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*Nitinol can be used to replace conventional actuators (solenoids, servo motors, etc.), such as in the Stiquito, a simple hexapod robot.
*Nitinol springs are used in thermal valves for fluidics, where the material both acts as a temperature sensor and an actuator.
*It is used as autofocus actuator in action cameras and... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The aforementioned hydrodynamic and hydrostatic instruments may be employed in a variety of ways, or modes of operation, in order to address the particular separation needs of the scientist. Many modes of operation have been devised to take advantage of the strengths and potentialities of the countercurrent chromatogra... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In chemistry, dialysis is the process of separating molecules in solution by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane, such as dialysis tubing.
Dialysis is a common laboratory technique that operates on the same principle as medical dialysis. In the context of life science research, t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Gas phase coating is carried out at higher temperatures, about 1080 °C. The coating material is usually loaded onto trays without physical contact with the parts to be coated. The coating mixture contains active coating material and activator, but usually not thermal ballast. As in the pack cementation process, gaseous... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The aim of the soft chemistry is to synthesize materials, drawing capacity of living beings - more or less basic - such as diatoms capable of producing glass from silicates dissolved. It is a new branch of materials science that differs from conventional solid-state chemistry and its application to the intense energy t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
On a crushing and screening plant, punch plates or perforated plates are mostly used on scalper vibrating screens, after raw products pass on grizzly bars. Most likely installed on a tensioned deck, punch plates offer excellent wear life for high-impact and high material flow applications. | 8 | Metallurgy |
In their 1959 publication, Yukawa and Tsuno attributed observed deviations from Hammett Plot linearity in electrophilic reactions to additional resonance effects occurring through the pi bonds of substituent groups in their compounds. This implied that the inductive component of the Hammett substituent constant remains... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Methylcyclopentadiene is any of three isomeric cyclic dialkenes with the formula CMeH (Me = CH). These isomers are the organic precursor to the methylcyclopentadienyl ligand (CHMe, often denoted as Cp′), commonly found in organometallic chemistry.
As with cyclopentadiene, methylcyclopentadiene is prepared by thermal cr... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The endogenous cannabinoids, or endocannabinoids, are endogenous lipids that activate cannabinoid receptors. The first such lipid to be isolated was anandamide which is the arachidonoyl amide of ethanolamine. Anandamide is formed via enzymatic release from N-arachidonoyl phosphatidylethanolamine by the N-acyl phospha... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Dimethyldioxirane (DMDO) is the organic compound with the formula . It is the dioxirane derived from acetone and can be considered as a monomer of acetone peroxide. It is a powerful selective oxidizing agent that finds some use in organic synthesis. It is known only in the form of a dilute solution, usually in acetone,... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Molecular physics is the study of the physical properties of molecules and molecular dynamics. The field overlaps significantly with physical chemistry, chemical physics, and quantum chemistry. It is often considered as a sub-field of atomic, molecular, and optical physics. Research groups studying molecular physics ar... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Whiting event clouds consist of calcium carbonate polymorphs; aragonite tends to be the dominant precipitate, but some studies in oligotrophic and mesotrophic lakes show calcite is favored. Whiting events have been observed in tropical and temperate waters, and they can potentially cover hundreds of meters. They tend t... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The colloidal gold protein assay is a highly sensitive biochemical assay for determining the total concentration of protein in a solution (~0.1 ng/µL to 200 ng/µL). It was first described in 1987 by two groups who used commercially available "Aurodye" colloidal gold solutions. Notably, the formulation of Aurodye change... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The substitution reaction of tert-Butyl chloride was chosen as reference reaction. The first step, ionizing step, is the rate determining step, SO stands for the nucleophilic solvent. The reference solvent is 80% Ethanol and 20% water by volume. Both of them can carry out the nucleophilic attack on the carbocation.
The... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Salinosporamide A was discovered by William Fenical and Paul Jensen from Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, CA. In preliminary screening, a high percentage of the organic extracts of cultured Salinispora strains possessed antibiotic and anticancer activities, which suggests that these bacteria are an exce... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
;Total phosphorus and phosphate,
Phosphates enter surface waters through both nonpoint sources and point sources. Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution refers to water pollution from diffuse sources. Nonpoint source pollution can be contrasted with point source pollution, where discharges occur to a body of water at a singl... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Amine-borane dehydrogenation can be coupled with hydride transfer to unsaturated functional groups, usually olefins in an anti-Markovnikov fashion. Hydroboration of the olefin and release of H from the amine-borane occur in parallel reactions, reducing the percent of olefin reduced. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Ruthenium(II) complexes of amine ligands are known for engaging in the outer-sphere mechanism, during which the imine/iminium substrate does not bind to the metal center directly. Instead, substrate receives the elements of H by interaction with Ru-H and N-H sites. This process is utilized by the Shvo catalyst and man... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
T cell - T-cell antigen receptors - tachykinin - tachykinin receptor - talin protein - tandem repeat sequence - taste bud - TATA box - tax gene product - taxonomy - telophase - tertiary structure - tetrodotoxin - thermochemistry - thermometer - thiamin - thioredoxin - threonine - thrombin - thrombin receptor - thrombom... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Point groups can be classified into chiral (or purely rotational) groups and achiral groups.
The chiral groups are subgroups of the special orthogonal group SO(d): they contain only orientation-preserving orthogonal transformations, i.e., those of determinant +1. The achiral groups contain also transformations of deter... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Equilibria are defined for specific crystal phases. Therefore, the solubility product is expected to be different depending on the phase of the solid. For example, aragonite and calcite will have different solubility products even though they have both the same chemical identity (calcium carbonate). Under any given con... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
* Diabetic neuropathy
* Antidepressant
* Postherpetic neuralgia
* Premature ejaculation
* Adjunct to local anesthesia | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) is also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2). Two similar protein kinases with 85% sequence identity were originally called ERK1 and ERK2. They were found during a search for protein kinases that are rapidly phosphorylated after activation of cell surface ty... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Electron transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF-Q oxidoreductase), also known as electron transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase, is a third entry point to the electron transport chain. It is an enzyme that accepts electrons from electron-transferring flavoprotein in the mitochondrial matrix, and uses th... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Many medical devices and products come into contact with the internal surfaces of the body, such as surgical tools and implants. When a non-native material enters the body, the first step of the immune response takes place and host extracellular matrix and plasma proteins aggregate to the material in attempts to contai... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Failure of safety-critical polymer components can cause serious accidents, such as fire in the case of cracked and degraded polymer fuel lines. Chlorine-induced cracking of acetal resin plumbing joints and polybutylene pipes has caused many serious floods in domestic properties, especially in the US in the 1990s. Trace... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Protein–carbohydrate interactions play an important role in biological function.
* Cell adhesion
* Signal Transduction
* Host-Pathogen Recognition
* Inflammation
* Stabilization of protein structure | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Vanillin can trigger migraine headaches in a small fraction of the people who experience migraines.
Some people have allergic reactions to vanilla. They may be allergic to synthetically produced vanilla but not to natural vanilla, or the other way around, or to both.
Vanilla orchid plants can trigger contact dermatitis... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Antiquarian interest in the gold artefacts of prehistory emerged in the British Isles during the Early Modern period. In 1696, the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, southern England obtained the Ballyshannon Disk, the first such artefact of its type in their collection, although in ensuing centuries they would gain a number ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
A number of materials contract on heating within certain temperature ranges; this is usually called negative thermal expansion, rather than "thermal contraction". For example, the coefficient of thermal expansion of water drops to zero as it is cooled to 3.983 °C and then becomes negative below this temperature; this m... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Sodium bisulfite (or sodium bisulphite, sodium hydrogen sulfite) is a chemical mixture with the approximate chemical formula NaHSO. Sodium bisulfite in fact is not a real compound, but a mixture of salts that dissolve in water to give solutions composed of sodium and bisulfite ions. It appears in form of white or yell... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Each reaction rate coefficient has a temperature dependency, which is usually given by the Arrhenius equation:
where
* is the activation energy;
* is the gas constant;
* is the exponential function.
