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"The single most important synthetic application of alkyl hydroperoxides is without doubt the metal-catalysed epoxidation of alkenes." In the Halcon process tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) is employed for the production of propylene oxide.
Of specialized interest, chiral epoxides are prepared using hydroperoxides as re... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Biocorrosion, biofouling and corrosion caused by living organisms are now known to have an electrochemistry foundation. Other marine creatures such as mussels, worms and even sponges have been known to degrade engineering materials. | 8 | Metallurgy |
The mechanism of the Hofmeister series is not entirely clear, but does not seem to result from changes in general water structure, instead more specific interactions between ions and proteins and ions and the water molecules directly contacting the proteins may be more important. Simulation studies have shown that the ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Klaus Schmiegel was born in Chemnitz, Germany on June 28, 1939. After he immigrated to the United States in 1951, Schmiegel received a B.S. in chemistry from the University of Michigan, an A.M. in organic chemistry from Dartmouth College, and a Ph.D. in organic chemistry from Stanford University. His strong educational... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The steam engine was applied to power blast air, overcoming a shortage of water power in areas where coal and iron ore were located. This was first done at Coalbrookdale where a steam engine replaced a horse-powered pump in 1742. Such engines were used to pump water to a reservoir above the furnace. The first engines... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Acetone, butanol, and ethanol are the most common products of solventogenesis. Some species such as Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridium puniceum and Clostridium roseum are able to further reduce acetone to isopropanol. Several species are able to produce additional solvents under various culture conditions. For ex... | 1 | Biochemistry |
D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is formed from the following three compounds in reversible reactions:
*Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F1,6BP), catalyzed by aldolase.
The numbering of the carbon atoms indicates the fate of the carbons according to their position in fructose 6-phosphate.
*Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), cata... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Aged reagent can be destroyed with dilute acid to prevent the formation of the highly explosive silver nitride. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The nitronium ion, , is a cation. It is an onium ion because its nitrogen atom has +1 charge, similar to ammonium ion . It is created by the removal of an electron from the paramagnetic nitrogen dioxide molecule , or the protonation of nitric acid (with removal of ).
It is stable enough to exist in normal conditions, ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
By sperm washing, the risk that a chronic disease in the individual providing the sperm would infect the birthing parent or offspring can be brought to negligible levels.
If the sperm donor has hepatitis B, The Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine advises that sperm washing is not necess... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Aquatic biomonitoring is the science of inferring the ecological condition of rivers, lakes, streams, and wetlands by examining the organisms (fish, invertebrates, insects, plants, and algae) that live there. While aquatic biomonitoring is the most common form of biomonitoring, any ecosystem can be studied in this mann... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
In November 2004 Rochdale councillor Tom Stott, a former employee at Turners, warned that any development of the site could be an environmental disaster, and that there could be so much asbestos waste in the ground that serious disturbance could lead to "Rochdales Chernobyl." He also expressed concern that the develope... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
DESI mass spectrometry is an ambient ionization technique developed by Professor Zoltan Takáts, et al., in Professor Graham Cooks' group from Purdue University. It combines the ESI and desorption ionization techniques, by directing an electrically charged mist to the sample surface that is a few millimeters away. The ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
MMS methylates DNA predominantly on N7-deoxyguanosine and N3-deoxyadenosine, and to a much lesser extent also methylates at other oxygen and nitrogen atoms in DNA bases, and also methylates one of the non-carbon bound oxygen atoms of the phosphodiester linkage. Originally, this action was believed to directly cause dou... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
First, ion-specific microelectrodes can be used to measure the internal free ion concentration of cells and organelles. The major advantages are that readings can be made from cells over relatively long periods of time, and that unlike dyes very little extra ion buffering capacity is added to the cells.
