text stringlengths 105 4.44k | label int64 0 9 | label_text stringclasses 10
values |
|---|---|---|
In Twin Roll Melt Spinning two rollers or drums are used instead of one. The rollers are placed side by side, and rotated such that the one to the left spins clockwise, and the one on the right spins counter-clockwise. This configuration results in material passing between the rollers being pulled down. The melt is jet... | 8 | Metallurgy |
There are two methods of smelting zinc: the pyrometallurgical process and the electrolysis process. Both methods are still used. Both of these processes share the same first step: roasting. | 8 | Metallurgy |
Solar energy conversion can impact not only just individual customers but whole communities. In a growing number of neighborhoods across America, the conventional model of independent, non-connected rooftop installations is being replaced by community-sized solar microgrids. The idea of “community solar” first became p... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
An organism is suitable for a GUS assay if it lacks naturally occurring β-glucuronidase activity or if the activity is very low (background activity). For this reason, the assay is not useful in most vertebrates and many molluscs. Since there is no detectable GUS activity in higher plants, mosses, algae, ferns, fungi a... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The principle can also be used in renal physiology to calculate renal blood flow.
In this context, it is not oxygen which is measured, but a marker such as para-aminohippurate. However, the principles are essentially the same. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Molecules, by definition, are most often held together with covalent bonds involving single, double, and/or triple bonds, where a "bond" is a shared pair of electrons (the other method of bonding between atoms is called ionic bonding and involves a positive cation and a negative anion).
Molecular geometries can be spec... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) has been widely used for measuring protein adsorption with high sensitivity. This technique is based on the excitation of surface plasmons, longitudinal electromagnetic waves originated at the interface between metals and dielectrics. The deposition on the conducting surface of molecules... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In optics, absorbance or decadic absorbance is the common logarithm of the ratio of incident to radiant power through a material, and spectral absorbance or spectral decadic absorbance is the common logarithm of the ratio of incident to spectral radiant power through a material. Absorbance is dimensionless, and in pa... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The absorbance of a material that has only one absorbing species also depends on the pathlength and the concentration of the species, according to the Beer–Lambert law
where
* is the molar absorption coefficient of that material;
* is the molar concentration of those species;
* is the path length.
Different disciplines... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
*2009 – Our Women, Our State (Queensland Government) – Highly Commended
*2011 – Leighton Medal of the Royal Australian Chemical Institute, in recognition of her contributions and leadership to the chemistry community, within Australia and overseas.
*2013 – Distinguished Woman in Chemistry or Chemical Engineering award ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Born in Accrington, Lancashire, England, on 9 March 1941, Halton was the only child of John Henry Halton and Mary (May) Halton (née Robinson). He contracted bovine tuberculosis as a young child and consequently missed two years of his early education. Later he attended St Josephs College, Blackpool, and St Josephs Acad... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Neurochemical Research is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering neurochemistry. It was established in 1976 and is published by Springer Science+Business Media. The editor-in-chief is Arne Schousboe (University of Copenhagen). | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Folin–Ciocâlteu reagent (FCR) or Folins phenol reagent or Folin–Denis reagent, is a mixture of phosphomolybdate and phosphotungstate used for the colorimetric in vitro' assay of phenolic and polyphenolic antioxidants, also called the gallic acid equivalence method (GAE). It is named after Otto Folin, Vintilă Cioc... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Merrilactone A is one of the four sesquiterpenes that were newly discovered from the fruit of Illicium merrillianum in 2000. Members of the genus Illicium include Chinese star anise, widely used as a spice for flavouring food and beverages, and also poisonous plants such as Japanese star anise. Chemical studies of Ill... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Mond gas could be produced and used more efficiently than other gases in the late 19th and early 20th century. The gas was used as fuel for street lighting and basic residential uses that required gas such as ovens, kilns, furnaces, and boilers. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The heat deflection temperature or heat distortion temperature (HDT, HDTUL, or DTUL) is the temperature at which a polymer or plastic sample deforms under a specified load. This property of a given plastic material is applied in many aspects of product design, engineering and manufacture of products using thermoplasti... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
On the periodic table, homologous elements share many electrochemical properties and appear in the same group (column) of the table. For example, all noble gases are colorless, monatomic gases with very low reactivity. These similarities are due to similar structure in their outer shells of valence electrons. Mendeleev... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Let the unperturbed atom or molecule be in a g-fold degenerate state with orthonormal zeroth-order state functions . (Non-degeneracy is the special case g = 1). According to perturbation theory the first-order energies are the eigenvalues of the g × g matrix with general element
If g = 1 (as is often the case for ele... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
DNA molecules contain 5-membered carbon rings called riboses that are directly attached to two phosphate groups and a nucleobase that contains amino groups. The nitrogen atoms from the amino group in the nucleotides are covalently linked to the anomeric carbon of the ribose sugar structure through an N-glycosidic bond.... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Argentation chromatography is chromatography using a stationary phase that contains silver salts. Silver-containing stationary phases are well suited for separating organic compounds on the basis of the number and type of alkene groups. The technique is employed for gas chromatography and various types of liquid chroma... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Faraday's laws can be summarized by
where is the molar mass of the substance (usually given in SI units of grams per mole) and is the valency of the ions .
