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Indirectly, it has been deduced that the origin of KREEP is contained in the origin of the Moon. This is now commonly thought to be the result of a rocky object the size of Mars that struck the Earth about 4.5 billion (4.5×10) years ago. This collision threw a large amount of broken rock into orbit around the Earth. T... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Different thermogalvanic cells have been constructed attending to their uses and properties. Usually they are classified according to the electrolyte employed in each specific type of cell. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Shell molding is similar to sand casting, but the molding cavity is formed by a hardened "shell" of sand instead of a flask filled with sand. The sand used is finer than sand casting sand and is mixed with a resin so that it can be heated by the pattern and hardened into a shell around the pattern. Because of the resin... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Magnet-assisted transfection is a transfection method which uses magnetic interactions to deliver DNA into target cells. Nucleic acids are associated with magnetic nanoparticles, and magnetic fields drive the nucleic acid-particle complexes into target cells, where the nucleic acids are released. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The carboxyl radical, •COOH, only exists briefly. The acid dissociation constant of •COOH has been measured using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The carboxyl group tends to dimerise to form oxalic acid. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Bravais lattices, also referred to as space lattices, describe the geometric arrangement of the lattice points, and therefore the translational symmetry of the crystal. The three dimensions of space afford 14 distinct Bravais lattices describing the translational symmetry. All crystalline materials recognized today, no... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Trans-acting factors can be categorized by their interactions with the regulated genes, cis-acting elements of the genes, or the gene products. | 1 | Biochemistry |
This branch of spectroscopy deals with radiation related to atoms that are stripped of several electrons (multiply ionized atoms (MIA), multiply charged ions, highly charged ions). These are observed in very hot plasmas (laboratory or astrophysical) or in accelerator experiments (beam-foil, electron beam ion trap (EBIT... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The GLIC receptor is a bacterial (loeobacter) igand-gated on hannel, homolog to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is a proton-gated (the channel opens when it binds a proton, ion), cation-selective channel (it selectively lets the positive ions through). Like the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors is a function... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), is a statistical model for the molecular algorithm in a single species, typically biological. The name and model are inspired by ANOVA. The method was developed by Laurent Excoffier, Peter Smouse and Joseph Quattro at Rutgers University in 1992.
Since developing AMOVA, Excoffier ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In organic chemistry, a dithiol is a type of organosulfur compound with two thiol () functional groups. Their properties are generally similar to those of monothiols in terms of solubility, odor, and volatility. They can be classified according to the relative location of the two thiol groups on the organic backbone. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
From 1897-1898, she was granted a graduate scholarship to pursue her PhD. Upon completion of her PhD, she was granted one of Yales University Fellowships to continue work in Goochs laboratory until 1899. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
, GOSAT-GW, the successor of GOSAT-2 and GCOM-W "Shizuku", is under development for launch in JFY2024 on the last flight of the H-IIA launch vehicle. | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Hydrogenated starch hydrolysates are used commercially in the same way as other common sugar alcohols. They are often used as both a sweetener and as a humectant (moisture-retaining ingredient). As a crystallization modifier, they can prevent syrups from forming crystals of sugar. It is used to add bulk, body, texture,... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The oral bioavailability of drospirenone is between 66 and 85%. Peak levels occur 1 to 6 hours after an oral dose. Levels are about 27 ng/mL after a single 4 mg dose. There is 1.5- to 2-fold accumulation in drospirenone levels with continuous administration, with steady-state levels of drospirenone achieved after 7 to ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Because there is a difference in concentration of ions on either side of the membrane, the pH (defined using the relative activity) may also differ when protons are involved. In many instances, from ultrafiltration of proteins to ion exchange chromatography, the pH of the buffer adjacent to the charged groups of the me... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Oxaloacetate is an intermediate of the citric acid cycle, where it reacts with acetyl-CoA to form citrate, catalyzed by citrate synthase. It is also involved in gluconeogenesis, the urea cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, amino acid synthesis, and fatty acid synthesis. Oxaloacetate is also a potent inhibitor of complex II. | 1 | Biochemistry |
By determination of the interaction partners of unknown proteins, the possible functions of these new proteins may be inferred. This can be done using a single known protein against a library of unknown proteins or conversely, by selecting from a library of known proteins using a single protein of unknown function. | 1 | Biochemistry |
A reducing sugar is one that reduces another compound and is itself oxidized; that is, the carbonyl carbon of the sugar is oxidized to a carboxyl group.
