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Gaseous methylglyoxal has two carbonyl groups, an aldehyde and a ketone. In the presence of water, it exists as hydrates and oligomers. The formation of these hydrates is indicative of the high reactivity of MGO, which is relevant to its biological behavior. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Sputter damage is usually defined during transparent electrode deposition on optoelectronic devices, which is usually originated from the substrate's bombardment by highly energetic species. The main species involved in the process and the representative energies can be listed as (values taken from):
* Sputtered atoms... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Ynolates are chemical compounds with a negatively charged oxygen atom attached to an alkyne functionality. They were first synthesized in 1975 by Schöllkopf and Hoppe via the n-butyllithium fragmentation of 3,4-diphenylisoxazole.
Synthetically, they behave as ketene precursors or synthons. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
It is uncertain whether the use of mechanical closure of the cervical canal following embryo transfer has any effect.
There is considerable evidence that prolonges bed rest (more than 20 minutes) after embryo transfer is associated with reduced chances of clinical pregnancy.
Using hyaluronic acid as an adherence medium... | 1 | Biochemistry |
*Acidification − Browning enzymes, as other enzymes, are active at a specific range of pH. For example, PPO shows optimal activity at pH 5-7 and is inhibited below pH 3. Acidifying agents and acidity regulators are widely used as food additives to maintain a desired pH in food products. Acidulants, such as citric acid,... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Elizabeth A. Canuel is a chemical oceanographer known for her work on organic carbon cycling in aquatic environments. She is the Chancellor Professor of Marine Science at the College of William & Mary and is an elected fellow of the Geochemical Society and the European Association of Geochemistry. | 9 | Geochemistry |
Phosphatidic acids are anionic phospholipids important to cell signaling and direct activation of lipid-gated ion channels. Hydrolysis of phosphatidic acid gives rise to one molecule each of glycerol and phosphoric acid and two molecules of fatty acids. They constitute about 0.25% of phospholipids in the bilayer. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Single fluorophores can be chemically attached to biomolecules, such as proteins or DNA, and the dynamics of individual molecules can be tracked by monitoring the fluorescent probe. Spatial movements within the Rayleigh limit can be tracked, along with changes in emission intensity and/or radiative lifetime, which ofte... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Siefert writes:
:Classical thermodynamics, at its heart, deals with general laws governing the transformations of a system, in particular, those involving the exchange of heat, work and matter with an environment. As a central result, total entropy production is identified that in any such process can never decrease, l... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The two most common modes of nc-AFM operation, frequency modulation (FM) and amplitude modulation (AM), are described below. | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Reverse [2+2] photocycloaddition, decomposition of 1,2-dioxetanedione, is stated as the mechanism that produces light in glow sticks. | 5 | Photochemistry |
20α,22R-Dihydroxycholesterol, or (3β)-cholest-5-ene-3,20,22-triol is an endogenous, metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of the steroid hormones from cholesterol. Cholesterol ((3β)-cholest-5-en-3-ol) is hydroxylated by cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) to form 22R-hydroxycholesterol, which is subse... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Periphyton is a complex mixture of algae, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic microbes, and detritus that is attached to submerged surfaces in most aquatic ecosystems. The related term Aufwuchs (German "surface growth" or "overgrowth", ) refers to the collection of small animals and plants that adhere to open surfaces in aqua... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The phenolphthalein used in this test has been modified from its conventional form, in that it has been reduced by two electrons and is pre-dissolved in alkaline solution. This is typically achieved by boiling an alkaline solution of phenolphthalein with powdered zinc, which reduces the phenolphthalein into phenolphtha... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase is a cytochrome P450 heme enzyme that oxidizes cholesterol in the position 7 using molecular oxygen. It is an oxidoreductase. CYP7A1 is located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is important for the synthesis of bile acid and the regulation of cholesterol levels. | 1 | Biochemistry |
SLC18A2 is believed to possess at least two distinct binding sites, which are characterized by tetrabenazine (TBZ) and reserpine binding to the transporter. Amphetamine (TBZ site) and methamphetamine (reserpine site) bind at distinct sites on SLC18A2 to inhibit its function. SLC18A2 inhibitors like tetrabenazine and re... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The heavy-metal binding abilities of humic acids have been exploited to develop remediation technologies for removing lead from waste water. To this end, Yurishcheva et al. coated magnetic nanoparticles with humic acids. After capturing lead ions, the nanoparticles can then be captured using a magnet. | 9 | Geochemistry |
The importance of ocean acidification is reflected in its inclusion as one of seven Global Climate Indicators. These Indicators are a set of parameters that describe the changing climate without reducing climate change to only rising temperature. The Indicators include key information for the most relevant domains of c... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Thalidomide causes birth defects. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other regulatory agencies have approved marketing of the drug only with an auditable risk evaluation and mitigation strategy that ensures that people using the drug are aware of the risks and avoid pregnancy; this applies to both men and ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