For Faraday's first law, are constants; thus, the larger the value of , the larger will be.
For Faraday's second law, are constants; thus, the larger the value... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In 1772, the chemist Joseph Priestley carried out a series of experiments relating to the gases involved in respiration and combustion. In his first experiment, he lit a candle and placed it under an upturned jar. After a short period of time, the candle burned out. He carried out a similar experiment with a mouse in t... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Ellipsometry is an optical technique for investigating the dielectric properties (complex refractive index or dielectric function) of thin films. Ellipsometry measures the change of polarization upon reflection or transmission and compares it to a model.
It can be used to characterize composition, roughness, thickness ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Vanadium nitrogenases are found in members of the bacterial genus Azotobacter as well as the species Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Anabaena variabilis. Most of the functions of vanadium nitrogenase match those of the more common molybdenum nitrogenases and serve as an alternative pathway for nitrogen fixation in molyb... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
If an abnormality is found, i.e. the B12 in the urine is only present in low levels, the test is repeated, this time with additional oral intrinsic factor.
* If this second urine collection is normal, this shows a lack of intrinsic factor production. This is by definition pernicious anemia.
* A low result on the second... | 1 | Biochemistry |
This category groups pages related to Internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) of RNA. IRESs are a nucleotide sequence that directs translation initiation in the middle of a messenger RNA (mRNA) as opposed to the usual process where initiation occurs at the five-prime end. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Vitamin D (cholecalciferol) is produced industrially by exposing 7-dehydrocholesterol to UVB and UVC light, followed by purification. The 7-dehydrocholesterol is a natural substance in fish organs, especially the liver, in wool grease (lanolin) from sheep and in some plants, like lichen (Cladonia rangiferina). Vitamin ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
This book consists of the arguments used against the art and Agricolas counter arguments. He explains that mining and prospecting are not just a matter of luck and hard work; there is specialized knowledge that must be learned. A miner should have knowledge of philosophy, medicine, astronomy, surveying, arithmetic, arc... | 8 | Metallurgy |
There are three groups of methods for correlating and predicting LCSTs. The first group proposes models that are based on a solid theoretical background using liquid–liquid or vapor–liquid experimental data. These methods require experimental data to adjust the unknown parameters, resulting in limited predictive abilit... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
One solution to the problem of oxidation is to replace the hydrogens ortho to the carbon-carbon double bond by groups that can not be removed during the oxidation. Following the Woodward–Hoffmann rules, the photochemical 6π cyclization takes place in a conrotatory fashion, leading to products with an anti configuration... | 5 | Photochemistry |
In chemistry, a cavitand is a container-shaped molecule. The cavity of the cavitand allows it to engage in host–guest chemistry with guest molecules of a complementary shape and size. The original definition proposed by Cram includes many classes of molecules: cyclodextrins, calixarenes, pillararenes and cucurbituril... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
The saprobic system has a long history in German-language countries. The idea of saprobes to estimate water quality has been foreshadowed by the works of Arthur Hill Hassall (1850) and Ferdinand Julius Cohn (1853). In a series of publications, the Germans botanists Richard Kolkwitz and Maximilian Marsson (1902, 1908, 1... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Respiration in cyanobacteria can occur in the thylakoid membrane alongside photosynthesis, with their photosynthetic electron transport sharing the same compartment as the components of respiratory electron transport. While the goal of photosynthesis is to store energy by building carbohydrates from CO, respiration is ... | 5 | Photochemistry |
The H function can be approximated up to an order as
where are the zeros of Legendre polynomials and are the positive, non vanishing roots of the associated characteristic equation
where are the quadrature weights given by | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) refers to proteins containing a biotin attachment domain that carry biotin and carboxybiotin throughout the ATP-dependent carboxylation by biotin-dependent carboxylases. The biotin carboxyl carrier protein is an Acetyl CoA subunit that allows for Acetyl CoA to be catalyzed and con... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Multistep tandem reactions (or cascade reactions) are a sequence of chemical transformations (usually more than two steps) that happens consecutively to convert a starting material to a complex product. This kind of organic reactions are designed to construct difficult structures encountered in natural product total sy... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The precursor to nylon, adipic acid, is produced on a large scale by oxidation of "KA oil"—a mixture of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol—with nitric acid. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
A large number of examples of vicinal difunctionalization of unsaturated carbonyl compounds exist in the literature. In one example, the difunctionalization of unsaturated lactone 1 was employed en route to isostegane. This transformation was accomplished in one pot.
