it removes the denaturing agent SDS thereby allowing the proteins to renature as they move to the filter.
* Skim milk is added to the filter before hybridizing with probes as it con... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The stabilization of bismuth's +3 oxidation state due to the inert pair effect yields a plethora of organometallic bismuth-transition metal compounds and clusters with interesting electronics and 3D structures. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Intercepting an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) in its boost phase requires imaging of the hard body as well as the rocket plumes. MWIR presents a strong signal from highly heated objects including rocket plumes, while LWIR produces emissions from the missile's body material. The US Army Research Laboratory r... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Agricultural chemistry often aims at preserving or increasing the fertility of soil with the goals of maintaining or improving the agricultural yield and improving the quality of the crop. Soils are analyzed with attention to the inorganic matter (minerals), which comprise most of the mass of dry soil, and organic mat... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Carbon sequestration is the process of storing carbon in a carbon pool. It plays a crucial role in mitigating climate change by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. There are two main types of carbon sequestration: biologic (also called biosequestration) and geologic. Biologic carbon sequestration i... | 5 | Photochemistry |
When comparing initiation in eukaryotes to prokaryotes, perhaps one of the first noticeable differences is the use of a larger 80S ribosome. Regulation of this process begins with the supply of methionine by a tRNA anticodon that basepairs AUG. This base pairing comes about by the scanning mechanism that ensues once th... | 1 | Biochemistry |
As mentioned earlier, the requirement for an atom to be a chirality center is that the atom must be sp hybridized with four different attachments. Because of this, all chirality centers are stereocenters. However, only under some conditions is the reverse true. Recall that a point can be considered a sterocenter with a... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Some other plants live in association with a cyanobiont (cyanobacteria such as Nostoc) which fix nitrogen for them:
* Some lichens such as Lobaria and Peltigera
* Mosquito fern (Azolla species)
* Cycads
* Gunnera
* Blasia (liverwort)
* Hornworts
Some symbiotic relationships involving agriculturally-important plants are... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Probably the most well-known receptors of peptidoglycan are the NOD-like receptors (NLRs), mainly NOD1 and NOD2. The NOD1 receptor is activated after iE-DAP (γ-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid) binding, while NOD2 recognizes MDP (muramyl dipeptide), by their LRR domains. Activation leads to self-oligomerization, res... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The harmful effects of glutamate on the central nervous system were first observed in 1954 by T. Hayashi, a Japanese scientist who stated that direct application of glutamate caused seizure activity, though this report went unnoticed for several years. D. R. Lucas and J. P. Newhouse, after noting that "single doses of ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Mutatochrome (5,8-epoxy-β-carotene) is a carotenoid. It is the predominant carotenoid in the cap of the bolete mushroom Boletus luridus. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The following are reference ranges for D-dimer:
D-dimer increases with age. It has therefore been suggested to use a cutoff equal to patient’s age in years × 10 µg/L (or x 0.056 nmol/L) for patients aged over 50 years for the suspicion of venous thromboembolism (VTE), as it decreases the false positive rate without sub... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Plasmids are double-stranded extra chromosomal and generally circular DNA sequences that are capable of replication using the host cells replication machinery. Plasmid vectors minimalistically consist of an origin of replication that allows for semi-independent replication of the plasmid in the host. Plasmids are found... | 1 | Biochemistry |
DNA is a major example of a supramolecular polymer. protein Much effort has been develoted to related but synthetic materials. At the same time, their reversible and dynamic nature make supramolecular polymers bio-degradable, which surmounts hard-to-degrade issue of covalent polymers and makes supramolecular polymers a... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Several methods are known to recover carbonyl compounds from N,N-dialkylhydrazones. Procedures include oxidative, hydrolytic or reductive cleavage conditions and can be compatible with a wide range of functional groups. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Depletion gilding is a decorative process, with no significant industrial applications. It is not widely used in modern times, having been superseded by processes more suited to mass production, such as electroplating. Some individual artisans and small shops continue to practice it.