* Roberto Todeschini, Viviana Consonni, Raimund Mannhold, Hugo Kubinyi & Hendrik Timmerman, 2008, "Entry: Electronic substituent constants (Hammet substituent constants, σ electronic constants)," in Handbook of Molecular Descriptors, Vol. 11 of Methods and Principles in Medicinal Chemistry (book series), pp. 144–157, N... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In photolysis cancer therapy, light is used to selectively break bonds which releases and activates a target drug molecule. The drug molecule can be released near or in tumour sites to combat the disease. TTA-UC materials that can be excited by near-infrared light are desirable for this application since near-infrared ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Phenol red is a weak estrogen mimic, and in cell cultures can enhance the growth of cells that express the estrogen receptor. It has been used to induce ovarian epithelial cells from post-menopausal women to differentiate into cells with properties of oocytes (eggs), with potential implications for both fertility treat... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
A relatively recent analytical tool that has been used for the separation of UCMs is comprehensive two-dimensional GC (GCxGC). This powerful technique, introduced by Liu and Phillips combines two GC columns with different separation mechanisms: typically a primary column that separates compounds based on volatility co... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Gaseous scintillators consist of nitrogen and the noble gases helium, argon, krypton, and xenon, with helium and xenon receiving the most attention. The scintillation process is due to the de-excitation of single atoms excited by the passage of an incoming particle. This de-excitation is very rapid (~1 ns), so the dete... | 5 | Photochemistry |
One of the earliest steps towards atomic physics was the recognition that matter was composed
of atoms. It forms a part of the texts written in 6th century BC to 2nd century BC, such as those of Democritus or written by . This theory was later developed in the modern sense of the basic unit of a chemical element by th... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
* 2023 President-elect Cell Stress Society International
* 2019 Fellow of Cell Stress Society International
*2017 Society for Basic Urological Research Young Investigator
* 2017 American Urological Association Research Scholar
* 2013 Early Career Award, Cell Stress Society International
* 2011 2011 Lasker~Bloomberg Pub... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A Stirling cycle is like an Otto cycle, except that the adiabats are replaced by isotherms. It is also the same as an Ericsson cycle with the isobaric processes substituted for constant volume processes.
# TOP and BOTTOM of the loop: a pair of quasi-parallel isothermal processes
# LEFT and RIGHT sides of the loop: a pa... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Bisulfite sequencing (also known as bisulphite sequencing) is the use of bisulfite treatment of DNA before routine sequencing to determine the pattern of methylation. DNA methylation was the first discovered epigenetic mark, and remains the most studied. In animals it predominantly involves the addition of a methyl gro... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Expression of genetic code in all life forms consists of two major processes, synthesis of copies of the genetic code recorded in DNA into the form of mRNA (transcription), and protein synthesis itself (translation), whereby the code copies in mRNA are decoded into amino acid sequences of the respective proteins. Both ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
An interest in the natural world, combined with the logic of science and math, attracted Lynch-Stieglitz to science and after a summer at the Duke University Marine Laboratory she decided on a career in physical oceanography. In 1986, she earned B.S. degrees in physics and geology from Duke University and for two years... | 9 | Geochemistry |
A wide variety of absorption band and line shapes exist, and the analysis of the band or line shape can be used to determine information about the system that causes it. In many cases it is convenient to assume that a narrow spectral line is a Lorentzian or Gaussian, depending respectively on the decay mechanism or tem... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The conditional entropy,
is the number of bits which would have to be transmitted to identify from equally likely possibilities, less the relative entropy of the product distribution from the true joint distribution — i.e. less the expected number of bits saved which would have had to be sent if the value of were ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Layered sedimentary deposits are widespread on Mars. These deposits probably consist of both sedimentary rock and poorly indurated or unconsolidated sediments. Thick sedimentary deposits occur in the interior of several canyons in Valles Marineris, within large craters in Arabia and Meridiani Planum (see Henry Crater f... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The Earth’s gravitational field acts upon colloidal particles. Therefore, if the colloidal particles are denser than the medium of suspension, they will sediment (fall to the bottom), or if they are less dense, they will cream (float to the top). Larger particles also have a greater tendency to sediment because they ha... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Siddiqui was a founder-member of the Indian and Pakistan Academies of Sciences, and later a founder member of the international body the Third World Academy of Sciences. The following are the honours he received, in reverse chronological order:
* Gold medal of the Soviet Academy of Sciences
