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The relatively low intensity of the ionizing VUV radiation guarantees one-photon processes, in other words only one, fixed energy photon will be responsible for photoionization. The energy balance of photoionization comprises the internal energy and the adiabatic ionization energy of the neutral as well as the photon e... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Because of resonance stabilization of the conjugate base, an α-hydrogen in an aldehyde is weakly acidic with a pK near 17. Note, however, this is much more acidic than an alkane or ether hydrogen, which has pK near 50 approximately, and is even more acidic than a ketone α-hydrogen which has pK near 20. This acidificati... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Reflection high energy electron diffraction - total reflection angle X-ray spectroscopy is a technique for monitoring the chemical composition of crystals. RHEED-TRAXS analyzes X-ray spectral lines emitted from a crystal as a result of electrons from a RHEED gun colliding with the surface.
RHEED-TRAXS is preferential t... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The application of nanoparticles (NPs) are one of novel promising techniques to target biofilms due to their high surface-area-to-volume ratio, their ability to penetrate to the deeper layers of biofilms and the capacity to releasing antimicrobial agents in a controlled way. Studying NP-EPS interactions could provide d... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The journal is abstracted and indexed by:
*Cambridge Structural Database
*Chemical Abstracts Service
*Current Contents/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences
*Index Medicus/MEDLINE/PubMed
*Inspec
*PASCAL
*Science Citation Index Expanded
*Scopus
*VINITI Database RAS
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal h... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
UV light (specifically, UV‑B) causes the body to produce vitamin D, which is essential for life. Humans need some UV radiation to maintain adequate vitamin D levels. According to the World Health Organization:
Vitamin D can also be obtained from food and supplementation. Excess sun exposure produces harmful effects, ho... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Cancer can result from the loss of cell-cell interaction. In normal cells, growth is controlled by contact inhibition in which contact with neighboring cells causes a stunt in cell growth. Contact inhibition is thought to be mediated by cadherins, proteins that play an important role in cell adhesion. This inhibition ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Direct effects of increasing CO concentrations in the atmosphere include increasing global temperatures, ocean acidification and a CO fertilization effect on plants and crops. | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
In science and engineering, the parts-per notation is a set of pseudo-units to describe small values of miscellaneous dimensionless quantities, e.g. mole fraction or mass fraction. Since these fractions are quantity-per-quantity measures, they are pure numbers with no associated units of measurement. Commonly used are ... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Glycosylation can also be effected using the tools of synthetic organic chemistry. Unlike the biochemical processes, synthetic glycochemistry relies heavily on protecting groups (e.g. the 4,6-O-benzylidene) in order to achieve desired regioselectivity. The other challenge of chemical glycosylation is the stereoselectiv... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Because of their resistant to cold water dissolution, which severely destroys the calcareous planktonic fossils at depth worldwide, Radiolarians has become one of the most commonly studied siliceous planktonic fossils for paleotemperature reconstruction.
Study of Radiolarians in the North Pacific deep sea cores has re... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Natural transformation is the viral transformation of cells without the interference of medical science. This is the most commonly considered form of viral transformation and includes many cancers and diseases, such as HIV, Hepatitis B, and T-cell Leukemia virus type I. | 1 | Biochemistry |
A screw axis (helical axis or twist axis) is a line that is simultaneously the axis of rotation and the line along which translation of a body occurs. Chasles' theorem shows that each Euclidean displacement in three-dimensional space has a screw axis, and the displacement can be decomposed into a rotation about and a s... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In water–heavy water mixtures equilibria several species are involved: HO, HDO, DO, HO, DO, HDO, HDO, HO, DO. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Carboximidates are good electrophiles and undergo a range of addition reactions; with aliphatic imidates generally reacting faster than aromatic imidates. They can be hydrolyzed to give esters and by an analogous process react with amines (including ammonia) to form amidines. Aliphatic imidates react with an excess of ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In some cases, energy loss features due to plasmon excitations are also observed. This can either be a final state effect caused by core hole decay, which generates quantized electron wave excitations in the solid (intrinsic plasmons), or it can be due to excitations induced by photoelectrons travelling from the emitte... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The sublimation sandwich method (also called the sublimation sandwich process and the sublimation sandwich technique) is a kind of physical vapor deposition used for creating man-made crystals. Silicon carbide is the most common crystal grown this way, though others crystals may also be created with it (notably galliu... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In environmental management, water analysis is frequently deployed when pollution is suspected to identify the pollutant in order to take remedial action. The analysis can often enable the polluter to be identified. Such forensic work can examine the ratios of various components and can "type" samples of oils or other ... | 9 | Geochemistry |
A metabolic network is the complete set of metabolic and physical processes that determine the physiological and biochemical properties of a cell. As such, these networks comprise the chemical reactions of metabolism, the metabolic pathways, as well as the regulatory interactions that guide these reactions.