Because the reaction creates two new bonds with a mo... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
There are several counterparts of pepper spray developed and legal to possess in some countries.
* In the United Kingdom, desmethyldihydrocapsaicin (known also as PAVA spray) is used by police officers. As a Section 5 weapon, it is not generally permitted to the public.
* Pelargonic acid morpholide (MPK) is widely used... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In eutactic macromolecules, substituents may occupy any specific (but potentially complex) sequence of positions along the chain. Isotactic and syndiotactic polymers are instances of the more general class of eutactic polymers, which also includes heterogeneous macromolecules in which the sequence consists of substitue... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
A direct fluorescent antibody (DFA or dFA), also known as "direct immunofluorescence", is an antibody that has been tagged in a direct fluorescent antibody test. Its name derives from the fact that it directly tests the presence of an antigen with the tagged antibody, unlike western blotting, which uses an indirect met... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Besides education, CrysTBox is mainly used in research with fields of application spanning from nuclear research to archaeology and paleontology. Among others, the suite was employed in development of additive manufacturing (including 3D printed biodegradable alloys, metallic glass or high-entropy alloys), resistant co... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Methylphenidate is a catecholamine reuptake inhibitor that indirectly increases catecholaminergic neurotransmission by inhibiting the dopamine transporter (DAT) and norepinephrine transporter (NET), which are responsible for clearing catecholamines from the synapse, particularly in the striatum and meso-limbic system. ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Ultraviolet radiation is invisible to the human eye, but illuminating certain materials with UV radiation causes the emission of visible light, causing these substances to glow with various colors. This is called fluorescence, and has many practical uses. Black lights are required to observe fluorescence, since other ... | 5 | Photochemistry |
The various liquid-crystal phases (called mesophases together with plastic crystal phases) can be characterized by the type of ordering. One can distinguish positional order (whether molecules are arranged in any sort of ordered lattice) and orientational order (whether molecules are mostly pointing in the same directi... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In polymer chemistry and materials science, the term "polymer" refers to large molecules whose structure is composed of multiple repeating units. Supramolecular polymers are a new category of polymers that can potentially be used for material applications beyond the limits of conventional polymers. By definition, supr... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Trimethylsilyl chloride, also known as chlorotrimethylsilane is an organosilicon compound (silyl halide), with the formula , often abbreviated or TMSCl. It is a colourless volatile liquid that is stable in the absence of water. It is widely used in organic chemistry. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A Rydberg molecule is an electronically excited chemical species. Electronically excited molecular states are generally quite different in character from electronically excited atomic states. However, particularly for highly electronically excited molecular systems, the ionic core interaction with an excited electron c... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In organosulfur chemistry, a sulfonyl group can refer either to a functional group found primarily in sulfones, or to a substituent obtained from a sulfonic acid by the removal of the hydroxyl group, similarly to acyl groups. Sulfonyl groups can be written as having the general formula , where there are two double bond... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Isothermal transformation diagrams (also known as time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagrams) are plots of temperature versus time (usually on a logarithmic scale). They are generated from percentage transformation-vs time measurements, and are useful for understanding the transformations of an alloy steel at elev... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Malonyl-CoA provides 2-carbon units to fatty acids and commits them to fatty acid chain synthesis.
