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An electro-switchable biosurface is a biosensor that is based on an electrode (often gold) to which a layer of biomolecules (often DNA molecules) has been tethered. An alternating or fixed electrical potential is applied to the electrode which causes changes in the structure and position (movement) of the charged biomo... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In August 1962 the Ministry of Health announced it was forming a poisons information service. This was after the Emergency Treatment in Hospital of Cases of Acute Poisoning published by the Central Health Services Council in March 1962. Many more household chemicals were on the market, and the chemical composition was ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The elongation phase starts once assembly of the elongation complex has been completed, and progresses until a termination sequence is encountered. The post-initiation movement of RNA polymerase is the target of another class of important regulatory mechanisms. For example, the transcriptional activator Tat affects elo... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Bisulfite sequencing is used widely across mammalian genomes, however complications have arisen with the discovery of a new mammalian DNA modification 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine converts to cytosine-5-methylsulfonate upon bisulfite treatment, which then reads as a C when sequenced. Therefore, bisu... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The reaction was originally carried out in diethyl ether and routinely generated high yields due to the inherent irreversibly of the reaction caused by the formation of nitrogen gas. Though these reactions can be carried out at room temperature, the rate does increase at higher temperatures. Typically, the reaction is... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Researchers prove that in the developing CNS, Nav1.2 is initially expressed at all forming nodes of Ranvier. Upon maturation, nodal Nav1.2 is down-regulated and replaced by Nav1.6. Nav1.2 is also expressed during PNS node formation, which suggests that the switching of Nav-channel subtypes is a general phenomenon in t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In the 2010s, machine learning emerged as a powerful tool for guiding catalyst discovery. More specifically, machine learning models such as multivariate linear regression have been applied to study the linear free energy relationships (LFERs) in catalytic asymmetric organic reactions. These relationships describe the ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Some organic materials pass through intermediate states between solid and liquid; these states are called mesophases. Attention has been directed to mesophases because they enable display devices and have become commercially important through the so-called liquid-crystal technology. Phase diagrams are used to describe ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The AAG Gold Medal is the highest award given by the international Association of Applied Geochemists (AAG). It recognizes recipients' lifetime achievements, or significant contributions to geochemistry and its applications. The medal is minted with the name of the recipient and the year of the award from two troy ounc... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Experimentally, the concentration of the molecule complex [AB] is obtained indirectly from the measurement of the concentration of a free molecules, either [A] or [B].
In principle, the total amounts of molecule [A] and [B] added to the reaction are known.
They separate into free and bound components according to the m... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Since 2000, light scattering systems have been used for biomedical applications such as the study of cellular morphology as well as the diagnosis of dysplasia. Variations in scattering distributions as a function of angle or wavelength have been used to deduce information regarding the size of cells and subcellular obj... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
When we stretch a piece of rubber, e.g. a rubber band, we notice that it deforms uniformly, lengthwise. Every element along its length experiences the same extension factor as the entire sample. If we release one end, the sample snaps back to its original length very rapidly, too fast for our eye to resolve the process... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The advantages are:
*Decrease in yield strength, therefore it is easier to work and uses less energy or force
*Increase in ductility
*Elevated temperatures increase diffusion which can remove or reduce chemical inhomogeneities
*Pores may reduce in size or close completely during deformation
*In steel, the weak, ductile... | 8 | Metallurgy |
In dilatational interfacial rheology, the size of the interface is changing over time. The change in the surface stress or surface tension of the interface is being measured during this deformation. Based on the response, interfacial viscoelasticity is calculated according to well established theories:
where
* |E| is t... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In metal borides, the bonding of boron varies depending on the atomic ratio B/M. Diborides have B/M = 2, as in the well-known superconductor MgB; they crystallize in a hexagonal AlB-type layered structure. Hexaborides have B/M = 6 and form a three-dimensional boron framework based on a boron octahedron (Fig. 1a). Tetra... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Etching is the immersion of the part into the chemical bath, and the action of the chemical on the part to be milled. The time spent immersed in the chemical bath determines the depth of the resulting etch; this time is calculated via the formula:
where E is the rate of etching (usually abbreviated to etch rate), s is ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Tom filed at least five patents in the UK and two in the US. He invented and patented the technology used at Thornaby as the Whitwell Heating Stove. Over two hundred stoves were installed in over 70 furnaces around the globe. He also patented a continuous brick-burning kiln and a more efficient fire grate. | 8 | Metallurgy |
Alarm photosynthesis represents an unknown photosynthetic variation to be added to the already known C4 and CAM pathways. However, alarm photosynthesis, in contrast to these pathways, operates as a biochemical pump that collects carbon from the organ interior (or from the soil) and not from the atmosphere. | 5 | Photochemistry |
The significance of peptide plane flips in the dynamics of the native state has been inferred in some proteins by comparing crystal structures of the same protein in multiple conformations. For example, peptide flips have been described as significant in the catalytic cycle of flavodoxin and in the formation of amyloi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Liebig formulated his own theory claiming that the production of alcohol was not a biological process but a chemical process, discrediting the idea that fermentation could occur due to microscopic organisms. He believed that vibrations emanating from the decomposition of organic matter would spread to the sugar resulti... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Amorphous materials have an internal structure consisting of interconnected structural blocks that can be similar to the basic structural units found in the corresponding crystalline phase of the same compound. Unlike in crystalline materials, however, no long-range order exists. Amorphous materials therefore cannot be... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Albion process is an atmospheric leaching process for processing zinc concentrate, refractory copper and refractory gold. The process is important because it is the most cost-effective method currently in use for extracting both the zinc and lead from concentrates that contain high lead levels (7% or greater). Zinc... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The term kodecyte is used to describe cells with detectable Function-Spacer-Lipid (FSL) constructs, and in concert, the term kodevirion (pronounced co-da-virion), is used to describe virions with detectable FSL constructs.
The method for labeling virions with FSL constructs is simple, non covalent and only involves inc... | 1 | Biochemistry |
There are a few common methods for filling the mold cavity: gravity, low-pressure, high-pressure, and vacuum.
Vacuum filling, also known as counter-gravity filling, is more metal efficient than gravity pouring because less material solidifies in the gating system. Gravity pouring only has a 15 to 50% metal yield as com... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Deamination of adenine results in the formation of hypoxanthine. Hypoxanthine, in a manner analogous to the imine tautomer of adenine, selectively base pairs with cytosine instead of thymine. This results in a post-replicative transition mutation, where the original A-T base pair transforms into a G-C base pair. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The pH of an alkaline soil can be reduced by adding acidifying agents or acidic organic materials. Elemental sulfur (90–99% S) has been used at application rates of – it slowly oxidizes in soil to form sulfuric acid. Acidifying fertilizers, such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and urea, can help to reduce the pH... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The major complication of IVF is the risk of multiple births. This is directly related to the practice of transferring multiple embryos at embryo transfer. Multiple births are related to increased risk of pregnancy loss, obstetrical complications, prematurity, and neonatal morbidity with the potential for long term dam... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The nanoDSF technology was used to confirm on-target binding of BI-3231 to HSD17B13 and to elucidate its uncompetitive mode of inhibition with regards to NAD. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Magma oceans are vast fields of surface magma that exist during periods of a planets or some natural satellites accretion when the celestial body is completely or partly molten.
In the early Solar System, magma oceans were formed by the melting of planetesimals and planetary impacts. Small planetesimals are melted by ... | 9 | Geochemistry |
DNA molecules were fixed on molten agarose developed between a cover slip and a microscope slide. Restriction enzyme was pre-mixed with the molten agarose before DNA placement and cleavage was triggered by addition of magnesium. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Several isozymes of malate dehydrogenase exist. There are two main isoforms in eukaryotic cells. One is found in the mitochondrial matrix, participating as a key enzyme in the citric acid cycle that catalyzes the oxidation of malate. The other is found in the cytoplasm, assisting the malate-aspartate shuttle with excha... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Pauling's rules are five rules published by Linus Pauling in 1929 for predicting and rationalizing the crystal structures of ionic compounds. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Fas forms the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) upon ligand binding. Membrane-anchored Fas ligand trimer on the surface of an adjacent cell causes oligomerization of Fas.
Recent studies which suggested the trimerization of Fas could not be validated. Other models suggested the oligomerization up to 5–7 Fas molecu... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Spinor condensates are degenerate Bose gases that have degrees of freedom arising from the internal spin of the constituent particles
They are described by a multi-component (spinor) order parameter.