With the se... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Jaroslav Heyrovský was born in Prague on December 20, 1890, the fifth child of Leopold Heyrovský, Professor of Roman Law at the Charles University in Prague, and his wife Clara, née Hanl von Kirchtreu. He obtained his early education at secondary school until 1909 when he began his study of chemistry, physics, and mat... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The ENCODE project proposes to map all of the DHSs in the human genome with the intention of cataloging human regulatory DNA.
DHSs mark transcriptionally active regions of the genome, where there will be cellular selectivity. So, they used 125 different human cell types. This way, using the massive sequencing techniq... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A use of ion chromatography can be seen in argentation chromatography. Usually, silver and compounds containing acetylenic and ethylenic bonds have very weak interactions. This phenomenon has been widely tested on olefin compounds. The ion complexes the olefins make with silver ions are weak and made based on the overl... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The first modern definition of acids and bases in molecular terms was devised by Svante Arrhenius. A hydrogen theory of acids, it followed from his 1884 work with Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald in establishing the presence of ions in aqueous solution and led to Arrhenius receiving the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1903.
As de... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
More advanced direct reduction processes were developed at the beginning of the 20th century, when it became possible to smelt pre-reduced ores using the Martin-Siemens process or the electric arc furnace. Based on this technical and economic model, a number of processes were industrialized before World War II (the Kru... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Of the 195 countries currently recognised by the United Nations, 141 use RHT and 54 use LHT on roads in general.
A country and its territories and dependencies are counted as one. Whichever directionality is listed first is the type that is used in general in the traffic category. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
In order for pathogenic bacteria to invade a cell, communication with the host cell is required. The first step for invading bacteria is usually adhesion to host cells. Strong anchoring, a characteristic that determines virulence, prevents the bacteria from being washed away before infection occurs. Bacterial cells c... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Any real measuring instrument has a limited range over which it can accurately measure absorbance. An instrument must be calibrated and checked against known standards if the readings are to be trusted. Many instruments will become non-linear (fail to follow the Beer–Lambert law) starting at approximately 2 AU (~1% tra... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
If the solvent is a liquid, then almost all gases, liquids, and solids can be dissolved. Here are some examples:
* Gas in liquid:
** Oxygen in water
** Carbon dioxide in water – a less simple example, because the solution is accompanied by a chemical reaction (formation of ions). The visible bubbles in carbonated water... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Six affiliate societies focused on specific areas of materials science also fall under the ASM umbrella:
* The Heat Treating Society (HTS),
* The Thermal Spray Society (TSS),
* The International Metallographic Society (IMS),
* The Electronic Device Failure Analysis Society (EDFAS),
* The Failure Analysis Society (... | 8 | Metallurgy |
There are several surface measurement (including flasks and continuous in situ) networks including NOAA/ERSL, WDCGG, and RAMCES. The NOAA/ESRL Baseline Observatory Network, and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Network data are hosted at the CDIAC at ORNL. The World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases (WDCGG), part ... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Like all known forms of matter, liquids are fundamentally quantum mechanical. However, under standard conditions (near room temperature and pressure), much of the macroscopic behavior of liquids can be understood in terms of classical mechanics. The "classical picture" posits that the constituent molecules are discrete... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
It is far more difficult to produce a fermionic superfluid than a bosonic one, because the Pauli exclusion principle prohibits fermions from occupying the same quantum state. However, there is a well-known mechanism by which a superfluid may be formed from fermions: That mechanism is the BCS transition, discovered in 1... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Empirical correlations are simple mathematical expressions intended to approximate a liquid's properties over a range of experimental conditions, such as varying temperature and pressure. They are constructed by fitting simple functional forms to experimental data. For example, the temperature-dependence of liquid visc... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Thermocouples can generally be used in the testing of prototype electrical and mechanical apparatus. For example, switchgear under test for its current carrying capacity may have thermocouples installed and monitored during a heat run test, to confirm that the temperature rise at rated current does not exceed designed ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
TFB is recruited by another translation factor, TBP, after it recognizes the TATA box and bends the DNA so transcription can initiate. TFB stabilizes the TBP-DNA complex so that the proteins can recruit RNA Polymerase and melt the DNA via a yet-unknown mechanism. This opening of the DNA is not an energy-dependent proce... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Sulfur diimides are chemical compounds of the formula S(NR). Structurally, they are the diimine of sulfur dioxide. The parent member, S(NH), is of only theoretical interest. Other derivatives where R is an organic group are stable and useful reagents. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In surface chemistry, the Hertz–Knudsen equation, also known as Knudsen-Langmuir equation describes evaporation rates, named after Heinrich Hertz and Martin Knudsen. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