Since at temperature the molecules have energies given by a Boltzmann distribution, one can expect the number of coll... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The first measurements of photoinhibition were published in 1956 by Bessel Kok. Even in the very first studies, it was obvious that plants have a repair mechanism that continuously repairs photoinhibitory damage. In 1966, Jones and Kok measured the action spectrum of photoinhibition and found that ultraviolet light is ... | 5 | Photochemistry |
A Python library [http://hitran.org/hapi HAPI] (HITRAN Application Programming Interface) has been developed which serves as a tool for absorption and transmission calculations as well as comparisons of spectroscopic data sets. HAPI extends the functionality of the main site, in particular, for the calculation of spect... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
There are two functionally different classes of disaccharides:
*Reducing disaccharides, in which one monosaccharide, the reducing sugar of the pair, still has a free hemiacetal unit that can perform as a reducing aldehyde group; lactose, maltose and cellobiose are examples of reducing disaccharides, each with one hemi... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The stack effect in industrial flue gas stacks is similar to that in buildings, except that it involves hot flue gases having large temperature differences with the ambient outside air. Furthermore, an industrial flue gas stack typically provides little obstruction for the flue gas along its length and is, in fact, nor... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Denitrification generally proceeds through some combination of the following half reactions, with the enzyme catalyzing the reaction in parentheses:
* NO + 2 H + 2 e → + HO (Nitrate reductase)
* + 2 H + e → NO + HO (Nitrite reductase)
* 2 NO + 2 H + 2 e → + HO (Nitric-oxide reductase)
* + 2 H + 2 e → + HO (Nit... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Buffers in gel electrophoresis are used to provide ions that carry a current and to maintain the pH at a relatively constant value.
These buffers have plenty of ions in them, which is necessary for the passage of electricity through them. Something like distilled water or benzene contains few ions, which is not ideal f... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Coning and quartering is a method used by analytical chemists to reduce the sample size of a powder without creating a systematic bias. The technique involves pouring the sample so that it takes on a conical shape, and then flattening it out into a cake. The cake is then divided into quarters; the two quarters which si... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Type S (90%Pt/10%Rh–Pt, by weight) thermocouples, similar to type R, are used up to 1600 °C. Before the introduction of the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90), precision type-S thermocouples were used as the practical standard thermometers for the range of 630 °C to 1064 °C, based on an interpolation betw... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Smith has focused his research on mineral processing technology along with engineering education by facilitating faculty and graduate student professional growth, exploring the role of cooperation in learning and design, addressing problem formulation, modeling, and knowledge engineering, and managing projects and know... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Carboxylic acids are polar. Because they are both hydrogen-bond acceptors (the carbonyl ) and hydrogen-bond donors (the hydroxyl ), they also participate in hydrogen bonding. Together, the hydroxyl and carbonyl group form the functional group carboxyl. Carboxylic acids usually exist as dimers in nonpolar media due to t... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Native silver is a rare element. Although it exists as such, it is usually found in nature combined with other metals, or in minerals that contain silver compounds, generally in the form of sulfides such as galena (lead sulfide) or cerussite (lead carbonate). So the primary production of silver requires the smelting an... | 8 | Metallurgy |
where M is the molecular weight.
The method uses a two-parameter equation to describe the temperature dependency of the dynamic viscosity. The authors state that the parameters are valid from the melting temperature up to 0.7 of the critical temperature (T < 0.7). | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The enzyme cytochrome c oxidase or Complex IV, (was , now reclassified as a translocase [https://www.enzyme-database.org/query.php?name=EC+7.1.1.9&search=search_all&display=show_all&order=ec_num&nr=50 EC 7.1.1.9]) is a large transmembrane protein complex found in bacteria, archaea, and the mitochondria of eukaryotes.
I... | 1 | Biochemistry |
At sawmills, unless reprocessed into particleboard, burned in a sawdust burner, or used to make heat for other milling operations, sawdust may collect in piles and add harmful leachates into local water systems, creating an environmental hazard. This has placed small sawyers and environmental agencies in a deadlock.
Qu... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Ibuprofen was derived from propionic acid by the research arm of Boots Group during the 1960s. The name is derived from the 3 functional groups: isobutyl (ibu) propionic acid (pro) phenyl (fen). Its discovery was the result of research during the 1950s and 1960s to find a safer alternative to aspirin. The molecule was ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Increased RNA levels of Alu, which requires L1 proteins, are associated with a form of age-related macular degeneration, a neurological disorder of the eyes.