Since their initial experimental realisation,
a wealth of studies have appeared, both
experimental and theoretical, foc... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Methylene (IUPAC name: Methylidene, also called carbene or methene) is an organic compound with the chemical formula (also written ). It is a colourless gas that fluoresces in the mid-infrared range, and only persists in dilution, or as an adduct.
Methylene is the simplest carbene. It is usually detected only at very ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Initially IOP attempted to sell the company as a complete unit but when this was unsuccessful they decided to sell the Fulmer companies at Stoke Poges and Slough, and the Yarsley operation at Redhill as separate entities.
In 1989 exploratory talks with an American testing and consultancy company were held regarding a m... | 8 | Metallurgy |
A pressure–volume diagram (or PV diagram, or volume–pressure loop) is used to describe corresponding changes in volume and pressure in a system. They are commonly used in thermodynamics, cardiovascular physiology, and respiratory physiology.
PV diagrams, originally called indicator diagrams, were developed in the 18th ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
There are slight iron isotopic variations in the oceans relative to IRMM-014, which likely reflect variations in the biogeochemical cycling of iron within a given ocean basin. In the southeastern Atlantic, δFe values between -0.13 and +0.21‰ have been measured. In the north Atlantic, δFe values between -1.35 and +0.80... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Degradation depends on the sensitivity of the material to the wavelength of X-rays used, the total dose of the X-rays, the temperature of the surface and the level of the vacuum. Metals, alloys, ceramics and most glasses are not measurably degraded by either non-monochromatic or monochromatic X-rays. Some, but not all,... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The earliest smelted iron object from Europe is a knife blade from the Catacomb culture in present day Ukraine, dated to c. 2500 BC. During most of the Middle and Late Bronze Age in Europe, iron was present, though scarce. It was used for personal ornaments and small knives, for repairs on bronzes, and for bimetallic i... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The Wigner–Seitz cell always has the same point symmetry as the underlying Bravais lattice. For example, the cube, truncated octahedron, and rhombic dodecahedron have point symmetry O, since the respective Bravais lattices used to generate them all belong to the cubic lattice system, which has O point symmetry. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The synthesis of molograms on the sensor chip is realized with properly designed surface chemistry and reactive immersion lithography (RIL). Through the RIL process the biomolecular recognition structure of the mologram on a light-sensitive non-fouling graft copolymer layer can be created by standard lithography techn... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Phenol–chloroform extraction is a liquid-liquid extraction technique in molecular biology used to separate nucleic acids from proteins and lipids. | 1 | Biochemistry |
In contact with water, hydrogen is created. Hence, sodium–potassium alloys are used as desiccants in drying solvents prior to distillation. | 8 | Metallurgy |
Sertraline and amitriptyline inhibit butyrylcholinesterase and cause prolonged paralysis. Mivacurium causes prolonged paralysis for patients chronically taking sertraline. | 1 | Biochemistry |
A definition of thermodynamic entropy can be based entirely on certain properties of the relation of adiabatic accessibility that are taken as axioms in the Lieb-Yngvason approach. In the following list of properties of the operator, a system is represented by a capital letter, e.g. X, Y or Z. A system X whose extens... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
mTORC1 activation is required for myofibrillar muscle protein synthesis and skeletal muscle hypertrophy in humans in response to both physical exercise and ingestion of certain amino acids or amino acid derivatives. Persistent inactivation of mTORC1 signaling in skeletal muscle facilitates the loss of muscle mass and s... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Hydrocarbon mixtures are a group of various volatile, highly flammable, mixtures used chiefly as nonpolar solvents. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
During the M-to-G1 transition, pRb is then progressively dephosphorylated by PP1, returning to its growth-suppressive hypophosphorylated state.
pRb family proteins are components of the DREAM complex composed of DP, E2F4/5, RB-like (p130/p107) And MuvB (Lin9:Lin37:Lin52:RbAbP4:Lin54). The DREAM complex is assembled in ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Ellingham curve for aluminium lies below the curves of most metals such as chromium, iron, etc. This fact indicates that aluminium can be used as the reducing agent for oxides of all these metals. This result is illustrated as follows:
The free energies of formation of chromium(III) oxide and aluminium oxide per mo... | 8 | Metallurgy |
There are a very large number of petrochemicals produced from the BTX aromatics. The following diagram shows the chains leading from the BTX components to some of the petrochemicals that can be produced from those components: | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The orientation of a glide plane is given by the position of the symbol in the Hermann–Mauguin designation, just as with mirror planes.