Second, the tec... | 1 | Biochemistry |
There are two principal signal transduction pathways involving the G protein-linked receptors: the cAMP signal pathway and the phosphatidylinositol signal pathway. | 1 | Biochemistry |
A sand rammer is a piece of equipment used in foundry sand testing to make test specimen of molding sand by compacting bulk material by free fixed height drop of fixed weight for 3 times. It is also used to determine compactibility of sands by using special specimen tubes and a linear scale. | 8 | Metallurgy |
Devapamil in rats can be used to decrease glutathione levels and increase oxidation of lipids, which makes it effective in preclusion of ulcers caused by stress. The medical characteristics of this drug, and other phenylalkylamines, depends greatly on the state of the calcium channels being targeted which results in a ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Volatility itself has no defined numerical value, but it is often described using vapor pressures or boiling points (for liquids). High vapor pressures indicate a high volatility, while high boiling points indicate low volatility. Vapor pressures and boiling points are often presented in tables and charts that can be u... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The reaction mechanism for the industrial Wacker process (olefin oxidation via palladium(II) chloride) has received significant attention for several decades. Aspects of the mechanism are still debated. A modern formulation is described below:
The initial stoichiometric reaction was first reported by Phillips. The ne... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Due to its low thermal conductivity, a layer of concrete is frequently used for fireproofing of steel structures. However, concrete itself may be damaged by fire, with one notable example being the 1996 Channel Tunnel fire where fire damage extended along several hundred meters of the tunnel's length. For this reason, ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
PGLYRPs are conserved from insects to mammals. Mammals produce four secreted soluble peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGLYRP-1, PGLYRP-2, PGLYRP-3 and PGLYRP-4) that recognize muramyl pentapeptide or tetrapeptide. They can also bind to LPS and other molecules by using binding sites outside of the peptidoglycan-bindi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A foundational discourse on the field of chemometrics by Kowalski, "Chemometrics: Views and Propositions," was published in 1975. In it he defines chemometrics as "any and all methods that can be used to extract useful chemical information from raw data." Kowalski takes up the question of what constitutes "new and viab... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The Campo de Cartagena has valuable remains of its ancient past. In the city of Cartagena can be seen numerous monuments, museums and archaeological remains.
An attempt was made during the First Spanish Republic, on July 12 of 1873 to establish a canton in the Cartagena area. The insurgency took the name Cantonal Revol... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Oxacillin, through its β-lactam ring, covalently binds to penicillin-binding proteins, which are enzymes involved in the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. This binding interaction interferes with the transpeptidation reaction and inhibits the synthesis of peptidoglycan, a prominent component of the cell wall. By de... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Roughly 5 grams of iron are present in the human body and is the most abundant trace metal. It is absorbed in the intestine as heme or non-heme iron depending on the food source. Heme iron is derived from the digestion of hemoproteins in meat. Non-heme iron is mainly derived from plants and exist as iron(II) or iron(II... | 9 | Geochemistry |
While in photosynthesis each chloroplast is capable of completing light reactions and dark reactions, chloroplasts differentiate in two populations, contained in the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. The division of the photosynthetic work between two types of chloroplasts results inevitably in a prolific exchange o... | 5 | Photochemistry |
The parabolic model for heat conduction discussed above shows that the Fourier equation (and the more general Fick's law of diffusion) is incompatible with the theory of relativity for at least one reason: it admits infinite speed of propagation of the continuum field (in this case: heat, or temperature gradients). To ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A versatile dialkylborane is 9-BBN. Also called "banana borane", it exists as a dimer. It can be distilled without decomposition at 195 °C (12mm Hg). Reactions with 9-BBN typically occur at 60–80 °C, with most alkenes reacting within one hour. Tetrasubstituted alkenes add 9-BBN at elevated temperature. Hydroboration of... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
DNA synthesis begins at specific sites called origins of replication. These are regions of the genome where the DNA replication machinery is assembled and the DNA is unwound to begin DNA synthesis. In most cases, replication proceeds in both directions from the replication origin.