The naturally occurring mouse retinal degeneration model rd7 is caused by an L1 insertion in the Nr2e3 gene. | 1 | Biochemistry |
EQCM is broadly used to study the deposition/dissolution process on electrode surface, such as the oscillation of electrode potential during Cu/CuO layered nanostructure electrodeposition, deposition growth process of cobalt and nickel hexacyanoferrate in calcium nitrate and barium nitrate electrolyte solution, and the... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
HPTLC finds extensive application in various fields, including pharmaceutical industries, clinical chemistry, forensic chemistry, biochemistry, cosmetology, food and drug analysis, environmental analysis, and more, owing to its numerous advantages. It distinguishes itself by being the only chromatographic method capabl... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Mixed potential theory is a theory used in electrochemistry that relates the potentials and currents from differing constituents into a weighted potential at zero net current. In other words, it is an electrode potential resulting from a simultaneous action of more than a single redox couple, while the net electrode cu... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The term was coined by Joseph Marius DallaValle in his book Micromeritics: The Technology of Fine Particles (1948). It was derived from the Greek words meaning "small" and meaning "part". The size range which he covered in the book was from 10 to 10 micrometers. Anything smaller than this but bigger than a molecule w... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Electrochemical energy conversion is a field of energy technology concerned with electrochemical methods of energy conversion including fuel cells and photoelectrochemical. This field of technology also includes electrical storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors. It is increasingly important in context of au... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
During his years working as a physician Michaelis a friend (Peter Rona) built a compact lab, in the hospital, and over the course of five years – Michaelis successfully became published over 100 times. During his research in the hospital, he was the first to view the different types of inhibition; specifically using f... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Concentration depends on the variation of the volume of the solution with temperature, due mainly to thermal expansion. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The first stereographic projection defined in the preceding section sends the "south pole" (0, 0, −1) of the unit sphere to (0, 0), the equator to the unit circle, the southern hemisphere to the region inside the circle, and the northern hemisphere to the region outside the circle.
The projection is not defined at the ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Shape-memory coupling is a system for connecting pipes using shape-memory alloys. In its typical form the technique uses an internally ribbed sleeve of alloy such as Tinel(see Nitinol) that is slightly smaller in diameter than the pipes it is to connect. The sleeve is cooled in liquid nitrogen then, in this low-tempera... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The functional mammalian sAC consist of two heterologous catalytic domains (C1 and C2), forming the 50 kDa amino terminus of the protein. The additional ~140 kDa C terminus of the enzyme includes an autoinhibitory region, canonical P-loop, potential heme-binding domain, and leucine zipper-like sequence, which are a for... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The variety of electron-deficient sigma aromatic clusters formed by bismuth gives rise to a wide range of spectroscopic behaviors. Of particular interest are the systems capable of low-energy electronic transitions, as these have demonstrated potential as near-infrared light emitters. It is the tendency of electron-def... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The problem of landslides in spoil tips was first brought to public attention in October 1966 in English speaking world when a spoil tip at Aberfan in Wales gave way, killing 144 people, 116 of them children. The tip was built over a spring, increasing its instability, and its height exceeded guidelines. Water from hea... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Hydroxylamine and its salts are commonly used as reducing agents in myriad organic and inorganic reactions. They can also act as antioxidants for fatty acids.
High concentrations of hydroxylamine are used by biologists to introduce mutations by acting as a DNA nucleobase amine-hydroxylating agent. In is thought to main... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Few transition metals can achieve the +6 oxidation state in an oxide, so oxides with the stoichiometry MO are rare. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The naturally occurring polysaccharide form the basis for an important group of columns designed for chiral separation. The main polysaccharides are cellulose, amylose, chitosan, dextran, xylan, curdlan, and inulin. Polysaccharide-based stationary phase have a high loading capacity, many chiral centers and complicated ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
The 5′ untranslated region (also known as 5′ UTR, leader sequence, transcript leader, or leader RNA) is the region of a messenger RNA (mRNA) that is directly upstream from the initiation codon. This region is important for the regulation of translation of a transcript by differing mechanisms in viruses, prokaryotes and... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Most MAPKs have a number of shared characteristics, such as the activation dependent on two phosphorylation events, a three-tiered pathway architecture and similar substrate recognition sites. These are the "classical" MAP kinases. But there are also some ancient outliers from the group as sketched above, that do not ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Lactoperoxidase-catalysed reactions yield short-lived intermediary oxidation products of SCN, providing antibacterial activity.