* Third World Academy of Sci... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The only first-principles calculational tool currently available is lattice QCD, i.e. brute-force computer calculations. Because of a technical obstacle known as the fermion sign problem, this method can only be used at low density and high temperature (μ < T), and it predicts that the crossover to the quark–gluon plas... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A diverse range of biomolecules exist, including:
* Small molecules:
** Lipids, fatty acids, glycolipids, sterols, monosaccharides
** Vitamins
** Hormones, neurotransmitters
** Metabolites
* Monomers, oligomers and polymers: | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Based on the results of the pilot plant work, the MIM Holdings Board of Directors approved the construction of an A$65 million demonstration plant, capable of producing 60,000 t/y of lead bullion. This plant operated from early 1991 until 1995. It was initially designed to treat 20 t/h of lead concentrate using lance a... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Ramipril is marketed as Prilace by Arrow Pharmaceuticals in Australia, Ramipro by Westfield Pharma in the Philippines, Triatec by Sanofi-Aventis in Italy and United States and Altace by King Pharmaceuticals in the United States, Novapril by Pharmanova in Ghana, Ramitens by PharmaSwiss, Ampril by Krka in Slovenia, Corpr... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Half sandwich compounds, also known as piano stool complexes, are organometallic complexes that feature a cyclic polyhapto ligand bound to an ML center, where L is a unidentate ligand. Thousands of such complexes are known. Well-known examples include cyclobutadieneiron tricarbonyl and (CH)TiCl. Commercially useful exa... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Cooperativity is a phenomenon displayed by systems involving identical or near-identical elements, which act dependently of each other, relative to a hypothetical standard non-interacting system in which the individual elements are acting independently. One manifestation of this is enzymes or receptors that have multip... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The endocannabinoid system has been shown to have a homeostatic role by controlling several metabolic functions, such as energy storage and nutrient transport. It acts on peripheral tissues such as adipocytes, hepatocytes, the gastrointestinal tract, the skeletal muscles and the endocrine pancreas. It has also been imp... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Nucleic acid analogues are used in molecular biology for several purposes:
* Investigation of possible scenarios of the origin of life: By testing different analogs, researchers try to answer the question of whether life's use of DNA and RNA was selected over time due to its advantages, or if they were chosen by arbitr... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Like other organolithium compounds, tert-butyllithium is a cluster compound. Whereas n-butyllithium exists both as a hexamer and a tetramer, tert-butyllithium exists exclusively as a tetramer with a cubane structure. Bonding in organolithium clusters involves sigma delocalization and significant Li−Li bonding. Despite ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A phase-change material (PCM) is a substance which releases/absorbs sufficient energy at phase transition to provide useful heat or cooling. Generally the transition will be from one of the first two fundamental states of matter - solid and liquid - to the other. The phase transition may also be between non-classical... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Hedgehog protein family is involved in induction of cell types and the creation of tissue boundaries and patterning and are found in all bilateral organisms. Hedgehog proteins were first discovered and studied in Drosophila. Hedgehog proteins produce key signals for the establishment of limb and body plan of fruit... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Unlike ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy which measures absorbance, charge modulation spectroscopy measures the charge introduced optical transmission variation. In other words, it reveals the new features in optical transmission introduced by charges. In this setup, there are mainly four components: lamp, monochromator... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In genetics and cell biology, repression is a mechanism often used to decrease or inhibit the expression of a gene. Removal of repression is called derepression. This mechanism may occur at different stages in the expression of a gene, with the result of increasing the overall RNA or protein products. Dysregulation of ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW) is an isotopic standard for water, that is, a particular sample of water whose proportions of different isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen are accurately known. VSMOW is distilled from ocean water and does not contain salt or other impurities. Published and distributed by the Vienn... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The European Association of Geochemistry (EAG) is a pan-European organization founded to promotes geochemical research. The EAG organizes conferences, meetings and educational courses for geochemists in Europe, including the Goldschmidt Conference which it co-sponsors with the North American Geochemical Society. | 9 | Geochemistry |
As explained by Gibbs and appreciated by Maxwell, the advantage of a U-V-S (energy-volume-entropy) surface over the usual P-V-T (pressure-volume-temperature) surface was that it allowed to geometrically explain sharp, discontinuous phase transitions as emerging from a purely continuous and smooth state function ; Maxwe... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Experimentally verified and predicted telomere sequence motifs from more than 9000 species are collected in research community curated database [http://cfb.ceitec.muni.cz/telobase/ TeloBase]. Some of the experimentally verified telomere nucleotide sequences are also listed in [http://telomerase.asu.edu/sequences_telome... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The compound is prepared in the lab by treating benzyl alcohol with phosgene:
: PhCHOH + COCl → PhCHOC(O)Cl + HCl
Phosgene is used in excess to minimise the production of the carbonate (PhCHO)C=O.