Malonyl-CoA is formed by carboxylating acetyl-CoA using the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase. One molecule of acetyl-CoA joins with a molecule of bicarbonate, requiring energy rendered from ATP.
Malonyl-CoA is utilised in fa... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The early 19th century witnessed a sharp increase in the demand for natural ice during the summer months, particularly among breweries producing lager. Thanks to the advent of railways and steam ships, natural ice came onto the market. In order to meet demand, suppliers began looking for alternative ways of producing i... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The values for the octanol-water system in the following table are from the Dortmund Data Bank. They are sorted by the partition coefficient, smallest to largest (acetamide being hydrophilic, and 2,2,4,4,5-pentachlorobiphenyl lipophilic), and are presented with the temperature at which they were measured (which impacts... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Luminol's use in a crime scene investigation is somewhat hampered by the fact that it reacts to iron- and copper-containing compounds, bleaches, horseradish, fecal matter, or cigarette smoke residue. Application of luminol to a piece of evidence may prevent other tests from being performed on it; however DNA has been s... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The International Institute of Welding Technology IIW published the Guideline "Recommendations for the HFMI Treatment" in October 2016. An overview of higher frequency hammers (HFMI) is presented, and recommendations for the correct application of the method and quantitative measurements for quality assurance the guide... | 8 | Metallurgy |
In organometallic chemistry, metal–halogen exchange is a fundamental reaction that converts an organic halide into an organometallic product. The reaction commonly involves the use of electropositive metals (Li, Na, Mg) and organochlorides, bromides, and iodides. Particularly well-developed is the use of metal–halogen ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, traps heat in the atmosphere, the bionic leaf can potentially be used to reduce the carbon dioxide within the atmosphere. While the bionic leaf is running mimics photosynthesis by converting the carbon dioxide in air into fuels. The bionic leaf can eliminate 180 grams of carbon dioxide... | 5 | Photochemistry |
An inhibitor of alpha-amylase, called phaseolamin, has been tested as a potential diet aid.
When used as a food additive, amylase has E number E1100, and may be derived from pig pancreas or mold fungi.
Bacilliary amylase is also used in clothing and dishwasher detergents to dissolve starches from fabrics and dishes.
Fa... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Various aromatic alkynes can be employed to yield desired disubstituted products with satisfactory yields. Aliphatic alkynes are generally less reactive. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In the biological sciences, accidental introduction of "foreign" material can seriously distort the results of experiments where small samples are used. In cases where the contaminant is a living microorganism, it can often multiply to dominate the sample and render it useless, as in contaminated cell culture lines. A ... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Hydroamination reactions are atom-efficient processes that generally use readily available and cheap starting materials, therefore a general catalytic strategy is highly desirable. Also, direct catalytic hydroamination strategies have in principle significant benefits over more classical methods to prepare amine contai... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
TTM has been studied in several use scenarios where it has not usually been found to be helpful, or is still under investigation, despite theoretical grounds for its usefulness. | 1 | Biochemistry |
As 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile is a solid at room temperature, not a gas, a variety of techniques have been used to make this solid usable as an aerosol:
* Melted and sprayed in the molten form.
* Dissolved in organic solvent.
* CS2 dry powder (CS2 is a siliconized, micro-pulverized form of CS).
* CS from thermal grena... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Iron & Steel Museum of Alabama, also known as the Tannehill Museum, is an industrial museum that demonstrates iron production in the nineteenth-century Alabama located at Tannehill Ironworks Historical State Park in McCalla, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama. Opened in 1981, it covers .
The museum is an interpretive cente... | 8 | Metallurgy |
It is an intermediate in the catabolism of aromatic amino acids such as phenylalanine and tyrosine.
