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Heterogeneous catalysts are easily removed from a reaction mixture by filtration. Although some amount of metal catalyst typically remains in the product from leaching, these amounts tend to be lower than those remaining after workup of a homogenous metal-catalyzed cross-coupling. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
With a relatively low global warming potential (GWP) index of 124 and favorable thermophysical properties, 1,1-difluoroethane has been proposed as an environmentally friendly alternative to R134a. Despite its flammability, R152a also presents operating pressures and volumetric cooling capacity (VCC) similar to R134a so... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Monika Suchanek, Anna Radzikowska and Christoph Thiele carried out an experiment in which they had successfully managed to label proteins from the cells of a monkey's kidney (COS7).
These cells were grown in a high-glucose medium, from which a sample of 3 cm² was removed to proceed with the western blotting. At about 7... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Oxygen depletion can result from a number of natural factors, but is most often a concern as a consequence of pollution and eutrophication in which plant nutrients enter a river, lake, or ocean, and phytoplankton blooms are encouraged. While phytoplankton, through photosynthesis, will raise DO saturation during dayligh... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Metal acyl complexes participate in several commercial processes, including:
*hydroformylation
*acetic acid synthesis
*Eastman acetic anhydride process
*Ethylene-carbon monoxide copolymerization
A reaction involving metal acyl complexes of occasional value in organic synthesis is the Tsuji–Wilkinson decarbonylation rea... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Hydrogen bonds are generally denoted by dotted or dashed lines. In other contexts, dashed lines may also represent partially formed or broken bonds in a transition state. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Zinc is present in almost 3,000 human proteins, and thus is essential for nearly all cellular functions. Zn is also a key constituent of enzymes involved in cell regulation. Consistent with its ubiquitous presence, total cellular Zn concentrations are typically very high (~200 μM), while the concentrations of free Zn i... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Indel (insertion-deletion) is a molecular biology term for an insertion or deletion of bases in the genome of an organism. Indels ≥ 50 bases in length are classified as structural variants.
In coding regions of the genome, unless the length of an indel is a multiple of 3, it will produce a frameshift mutation. For exam... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Postprandial somnolence (colloquially known as food coma, after-dinner dip, or "the itis") is a normal state of drowsiness or lassitude following a meal. Postprandial somnolence has two components: a general state of low energy related to activation of the parasympathetic nervous system in response to mass in the gastr... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The photoreceptor cells involved in vertebrate vision are the rods, the cones, and the photosensitive ganglion cells (ipRGCs). These cells contain a chromophore (11-cis-retinal, the aldehyde of vitamin A1 and light-absorbing portion) that is bound to a cell membrane protein, opsin. Rods are responsible for vision under... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Some of the best-known examples of quorum sensing come from studies of bacteria. Bacteria use quorum sensing to regulate certain phenotype expressions, which in turn, coordinate their behavio rs. Some common phenotypes include biofilm formation, virulence factor expression, and motility. Certain bacteria are able to us... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Plastocyanin is a copper-containing protein that mediates electron-transfer. It is found in a variety of plants, where it participates in photosynthesis. The protein is a prototype of the blue copper proteins, a family of intensely blue-colored metalloproteins. Specifically, it falls into the group of small type I blu... | 5 | Photochemistry |
3-Phosphoglyceric acid (3PG, 3-PGA, or PGA) is the conjugate acid of 3-phosphoglycerate or glycerate 3-phosphate (GP or G3P). This glycerate is a biochemically significant metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis and the Calvin-Benson cycle. The anion is often termed as PGA when referring to the Calvin-Benson cycle. ... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Geometrically chiral polytopes are relatively exotic compared to the more ordinary regular polytopes. It is not possible for a geometrically chiral polytope to be convex, and many geometrically chiral polytopes of note are skew. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Carbon nanotubes and graphene-based materials can be used as electrocatalysts. The carbon surfaces of graphene and carbon nanotubes are well suited to the adsorption of many chemical species, which can promote certain electrocatalytic reactions. In addition, their conductivity means they are good electrode materials. C... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Cynthia Larive is an American scientist and academic administrator serving as the chancellor of University of California, Santa Cruz. Larives research focuses on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and mass spectrometry. She was previously a professor of chemistry and provost and executive vice chancellor at ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Atomicity is the total number of atoms present in a molecule of an element. For example, each molecule of oxygen (O) is composed of two oxygen atoms. Therefore, the atomicity of oxygen is 2.