; (2001 September); Magnum opus
Pereras Magnum opus never loses sight of what is required to make a complete cricketer – in every sense of the word. Former England skipper Mike Brearley OBE has contributed the preface while the then Sri Lankas cricket coach, Davenall Whatmore, the foreword. It is the only self study t... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The reverse Krebs cycle, also known as reverse TCA cycle (rTCA) or reductive citric acid cycle, is an alternative to the standard Calvin-Benson cycle for carbon fixation. It has been found in strict anaerobic or microaerobic bacteria (as Aquificales) and anaerobic archea. It was discovered by Evans, Buchanan and Arnon ... | 5 | Photochemistry |
The first publication of the structure of wheel shaped cluster anion, first determined for the nitrosyl derivative by Achim Müller et al. was announced in New Scientist as "Big Wheel rolls back the molecular frontier". Further work by the same group then refined the initial findings and determined the structure of the... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Two forces affect ionized atoms in a conductor: 1) The direct electrostatic force F, as a result of the electric field , which has the same direction as the electric field, and 2) The force from the exchange of momentum with other charge carriers F, toward the flow of charge carriers, is in the opposite direction of th... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In iron and steel metallurgy, ledeburite is a mixture of 4.3% carbon in iron and is a eutectic mixture of austenite and cementite. Ledeburite is not a type of steel as the carbon level is too high although it may occur as a separate constituent in some high carbon steels. It is mostly found with cementite or pearlite i... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Like Wilson (1964), Renon & Prausnitz (1968) began with local composition theory, but instead of using the Flory–Huggins volumetric expression as Wilson did, they assumed local compositions followed
with a new "non-randomness" parameter α. The excess Gibbs free energy was then determined to be
Unlike Wilsons equation, ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Corrosion fatigue is fatigue in a corrosive environment. It is the mechanical degradation of a material under the joint action of corrosion and cyclic loading. Nearly all engineering structures experience some form of alternating stress, and are exposed to harmful environments during their service life. The environment... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Samuel Van Leer was a well-known ironmaster and a United States Army officer during the American Revolutionary War. He started a military career with enthusiasm with his neighbor General Anthony Wayne in 1775. His furnace, Reading Furnace in Pennsylvania, supplied cannon and cannonballs for the Continental Army. Van Le... | 8 | Metallurgy |
A proton-exchange membrane, or polymer-electrolyte membrane (PEM), is a semipermeable membrane generally made from ionomers and designed to conduct protons while acting as an electronic insulator and reactant barrier, e.g. to oxygen and hydrogen gas. This is their essential function when incorporated into a membrane e... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The tetrathionate anion, , is a sulfur oxyanion derived from the compound tetrathionic acid, HSO. Two of the sulfur atoms present in the ion are in oxidation state 0 and two are in oxidation state +5. Alternatively, the compound can be viewed as the adduct resulting from the binding of disulfide| to SO. Tetrathionate... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The technique of vibrational analysis with scanning probe microscopy allows probing vibrational properties of materials at the submicrometer scale, and even of individual molecules. This is accomplished by integrating scanning probe microscopy (SPM) and vibrational spectroscopy (Raman scattering or/and Fourier transfor... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
After the mRNA is completed and cleaved off at the poly-A signal sequence, the left-over (residual) RNA strand remains bound to the DNA template and the RNA polymerase II unit, continuing to be transcribed. After this cleavage, a so-called exonuclease binds to the residual RNA strand and removes the freshly transcribed... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In The United States, federal law recognizes a legal practice for the study of an item in hopes of obtaining a detailed understanding of the
way in which it works for the purpose of creating duplicate or superior products without the benefit of having the plans for the original item. The studied item must first have be... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
As first shown in 2003, the auxiliary function of carotenoids as quenchers of singlet oxygen contributes to the photoprotective role of OCP has also been demonstrated under strong orange-red light, which are conditions where OCP cannot be photoactivated for its energy-quenching role. This is significant because all ox... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Austempering is a hardening process that is used on iron-based metals to promote better mechanical properties. The metal is heated into the austenite region of the iron-cementite phase diagram and then quenched in a salt bath or other heat extraction medium that is between temperatures of . The metal is annealed in thi... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Van de Flierdt grew up in rural western Germany. In 2000 van de Flierdt completed a diploma in Geology at the University of Bonn. She earned a PhD at ETH Zurich in 2003, working with Alexander Halliday. | 9 | Geochemistry |
The SCCmec found in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus likely originated in coagulase-negative staphylococcal species and was acquired by S. aureus.