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate (produced by transamination of tyrosine) is acted upon by the enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase to yield homogentisate. If active and present, the enzyme homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase fur... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Single-strand breaks (SSBs) occur when one strand of the DNA double helix experiences breakage of a single nucleotide accompanied by damaged 5’- and/or 3’-termini at this point. One common source of SSBs is due to oxidative attack by physiological reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide. HO causes SSBs ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides are an important class of polymeric carbohydrates found in virtually all living entities. Their structural features make their nomenclature challenging and their roles in living systems make their nomenclature important. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Capillary penetration in porous media shares its dynamic mechanism with flow in hollow tubes, as both processes are resisted by viscous forces. Consequently, a common apparatus used to demonstrate the phenomenon is the capillary tube. When the lower end of a glass tube is placed in a liquid, such as water, a concave me... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
DksA is a 17-kDa protein, its structure is similar to GreA and GreB, which are well-characterized transcriptional elongation factors. GreA and GreB bind directly to RNAP rather than DNA and act by inserting their N-terminal coiled-coil finger domain through the RNAP secondary channel. Two conserved acidic residues at t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Two effects which are closely related to pyroelectricity are ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity. Normally materials are very nearly electrically neutral on the macroscopic level. However, the positive and negative charges which make up the material are not necessarily distributed in a symmetric manner. If the sum o... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
CIDNP (chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization), often pronounced like "kidnip", is a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique that is used to study chemical reactions that involve radicals. It detects the non-Boltzmann (non-thermal) nuclear spin state distribution produced in these reactions as enhanced abso... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Phosphorus compounds are usually found as relatively insoluble phosphates in river water and, except in some exceptional circumstances, their origin is agriculture or human sewage. Phosphorus can encourage excessive growths of plants and algae and contribute to eutrophication. If a river discharges into a lake or reser... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The ideal IR source should be monochromatic and tunable within a wide range of wavelength. According to T ∝d/λ, where T is the transmission coefficient, d the aperture diameter and λ is wavelength, the aperture-based NSOM/FTIR transmission is even more limited due to the long infrared wavelength; therefore, an intense ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
For any given atom, there are quantum numbers that can specify the wavefunction of that atom. Using the hydrogen atom as an example, four quantum numbers are required to fully describe the state of the system. Quantum numbers that are eigenvalues of the operators that commute with the wavefunction to describe physical ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In chemical kinetics, isosbestic points are used as reference points in the study of reaction rates, as the absorbance at those wavelengths remains constant throughout the whole reaction.
Isosbestic points are used in medicine in a laboratory technique called oximetry to determine hemoglobin concentration, regardless o... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The rate of change of temperature with respect to pressure in a Joule–Thomson process (that is, at constant enthalpy ) is the Joule–Thomson (Kelvin) coefficient . This coefficient can be expressed in terms of the gas's specific volume , its heat capacity at constant pressure , and its coefficient of thermal expansion... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Stereospecific cis-hydroalumination is possible through the use of dialkylalanes. The most common reagent used for this purpose is di(isobutyl)aluminium hydride (DIBAL-H). Analogous to hydroboration reactions with RBH, hydroalumination with RAlH leads to the attachment of aluminium at the carbon less able to stabilize ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The presence of VOCs in the air and in groundwater has prompted more studies. Several studies have been performed to measure the effects of dermal absorption of specific VOCs. Dermal exposure to VOCs like formaldehyde and toluene downregulate antimicrobial peptides on the skin like cathelicidin LL-37, human β-defensin ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A partially coherent interphase boundary is an intermediate type of IPB that lies between the completely coherent and non-coherent IPBs. In this type of boundary, there is a partial match between the atomic arrangements of the particle and the matrix, but not a perfect match. As a result, coherency strains are partiall... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Pseudin is a peptide derived from Pseudis paradoxa. Pseudins have some antimicrobial function.
There are several different forms:
* pseudin-1
* pseudin-2 -- has been proposed as a treatment for type 2 diabetes.
* pseudin-4 | 1 | Biochemistry |
Like other straight-line forms of the Michaelis–Menten equation, the Eadie–Hofstee plot was used historically for rapid evaluation of the parameters and , but has been largely superseded by nonlinear regression methods that are significantly more accurate when properly weighted and no longer computationally inaccessi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
* 1988 Alexander von Humboldt fellowship of Germany: Research with Jürgen Martens at the University of Oldenburg and Hans Brückner University of Giessen.