The main features of replication origi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In the late 1970s and early 1980s Franklin A. Davis synthesized the first N-sulfonyloxaziridines, which act exclusively as oxygen transfer reagents, and are the most predominantly used class of oxaziridines today. While originally synthesized with mCPBA and the phase transfer catalyst benzyltrimethylammonium chloride, ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Esters react with nucleophiles at the carbonyl carbon. The carbonyl is weakly electrophilic but is attacked by strong nucleophiles (amines, alkoxides, hydride sources, organolithium compounds, etc.). The C–H bonds adjacent to the carbonyl are weakly acidic but undergo deprotonation with strong bases. This process is th... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
"Sequencing by synthesis" involves taking a single strand of the DNA to be sequenced and then synthesizing its complementary strand enzymatically. The pyrosequencing method is based on detecting the activity of DNA polymerase (a DNA synthesizing enzyme) with another chemoluminescent enzyme. Essentially, the method all... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The structure of triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate has not been characterized by X-ray crystallography, but the structure of triethyloxonium hexafluorophosphate has been examined. The measurements confirm that the cation is pyramidal with C-O-C angles in the range 109.4°–115.5°. The average C–O distance is 1.49 Å. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The benzene ligand in (η-CH)Cr(CO)Mi is prone to deprotonation. For example, Organolithium compounds form adducts featuring cyclohexadienyl ligands. Subsequent oxidation of the complex results in the release of a substituted benzene. Oxidation of the chromium atom by I and other iodine reagents has been shown to pro... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
One of the key factors associated with the toxicity of CYN is its stability. Although the toxin has been found to degrade rapidly in an algal extract when exposed to sunlight, it is resistant to degradation by changes in pH and temperature, and shows no degradation in either the pure solid form or in pure water. As a r... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The Association organizes a series of biennial International Applied Geochemistry Symposia (titled the International Geochemical Exploration Symposium until 2005), held recently in Oviedo, Spain, and Perth, Australia. | 9 | Geochemistry |
The vast majority of plants are C3, meaning they photorespire when necessary.Certain species of plants or algae have mechanisms to lower uptake of molecular oxygen by RuBisCO. These are commonly referred to as Carbon Concentrating Mechanisms (CCMs), as they increase the concentration of so that RuBisCO is less likely ... | 5 | Photochemistry |
The use of natural bitumen for waterproofing, and as an adhesive dates at least to the fifth millennium BC, with a crop storage basket discovered in Mehrgarh, of the Indus Valley civilization, lined with it. By the 3rd millennium BC refined rock asphalt was in use in the region, and was used to waterproof the Great Bat... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Leprecan is a protein associated with osteogenesis imperfecta type VIII.
Leprecan is part of a superfamily of 2OG-Fe(II) dioxygenase, along with DNA repair protein AlkB, and disease resistant EGL-9. The enzyme was found to be a type of hydroxylases used in the substrate formation of protein glycosylation. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Carbon is capable of forming a vast number of compounds, more than any other element, with almost ten million compounds described to date, and yet that is but a fraction of the number of compounds that are theoretically possible under standard conditions. The enormous diversity of carbon compounds, known as organic com... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The FluoroSpot assay is very similar to the ELISpot assay. The main difference is that the FluoroSpot assay is able to analyze the presence of multiple analytes on one plate of wells, whereas the ELISpot assay can only analyze one analyte at a time. The FluoroSpot assay accomplishes this by using fluorescence rather th... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Structural genomics takes advantage of completed genome sequences in several ways in order to determine protein structures. The gene sequence of the target protein can also be compared to a known sequence and structural information can then be inferred from the known protein's structure. Structural genomics can be use... | 1 | Biochemistry |
From 2000 to 2010, the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) researched potential extensions to LIBS technology, which focused on hazardous material detection. Applications investigated at ARL included the standoff detection of explosive residues and other hazardous materials, plastic landmine discrimination, and materia... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
After the initial carousel stripping machine development and the later development of the linear stripping machine, Falconbridge personnel developed the Kidd Process High Capacity Linear Machine (“HCLM”). This machine included a loading and unloading system that was based on robotics.