Staphylococcal strains isolated from pig farms were found to carry several different types of SCCmec, suggesting that they may serve as a reservoir of these eleme... | 1 | Biochemistry |
: M–R + M → M + M–R.
In redox-transmetalation a ligand is transferred from one metal to the other through an intermolecular mechanism. During the reaction one of the metal centers is oxidized and the other is reduced. The electronegativities of the metals and ligands is what causes the reaction to go forward. If M is m... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The main component of a VIPA is a glass plate whose normal is slightly tilted with respect to the input light. One side (light input side) of the glass plate is coated with a 100% reflective mirror and the other side (light output side) is coated with a highly reflective but partially transmissive mirror. The side with... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The K factor or characterization factor is defined from Rankine boiling temperature °R=1.8Tb[k] and relative to water density ρ at 60°F:
K(UOP) =
The K factor is a systematic way of classifying a crude oil according to its paraffinic, naphthenic, intermediate or aromatic nature. 12.5 or higher indicate a crude oil o... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Ceramics are now commonly used in the medical fields as dental and bone implants. Surgical cermets are used regularly. Joint replacements are commonly coated with bioceramic materials to reduce wear and inflammatory response. Other examples of medical uses for bioceramics are in pacemakers, kidney dialysis machines, an... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Streptavidin is a tetrameric protein expressed in Streptomyces avidinii. Because of Streptavidin's high affinity for vitamin H (biotin), Streptavidin is commonly used in the fields of molecular biology and biotechnology. The Strep-tag was originally selected from a genetic library to specifically bind to a proteolytica... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In chemistry and particularly biochemistry, an energy-rich species (usually energy-rich molecule) or high-energy species (usually high-energy molecule) is a chemical species which reacts, potentially with other species found in the environment, to release chemical energy.
In particular, the term is often used for:
* ad... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Flavins (from Latin flavus, "yellow") refers generally to the class of organic compounds containing the tricyclic heterocycle isoalloxazine or its isomer alloxazine, and derivatives thereof. The biochemical source of flavin is the yellow B vitamin riboflavin. The flavin moiety is often attached with an adenosine diphos... | 1 | Biochemistry |
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large double-stranded DNA virus which replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells and is the only member of the Asfarviridae family. The virus causes a lethal haemorraghic disease in domestic pigs. Some strains can cause death of animals within as little as a week after infectio... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Genetic markers can be used to study the relationship between an inherited disease and its genetic cause (for example, a particular mutation of a gene that results in a defective protein). It is known that pieces of DNA that lie near each other on a chromosome tend to be inherited together. This property enables the us... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Progesterone is used as a medication. It is used in combination with estrogens mainly in hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and low sex hormone levels in women. It may also be used alone to treat menopausal symptoms. Studies have shown that transdermal progesterone (skin patch) and oral micronized progesterone are... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The scattering cross section of an object () is defined by the time-averaged power of the scattered wave () divided by the intensity of the incident wave (): .