In older contexts, atomicity is sometimes equivalent to valency. Some authors also use the term to refer to the maximum number of... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The cut-and-paste transposition mechanism of class II TEs does not involve an RNA intermediate. The transpositions are catalyzed by several transposase enzymes. Some transposases non-specifically bind to any target site in DNA, whereas others bind to specific target sequences. The transposase makes a staggered cut at t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Graphitic corrosion is selective leaching of iron, from grey cast iron, where iron is removed and graphite grains remain intact. Affected surfaces develop a layer of graphite, rust, and metallurgical impurities that may inhibit further leaching. The effect can be substantially reduced by alloying the cast iron with nic... | 8 | Metallurgy |
In case of resistance to thyroid hormone, the magnitude of TTSI depends on which nucleotide in the THRB gene is mutated, but also on the genotype of coactivators. A systematic investigation in mice demonstrated a strong association of TT4RI to the genotypes of THRB and the steroid receptor coactivator (SRC-1) gene. | 1 | Biochemistry |
HIRs require long exposure to relatively high light levels. The degree of response will depend on the level of light. They are characterised by the fact that they do not follow the law of reciprocity and depend on the rate of photons hitting the leaf surface, as opposed to the total light levels. This means that neith... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Combining the laws of Charles, Boyle and Gay-Lussac gives the combined gas law, which takes the same functional form as the ideal gas law says that the number of moles is unspecified, and the ratio of to is simply taken as a constant:
where is the pressure of the gas, is the volume of the gas, is the absolute temp... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Orthopoxviruses and some other nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses synthesize RNA using a virally encoded multi-subunit RNAP. They are most similar to eukaryotic RNAPs, with some subunits minified or removed. Exactly which RNAP they are most similar to is a topic of debate. Most other viruses that synthesize RNA use un... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Flutamide has been studied in the treatment of bulimia nervosa in women.
Flutamide was found to be effective in the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) in men with comorbid Tourette's syndrome in one small randomized controlled trial. Conversely, it was ineffective in patients with OCD in another study. Mo... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
The compressor has operating boundaries at the flow extremes for a particular speed which are caused by different phenomena. The steepness of the high flow part of a constant speed line is due to the effects of compressibility. The position of the other end of the line is located by blade or passage flow separation. Th... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In a homogeneous crystalline structure, because of the uniform lattice structure of the metal ions, there is hardly any momentum transfer between the conduction electrons and the metal ions. However, this symmetry does not exist at the grain boundaries and material interfaces, and so here momentum is transferred much m... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
William Christopher Zeise (15 October 1789 – 12 November 1847) was a Danish organic chemist. He is best known for synthesising one of the first organometallic compounds, named Zeise's salt in his honour. He also performed pioneering studies in organosulfur chemistry, discovering the xanthates in 1823. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Particularly when two-photon absorption is utilized, high-powered lasers may be required that can be bulky, difficult to cool, and pose safety concerns. Existing optical drives utilize continuous wave diode lasers operating at 780 nm, 658 nm, or 405 nm. 3D optical storage drives may require solid-state lasers or pulsed... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Inverted cucurbiturils or iCB[x] are CB analogues with one glycoluril repeating unit inverted. In this unit the methine protons actually point into the cavity and this makes the cavity less spacious. Inverted cucurbiturils form as a side-product in CB-forming reactions, with yields between 2 and 0.4%. Isolation of this... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Knowledge of volatility is often useful in the separation of components from a mixture. When a mixture of condensed substances contains multiple substances with different levels of volatility, its temperature and pressure can be manipulated such that the more volatile components change to a vapor while the less volatil... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
*The cytochrome P450 isozymes play important roles in metabolism and steroidogenesis.
*The multiple forms of phosphodiesterase also play major roles in various biological processes. Although more than one form of these enzymes have been found in individual cells, these isoforms of the enzyme are unequally distributed ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
* Au/MCr2O4 (M = Co, Mn, Fe) catalysts in the oxidations of CO, C2, and C3 hydrocarbons (Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis, 2012, v105, pp69–78).
* Oxidation of CO and propane on Pt-Au/Al2O3 catalysts (Polish Journal of Chemistry, 2008, v82, pp1991-1997).
* Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Isobutane on VOx/oxide ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The atomic ratio is a measure of the ratio of atoms of one kind (i) to another kind (j). A closely related concept is the atomic percent (or at.%), which gives the percentage of one kind of atom relative to the total number of atoms. The molecular equivalents of these concepts are the molar fraction, or molar percent. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Woodward–Hoffmann rules can be stated succinctly as a single sentence: A ground-state pericyclic process is brought about by addition of thermal energy (i.e., heating the system, symbolized by Δ). In contrast, an excited-state pericyclic process takes place if a reactant is promoted to an electronically excited sta... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
There are three types of reactions that clinopyroxene is involved in and can be used for thermobarometry.
Univariant reactions or displaced equilibria reactions either create or destroy phases within the magma. Each phase will eventually crystalize as a unique mineral. Based on the temperature and pressure conditions, ... | 9 | Geochemistry |
If a dopant is added to the material (example: Nd in BaTiO) the impurity will tend to stick to the grain boundaries. As the grain boundary tries to move (as atoms jump from the convex to concave surface) the change in concentration of the dopant at the grain boundary will impose a drag on the boundary. The original con... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Isotopic tracers are used to examine processes in natural systems, especially terrestrial and aquatic environments. In soil science N tracers are used extensively to study nitrogen cycling, whereas C and C, stable and radioisotopes of carbon respectively, are used for studying turnover of organic compounds and fixatio... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Many of the advantages of cell-free protein array technology address the limitations of cell-based expression system used in traditional methods of protein microarray production. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Foldamers are classified into three different categories: peptidomimetic foldamers, nucleotidomimetic foldamers, and abiotic foldamers. Peptidomimetic foldamers are synthetic molecules that mimic the structure of proteins, while nucleotidomimetic foldamers are based on the interactions in nucleic acids. Abiotic folda... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Since the deep sea cores became available in the 1960s, paleoclimatic indices of planktonic foraminifera from marine sediments have been used for paleoclimatic reconstruction. Among the early pioneers to apply foraminifera latitudinal abundances, Ericson and Wollin (1968) succeeded in establishing the Pleistocene glaci... | 9 | Geochemistry |
In 1889, Ludwig Mond discovered that the combustion of coal with air and steam produced ammonia along with an extra gas, which was named the Mond gas. He discovered this while looking for a process to form ammonium sulfate, which was useful in agriculture. The process involved reacting low-quality coal with superheated... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In geochemistry, paleoclimatology, and paleoceanography δC (pronounced "delta c thirteen") is an isotopic signature, a measure of the ratio of the two stable isotopes of carbon—C and C—reported in parts per thousand (per mil, ‰). The measure is also widely used in archaeology for the reconstruction of past diets, parti... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Frank B. Mallory (March 17, 1933 - November 7, 2017) was a professor of organic chemistry at Bryn Mawr College. He was on faculty at Bryn Mawr for 54 years, the longest-serving faculty member in the schools history. His work focused on photochemistry, NMR spectroscopy, and solid-state chemistry. The Mallory reaction is... | 5 | Photochemistry |
De la Pirotechnia is considered to be one of the first printed books on metallurgy to have been published in Europe. It was written in Italian and first published in Venice in 1540. The author was Vannoccio Biringuccio, a citizen of Siena, Italy, who died before it was published. Further editions were published in ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
In bacteria, the initiation of translation occurs when IF-3, along with the 30S ribosomal subunit, bind to the Shine–Dalgarno (SD) sequence of the 5′ UTR. This then recruits many other proteins, such as the 50S ribosomal subunit, which allows for translation to begin. Each of these steps regulates the initiation of tra... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A thermal reservoir, also thermal energy reservoir or thermal bath, is a thermodynamic system with a heat capacity so large that the temperature of the reservoir changes relatively little when a significant amount of heat is added or extracted. As a conceptual simplification, it effectively functions as an infinite poo... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A gaur that died of natural causes had some skin cells frozen and added to the San Diego Frozen Zoo. Eight years later, DNA from these cells was inserted into a domestic-cow egg to create an embryo (trans-species cloning), which was then implanted in a domestic cow (Bos taurus). On 8 January 2001, the gaur, named Noah,... | 1 | Biochemistry |
RNAi intersects with a number of other pathways; as of 2010 it was not surprising that on occasion, nonspecific effects are triggered by the experimental introduction of an siRNA. When a mammalian cell encounters a double-stranded RNA such as an siRNA, it may mistake it as a viral by-product and mount an immune respons... | 1 | Biochemistry |
NBS, in the presence of a strong base, such as DBU, reacts with primary amides to produce a carbamate via the Hofmann rearrangement. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Cerium is a rare-earth element (lanthanide) characterized by two different redox states: III and IV. Contrary to other lanthanide elements, which are only trivalent (with the notable exception of Eu), Ce can be oxidized by atmospheric oxygen (O) to Ce under alkaline conditions.