A sugar is classified as a reducing sugar only if it has an open-chain form with an aldehyde group or a free hemiacetal group. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (RuBisCO) is the isotopic fractionation associated solely with the step in the Calvin-Benson cycle where a molecule of carbon dioxide () is attached to the 5-carbon sugar ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) to produce two 3-carbon sugars c... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Pharmaceutical manufacturers make amoxicillin in trihydrate form, for oral use available as capsules, regular, chewable and dispersible tablets, syrup and pediatric suspension for oral use, and as the sodium salt for intravenous administration.
An extended-release is available. The intravenous form of amoxicillin is no... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
The earliest habitation at the site dates back to the Chalcolithic period.
Arslantepe (VII) became important in this region in the Late Chalcolithic. A monumental area with a huge mudbrick building stood on top of a mound. This large building had wall decorations; its function is uncertain. | 8 | Metallurgy |
The ε-amino groups of the lysine residues in urease and phosphotriesterase also feature carbamate. The carbamate derived from aminoimidazole is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of inosine. Carbamoyl phosphate is generated from carboxyphosphate
rather than CO. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Halothane was first synthesized by C. W. Suckling of Imperial Chemical Industries in 1951 at the ICI Widnes Laboratory and was first used clinically by M. Johnstone in Manchester in 1956. Initially, many pharmacologists and anaesthesiologists had doubts about the safety and efficacy of the new drug. But halothane, whic... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
The functionality of a monomer molecule is the number of functional groups which participate in the polymerization. Monomers with functionality greater than two will introduce branching into a polymer, and the degree of polymerization will depend on the average functionality f per monomer unit. For a system containing ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Prehydrated electrons are free electrons that occur in water under irradiation. Usually they form complexes with water molecules and become hydrated electrons. They can also react with the bases of the nucleotides dGMP and dTMP in aqueous solution. This suggests they may also react with the bases of the DNA double heli... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Ionic bonding is a kind of chemical bonding that arises from the mutual attraction of oppositely charged ions. Ions of like charge repel each other, and ions of opposite charge attract each other. Therefore, ions do not usually exist on their own, but will bind with ions of opposite charge to form a crystal lattice. Th... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
TMAO reductase has an enzyme commission (EC) number of 1.7.2.3. EC numbers are a system of enzyme nomenclature, and each part of this nomenclature refers to a progressive classification of the enzyme with regards to its reaction. The first number defines the reaction type, the second number provides information on invo... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Without a chiral influence (for example a chiral catalyst, solvent or starting material), a chemical reaction that makes a chiral product will always yield a racemate. That can make the synthesis of a racemate cheaper and easier than making the pure enantiomer, because it does not require special conditions. This fact ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Colloid solutions used in intravenous therapy belong to a major group of volume expanders, and can be used for intravenous fluid replacement. Colloids preserve a high colloid osmotic pressure in the blood, and therefore, they should theoretically preferentially increase the intravascular volume, whereas other types of ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In bioinformatics, a sequence alignment is a way of arranging the sequences of DNA, RNA, or protein to identify regions of similarity that may be due to functional, structural, or evolutionary relationships between the sequences. If two sequences in an alignment share a common ancestor, mismatches can be interpreted as... | 1 | Biochemistry |
All measurements are reported with their standard uncertainty. Measurements of particular combinations of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes are unnecessary because water molecules constantly exchange atoms with each other. | 9 | Geochemistry |
In October 1921, Ostromislensky left Russia and moved to Latvia. There he assumed a position of assistant professor at the department of organic chemistry of University of Latvia in Riga. There he taught two major courses, on chemistry of rubber and on chemotherapeutic drugs. In May 1922, at the invitation of Dr. A. Ho... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