Starting with the assumptions that a plasma object is small relative to the incident wavelength, thin relative to the skin depth, unmagnetized, and homogenous,... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The temperature and pressure at which ordinary solid, liquid, and gaseous water coexist in equilibrium is a triple point of water. Since 1954, this point had been used to define the base unit of temperature, the kelvin, but, starting in 2019, the kelvin is now defined using the Boltzmann constant, rather than the tripl... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
In the idealized model, the chemical components of the and bulk phases remain unchanged except when approaching the dividing surface. The total moles of any component (Examples include: water, ethylene glycol etc.) remains constant in the bulk phases but varies in the surface phase for the real system model as shown... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Monosaccharides which contain an aldehyde group are known as aldoses, and those with a ketone group are known as ketoses. The aldehyde can be oxidized via a redox reaction in which another compound is reduced. Thus, aldoses are reducing sugars. Sugars with ketone groups in their open chain form are capable of isomerizi... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Linear triatomic molecules owe their geometry to their sp or spd hybridised central atoms. Well-known linear triatomic molecules include carbon dioxide (CO) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN).
Xenon difluoride (XeF) is one of the rare examples of a linear triatomic molecule possessing non-bonded pairs of electrons on the centr... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Boc group can be added to the amine under aqueous conditions using di-tert-butyl dicarbonate in the presence of a base such as sodium bicarbonate. Protection of the amine can also be accomplished in acetonitrile solution using 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) as the base.
Removal of the Boc in amino acids can be acco... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
CHNOPS and CHON are mnemonic acronyms for the most common elements in living organisms. "CHON" stands for carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, which together make up more than 95 percent of the mass of biological systems. "CHNOPS" adds phosphorus and sulfur. | 1 | Biochemistry |
EosFP consists of 226 amino acids. It has a molecular mass of 25.8 kDa and its pI is 6.9. Eos has 84% identical residues to Kaede, a fluorescent protein that originated in a different scleractinian coral Trachyphyllia geoffroyi, but can also be irreversibly converted from a green to red emitting form using UV light. ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
AOAC International's technical contributions center on the creation, validation, and global publication of reliable analytical test methods. Their areas of focus include, but are not limited to, safety of foods, beverages, dietary supplements, fertilizers, animal feeds, soil and water, and veterinary drugs. The aim of ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Mutations in K2.3 are suspected to be a possible underlying cause for several neurological disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer's disease, anorexia nervosa and ataxia as well as myotonic muscular dystrophy. | 1 | Biochemistry |
A range of qualitative and quantitative tests have been developed to detect phosphate ions (PO) in solution. Such tests find use in industrial processes, scientific research, and environmental water monitoring. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The first reported chemical synthesis of HMB was published in 1877 by the Russian chemists Michael and Alexander Zaytsev. HMB was isolated from the bark of Erythrophleum couminga (a Madagascan tree) in 1941 by Leopold Ružička. The earliest reported isolation of HMB as a human metabolite was by Tanaka and coworkers in 1... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Light production in Porichthys notatus has been found to be triggered through an adrenergic mechanism. The sympathetic nervous system of the fish is responsible for triggering bioluminescence in the photocytes. As a response to being triggered by an norepinepherine, epinephrine, or phenylephrine, the photocyte exhibits... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Walter was one of the youngest students of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, where he studied history and chemistry in 1825–28. Subsequently, he studied at Berlin University, receiving a Ph.D. with his dissertation On Combination of Oxalic Acid and Alkali. Simultaneously he served as assistant to Professor Eilhard... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Reducing nutrient inputs is a key precondition for restoration, but there are two caveats: Firstly it can take a long time, particularly because of the storage of nutrients in sediments. Secondly, restoration may need more than a simple reversal of inputs since there are sometimes several stable but very different ecol... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
*Thermal radiation emitted by a body at any temperature consists of a wide range of frequencies. The frequency distribution is given by Planck's law of black-body radiation for an idealized emitter as shown in the diagram at top.
*The dominant frequency (or color) range of the emitted radiation shifts to higher frequen... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
UTP also has the role of a source of energy or an activator of substrates in metabolic reactions, like that of ATP, but more specific. When UTP activates a substrate (like Glucose-1-phosphate), UDP-glucose is formed and inorganic phosphate is released.