The cerium anomaly relates to the decreas... | 9 | Geochemistry |
If one tries to predict the probability of collision with a classical model that treats the electron and atom as hard spheres, one finds that the probability of collision should be independent of the incident electron energy. However, Ramsauer and Townsend, independently observed that for slow-moving electrons in argon... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The popularity and success of the Joback method mainly originates from the single group list for all properties. This allows one to get all eleven supported properties from a single analysis of the molecular structure.
The Joback method additionally uses a very simple and easy to assign group scheme, which makes the m... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Alternative U-to-C mRNA editing was first reported in WT1 (Wilms Tumor-1) transcripts, and non-classic G-A mRNA changes were first observed in HNRNPK (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K) transcripts in both malignant and normal colorectal samples. The latter changes were also later seen alongside non-classic U-t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A disaccharide (also called a double sugar or biose) is the sugar formed when two monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic linkage. Like monosaccharides, disaccharides are simple sugars soluble in water. Three common examples are sucrose, lactose, and maltose.
Disaccharides are one of the four chemical groupings of car... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
As stated previously, Darken's first equation allows the calculation of the marker velocity in respect to a binary system where the two components have different diffusion coefficients. For this equation to be applicable, the analyzed system must have a constant concentration and can be modeled by the Boltzmann–Matano... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Generic versions of esomeprazole magnesium are available worldwide. It is available over-the-counter under the brand name Nexium in the United States and the UK. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Size-exclusion chromatography, also known as molecular sieve chromatography, is a chromatographic method in which molecules in solution are separated by their size, and in some cases molecular weight. It is usually applied to large molecules or macromolecular complexes such as proteins and industrial polymers. Typicall... | 1 | Biochemistry |
As MDCs contain low electrical conductivity in the desalination chamber and additional energy is not applied to the system, electron conductive-resins are applied to improve conductivity, decrease internal resistance and increase the desalination process of brackish waters. Brackish waters are low in salinity with a hi... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
PT has been shown to affect the innate immune response. It inhibits the early recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages, and interferes with early chemokine production and neutrophil chemotaxis. Chemokines are signalling molecules produced by infected cells and attract neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophil chemotaxi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The process is more environmentally friendly than traditional extraction methods. For the company this can translate into profit, since the necessary limiting of sulfur dioxide emissions during smelting is expensive. Less landscape damage occurs, since the bacteria involved grow naturally, and the mine and surrounding... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Originally, the FRAP technique was intended for use as a means to characterize the mobility of individual lipid molecules within a cell membrane. While providing great utility in this role, current research leans more toward investigation of artificial lipid membranes. Supported by hydrophilic or hydrophobic substrate... | 1 | Biochemistry |
HACNS1 (also known as CENTG2 and located in the Human Accelerated Region 2) is a gene enhancer "that may have contributed to the evolution of the uniquely opposable human thumb, and possibly also modifications in the ankle or foot that allow humans to walk on two legs". Evidence to date shows that of the 110,000 gene e... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Acinetobacter anitratus, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Actinomyces odontolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacteroides distasonis, Bacteroides uniformis, and Clostridium perfringens are generally susceptible to imipenem, while Acinetobacter baumannii, some Acinetobacter spp., Bacteroides fragilis, and Enterococcus faecali... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
[[Diels–Alder reaction|[4+2] cycloadditions]] of a diene and an alkene have been used as DCvC reactions. These reactions are often reversible at high temperatures. In the case of furan–maleimide adducts, the retro-cycloaddition is accessible at temperatures as low as 40 °C. | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Copper is found in association with many other metals and deposit styles. Commonly, copper is either formed within sedimentary rocks, or associated with igneous rocks.
