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*Nucleobase analogues
**Thiopurines such as thioguanine are used to treat acute leukemias and remissions in acute granulocytic leukemias.
***Azathioprine is the main immunosuppressive cytotoxic substance. A prodrug, it is widely used in transplantation to control rejection reactions. It is nonenzymatically cleaved to m... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Nuclease protection assay is a laboratory technique used in biochemistry and genetics to identify individual RNA molecules in a heterogeneous RNA sample extracted from cells. The technique can identify one or more RNA molecules of known sequence even at low total concentration. The extracted RNA is first mixed with ant... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Aldol reactions are commonly used in organic chemistry to form carbon-to-carbon bonds. The aldehyde-alcohol motif common to the reaction product is ubiquitous to synthetic chemistry and natural products. The reaction utilizes two carbonyl compounds to generate a β-hydroxy carbonyl. Catalysis is always necessary because... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Fluorine is estimated to be the 13th-most abundant element in Earth's crust and is widely dispersed in nature, entirely in the form of fluorides. The vast majority is held in mineral deposits, the most commercially important of which is fluorite (CaF). Natural weathering of some kinds of rocks, as well as human activit... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The mechanism of nucleophilic epoxidation begins with conjugate addition of the peroxide (or other O-nucleophilic species) to the enone. Metal ions or conjugate acids present in solution coordinate both the peroxide oxygen and the enolate oxygen. Attack of the enolate on the peroxide oxygen generates the epoxide produc... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The components of a capillary electrochromatograph are a sample vial, source and destination vials, a packed capillary, electrodes, a high voltage power supply, a detector, and a data output and handling device. The source vial, destination vial and capillary are filled with an electrolyte such as an aqueous buffer sol... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The hallmark of linear azol(in)e-containing peptide (LAP) biosynthesis is the formation of azol(in)e heterocycles from the nucleophilic amino acids serine, threonine, or cysteine. This is accomplished by three enzymes referred to as the B, C, and D proteins; the precursor peptide is referred to as the A protein, as in ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
For effective range see Buffer capacity, above. Also see Good's buffers for the historic design principles and favourable properties of these buffer substances in biochemical applications. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
An antichlor is a substance used to decompose residual hypochlorite or chlorine after chlorine-based bleaching, in order to prevent ongoing reactions with, and therefore damage to, the material that has been bleached. Sodium bisulfite is an example of an antichlor. Historically, sodium bisulfite has been used in the te... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
An activated complex with high symmetry can decrease the accuracy of rate expressions. Error can arise from introducing symmetry numbers into the rotational partition functions for the reactants and activated complexes. To reduce errors, symmetry numbers can by omitted by multiplying the rate expression by a statistica... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
There is enormous amount of catalytic processes involving β-alkyl elimination that are synthetically useful. β-alkyl elimination in this case, however, is often considered as an alternative way of C–C bond cleavage while oxidative addition is the direct way. One of the examples is β-alkyl elimination of tert-alcoholate... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Yoon Nung-min (윤능민 尹能民, November 21, 1927 – April 1, 2009) is a South Korean chemist, known for his research in organic chemistry, specializing in metal hydrides.
He received his B.A. at Seoul National University in chemistry in 1951 and went on to complete his Ph.D. at Purdue University, under Herbert Charles Br... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Homoserine is produced from aspartate via aspartate-4-semialdehyde, which is produced from β-phosphoaspartate. By the action of homoserine dehydrogenases, the semialdehyde is converted to homoserine.