The use of phosgene gas in the lab preparation carries a very large health hazard, and has been implicated in the chronic ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The free Maxwell equations imply that
The precedent equation implies that the quantity is constant. This time-independent quantity is one of the ten zilches discovered by Lipkin. Nowadays, the quantity is widely known as optical chirality (up to a factor of 1/2).
The quantity is the spatial density of optical chir... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
* University Faculty Scholar
* Premier's Research Excellence Award
* Marilyn Robinson Award for Excellence in Teaching
* Alumni Western, Bank of Nova Scotia, University Students' Council Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching (1997–98, 2001–02)
* Canadian National Congress-International Union Pure and Applied C... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In 1964, William Zisman published an article in the ACS publications on the "Relation of the Equilibrium Contact Angle to Liquid and Solid Constitution". It was in this article where he used what we call today as the Zisman plot. The Zisman plot is used to very quickly give a quantitative measurement of wettability, al... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Oxaziridines are intermediates in the peroxide process for the production of hydrazine. Many millions of kilograms of hydrazine are produced annually by this method that involves a step wherein ammonia is oxidized in the presence of methyl ethyl ketone to give the oxaziridine:
:Me(Et)C=O + NH + HO → Me(Et)CONH + HO
In ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Oxide fluxes are often combined to reduce volatility, viscosity, and reactivity towards the crucibles. Metallic fluxes aren't typically combined, as they do not suffer from the same volatility, viscosity, and reactivity issues. An ideal flux should have the following properties:
* Good solubility for desired compound a... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Birds not usually considered predators of mice do take voles; examples include gulls (Larus sp.), northern shrikes (Larius borealis), black-billed magpies (Pica hudsonica), common ravens (Corvus corax), American crows (C. brachyrhynchos), great blue herons (Ardea herodias), and American bitterns (Botaurus lentiginosus)... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
* Gamma (γ): This phase composes the matrix of Ni-based superalloy. It is a solid solution fcc austenitic phase of the alloying elements. The alloying elements most found in commercial Ni-based alloys are, C, Cr, Mo, W, Nb, Fe, Ti, Al, V, and Ta. During the formation of these materials, as they cool from the melt, carb... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The biochemical systems equation makes two key assumptions:
# Species exist in a well-stirred reactor, so there are no spatial gradients.
# Species concentrations are high enough so that stochastic effects are negligible | 1 | Biochemistry |
Modification of human genes in order to treat genetic diseases is referred to as gene therapy. Gene therapy is a medical procedure that involves inserting genetic material into a patients cells to repair or fix a malfunctioning gene in order to treat hereditary illnesses. Between 1989 and December 2018, over 2,900 clin... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Chemical weapons are said to "make deliberate use of the toxic properties of chemical substances to inflict death". At the start of World War II it was widely reported in newspapers that "entire regions of Europe" would be turned into "lifeless wastelands". However, chemical weapons were not used to the extent predicte... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Esketamine is the generic name of the drug and its and , while esketamine hydrochloride is its . It is also known as S(+)-ketamine, (S)-ketamine, or (–)-ketamine ((-)[+] ketamine), as well as by its developmental code name JNJ-54135419.