* 1992 European Economic Community Fellowship: Research with Peter Shewry University of Bristol
* 1993 Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry
* 2001 Fellow of the ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
By symmetry of second derivatives, for any "well-behaved" (non-pathological) function , we have
Hence, in a simply-connected region R of the xy-plane, where are independent, a differential form
is an exact differential if and only if the equation
holds. If it is an exact differential so and , then is a differentiabl... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
If the spin–orbit interaction dominates over the effect of the external magnetic field, and are not separately conserved, only the total angular momentum is. The spin and orbital angular momentum vectors can be thought of as precessing about the (fixed) total angular momentum vector . The (time-)"averaged" spin vect... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The exact mechanism for the reduction is unknown, although there are two hypothesized pathways. The first pathway is the transferral of electrons from one electron reduced ETF one at a time to the lower potential FAD center. One electron is transferred from the reduced FAD to the iron cluster, resulting in a two electr... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Stephen C. Harrison is professor of biological chemistry and molecular pharmacology, professor of pediatrics, and director of the Center for Molecular and Cellular Dynamics of Harvard Medical School, head of the Laboratory of Molecular Medicine at Boston Children's Hospital, and investigator of the Howard Hughes Medica... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Morpholinos are synthetic molecules that are the product of a redesign of natural nucleic acid structure. Usually 25 bases in length, they bind to complementary sequences of RNA or single-stranded DNA by standard nucleic acid base-pairing. In terms of structure, the difference between Morpholinos and DNA is that, while... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Highly favourable binding of a substrate at a non-reactive site will force the reactive site of the substrate to be more reactive by putting it in a very unfavourable position. This effect was observed in orotidine 5‘-phosphate decarboxylase. This can occur by positioning a charged amino acid group next to the charged ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The noble metals are siderophiles (iron-lovers). They tend to sink into the Earth's core because they dissolve readily in iron either as solid solutions or in the molten state. Most siderophile elements have practically no affinity whatsoever for oxygen: indeed, oxides of gold are thermodynamically unstable with respec... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Organic Syntheses is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that was established in 1921. It publishes detailed and checked procedures for the synthesis of organic compounds. A unique feature of the review process is that all of the data and experiments reported in an article must be successfully repeated in the laboratory... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Consider the two equilibria, in aqueous solution, between the copper(II) ion, Cu and ethylenediamine (en) on the one hand and methylamine, MeNH on the other.
In the first reaction the bidentate ligand ethylene diamine forms a chelate complex with the copper ion. Chelation results in the formation of a five-membered rin... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
* There is a monument of Zelinsky in Elektrostal city. It was opened in July 2013 in front of the entrance of the Elektrostal Chemical and Mechanical Plant OJSC. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
One of the classic structures of resorcinarenes and pyrogallolarenes is shown below. Because of the phenol group, some hydrogen bonds are foromed among the molecules. Sometimes, the binding ratio of the host and guest could reach 2 : 1. | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
In protein folding, a native contact is a contact between the side chains of two amino acids that are not neighboring in the amino acid sequence (i.e., they are more than four residues apart in the primary sequence in order to remove trivial i to i+4 contacts along alpha helices) but are spatially close in the protein'... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In structural biology, a heterologous association is a binding mode between the protomers of a protein structure. In a heterologous association, each protomer contributes a different set of residues to the binding interface. In contrast, two protomers form an isologous association when they contribute the same set of... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In 2021, a study proposed that L1 elements may be responsible for potential endogenisation of the SARS-CoV-2 genome in Huh7 mutant cancer cells, which would possibly explain why some patients test PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2 even after clearance of the virus. These results however have been criticized as not reproducib... | 1 | Biochemistry |
FISH can be used to study the evolution of chromosomes. Species that are related have similar chromosomes. This homology can be detected by gene or genome sequencing but also by FISH. For instance, human and chimpanzee chromosomes are very similar and FISH can demonstrate that two chimpanzee chromosomes fused to result... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In 1941, Tisza immigrated to the United States and joined the faculty at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His research areas included theoretical physics and the history and philosophy of science, specifically on the foundation of thermodynamics and quantum mechanics. He taught at MIT until 1973. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Pectins are a family of complex polysaccharides that contain 1,4-linked α--galactosyl uronic acid residues. They are present in most primary cell walls and in the nonwoody parts of terrestrial plants. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The size of materials being processed in an operation is very important. Having oversize material being conveyed will cause damage to equipment and slow down production. Particle-size analysis also helps the effectiveness of SAG Mills when crushing material.
In the building industry, the particle size can directly aff... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.