They are noted by a, b, or c depending on which axis (direction) the glide is along. There is also the n glide, which is a glide along the half of a diagonal of a face, and the d glide... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The oldest and most commonly used atomizers in AAS are flames, principally the air-acetylene flame with a temperature of about 2300 °C and the nitrous oxide system (NO)-acetylene flame with a temperature of about 2700 °C. The latter flame, in addition, offers a more reducing environment, being ideally suited for analyt... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Gold deposits are formed via a very wide variety of geological processes. Deposits are classified as primary, alluvial or placer deposits, or residual or laterite deposits. Often a deposit will contain a mixture of all three types of ore.
Plate tectonics is the underlying mechanism for generating gold deposits. The maj... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Pourbaix diagrams are widely used to describe the behaviour of chemical species in the hydrosphere. In this context, reduction potential is often used instead of . The main advantage is to directly work with a logarithm scale.
is a dimensionless number and can easily be related to by the equation:
Where, is the t... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Neisseria meningitidis has multiple type II restriction endonuclease systems that are employed in natural genetic transformation. Natural genetic transformation is a process by which a recipient bacterial cell can take up DNA from a neighboring donor bacterial cell and integrate this DNA into its genome by recombinatio... | 1 | Biochemistry |
* Fellow, King's College, Cambridge University (1969–1973, 2007– for Life)
* Professor at H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry at Karachi University
* Professor Emeritus at H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry at Karachi University (2012)
* Coordinator General of COMSTECH(1996–2012)
* Federal Minister of Science & ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
After creating a series of traditionally chiral calixarenes (through the addition of a chiral substituent group on the top or bottom rim of the macrocycle,) the first inherently chiral calixarenes were synthesized in 1982, though the molecules were not yet described as such. The inherently chiral calixarenes featured ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Helium-4 is a liquid at normal pressure near absolute zero, a consequence of its high zero-point energy (ZPE). The ZPE of protons in a dense state is also high, and a decline in the ordering energy (relative to the ZPE) is expected at high pressures. Arguments have been advanced by Neil Ashcroft and others that there i... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In colloidal chemistry, flocculation is a process by which colloidal particles come out of suspension to sediment in the form of floc or flake, either spontaneously or due to the addition of a clarifying agent. The action differs from precipitation in that, prior to flocculation, colloids are merely suspended, under th... | 8 | Metallurgy |
δO can be used with ice cores to determine the temperature from when the ice was formed.
Lisiecki and Raymo (2005) used measurements of δO in benthic foraminifera from 57 globally distributed deep sea sediment cores, taken as a proxy for the total global mass of glacial ice sheets, to reconstruct the climate for the pa... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Titanium aluminide (chemical formula TiAl), commonly gamma titanium, is an intermetallic chemical compound. It is lightweight and resistant to oxidation and heat, but has low ductility. The density of γ-TiAl is about 4.0 g/cm. It finds use in several applications including aircraft, jet engines, sporting equipment and... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Heteroatoms aside from the transition metal are a defining feature of heteropolymetalates. Many different elements can serve as heteroatoms but most common are Phosphate|, Silicate|, and Arsenate|. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Andrew Bruce Holmes (born 5 September 1943) is an Australian and British senior research chemist and professor at the Bio21 Institute, Melbourne, Australia, and the past President of the Australian Academy of Science. His research interests lie in the synthesis of biologically-active natural products (spanning therap... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The pentose phosphate pathway gets its name because it involves several intermediates that are phosphorylated five-carbon sugars (pentoses). This pathway provides monomers for many metabolic pathways by transforming glucose into the four-carbon sugar erythrose and the five-carbon sugar ribose; these are important monom... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Another mechanism involving the structure of the 3′-UTR is called alternative polyadenylation (APA), which results in mRNA isoforms that differ only in their 3′-UTRs. This mechanism is especially useful for complex organisms as it provides a means of expressing the same protein but in varying amounts and locations. It ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Membership of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) is an award granted by the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) in recognition of "research excellence and the outstanding achievements made by a life scientist".