The new design improved, among oth... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Hyperspectral imaging is most often applied to either solid or gel samples, and has applications in chemistry, biology, medicine, pharmacy (see also for example: food science, biotechnology, agriculture and industry. NIR, IR and Raman chemical imaging is also referred to as hyperspectral, spectroscopic, spectral or mul... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Sulfonate esters are often leaving groups in nucleophilic substitution reactions. See the articles on sulfonyl and sulfonate groups for further information.
*Bs for the brosyl (p-bromobenzenesulfonyl) group; OBs is the brosylate group
*Ms for the mesyl (methanesulfonyl) group; OMs is the mesylate group
*Ns for the nosy... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The earliest application of photoredox catalysis to Reductive dehalogenation were limited by narrow substrate scope or competing reductive coupling.
Unactivated carbon-iodine bonds can be reduced using the strongly reducing photocatalyst tris-(2,2’-phenylpyridine)iridium (Ir(ppy)). The increased reduction potential of ... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Most carbon incorporated in organic and inorganic biological matter is formed at the sea surface where it can then start sinking to the ocean floor. The deep ocean gets most of its nutrients from the higher water column when they sink down in the form of marine snow. This is made up of dead or dying animals and microb... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Aciculitin A-C exhibits cytotoxicity against human colon tumor cell line HCT-116 with IC value of 0.5 μg/mL.
Aciculitin D exhibits cytotoxicity against human colon tumor cell line HCT-116 with IC value of 0.51 μM. Aciculitin D also exhibits cytotoxicity against HeLa, human cervical cells with IC value of 0.57 μM. | 1 | Biochemistry |
There are currently several labeling methods for tracking biomolecules. Some of the methods include the following. | 1 | Biochemistry |
In March researchers reported that three of five adult subjects who had acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) had been in remission for five months to two years after being treated with genetically modified T cells which attacked cells with CD19 genes on their surface, i.e. all B cells, cancerous or not. The researchers bel... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Fahy is the world's foremost expert in organ cryopreservation by vitrification. Fahy introduced the modern successful approach to vitrification for cryopreservation in cryobiology and he is widely credited, along with William F. Rall, for introducing vitrification into the field of reproductive biology.
In 2005, where ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Researchers in biochemistry use specific techniques native to biochemistry, but increasingly combine these with techniques and ideas developed in the fields of genetics, molecular biology, and biophysics. There is not a defined line between these disciplines. Biochemistry studies the chemistry required for biological a... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A silylium ion is a silicon cation with only three bonds and a positive charge. The abstraction of the silylium ion is seen from the ruthenium complex shown below.
In the first step of this mechanism one of the acetonitrile groups is replaced by a silicon molecule where the bond between the silicon and the hydrogen is... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
One of the challenges of DNA computing is its speed. While DNA as a substrate is biologically compatible i.e. it can be used at places where silicon technology cannot, its computation speed is still very slow. For example, the square-root circuit used as a benchmark in field took over 100 hours to complete. While newer... | 1 | Biochemistry |
6-(Methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate (6-MITC or 6-MSITC) is a compound within the isothiocyanate group of organosulfur compounds. 6-MITC is obtained from cruciferous vegetables, chiefly wasabi. Like other isothiocyanates, it is produced when the enzyme myrosinase transforms the associated glucosinolate into 6-MITC u... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Using tiled arrays, ChIP-on-chip allows for high resolution of genome-wide maps. These maps can determine the binding sites of many DNA-binding proteins like transcription factors and also chromatin modifications.