However, depletion gilding was wide... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The bioavailability of levonorgestrel is approximately 95% (range 85 to 100%). The plasma protein binding of levonorgestrel is about 98%. It is bound 50% to albumin and 48% to SHBG. Levonorgestrel is metabolized in the liver, via reduction, hydroxylation, and conjugation (specifically glucuronidation and sulfation). Ox... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Phytoplankton are mostly made up of lignin and cellulose, which are broken down by oxidative mechanism, which consume oxygen. | 9 | Geochemistry |
The Tolman length (also known as Tolmans delta) measures the extent by which the surface tension of a small liquid drop deviates from its planar value. It is conveniently defined in terms of an expansion in , with the equimolar radius (defined below) of the liquid drop, of the pressure difference across the droplets ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In the context of sputtering, the gas in the tube is called "carrier gas," because it carries the particles from the cathode. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Prior to HPLC, scientists used benchtop column liquid chromatographic techniques. Liquid chromatographic systems were largely inefficient due to the flow rate of solvents being dependent on gravity. Separations took many hours, and sometimes days to complete. Gas chromatography (GC) at the time was more powerful than l... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The electric effect can be classified into two types, namely the +E effect and the -E effect. This classification is based on the direction of electron pair transfer. When the attacking reagent is electrophile, the +E effect is generally observed and π-electrons are transferred to the positively charged atom. When the ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In 2010, exometabolomics analysis of the cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 by Baran, et al. revealed that this photoautotroph could deplete a diverse pool of exogenous metabolites. A follow-up exometabolomics study on sympatric microbial isolates from biological soil crust, which exist in communities with cyan... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Paucimannosidic glycans span the base composition ManGlcNAc. Additional modifications with Fuc, Xyl and/or Galactose (Gal) are common in mammals ref, plants and invertebrates, respectively. Paucimannosidic glycans expressed by insects and nematodes are particularly rich in structural diversity. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Scintillation properties of organic-inorganic methylamonium (MA) lead halide perovskites under proton irradiation were first reported by Shibuya et al. in 2002 and the first γ-ray pulse height spectrum, although still with poor energy resolution, was reported on () by van Eijk et al. in 2008 . Birowosuto at al. studi... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Hydrides add to give hydroxylamines. Reducing Lewis acids (e.g. metals, Sulfur dioxide|) deoxygenate to the imine instead. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Most commonly used post treatment, where chlorine is dissolved in water to form and hydrochloric acid hypochlorous acid. The latter act as a disinfectant that is able to eliminate pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and protozoa by penetrating the cell walls. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Broadening in laser physics is a physical phenomenon that affects the spectroscopic line shape of the laser emission profile. The laser emission is due to the (excitation and subsequent) relaxation of a quantum system (atom, molecule, ion, etc.) between an excited state (higher in energy) and a lower one. These states ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Hill reaction is the light-driven transfer of electrons from water to Hill reagents (non-physiological oxidants) in a direction against the chemical potential gradient as part of photosynthesis. Robin Hill discovered the reaction in 1937. He demonstrated that the process by which plants produce oxygen is separate ... | 5 | Photochemistry |
;AVS: Assignment validation suite ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14872126 AVS]) checks the chemical shifts list in BioMagResBank (BMRB) format for problems.
;PSVS: Protein Structure Validation Server at the NESG based on information retrieval statistics
;PROSESS: PROSESS (Protein Structure Evaluation Suite & Ser... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Superconductivity in UPdAl has a critical temperature of 2.0K and a critical field around 3T. The critical field does not show anisotropy despite the hexagonal crystal structure.
For heavy-fermion superconductors it is generally believed that the coupling mechanism cannot be phononic in nature. In contrast to many othe... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Methyl vinyl ketone, ethyl acetoacetate, and diethyl-methyl-(3-oxo-butyl)-ammonium iodide react to form a cyclic aldol product. Sodium methoxide is added to generate Hagemann's ester. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
DiffractGUI allows for an automated analysis of diffraction patterns and high-resolution images of single crystal or limited number of crystallites. It is able to determine crystal orientation, index individual diffraction spots and measure interplanar angles and distances in picometric precision. The input image may... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
SahysMod is a computer program for the prediction of the salinity of soil moisture, groundwater and drainage water, the depth of the watertable, and the drain discharge in irrigated agricultural lands, using different hydrogeologic and aquifer conditions, varying water management options, including the use of ground wa... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Metals, and specifically rare-earth elements, form numerous chemical complexes with boron. Their crystal structure and chemical bonding depend strongly on the metal element M and on its atomic ratio to boron. When B/M ratio exceeds 12, boron atoms form B icosahedra which are linked into a three-dimensional boron framew... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Dynamic systems are collections of discrete molecular components that can reversibly assemble and disassemble. Systems may include multiple interacting species leading to competing reactions. | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Plastoglobuli (singular plastoglobulus, sometimes spelled plastoglobule(s)), are spherical bubbles of lipids and proteins about 45–60 nanometers across. They are surrounded by a lipid monolayer. Plastoglobuli are found in all chloroplasts, but become more common when the chloroplast is under oxidative stress, or when i... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Gases will dissolve in liquids to an extent that is determined by the equilibrium between the undissolved gas and the gas that has dissolved in the liquid (called the solvent). The equilibrium constant for that equilibrium is:
where:
* = the equilibrium constant for the solvation process
* = partial pressure of gas ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
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