UDP-glucose enters the synthesis of glycogen. UTP is used in the ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The approach relies on a combination of companion crops to be planted around and among maize or sorghum. Both domestic and wild grasses can help to protect the crops by attracting and trapping the stemborers. The grasses are planted in the border around the maize and sorghum fields where invading adult moths become att... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Electrical resistance heating is used by the environmental restoration industry for remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater. ERH consists of constructing electrodes in the ground, applying alternating current (AC) electricity to the electrodes and heating the subsurface to temperatures that promote the evapor... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The ability to quantitate the βhCG level is useful in monitoring germ cell and trophoblastic tumors, follow-up care after miscarriage, and diagnosis of and follow-up care after treatment of ectopic pregnancy. The lack of a visible fetus on vaginal ultrasound after βhCG levels reach 1500 mIU/mL is strongly indicative of... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Superconducting materials are characterized by the loss of resistance and two parameters: a critical temperature T and a critical magnetic field which brings the
superconductor to its normal state. In 1911, H. Kamerlingh Onnes discovered the superconductivity of mercury at a temperature below 4 K. Later,
other subst... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Pseudo-response regulator (PRR) refers to a group of genes that regulate the circadian oscillator in plants. There are four primary PRR proteins (PRR9, PRR7, PRR5 and TOC1/PRR1) that perform the majority of interactions with other proteins within the circadian oscillator, and another (PRR3) that has limited function. T... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In crystalline metals, slip occurs in specific directions on crystallographic planes, and each combination of slip direction and slip plane will have its own Schmid factor. As an example, for a face-centered cubic (FCC) system the primary slip plane is {111} and primary slip directions exist within the direction, alon... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Coenzyme A was identified by Fritz Lipmann in 1946, who also later gave it its name. Its structure was determined during the early 1950s at the Lister Institute, London, together by Lipmann and other workers at Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital. Lipmann initially intended to study acetyl transfe... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The expression for the sound velocity of a liquid,
contains the bulk modulus K. If K is frequency-independent, then the liquid behaves as a linear medium, so that sound propagates without dissipation or mode coupling. In reality, all liquids show some dispersion: with increasing frequency, K crosses over from the low-f... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
It has already been mentioned that in HR-CS AAS lamp flicker noise is eliminated using correction pixels. In fact, any increase or decrease in radiation intensity that is observed to the same extent at all pixels chosen for correction is eliminated by the correction algorithm. This obviously also includes a reduction o... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
ScerTF is a comprehensive database of position weight matrices for the transcription factors of Saccharomyces. | 1 | Biochemistry |
RNA-Seq captures DNA variation, including single nucleotide variants, small insertions/deletions. and structural variation. Variant calling in RNA-Seq is similar to DNA variant calling and often employs the same tools (including SAMtools mpileup and GATK HaplotypeCaller) with adjustments to account for splicing. One un... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Polymerization-induced phase separation can be initiated either through thermally induced polymerization or photopolymerization. The process general occurs through spinodal decomposition, commonly resulting in the formation of co-continuous phases. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Graphene is viable for photothermal therapy. An 808 nm laser at a power density of 2 W/cm was used to irradiate the tumor sites on mice for 5 minutes. As noted by the authors, the power densities of lasers used to heat gold nanorods range from 2 to 4 W/cm. Thus, these nanoscale graphene sheets require a laser power on ... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Bioluminescence in Amphiura filiformis and other species of sea star is widely believed to function in protection against predators. By attracting predators to one arm and losing the arm, the sea star is able to escape predation. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The PI curve can be applied to terrestrial and marine reactions but is most commonly used to explain ocean-dwelling phytoplankton's photosynthetic response to changes in light intensity. Using this tool to approximate biological productivity is important because phytoplankton contribute ~50% of total global carbon fixa... | 5 | Photochemistry |
In electrochemistry, the Butler–Volmer equation (named after John Alfred Valentine Butler and Max Volmer), also known as Erdey-Grúz–Volmer equation, is one of the most fundamental relationships in electrochemical kinetics. It describes how the electrical current through an electrode depends on the voltage difference be... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
BVS was first developed by C. P. Chen and R. S. Lakes in 1989 in order to address the shortcomings of existing laboratory techniques for studying viscoelastic materials. It was later refined by M. Brodt et al. to improve the rigidity and resolution of the apparatus, which were sources of error in the original design. F... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
ABCC11 is a gene encoding an apical ATP-driven efflux transporter that has been found to transport a variety of lipophilic anions including cyclic nucleotides, estradiol glucuronide, steroid sulfates such as DHEA-S, and monoanionic bile acids. It is expressed and localized in apocrine glands, including in the axilla, t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Estimates of lake metabolism typically rely on the measurement of dissolved oxygen or carbon dioxide, or measurements of a carbon or oxygen tracer to estimate production and consumption of organic carbon. Oxygen is produced and carbon dioxide consumed through photosynthesis and oxygen is consumed and carbon dioxide pro... | 1 | Biochemistry |
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