, 88 EMBO Members and Associate Members have been awarded Nobel Prizes in either ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
One method for preparing β-phenethylamine, set forth in J. C. Robinson and H. R. Snyders Organic Syntheses' (published 1955), involves the reduction of benzyl cyanide with hydrogen in liquid ammonia, in the presence of a Raney-Nickel catalyst, at a temperature of 130 °C and a pressure of 13.8 MPa. Alternative syntheses... | 1 | Biochemistry |
During plastic deformation the work performed is the integral of the stress and strain in the plastic deformation regime. Although the majority of this work is converted to heat, some fraction (~1–5%) is retained in the material as defects—particularly dislocations. The rearrangement or elimination of these dislocation... | 8 | Metallurgy |
EPIC-seq has demonstrated remarkable potential in noninvasive cancer detection, notably in the diagnosis of lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Using EPIC-seq, researchers have achieved high accuracy in distinguishing between NSCLC patients, DLBCL patients and healthy individuals. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Recent studies have shown that SK channels do not only regulate afterhyperpolarization, they also have an effect on synaptic plasticity. This is the activity-dependent adaptation of the strength of synaptic transmission. Synaptic plasticity is an important mechanism underlying learning and memory processes. Apamin is e... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Extraction thimbles are rod-shape filter paper often used in soxhlet extractors or atomized extractors. It is ideal for very sensitive detection, the performance depends on the thickness of inner diameter. Also, it is usually used in areas of food control and environmental monitoring. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
* Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes ([http://www.kegg.jp/ KEGG]): a bioinformatics database containing information on genes, proteins, reactions, and pathways. The ‘KEGG Organisms’ section, which is divided into eukaryotes and prokaryotes, encompasses many organisms for which gene and DNA information can be searc... | 1 | Biochemistry |
3-Azidocoumarin is an organic compound that is used in the area of bioconjugation. It is a derivative of coumarin, a natural product and precursor for the widely used Coumadin. Azidocoumarin has emerged as a widely applicable labeling agent in diverse biological systems. In particular, it participates in the aptly name... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The proposed mechanism of how this mRNA secondary structure and the trp leader peptide could regulate transcription of the trp biosynthetic enzymes includes the following.
*RNAP initiates transcription of the trp promoter.
*RNAP pauses at about nucleotide 90 at a secondary structure (?the first one shown above?).
*Ribo... | 1 | Biochemistry |
PAVA spray is an incapacitant spray similar to pepper spray. It is dispensed from a handheld canister, in a liquid stream. It contains a 0.3% solution of pelargonic acid vanillylamide (PAVA), also called nonivamide, a synthetic capsaicinoid (analogue of capsaicin), in a solvent of aqueous ethanol. The propellant is nit... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The technique of selecting only one embryo to transfer to the woman is called elective-single embryo transfer (e-SET) or, when embryos are at the blastocyst stage, it can also be called elective single blastocyst transfer (eSBT). It significantly lowers the risk of multiple pregnancies, compared with e.g. Double Embryo... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The dominant use for sulfuric acid is in the "wet method" for the production of phosphoric acid, used for manufacture of phosphate fertilizers. In this method, phosphate rock is used, and more than 100 million tonnes are processed annually. This raw material is shown below as fluorapatite, though the exact composition ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
When applied to polymers, the term crystalline has a somewhat ambiguous usage. In some cases, the term crystalline finds identical usage to that used in conventional crystallography. For example, the structure of a crystalline protein or polynucleotide, such as a sample prepared for x-ray crystallography, may be define... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED), is a technique used to characterize the surface of crystalline materials by reflecting electrons off a surface. As illustrated for the Ewald sphere construction in Figure 22, it uses mainly the higher-order Laue zones which have a reflection component. An experimenta... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
6-Hydroxymelatonin (6-OHM) is a naturally occurring, endogenous, major active metabolite of melatonin. Similar to melatonin, 6-OHM is a full agonist of the MT and MT receptors. It is also an antioxidant and neuroprotective, and is even more potent in this regard relative to melatonin. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Private members include individuals such as researchers, scientists, industrial practitioners, journalists or professors with extensive expertise, passion or active in fields related to the refrigeration sector. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The CD 4+ cells through their T cell receptor-CD3 complex recognize the epitope-bound MHC II molecules on the surface of the antigen presenting cells, and get activated. Upon this activation, these T cells proliferate and differentiate into T1 or T2 cells. This makes them produce soluble chemical signals that promote t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Many structural domains have been conserved through evolution, as prokaryotic initiation factors share similar structures with eukaryotic factors. The prokaryotic initiation factor, IF3, assists with start site specificity, as well as mRNA binding. This is in comparison with the eukaryotic initiation factor, eIF1, who ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The metabolome refers to the complete set of small-molecule chemicals found within a biological sample. The biological sample can be a cell, a cellular organelle, an organ, a tissue, a tissue extract, a biofluid or an entire organism. The small molecule chemicals found in a given metabolome may include both endogenous... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Quinapril inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme, an enzyme which catalyses the formation of angiotensin II from its precursor, angiotensin I. Angiotensin II is a powerful vasoconstrictor and increases blood pressure through a variety of mechanisms. Due to reduced angiotensin production, plasma concentrations of aldost... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
An ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) is a field-effect transistor used for measuring ion concentrations in solution; when the ion concentration (such as H, see pH scale) changes, the current through the transistor will change accordingly. Here, the solution is used as the gate electrode. A voltage between s... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The z-average molar mass is the third moment or third power average molar mass, which is calculated by
The z-average molar mass can be determined with ultracentrifugation. The melt elasticity of a polymer is dependent on . | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The DNA base editors, developed at Harvard University under David Liu, allow altering the genomic structure of DNA. The base editors include BE3, BE4 and ABE7.
BE3 and its later version, BE4 allow to change the nucleobase C to T and nucleobase G to A. ABE7 allows to change A-T base pairs into G-C base pairs. The system... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Observations at the site have led scientists to believe that the area was flooded with water a number of times and was subjected to evaporation and desiccation. In the process sulfates were deposited. After sulfates cemented the sediments, hematite concretions grew by precipitation from groundwater. Some sulfates fo... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Meteorin-like/Meteorin-Beta (Metrnl)/IL-41, also known as subfatin and cometin, is a small (~27kDa) secreted cytokine, protein encoded by a gene called meteorin-like (METRNL). METRNL is highly expressed in mucosal tissues, skin and activated macrophages.
Metrnl has also been described to be a hormone
A screen of human ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Sinking oceanic particles encompass a wide range of shape, porosity, ballast and other characteristics. The model shown in the diagram at the right attempts to capture some of the predominant features that influence the shape of the sinking flux profile (red line).
The sinking of organic particles produced in the uppe... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sometimes written sodium laurilsulfate, is an organic compound with the formula and structure . It is an anionic surfactant used in many cleaning and hygiene products. This compound is the sodium salt of the 12-carbon organosulfate. Its hydrocarbon tail comb... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Yoon was born in Montreal, Quebec and grew up in Blacksburg, VA. As an undergraduate at Harvard University, he became fascinated by organic chemistry working in the laboratories of leading experts in contemporary asymmetric synthesis. Specifically, Yoon first experienced research in David A. Evans's lab studying stereo... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Cell biology research looks at different ways to culture and manipulate cells outside of a living body to further research in human anatomy and physiology, and to derive medications.The techniques by which cells are studied have evolved. Due to advancements in microscopy, techniques and technology have allowed scientis... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 calls for the production of of renewable fuels by 2022, including of corn-based ethanol, a tripling of current production that would require a similar increase in corn production. Unfortunately, the plan poses a new problem; the increase in demand for corn production r... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Extra-thyroidal iodine exists in several other organs, including the mammary glands, eyes, gastric mucosa, cervix, cerebrospinal fluid, arterial walls, ovary and salivary glands. In the cells of these tissues the iodide ion (I) enters directly by the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS). Different tissue responses for iodine ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Different genotypes may compete with each other in a way that is not beneficial for the population. A pure line optimized for a certain environment or usage outperforms the CCP under these specific conditions.
There is no reason to believe that the Darwinian selection will work in the desired direction for traits such... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Since life started on Earth, the energy provided by the Sun has increased by 25% to 30%; however, the surface temperature of the planet has remained within the levels of habitability, reaching quite regular low and high margins. Lovelock has also hypothesised that methanogens produced elevated levels of methane in the... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The light chain gene has three gene segments. These include: the light chain variable region (V), joining region (J), and constant region (C) gene segments. The variable region of light is therefore encoded by the rearrangement of VJ segments. The light chain can be either kappa,κ or lambda,λ. This process takes place... | 1 | Biochemistry |
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