There are various expansions or additional techniques that can be applied in IVF, which are usually not necessary for the IVF procedure itself, but would be virtually impossible or technically difficult to perform without concomitantly performing methods of IVF. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The idea that life originated from non-living matter in slow stages appeared in Herbert Spencers 1864–1867 book Principles of Biology, and in William Turner Thiselton-Dyers 1879 paper "On spontaneous generation and evolution". On 1 February 1871 Charles Darwin wrote about these publications to Joseph Hooker, and set ou... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Many discoveries of precolonial gold artifacts go unreported because the gold is found or stolen by treasure hunters, who simply melt the gold down for profit. Among the most important gold artifact discoveries are the "Surigao Treasure" found by construction worker Berto Morales in 1991, the Agusan image found by Mano... | 8 | Metallurgy |
These rules are based on empirical evidence and numerous "exceptions" are known. Examples include:
* cyclisations of cations
* reactions involving third-row atoms, such as sulfur
* Transition metal catalysis | 4 | Stereochemistry |
The technique was developed in Wallonia in present-day Belgium during the Middle Ages. The Walloon method consisted of making pig iron in a blast furnace, followed by refining it in a finery forge. The process was devised in the Liège region, and spread into France and thence from the Pays de Bray to England before th... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The mechanism of a glycosynthase is similar to the hydrolysis reaction of retaining glycosidases except no covalent-enzyme intermediate is formed. Mutation of the active site nucleophile to a non-nucleophilic amino acid prevents the formation of a covalent intermediate. An activated glycosyl donor with a good anomer... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Iron was not the only metal to be used in Africa; copper and brass were widely utilised too. However the steady spread of iron meant it must have had more favourable properties for many different uses. Its durability over copper meant that it was used to make many tools from farming pieces to weaponry. Iron was used fo... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Oncoprotein 18/Stathmin has been shown to increase the frequency of catastrophe. Oncoprotein 18 (Op18) is a cytosolic protein that are found in abundance in either benign or malignant tumor site: through the complex timing of phosphorylation, this biomolecule regulates the depolymerization of microtubules. It has four ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In 1980, Joan J. Taylor published the first comprehensive study of the available evidence, entitled Bronze Age Goldwork of the British Isles. In 1994, the archaeologist George Eogan published an academic monograph on the subject, entitled The Accomplished Art: Gold and Gold-Working in Britain and Ireland during the Bro... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Chelation therapy is a form of medical treatment in which a chelating ligand is used to selectively remove a metal from the body. When the metal exists as a divalent ion, such as with lead, Pb or mercury, Hg selectivity against calcium, Ca and magnesium, Mg, is essential in order that the treatment does not remove esse... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A molecule can have more than one acyl halide functional group. For example, "adipoyl dichloride", usually simply called adipoyl chloride, has two acyl chloride functional groups; see the structure at right. It is the dichloride (i.e., double chloride) of the 6-carbon dicarboxylic acid adipic acid. An important use of ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Asemota has undertaken outreach research with Jamaican farmers, experimenting with lab-derived yam planting materials in their fields, and reviving threatened Jamaican yam varieties. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Bronzing is a process by which a bronze-like surface is applied to other materials (metallic or non-metallic). Some bronzing processes are merely simulated finishes (patinas) applied to existing metal surfaces, or coatings of powdered metal that give the appearance of a solid metal surface. In other cases, an actual la... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
* Member of the Lithuanian Biochemical Society (since 2003)
* Member of the Royal Society of Chemistry (since 2016)
* Member of the International Chemical Biology Society (since 2017)
* Member of the American Chemical Society (since 2021)
* Member of the Sigma Xi (since 2023) | 1 | Biochemistry |
Ichnofacies are assemblages of individual trace fossils that occur repeatedly in time and space. Palaeontologist Adolf Seilacher pioneered the concept of ichnofacies, whereby geologists infer the state of a sedimentary system at its time of deposition by noting the fossils in association with one another. The principal... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
In aqueous solutions (solutions of water), water gradually (over the course of hours) hydrolyzes polyphosphates into smaller phosphates and finally into ortho-phosphate, given enough water. Higher temperature or acidic conditions can speed up the hydrolysis reactions considerably.