Although ChIP-on-chip can be a powerful technique in the area of genomics, it is very expensive. Most publ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Compounds possessing a methylene bridge located between two strong electron withdrawing groups (such as nitro, carbonyl or nitrile groups) are sometimes called active methylene compounds. Treatment of these with strong bases can form enolates or carbanions, which are often used in organic synthesis. Examples include th... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Homocitric acid is an organic compound with the formula HOC(COH)(CHCOH)(CHCOH). This tricarboxylic acid occurs naturally as a component of the iron-molybdenum cofactor of certain nitrogenase proteins. Biochemists often refer to this cofactor as homocitrate, which is the conjugate bases that predominate in neutral aqu... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Levocetirizine, sold under the brand name Xyzal, among others, is a second-generation antihistamine used for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and long-term hives of unclear cause. It is less sedating than older antihistamines. It is taken by mouth.
Common side effects include sleepiness, dry mouth, cough,... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
The following processes are often used to describe different stages of a thermodynamic cycle:
*Adiabatic : No energy transfer as heat (Q) during that part of the cycle (). Energy transfer is considered as work done by the system only.
*Isothermal : The process is at a constant temperature during that part of the cycle ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In vertebrate biology, iodine's primary function is as a constituent of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These molecules are made from addition-condensation products of the amino acid tyrosine, and are stored prior to release in an iodine-containing protein called thyroglobulin. T4 and T3... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The sugar-carbamino is formed through a C-glycosidic linkage with the amino acid side chain via various linkers. The synthesis involves introducing annulation to appropriate amino acid residues to rigidify glycopeptides, followed by Diels-Alder cycloadditions to fuse cyclic α- and β-amino acids to the sugar moiety. Thi... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In general there are three major categories of pH meters. Benchtop pH meters are often used in laboratories and are used to measure samples which are brought to the pH meter for analysis. Portable, or field pH meters, are handheld pH meters that are used to take the pH of a sample in a field or production site. In-l... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Carbohydrate Polymers is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers the entire scope of carbohydrate polymers and the research and exploitation of polysaccharides. The journal is published by Elsevier. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The term macromolecule (macro- + molecule) was coined by Nobel laureate Hermann Staudinger in the 1920s, although his first relevant publication on this field only mentions high molecular compounds (in excess of 1,000 atoms). At that time the term polymer, as introduced by Berzelius in 1832, had a different meaning fro... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
There are two fundamental classifications of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells are distinguished from eukaryotic cells by the absence of a cell nucleus or other membrane-bound organelle. Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells, making them the smallest form of life. Prokaryotic cells... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In 1957, Marks married sculptor and artist Averil Sherrard and had two children. Marks was known to have been an atheist and a humanist who was opposed to religion. Along with his wife, he campaigned for various causes including saving a park in Guildford, Surrey, where they lived, from developers. His brother John Mar... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Dr. Kenneth B. Storey is among the top 2% of highly cited scientists in the world.
*[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=storey+kb&sort=date&size=100 PubMed]
* [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=mzhKxEoAAAAJ&hl=en Google Scholar] | 1 | Biochemistry |
In the Late Bronze Age, Cyprus produced numerous bronze stands that depicted a man carrying an oxhide ingot. The stands were designed to hold vases, and they were cast through the lost-wax process. The ingots show the familiar shape of four protruding handles, and the men carry them over their shoulders. These Cypriot ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
A hydrogen on the α position of a carbonyl compound is weakly acidic and can be removed by a strong base to yield an enolate ion. In comparing acetone (pK= 19.3) with ethane (pK= 60), for instance, the presence of a neighboring carbonyl group increases the acidity of the ketone over the alkane by a factor of 10.
Abstra... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Bi-metallic coins are coins consisting of two (bi-) metals or alloys, generally arranged with an outer ring around a contrasting center. Common circulating examples include the €1, €2, United Kingdom £1 and £2, Canadian $2, South Africa R5, Turkish 1 lira and 50 kurus, Indian ₹10 and ₹20, Indonesian Rp1,000, Polish 2 a... | 8 | Metallurgy |
In the kinetic theory of gases, the pressure is assumed to be equal to the force (per unit area) exerted by the individual gas atoms or molecules hitting and rebounding from the gas container's surface.