Esketamine is sold under the brand name Spravato for use as an antidepressant and ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Since only some plants need sodium and those in small quantities, a completely plant-based diet will generally be very low in sodium. This requires some herbivores to obtain their sodium from salt licks and other mineral sources. The animal need for sodium is probably the reason for the highly conserved ability to tast... | 1 | Biochemistry |
"Euhedral" is derived from the Greek eu meaning "well, good" and hedron meaning a seat or a face of a solid. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs) are based on the Gratzel cell, or dye-sensitized solar cell architecture, but employ low band gap semiconductor nanoparticles, fabricated with crystallite sizes small enough to form quantum dots (such as CdS, CdSe, Stibnite|, PbS, etc.), instead of organic or organometallic dyes as light... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In 2013 a cell with 2 nanometers of nickel on a silicon electrode, paired with a stainless steel electrode, immersed in an aqueous electrolyte of potassium borate and lithium borate operated for 80 hours without noticeable corrosion, versus 8 hours for titanium dioxide. In the process, about 150 ml of hydrogen gas was ... | 5 | Photochemistry |
The "black box" in the title refers to the conceptual tool in which, for one reason or another, the internal workings of a device are taken for granted, so that its function may be discussed. The philosophical tool is commonly used in scientific discourse, and Behe notes that understandings of cellular structure and o... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Vanadyl ribonucleoside is produced by combining vanadyl sulphate with various ribonucleosides (such as guanosine) in a 1:10 molar ratio. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Diazomethane is toxic by inhalation or by contact with the skin or eyes (TLV 0.2 ppm). Symptoms include chest discomfort, headache, weakness and, in severe cases, collapse. Symptoms may be delayed. Deaths from diazomethane poisoning have been reported. In one instance a laboratory worker consumed a hamburger near a fu... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
For blood tests, clinical chemists must process the specimen to obtain plasma and serum before testing for targeted analytes. This is most easily done by centrifugation, which packs the denser blood cells and platelets to the bottom of the centrifuge tube, leaving the liquid serum fraction resting above the packed cell... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Sephadex is used to separate molecules by molecular weight. Sephadex is a faster alternative to dialysis (de-salting), requiring a low dilution factor (as little as 1.4:1), with high activity recoveries. Sephadex is also used for buffer exchange and the removal of small molecules during the preparation of large biomole... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Erosion corrosion, also known as impingement damage, is the combined effect of corrosion and erosion caused by rapid flowing turbulent water. It is probably the second most common cause of copper tube failures behind Type 1 pitting which is also known as Cold Water Pitting of Copper Tube.
Copper Water Tubes
Copper tube... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Although small in terms of power, the disposal of waste heat from microchips and other electronic components, represents a significant engineering challenge. This necessitates the use of fans, heatsinks, etc. to dispose of the heat.
For example, data centers use electronic components that consume electricity for comput... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
An alternative method is to use liquid scintillation counting (LSC), where the sample is directly mixed with a scintillation cocktail. When the individual light emission events are counted, the LSC instrument records the amount of light energy per radioactive decay event. The alpha spectra obtained by liquid scintillat... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In 1856, Rudolf Clausius, referring to closed systems, in which transfers of matter do not occur, defined the second fundamental theorem (the second law of thermodynamics) in the mechanical theory of heat (thermodynamics): "if two transformations which, without necessitating any other permanent change, can mutually rep... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Reporter genes can be used to assay for the activity of a particular promoter in a cell or organism. In this case there is no separate "gene of interest"; the reporter gene is simply placed under the control of the target promoter and the reporter gene product's activity is quantitatively measured. The results are norm... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Prior to 1907, nearly all the copper mined in the US came from underground vein deposits, averaging 2.5 percent copper. By 1991, the average grade of copper ore mined in the US had fallen to only 0.6 percent. | 8 | Metallurgy |
The simplest way to understand the origin of RUMs is to consider the balance between the numbers of constraints and degrees of freedom of the network, an engineering analysis that dates back to James Clerk Maxwell and which was introduced to amorphous materials by Jim Phillips and Mike Thorpe. If the number of constrai... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
pH affects the reaction rate due to a variety of reasons. At a low pH, complexation of also occurs, leading to lower availability of to form reactive oxidative species (OH). Lower pH also results in the scavenging of OH by excess , hence reducing its reaction rate. Whereas at high pH, the reaction slows down due to p... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
In 2023, the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) and Oregon Health Authority issued a cyanobacteria advisory for much of the Willamette River as it runs through Portland. The advisory affected the Willamette from the Ross Island Lagoon through Cathedral Park. Testing by the DEQ showed microcystin levels at... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The distance is typically ≈110 pm, whereas the distance is ≈160 to 200 pm. The typical length of a hydrogen bond in water is 197 pm. The ideal bond angle depends on the nature of the hydrogen bond donor. The following hydrogen bond angles between a hydrofluoric acid donor and various acceptors have been determined ex... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Ghatak's contributions were primarily on stereochemically controlled organic synthesis and he was known developing methodologies for the synthesis of polycarbocyclic diterpenoids and bridged-ring compounds. His work on the four possible racemates of deoxypodocarpic acid, deisopropyl dehydroabietic acid and the correspo... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
His wide-ranging studies of protein structure have contributed insights to viral architecture, DNA–protein recognition, and cellular signaling.