Conversely, polyphosphoric acids or ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In crystallography, the dyakis dodecahedron only exists in one crystal, which is pyrite. Pyrite has other forms other than the dyakis dodecahedron, including tetrahedra, octahedra, cubes and pyritohedra. Though the cube and octahedron are in the cubic crystal system, the dyakis dodecahedron and the pyritohedon are in ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Redox titrations are based on a reduction-oxidation reaction between an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent. A potentiometer or a redox indicator is usually used to determine the endpoint of the titration, as when one of the constituents is the oxidizing agent potassium dichromate. The color change of the solution fr... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In a reaction much similar to the enamine alkylation, enamines can be acylated to form a final dicarbonyl product. The enamine starting material undergoes a nucleophilic addition to acyl halides forming the iminium salt intermediate which can hydrolyze in the presence of acid. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In a classical ideal gas with massive particles, the energy of the particles is distributed according to a Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. This distribution is established as the particles collide with each other, exchanging energy (and momentum) in the process. In a photon gas, there will also be an equilibrium distri... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In biochemistry, Michaelis–Menten kinetics, named after Leonor Michaelis and Maud Menten, is the simplest case of enzyme kinetics, applied to enzyme-catalysed reactions of one substrate and one product. It takes the form of a differential equation describing the reaction rate (rate of formation of product P, with conc... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The [4+4] Photocycloaddition is a cycloaddition reaction in which two unsaturated molecules connect via four atoms from each molecule (hence "4 + 4") to create an eight-membered ring. As a photochemical reaction, it is promoted by some form of light, as opposed to a thermal process. | 5 | Photochemistry |
Several simple methods for encoding text have been proposed. Most of these involve translating each letter into a corresponding "codon", consisting of a unique small sequence of nucleotides in a lookup table. Some examples of these encoding schemes include Huffman codes, comma codes, and alternating codes. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Intramolecular aglycon delivery is a synthetic strategy for the construction of glycans. This approach is generally used for the formation of difficult glycosidic linkages. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In 1553, Pierre Belon described in his work Observations that pissasphalto, a mixture of pitch and bitumen, was used in the Republic of Ragusa (now Dubrovnik, Croatia) for tarring of ships.
An 1838 edition of Mechanics Magazine cites an early use of asphalt in France. A pamphlet dated 1621, by "a certain Monsieur d'Eyr... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Ubiquinol oxidases () are enzymes in the bacterial electron transport chain that oxidise ubiquinol into ubiquinone and reduce oxygen to water. These enzymes are one set of the many alternative terminal oxidases in the branched prokaryotic electron transport chain. The overall structure of the E. coli ubiquinol oxidase ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
James Clerk Maxwell in his 1871 Theory of Heat outlines four stipulations for the definition of heat:
* It is something which may be transferred from one body to another, according to the second law of thermodynamics.
* It is a measurable quantity, and so can be treated mathematically.
* It cannot be treated as a mate... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Esmirtazapine (ORG-50,081) is a tetracyclic antidepressant drug that was under development by Organon for the treatment of insomnia and vasomotor symptoms (e.g., hot flashes) associated with menopause. Esmirtazapine is the (S)-(+)-enantiomer of mirtazapine and possesses similar overall pharmacology, including inverse a... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Research into solar power for terrestrial applications became prominent with the U.S. National Science Foundation's Advanced Solar Energy Research and Development Division within the "Research Applied to National Needs" program, which ran from 1969 to 1977, and funded research on developing solar power for ground elect... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Mustafa Babanlı (; born February 21, 1968), is an Azerbaijani scientist, Rector of the Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University.
On September 3, 2015, Mustafa Babanli was appointed Rector of the Azerbaijan State University of Oil and Industry. He is a member of the International Association of University Presidents... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Health Canada has investigated the risks and benefits of pseudoephedrine and ephedrine/Ephedra. Near the end of the study, Health Canada issued a warning on their website stating that those who are under the age of 12, or who have heart disease and may have strokes, should avoid taking pseudoephedrine and ephedrine. Al... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
One study in mice demonstrated dose-related carcinogenic potential at several different organ sites. The Food and Drug Administration in the US (FDA) has determined that gentian violet has not been shown by adequate scientific data to be safe for use in animal feed. Use of gentian violet in animal feed causes the feed ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
There are a large number of proteins yet to be identified that transport Mg. Even in the best studied eukaryote, yeast, Borrelly has reported a Mg/H exchanger without an associated protein, which is probably localised to the Golgi. At least one other major Mg transporter in yeast is still unaccounted for, the one affec... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Woven wire cloth, typically produced from stainless steel, is commonly employed as a filtration medium for sieving in a wide range of industries. Most often woven with a plain weave, or a twill weave for the lightest of meshes, apertures can be produced from a few microns upwards (e.g. 25 microns), employing wires with... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The analyte of interest may be biological or chemical in nature, and by way of example, only may include chemical moieties (toxins, metabolites, drugs and drug residues), peptides, proteins, cellular components, viruses, and combinations thereof. The analyte of interest may be in either a fluid or a supporting medium, ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Using antibody microarray in different medical diagnostic areas has attracted researchers attention. Digital bioassay is an example of such research domains. In this technology, an array of microwells on a glass/polymer chip are seeded with magnetic beads (coated with fluorescent tagged antibodies), subjected to target... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The database houses a wide range of information available for samples from all over the globe to be grouped into two categories: (a) observations and measurements (e.g. mineral data, images, chemical analyses), for which robust data models already exist, and (b) interpretative results (e.g. P-T conditions, crystallizat... | 9 | Geochemistry |
During the day, the stomata close to conserve water, and the -storing organic acids are released from the vacuoles of the mesophyll cells. An enzyme in the stroma of chloroplasts releases the , which enters into the Calvin cycle so that photosynthesis may take place. | 5 | Photochemistry |
This process consists of depositing a solid culture substrate, such as rice or wheat bran, on flatbeds after seeding it with microorganisms; the substrate is then left in a temperature-controlled room for several days.