-Homoserine is substrate for homoserine kinase, yielding phosphohomoserine (homoserine-phosphate), which is converted to... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Contrary to bacteria and fungi, most plant metabolic pathways are not grouped into biosynthetic gene clusters, but instead are scattered as individual genes. Some exceptions have been discovered: steroidal glycoalkaloids in Solanum, polyketides in Pooideae, benzoxazinoids in Zea mays, triterpenes in Avena sativa, Cucur... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In an endothermic reaction or system, energy is taken from the surroundings in the course of the reaction, usually driven by a favorable entropy increase in the system. An example of an endothermic reaction is a first aid cold pack, in which the reaction of two chemicals, or dissolving of one in another, requires calor... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
According to the location of the rotaxanes units, polyrotaxanes can be mainly divided into two types: main chain polyrotaxanes, in which the rotaxane units locate on the main chain (axis), and side chain polyrotaxanes, in which the rotaxane units are located on the side chain. Corresponding polypseudorotaxanes can also... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
In addition to M–M single bonds, metal pairs can be linked by double, triple, quadruple, and in a few cases, quintuple bonds. Isolable complexes with multiple bonds are most common among the transition metals in the middle of the d-block, such as rhenium, tungsten, technetium, molybdenum and chromium. Typical the colig... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The identity of the repeat units (monomer residues, also known as "mers") comprising a polymer is its first and most important attribute. Polymer nomenclature is generally based upon the type of monomer residues comprising the polymer. A polymer which contains only a single type of repeat unit is known as a homopolymer... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The bioactive structures (native or 3D conformation or shape) of the isolated protein molecules do not undergo any significant conformational changes. Thus, active metal cofactor-containing proteins can be isolated reproducibly in the same fractions after a PAGE run. A shifting peak in the respective electropherogram i... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Plasma level monitoring of vancomycin is necessary due to the drug's biexponential distribution, intermediate hydrophilicity, and potential for ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, especially in populations with poor renal function and/or increased propensity to bacterial infection. Vancomycin activity is considered to be t... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Some metal alkyls feature agostic interactions between a C-H bond on the alkyl group and the metal. Such interactions are especially common for complexes of early transition metals in their highest oxidation states.
One determinant of the kinetic stability of metal-alkyl complexes is the presence of hydrogen at the po... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) uses an inductively coupled plasma to produce excited atoms and ions that emit electromagnetic radiation at wavelengths characteristic of a particular element.
Advantages of ICP-AES are the excellent limit of detection and linear dynamic range, multi-ele... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, umpolung () or polarity inversion is the chemical modification of a functional group with the aim of the reversal of polarity of that group. This modification allows secondary reactions of this functional group that would otherwise not be possible. The concept was introduced by D. Seebach (hence ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
For example, the skeletal formula of hexane (top) is shown below. The carbon atom labeled C appears to have only one bond, so there must also be three hydrogens bonded to it, in order to make its total number of bonds four. The carbon atom labelled C has two bonds to other carbons and is therefore bonded to two hydrog... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
β-catenin has also been implicated in regulation of cell fates through asymmetric cell division in the model organism C. elegans. Similarly to the Xenopus oocytes, this is essentially the result of non-equal distribution of Dsh, Frizzled, axin and APC in the cytoplasm of the mother cell. | 1 | Biochemistry |
;closo-
:The boron atoms lie on each vertex of the octahedron and are sp hybridized. One sp-hybrid radiates away from the structure forming the bond with the hydrogen atom. The other sp-hybrid radiates into the center of the structure forming a large bonding molecular orbital at the center of the cluster. The remaining... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Unsaponifiables are components of a fatty substance (oil, fat, wax) that fail to form soaps when treated with alkali and remain insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. For instance, typical soybean oil contains, by weight, 1.5 – 2.5% of unsaponifiable matter. Unsaponifiables include nonvolatile components :... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Electron diffraction in a TEM exploits controlled electron beams using electron optics. Different types of diffraction experiments, for instance Figure 9, provide information such as lattice constants, symmetries, and sometimes to solve an unknown crystal structure.
It is common to combine it with other methods, for in... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The empirical laws that led to the derivation of the ideal gas law were discovered with experiments that changed only 2 state variables of the gas and kept every other one constant.