The major intermediary oxidation product is hypothiocyanite OSCN, which is produced in an amount of about 1 mole per mole of hydrogen peroxide. At the pH optimum of 5.3, the OSCN is in equilib... | 1 | Biochemistry |
* Chapter: Molecular Spectroscopy 2.
* Chapter 4: Fundamentals of Fluorescence and Fluorescence Microscopy | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
For air at standard conditions for temperature and pressure (STP), the voltage needed to arc a 1-metre gap is about 3.4 MV. The intensity of the electric field for this gap is therefore 3.4 MV/m.
The electric field needed to arc across the minimal-voltage gap is much greater than what is necessary to arc a gap of one m... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A simple modification to atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was introduced in 2007 to kinetically control the polymerization by increasing the ratio of inactive copper(II) catalyst to active copper(I) catalyst. The modification to this strategy is termed deactivation enhanced ATRP, whereby different ratios of ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
* 24 February 2009 - Orbiting Carbon Observatory was launched on a Taurus XL rocket but failed to achieve orbit when the fairing failed to separate from the satellite.
* 1 February 2010 - The 2010 President's budget included funding for development and re-flight of an OCO replacement.
* October 2010 - The Orbiting Carb... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
* IMP dehydrogenase (IMPDH) converts IMP into XMP
* GMP synthase converts XMP into GMP
* GMP reductase converts GMP back into IMP | 1 | Biochemistry |
Benzene, as well as most other annulenes (cyclodecapentaene excepted) with the formula CH where n is an even number, such as cyclotetradecaheptaene. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Currently the most important application is due to the special magnetic properties of some ferromagnetic metallic glasses. The low magnetization loss is used in high efficiency transformers (amorphous metal transformer) at line frequency and some higher frequency transformers. Amorphous steel is a very brittle material... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Optical sequencing is a single molecule DNA sequencing technique that follows sequence-by-synthesis and uses optical mapping technology. Similar to other single molecular sequencing approaches such as SMRT sequencing, this technique analyzes a single DNA molecule, rather than amplify the initial sample and sequence m... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Such as trace minerals, micronutrients, human-induced cycles for synthetic compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB). | 9 | Geochemistry |
The adhesion of gas or liquid molecules to the surface is known as adsorption. This can be due to either chemisorption or physisorption, and the strength of molecular adsorption to a catalyst surface is critically important to the catalyst's performance (see Sabatier principle). However, it is difficult to study these ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Once the gel has set, the comb is removed, leaving wells where DNA samples can be loaded. Loading buffer is mixed with the DNA sample before the mixture is loaded into the wells. The loading buffer contains a dense compound, which may be glycerol, sucrose, or Ficoll, that raises the density of the sample so that the DN... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Greenhouse gas monitoring involves the direct measurement of atmospheric concentrations and direct and indirect measurement of greenhouse gas emissions. Indirect methods calculate emissions of greenhouse gases based on related metrics such as fossil fuel extraction.
There are several different methods of measuring carb... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The Wu theory (after Souheng Wu) is also essentially similar to the Owens/Wendt and Fowkes theories, in that it divides surface energy into a polar and a dispersive component. The primary difference is that Wu uses the harmonic means rather than the geometric means of the known surface tensions, and subsequently the us... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The bright blue hues produced by the microorganisms during nights of very little moonlight or new moon attracts tourists to the bio bay. It is one of the three bio bays in Puerto Rico; the other two are Laguna Grande in Fajardo and La Parguera in Lajas. The bay and its surrounding mangrove forest are protected by the V... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Kröhnke pyridine synthesis is reaction in organic synthesis between α-pyridinium methyl ketone salts and α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds used to generate highly functionalized pyridines. Pyridines occur widely in natural and synthetic products, so there is wide interest in routes for their synthesis. The metho... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Cloning has been used in fiction as a way of recreating historical figures. In the 1976 Ira Levin novel The Boys from Brazil and its 1978 film adaptation, Josef Mengele uses cloning to create copies of Adolf Hitler.