Liquid state fermentation is performed in tanks, which can reach at an industrial scale. Liquid cult... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A leukocidin is a type of cytotoxin created by some types of bacteria (Staphylococcus). It is a type of pore-forming toxin. The model for pore formation is step-wise. First, the cytotoxin’s “S” subunit recognizes specific protein-containing receptors, or an integrin on the host cell’s surface. The S subunit then recrui... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Figure 1 to the right explains the basic principle, in which the organic extractant E is contained inside the pores of a porous particle. The solute S, which is initially dissolved in the aqueous phase surrounding the SIR particle, physically dissolves in the organic extractant phase during the extraction process. Furt... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Leishmania tarentolae (cannot infect mammals) expression systems allow stable and lasting production of proteins at high yield, in chemically defined media. Produced proteins exhibit fully eukaryotic post-translational modifications, including glycosylation and disulfide bond formation. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Most humans have multiple copies of the regulatory gene sequence for prodynorphin, which is virtually identical among all primates, whereas other primates have only a single copy. In addition, most Asian populations have two copies of the gene sequence for prodynorphin, whereas East Africas, Middle Easterners, and Euro... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Bromothymol blue acts as a weak acid in a solution. It can thus be in protonated or deprotonated form, appearing yellow or blue, respectively. It is bright aquamarine by itself, and greenish-blue in a neutral solution. The deprotonation of the neutral form results in a highly conjugated structure, accounting for the di... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In plants, ATP synthase is also present in chloroplasts (CFF-ATP synthase). The enzyme is integrated into thylakoid membrane; the CF-part sticks into stroma, where dark reactions of photosynthesis (also called the light-independent reactions or the Calvin cycle) and ATP synthesis take place. The overall structure and t... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Diphosphene compounds usually exhibit a symmetry-allowed () (intense) and symmetry-forbidden electronic transitions () (weak). In Raman, there is significant enhancement of P=P stretch in the resonance with allowed electron transition than with the forbidden transition due to different geometries of excited states an... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The term Reststrahlen was coined following the observation by Heinrich Rubens in 1898 that repeated reflection of an infrared beam at the surface of a given material suppresses radiation at all wavelengths except for certain spectral intervals, and Rubens detected wavelengths of sizes around 60 μm. The measured intensi... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A glucuronide, also known as glucuronoside, is any substance produced by linking glucuronic acid to another substance via a glycosidic bond. The glucuronides belong to the glycosides.