The world's major copper deposits are formed within the granitic porphyry copper style. Copper is enriched by processes during crystallisation of the gr... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Norşuntepe is a tell, or archaeological settlement mound, in Elazığ Province (Turkey). The site was occupied between the Chalcolithic and Iron Age and is now partially submerged by Lake Keban. It was excavated between 1968 and 1974. | 8 | Metallurgy |
ESP was first developed and published in 2003 by Dr. Collins and his colleagues in University of California, San Francisco. Their study revealed the chromosome rearrangements and CNV of MCF7 human cancer cells at a 150kb resolution, which is much more accurate compared to both CGH and spectral karyotyping at that time.... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Microscopy with UV Surface Excitation (MUSE) is a novel microscopy method that utilizes the shallow penetration of UV photons (230–300 nm) excitation. Compared to conventional microscopes, which usually require sectioning to exclude blurred signals from outside of the focal plane, MUSE's low penetration depth limits th... | 5 | Photochemistry |
The company's formulation plant in Waltham Abbey was alleged to be at the centre and therefore the cause of a cancer hotspot. This was highlighted by Storyline, an investigative television programme by Carlton Television, in early 1993. Reports of an unusual occurrence of cancer around the plant and subsequent legal ac... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, a nitrone is a functional group consisting of an N-oxide of an imine. The general structure is , where R is not a hydrogen. Their primary application is intermediates in chemical synthesis. A nitrone is a 1,3-dipole used in cycloadditions, and a carbonyl mimic. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Ethnoarchaeology has been widely used in conjunction with experimental archaeology using the techniques of modern peoples as analogues to the processes of the past. The attempted use of ethnology in archaeology tries to counteract the cultural distance of the researcher from process by changing the context of experimen... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The active sites in PepA and in bovine lens LAP have been found to be similar. Shown in the picture below is the proposed model for the active site of LAP-A in tomato based on the work of Strater et al. It is also known that the biochemistry of the LAPs from these three kingdoms is very similar. PepA, bovine lens LAP, ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Bioceramics have been proposed as a possible treatment for cancer. Two methods of treatment have been proposed: hyperthermia and radiotherapy. Hyperthermia treatment involves implanting a bioceramic material that contains a ferrite or other magnetic material. The area is then exposed to an alternating magnetic field, w... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
With a theoretical decomposition energy of about 5 kJ/g, hydroxylamine is an explosive, and aqueous solutions above 80% can be easily detonated by detonator or strong heating under confinement. At least two factories dealing in hydroxylamine have been destroyed since 1999 with loss of life. It is known, however, that ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Calcium carbide is used in carbide lamps. Water dripping on carbide produces acetylene gas, which burns and produces light. While these lamps gave steadier and brighter light than candles, they were dangerous in coal mines, where flammable methane gas made them a serious hazard. The presence of flammable gases in coal ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
TOC is the first chemical analysis to be carried out on potential petroleum source rock in oil exploration. It is very important in detecting contaminants in drinking water, cooling water, water used in semiconductor manufacturing, and water for pharmaceutical use. Analysis may be made either as an online continuous m... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Phases can also be inferred by using a process called molecular replacement, where a similar molecules already-known phases are grafted onto the intensities of the molecule at hand, which are observationally determined. These phases can be obtained experimentally from a homologous molecule or if the phases are known f... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The CAG promoter is a strong synthetic promoter frequently used to drive high levels of gene expression in mammalian expression vectors.
CAG promoter was constructed in the lab of Dr Jun-ichi Miyazaki from the following sequences:
:(C) the cytomegalovirus (CMV) early enhancer element,
:(A) the promoter, the first exo... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Other factors, such as signaller arousal, receiver identity, or increased risk of predation from calling, do not have a significant effect on the frequency of alarm call production. | 1 | Biochemistry |
In chemistry, ion transport number, also called the transference number, is the fraction of the total electric current carried in an electrolyte by a given ionic species :
Differences in transport number arise from differences in electrical mobility. For example, in an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, less than hal... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Lectin and antibody arrays provide high-throughput screening of many samples containing glycans. This method uses either naturally occurring lectins or artificial monoclonal antibodies, where both are immobilized on a certain chip and incubated with a fluorescent glycoprotein sample.
Glycan arrays, like that offered by... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The concept of cone angle is most easily visualized with symmetrical ligands, e.g. PR. But the approach has been refined to include less symmetrical ligands of the type PRR′R″ as well as diphosphines. In such asymmetric cases, the substituent angles half angles, , are averaged and then doubled to find the total cone an... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Since FFT based analyzers are only capable of considering narrow bands, one technique is to combine swept and FFT analysis for consideration of wide and narrow spans. This technique allows for faster sweep time.
This method is made possible by first down converting the signal, then digitizing the intermediate frequency... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In physics, a Bragg plane is a plane in reciprocal space which bisects a reciprocal lattice vector, , at right angles. The Bragg plane is defined as part of the Von Laue condition for diffraction peaks in x-ray diffraction crystallography.