Consider a gas particle traveling at velocity, , along the -direction in an enclosed volume with characteristic lengt... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
TFIIIB remains bound to DNA following the initiation of transcription by Pol III, unlike bacterial σ factors and most of the basal transcription factors for Pol II transcription. This leads to a high rate of transcriptional reinitiation of Pol III-transcribed genes. One study conducted on Saccharomyces cerevisiae found... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The pressure–volume conjugate pair is concerned with the transfer of mechanical energy as the result of work.
* An isobaric process occurs at constant pressure. An example would be to have a movable piston in a cylinder, so that the pressure inside the cylinder is always at atmospheric pressure, although it is separate... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Metabolic regulation achieves a balance between the rate of input of a substrate and the rate that it is degraded or converted, and thus maintains steady state. The rate of metabolic flow, or flux, is variable and subject to metabolic demands. However, in a metabolic pathway, steady state is maintained by balancing the... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Gasulla, Casano and Guéra, concluded that the longer the lichen are subjected to darkness, the quicker the chlororespiratory pathways can begin. This is due to the fast depletion of PTOX molecules which reduce the PQ pool. These events then stimulate chlororespiratory ETCs into an ongoing loop until the lichen are plac... | 1 | Biochemistry |
REMS technology performance has been evaluated through multicentre clinical studies. The work of Di Paola et al. has investigated precision and diagnostic accuracy of REMS in comparison with DXA on a sample of 2000 patients. A very high correlation has been observed between the T-Score values obtained by both technolog... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Smear layer refers to a layer of debris on the inorganic surface of substrate which comprises residual inorganic and organic components. This layer is produced whenever the tooth structure undergoes a preparation with a bur.
Smear layer will fill the orifices of the dentinal tubules, hence forming smear plugs. These sm... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
*NDUFA2NM_002488
*NDUFA3 NM_004542
*NDUFA4 NM_002489
*NDUFA5 NM_005000
*NDUFA6 NM_002490
*NDUFA7 NM_005001 Homo sapiens NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 7, 14.5kDa
*NDUFA8 NM_014222
*NDUFA9 NM_005002
*NDUFA10 NM_004544
*NDUFA11 NM_175614
*NDUFA12 NM_018838
*NDUFA13 NM_015965
*NDUFAF2 ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Its water-solubility, together with its status as the only known photoactive protein containing a carotenoid, makes the OCP a valuable model for studying solution-state energetic and photophysical properties of carotenoids, which are a diverse class of molecules found across all domains of life. Moreover, carotenoids ... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Few Ru(II) and Os(II) complexes react directly with arenes. Instead, arene complexes of these metals are typically prepared by treatment of M(III) precursors with cyclohexadienes. For example, heating alcohol solutions of 1,3- or 1,4-cyclohexadiene and ruthenium trichloride gives (benzene)ruthenium dichloride dimer. T... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In optics, two non-Lambertian sources that emit beamed energy can interact in a way that causes a shift in the spectral lines. It is analogous to a pair of tuning forks with similar frequencies (pitches), connected together mechanically with a sounding board; there is a strong coupling that results in the resonant freq... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
*2024: Humboldt Research Award
*2018: Madhuri and Jagdish N. Sheth International Alumni Award for Exceptional Achievement (University of Illinois)
*2015: Ho-Am Prize in Science (HOAM Foundation)
*2014: The World's Most Influential Scientific Minds (Thomson Reuters)
*2013: KCS Academic Achievement Award (Korean Chemical... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Ribozymes are catalytic RNA molecules used to inhibit gene expression. These molecules work by cleaving mRNA molecules, essentially silencing the genes that produced them. Sidney Altman and Thomas Cech first discovered catalytic RNA molecules, RNase P and group II intron ribozymes, in 1989 and won the Nobel Prize for t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
All pharmaceuticals are derived from petroleum, albeit via mutlistep processes. Modern medicine depends on petroleum as a source of building blocks, reagents, and solvents. Similarly, virtually all pesticides - insecticides, herbicides, etc. - are derived from petroleum. Pesticides have profoundly affected life expec... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The mouse sperm genome is 80–90% methylated at its CpG sites in DNA, amounting to about 20 million methylated sites. After fertilization, the paternal chromosome is almost completely demethylated in six hours by an active process, before DNA replication (blue line in Figure).