In Michael Crichtons 1990 novel Jurassic Park, which spawned a series of Jurassic Park' feature films, t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In 1978, basic tests were being conducted on squid giant axons in order to find evidence of ephaptic events. It was shown that an action potential of one axon could be propagated to a neighboring axon. The level of transmission varied, from subthreshold changes to initiation of an action potential in a neighboring cell... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Frequency modulated Doppler-broadened signals can be modeled basically as ordinary fm-signals, although an extended description has to be used if the transition is optically saturated. Wavelength modulated Doppler broadened can be modeled by applying the conventional theory for wavelength modulation on the fm-signals.
... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
*SDHA NM_004168 Succinate Dehydrogenase subunit A
*SDHAF2 NM_017841
*SDHB NM_002973 Iron-sulfur protein (IP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q)
*S... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The full 3D representation of crystallographic texture is given by the orientation distribution function (ODF) which can be achieved through evaluation of a set of pole figures or diffraction patterns. Subsequently, all pole figures can be derived from the ODF.
The ODF is defined as the volume fraction of grains with ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Fluorides include compounds that contain ionic fluoride and those in which fluoride does not dissociate. The nomenclature does not distinguish these situations. For example, sulfur hexafluoride and carbon tetrafluoride are not sources of fluoride ions under ordinary conditions.
The systematic name fluoride, the valid I... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In H-NMR spectroscopy, the coupling of two hydrogen atoms on adjacent carbon atoms is called vicinal coupling. The coupling constant J represents coupling of vicinal hydrogen atoms because they couple through three bonds. Depending on the other substituents, the vicinal coupling constant is typically a value between 0 ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
This idea consists of introducing a modified version of the forcing term: (or equilibrium distribution) into the LBM as a stress divergence force. This force is considered space-time dependent and contains solid properties
where denotes the Cauchy stress tensor. and are respectively the gravity vector and solid matt... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Raman shift chemical imaging spectral range spans from approximately 50 to 4,000 cm; the actual spectral range over which a particular Raman measurement is made is a function of the laser excitation frequency. The basic principle behind Raman spectroscopy differs from the MIR and NIR in that the x-axis of the Raman... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A DNA machine is a molecular machine constructed from DNA. Research into DNA machines was pioneered in the late 1980s by Nadrian Seeman and co-workers from New York University. DNA is used because of the numerous biological tools already found in nature that can affect DNA, and the immense knowledge of how DNA works p... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Solvents can affect rates through equilibrium-solvent effects that can be explained on the basis of the transition state theory. In essence, the reaction rates are influenced by differential solvation of the starting material and transition state by the solvent. When the reactant molecules proceed to the transition sta... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Two drops of gastric juice are mixed with two drops of Gunzberg's reagent in an evaporating dish. The mixture is evaporated and if red is seen, free hydrochloric acid is present. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
*Davis, Mackenzie Leo, and David A. Cornwell. Introduction to Environmental Engineering. Dubuque, IA: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2008. Print.
*Gray, N. F. Biology of Wastewater Treatment. London: Imperial College, 2004. Print.
*Davis, Mackenzie Leo, and David A. Cornwell. Introduction to Environmental Engineering. Boston, ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
A Chromatography column is a device used in chromatography for the separation of chemical compounds. A chromatography column contains the stationary phase, allowing the mobile phase to pass through it. Chromatography columns of different types are used in both gas and liquid chromatography. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Alizarine Yellow R is a yellow colored azo dye made by the diazo coupling reaction. It is usually commercially available as a sodium salt. In its pure form, it is a rust-colored solid. It is mainly used as a pH indicator. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Sufficiently dense matter containing protons experiences proton degeneracy pressure, in a manner similar to the electron degeneracy pressure in electron-degenerate matter: protons confined to a sufficiently small volume have a large uncertainty in their momentum due to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. However, bec... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
For organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group with the formula , composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, and it is divalent at the C atom. It is common to several classes of organic compounds (such as aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids), as part of many larger functional groups. ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
AMGs may influence gene expression by modulating the activity of transcription factors, which control the rate at which specific genes are transcribed into mRNA, thereby impacting the levels of corresponding proteins involved in metabolic pathways. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The asialoglycoprotein receptor was first characterized in 1968 by [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021925818993373?via%3Dihub Morell et al.] and was the first mammalian lectin identified. The researchers transferred radioactively-labeled ceruloplasmin that had undergone a reaction via the enzyme ne... | 1 | Biochemistry |
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