Considering the adjacent diagram, the arriving x-ray plane wave is defined by:
W... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a device that converts light energy into electrical energy. Fundamentally, the device needs to fulfill only two functions: photo-generation of charge carriers (electrons and holes) in a light-absorbing material, and separation of the charge carriers to a conductive contact that will... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
For example, consider the same problem from the previous section of a linear chain. The matrix is the unscaled elasticity matrix:
In this specific problem there are 3 species () and 4 reaction steps (), the elasticity matrix is therefore a matrix. However, a number of entries in the matrix will be zero. For example ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
* Achille Le Bel Grand Prize of the French Chemical Society (1979)
* Pierre Desnuelle Prize from the French Academy of sciences (1996)
* Medal of the Berthelot Foundation (1996)
* Claude S. Hudson Award in Carbohydrate Chemistry from the American Chemical Society (2007)
* Elected Correspondent of the Fre... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
* In the manga and anime series JoJos Bizarre Adventure, the Diamond is Unbreakable and Golden Wind' story arcs prominently feature a set of six arrows which are made out of meteoric iron sourced from the Cape York meteorite. | 8 | Metallurgy |
Hydroperoxides or peroxols are compounds of the form ROOH, where R stands for any group, typically organic, which contain the hydroperoxy functional group (). Hydroperoxide also refers to the hydroperoxide anion () and its salts, and the neutral hydroperoxyl radical (•OOH) consist of an unbond hydroperoxy group. When R... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Short-interspersed nuclear elements are transcribed by RNA polymerase III which is known to transcribe ribosomal RNA and tRNA, two types of RNA vital to ribosomal assembly and mRNA translation. SINEs, like tRNAs and many small-nuclear RNAs possess an internal promoter and thus are transcribed differently than most prot... | 1 | Biochemistry |
There is polyadenylation in the cytosol of some animal cell types, namely in the germ line, during early embryogenesis and in post-synaptic sites of nerve cells. This lengthens the poly(A) tail of an mRNA with a shortened poly(A) tail, so that the mRNA will be translated. These shortened poly(A) tails are often less th... | 1 | Biochemistry |
An indicator may be used to obtain quite precise measurements of pH by measuring absorbance quantitatively at two or more wavelengths. The principle can be illustrated by taking the indicator to be a simple acid, HA, which dissociates into H and A.
:HA H + A
The value of the acid dissociation constant, pK, must be ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP, also glycerone phosphate in older texts) is the anion with the formula HOCHC(O)CHOPO. This anion is involved in many metabolic pathways, including the Calvin cycle in plants and glycolysis. It is the phosphate ester of dihydroxyacetone. | 5 | Photochemistry |
The stable compound cyanamide, whose minor tautomer is carbodiimide, is an isomer of diazomethane. Less stable but still isolable isomers of diazomethane include the cyclic 3H-diazirine and isocyanoamine (isodiazomethane). In addition, the parent nitrilimine has been observed under matrix isolation conditions.
<br /> | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The PMCA technology has been used by several groups to understand the molecular mechanism of prion replication, the nature of the infectious agent, the phenomenon of prion strains and species barrier, the effect of cellular components, to detect PrP in tissues and biological fluids and to screen for inhibitors against ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
BLOSUM scores was used to predict and understand the surface gene variants among hepatitis B virus carriers and T-cell epitopes. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Patients who suffer from obstructive sleep apnea can experience impaired cardiac repolarization, increasing the morbidity and mortality of the condition greatly. Especially at higher altitudes, patients are much more susceptible to repolarization disturbances. This can be somewhat mitigated through the use of medicatio... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Photoproteins do not display typical enzyme kinetics as seen in luciferases. Instead, when mixed with luciferin, they display luminescence proportional to the amount of the photoprotein. For example, the photoprotein aequorin produces a flash of light when luciferin and calcium are added, rather than the prolonged glow... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In two dimensions, every figure which possesses an axis of symmetry is achiral, and it can be shown that every bounded achiral figure must have an axis of symmetry. (An axis of symmetry of a figure is a line , such that is invariant under the mapping , when is chosen to be the -axis of the coordinate system.) For th... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Levorphanol (brand name Levo-Dromoran) is an opioid medication used to treat moderate to severe pain. It is the levorotatory enantiomer of the compound racemorphan. Its dextrorotatory counterpart is dextrorphan.
It was first described in Germany in 1946. The drug has been in medical use in the United States since 1953. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
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