Harrison has made important contributions to structural biology, most notably by determining and analyzing the structures of viruses and viral proteins, by crystallographic ana... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Dithiocarbamates are described by invoking resonance structures that emphasize the pi-donor properties of the amine group. This bonding arrangement is indicated by a short C–N distance and the coplanarity of the NCS core as well as the atoms attached to N.
Because of the pi-donation from nitrogen, dithiocarbamates are ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The luciferases of fireflies – of which there are over 2000 species – and of the other Elateroidea (click beetles and relatives in general) are diverse enough to be useful in molecular phylogeny. In fireflies, the oxygen required is supplied through a tube in the abdomen called the abdominal trachea. One well-studied... | 1 | Biochemistry |
random primed synthesis - reading frame - recessive - recognition sequence - recombinant DNA - recombination - recombination-repair - relaxed DNA - repetitive DNA - replica plating - reporter gene - repression - repressor - residue - response element - restriction - restriction endonuclease - restriction enzyme - restr... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Lichens are eaten by many different cultures across the world. Although some lichens are only eaten in times of famine, others are a staple food or even a delicacy. Two obstacles are often encountered when eating lichens: lichen polysaccharides are generally indigestible to humans, and lichens usually contain mildly to... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Construction of RSN is ongoing. As of September 19, 2014, the primary infrastructure and most of the secondary infrastructure was successfully in place, and OOI RSN and UW APL crews were working to complete the vertical moorings for the shallow profiler. | 9 | Geochemistry |
The alloys of tantalum–tungsten have high corrosion resistance, and refractory properties. The crystalline structure of the material is body-centered cubic with a substitutional solid solution with atoms of tungsten. The alloy also has a high melting point and can reach high elastic modulus and high tensile strength. | 8 | Metallurgy |
Similar assays can be performed for research purposes, detecting concentrations of potential clinical candidates like anti-fungal and asthma drugs. This technique is obviously useful in observing multiple species in collected samples, as well, but requires the use of standard solutions when information about species id... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In the acetalisation reaction, under acidic or basic conditions, an alcohol adds to the carbonyl group and a proton is transferred to form a hemiacetal. Under acidic conditions, the hemiacetal and the alcohol can further react to form an acetal and water. Simple hemiacetals are usually unstable, although cyclic ones su... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Ff phages (for F specific filamentous phages) is a group of almost identical filamentous phage (genus Inovirus) including phages f1, fd, M13 and ZJ/2, which infect bacteria bearing the F fertility factor. The virion (virus particle) is a flexible filament measuring about 6 by 900 nm, comprising a cylindrical protein t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Kai Simons (born 24 May 1938) is a Finnish professor of biochemistry and cell biology and physician living and working in Germany. He introduced the concept of lipid rafts, as well as coined the term trans-Golgi network and proposed its role in protein and lipid sorting. The co-founder and co-organizer of EMBO, ELSO, S... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In molecular biology, the NAD+ five-prime cap (NAD+ 5’ cap) refers to a molecule of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a nucleoside-containing metabolite, covalently bonded the 5’ end of cellular mRNA. While the more common methylated guanosine (m7G) cap is added to RNA by a capping complex that associates with ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In aromatic amines ("anilines"), nitrogen is often nearly planar owing to conjugation of the lone pair with the aryl substituent. The C-N distance is correspondingly shorter. In aniline, the C-N distance is the same as the C-C distances. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Prior to Kaminsky, titanium chlorides supported on various materials were widely used (and still are) as heterogeneous catalysts for alkene polymerization. These halides are typically activated by treatment with trimethylaluminium. Kaminsky discovered that titanocene and related complexes emulated some aspects of these... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
S-block compounds with low oxidation states can be short lived. There are various techniques available for use. However, the generation and detection of these molecules rely on frozen inert gas matrices, low pressures, high temperatures in the gas phase, or a combination of these. This can then be combined with theoret... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The a-keto stabilized ylides derived from bisphosphines like dppe, dppm, etc., viz., [PhPCHPPh]C(H)C(O)R and [PhPCHCHPPh]C(H)C(O)R (R = Me, Ph or OMe) constitute an important class of hybrid ligands containing both phosphine and ylide functionalities, and can exist in ylidic and enolate forms. These ligands can therefo... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
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