Glucuronidation, the conversion of chemical compounds to glucuronides, is a method that animals use to assist in the excretion of toxic ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
To describe the geometry of graphical surfaces that illustrate equilibrium relations between thermodynamic functions of state, no one can fictively think of so-called "reversible processes". They are convenient theoretical objects that trace paths across graphical surfaces. They are called "processes" but do not descri... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The term Dallol was coined by the Afar people and means dissolution or disintegration, describing a landscape of green acid ponds and geysers (pH-values less than 1) and iron oxide, sulfur and salt desert plains. | 9 | Geochemistry |
The first version of HMDB was released on January 1, 2007, followed by two subsequent versions on January 1, 2009 (version 2.0), August 1, 2009 (version 2.5), September 18, 2012 (version 3.0) and Jan. 1, 2013 (version 3.5), 2017 (version 4.0)., 2022 (version 5.0). Details for each of the major HMDB versions (up to vers... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Progesterone and its neurosteroid active metabolite allopregnanolone appear to be importantly involved in libido in females. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Drug metabolism is the metabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms, usually through specialized enzymatic systems. More generally, xenobiotic metabolism (from the Greek xenos "stranger" and biotic "related to living beings") is the set of metabolic pathways that modify the chemical structure of xenobiotics, which... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Herpesviruses are ubiquitous pathogens infecting a variety of animals, including humans. Hosts include many economically important species such as abalone, oysters, salmon, poultry (avian infectious laryngotracheitis, Marek's disease), cattle (bovine malignant catarrhal fever), dogs, goats, horses, cats (feline viral r... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Mutations that prevent the expression of Rab27 (knock out mutations) cause the hypopigmentation and immunodeficiency disorder known as type II Griscelli syndrome, while a decrease in Rab27 prenylation is thought to be involved in choroideremia.
The symptoms of type II Griscelli syndrome have shown that Rab27 is involve... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In recent years Raman-SEC has become an important tool in the study of electrochemical processes and in the characterization of many molecules, providing specific in situ information about them. Some applications are:
* Materials: Raman-SEC is widely used in the study and characterization of new materials, such as gra... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
There are three main classes of biopolymers: polysaccharides, polypeptides, and polynucleotides.
In living cells, they may be synthesized by enzyme-mediated processes, such as the formation of DNA catalyzed by DNA polymerase. The synthesis of proteins involves multiple enzyme-mediated processes to transcribe genetic in... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide that provides energy to drive and support many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, condensate dissolution, and chemical synthesis. Found in all known forms of life, it is often referred to as the "molecular unit of currency" of i... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In biochemistry, naturally occurring phenols are natural products containing at least one phenol functional group. Phenolic compounds are produced by plants and microorganisms. Organisms sometimes synthesize phenolic compounds in response to ecological pressures such as pathogen and insect attack, UV radiation and woun... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
IgA - IgE receptor - IGF type 1 receptor - IGF type 2 receptor - IgG - IgM - immediate-early protein - immune cell - immune system - immunoglobulin - immunoglobulin joining region - immunoglobulin variable region - immunologic receptor - immunology - In vivo - infrared spectroscopy - inhibin - inhibitor - inhibitory gi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
LHASA (Logic and Heuristics Applied to Synthetic Analysis) is a computer program developed in 1971 by the research group of Elias James Corey at the Harvard University Department of Chemistry. The program uses artificial intelligence techniques to discover sequences of reactions which may be used to synthesize a molecu... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The first α-Keggin anion, ammonium phosphomolybdate (), was first reported by Berzelius in 1826. In 1892, Blomstrand proposed the structure of phosphomolybdic acid and other poly-acids as a chain or ring configuration. Alfred Werner, using the coordination compounds ideas of Copaux, attempted to explain the structure o... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Within atomic, molecular, and optical physics, there are numerous studies using molecules to verify fundamental constants and probe for physics beyond the Standard Model. Certain molecular structures are predicted to be sensitive to new physics phenomena, such as parity and time-reversal violation. Molecules are also c... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Acoustic resonance spectroscopy (ARS) is a method of spectroscopy in the acoustic region, primarily the sonic and ultrasonic regions. ARS is typically much more rapid than HPLC and NIR. It is non destructive and requires no sample preparation as the sampling waveguide can simply be pushed into a sample powder/liquid or... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Reversible-deactivation polymerization is defined as a chain polymerization propagated by chain carriers that are deactivated reversibly, bringing them into one or more active-dormant equilibria. An example of a reversible-deactivation polymerization is group-transfer polymerization. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Resonance (or delocalization) energy is the amount of energy needed to convert the true delocalized structure into that of the most stable contributing structure. The empirical resonance energy can be estimated by comparing the enthalpy change of hydrogenation of the real substance with that estimated for the contribut... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Fick principle relies on the observation that the total uptake of (or release of) a substance by the peripheral tissues is equal to the product of the blood flow to the peripheral tissues and the arterial-venous concentration difference (gradient) of the substance. In the determination of cardiac output, the substa... | 1 | Biochemistry |
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