Demethylation of the maternal genome occu... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In recent years, benzene is generally depicted as a hexagon with alternating single and double bonds, much like the structure Kekulé originally proposed in 1872. As mentioned above, the alternating single and double bonds of "1,3,5-cyclohexatriene" are understood to be a drawing of one of the two equivalent canonical ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Antiretroviral drugs are medications for the treatment of infection by retroviruses, primarily HIV. Different classes of antiretroviral drugs act on different stages of the HIV life cycle. Combination of several (typically three or four) antiretroviral drugs is known as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). | 1 | Biochemistry |
In mathematics, a Meyer set or almost lattice is a relatively dense set X of points in the Euclidean plane or a higher-dimensional Euclidean space such that its Minkowski difference with itself is uniformly discrete. Meyer sets have several equivalent characterizations; they are named after Yves Meyer, who introduced a... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
RNA replication is the copying of one RNA to another. Many viruses replicate this way. The enzymes that copy RNA to new RNA, called RNA-dependent RNA polymerases, are also found in many eukaryotes where they are involved in RNA silencing.
RNA editing, in which an RNA sequence is altered by a complex of proteins and a "... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The increasing amount of bacterial genomic data provides new opportunities for understanding the genetic and molecular bases of the degradation of organic pollutants. Aromatic compounds are among the most persistent of these pollutants and lessons can be learned from the recent genomic studies of Burkholderia xenovoran... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
BOP (benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate) reagent is a reagent commonly used in the synthesis of peptides. Its use is discouraged because coupling using BOP liberates HMPA which is carcinogenic, although for small scale use in an organic laboratory this is not a great disadvantage as... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The biosynthesis of trabectedin in Candidatus Endoecteinascidia frumentensis starts with a fatty acid loading onto the acyl-ligase domain of the EtuA3 module. A cysteine and glycine are then loaded as canonical NRPS amino acids. A tyrosine residue is modified by the enzymes EtuH, EtuM1, and EtuM2 to add a hydroxyl at t... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A non-profit research and testing organization, the Instrumentation Testing Association (ITA) can provide results of field testing online TOC analysers in an industrial wastewater application. Gulf Coast Waste Disposal Authority (GCWDA), Bayport Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant in Pasadena, Texas sponsored and con... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The atmosphere of Early Earth is widely speculated to have been reducing. The Miller–Urey experiment, related to some hypotheses for the origin of life, entailed reactions in a reducing atmosphere composed of a mixed atmosphere of methane, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. Some hypotheses for the origin of life invoke a r... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The Lemberg Medal, named after Max Rudolf Lemberg, the first president of the Australian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB), is awarded annually to a scientist who has been a member for five or more years and who has "demonstrated excellence in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and who has made sig... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In the late 1990s it was discovered that very distant supernovae were dimmer than expected suggesting that the universes expansion was accelerating rather than slowing down. This revived discussion that Einsteins cosmological constant, long disregarded by physicists as being equal to zero, was in fact some small positi... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
It was not until after the observations of certain molecular phenomena that stereochemical principles were developed. In 1815, Jean-Baptiste Biots observation of optical activity marked the beginning of organic stereochemistry history. He observed that organic molecules were able to rotate the plane of polarized light ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
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