All the possible gas laws that could have been discovered with this kind of setup are:
* Boyle's law ()
* Charles's law ()
* Avogadro's ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Moisture makes the cortex become more transparent. This way, the algae can conduct photosynthesis when moisture is available, and is protected at other times. When the cortex is more transparent, the algae show more clearly and the lichen looks greener. | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
In Cartesian coordinates the 3 basis vectors are represented by a cell tensor :
The volume of the unit cell, , is given by the determinant of the cell tensor:
For the special case of a cubic, tetragonal, or orthorhombic cell, the matrix is diagonal, and we have that: | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Molten sucrose is used instead of solvent. The reaction involves molten sucrose and fatty acid ester (methyl ester or triglyceride) with a basic catalyst, potassium carbonate or potassium soap. The high temperature (170-190 °C) is required for this process. Since the process is carried out at a high temperature, sucros... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Spark or arc atomic emission spectroscopy is used for the analysis of metallic elements in solid samples. For non-conductive materials, the sample is ground with graphite powder to make it conductive. In traditional arc spectroscopy methods, a sample of the solid was commonly ground up and destroyed during analysis. An... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Square antiprisms can be capped on both square faces, giving bicapped square antiprismatic molecular geometry. The bicapped square antiprismatic atoms surrounding a central atom define the vertices of a gyroelongated square bipyramid. The symmetry group of this object is D.
Examples:
*BH, defined by the B framework
*[A... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
The precise physiological role of uteroglobin is not yet known. Putative functions are:
# Immunomodulation
# Progesterone binding: weak in some animals, especially weak in humans. (Note: UGB is itself progesterone induced gene in the endometrium in Lagomorphs)
# Inhibits phospholipase A2 in vitro
# Binds phosphatidylch... | 1 | Biochemistry |
*1982 – Arnold O. Beckman Research Award, University of Illinois
*1983 – Established Investigator Award, American Heart Association
*2003 – Vilas Associate Award, UW-Madison | 1 | Biochemistry |
Asemota was born in Nigeria. She earned a Bachelor of Science from the University of Benin, a Master of Science from Ahmadu Bello University, and a Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Benin/Frankfurt University. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The third and last stop codon in the standard genetic code was discovered soon after, and corresponds to the nucleotide triplet "UGA".
To continue matching with the theme of colored minerals, the third nonsense codon came to be known as "opal", which is a type of silica showing a variety of colors. Nonsense mutations t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Lichens can show intense antioxidant activity. Secondary metabolites are often deposited as crystals in the apoplast. Secondary metabolites are thought to play a role in preference for some substrates over others. | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Surface chemistry of implantable electrodes proves to be more of a design concern for chronically implanted electrodes as compared to those with only acute implantation times. For acute implantations, the main concerns are laceration damage and degradation of particles left behind after electrode removal. For chronical... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Mill scale is sought after by select abstract expressionist artists as its effect on steel can cause unpredicted and seemingly random abstract organic visual effects. Although the majority of mill scale is removed from steel during its passage through scale breaker rolls during manufacturing, smaller structurally inco... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Old high-precision frequency standards, i.e. hyperfine structure transition-based atomic clocks, may require periodic fine-tuning due to exposure to magnetic fields. This is carried out by measuring the Zeeman effect on specific hyperfine structure transition levels of the source element (cesium) and applying a uniform... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The following scheme describes the interconversion between an aldose and a ketose, where R is any organic residue.
The equilibrium or the reactant to product ratio depends on concentration, solvent, pH and temperature. At equilibrium the aldose and ketose form a mixture which in the case of the glyceraldehyde and dihy... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Also in the area of nanoparticles, surface stress can play a significant role in the stabilization of decahedral nanoparticle and icosahedral twins. In both cases an arrangement of internal twin boundaries leads to lower energy surface energy facets. Balancing this there are nominal angular gaps (disclinations) which a... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Upon blood exiting the body, hemoglobin in blood transits from bright red to dark brown, which is attributed to oxidation of oxy-hemoglobin (HbO) to methemoglobin (met-Hb) and ending up in hemichrome (HC). For forensic purposes, the fractions of HbO, met-Hb and HC in a bloodstain can be used for age determination of bl... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Absolute electrode potential, in electrochemistry, according to an IUPAC definition, is the electrode potential of a metal measured with respect to a universal reference system (without any additional metal–solution interface). | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA elements) project is an in-depth analysis of the human genome whose goal is to identify all the functional elements of genomic DNA, in both coding and non-coding regions. Important results include evidence from genomic tiling arrays that most nucleotides are transcribed as coding transcr... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The cost of sequencing has dropped dramatically while the cost of construction of jumping libraries has not. Therefore, as new sequencing technologies and bioinformatic tools are developed, jumping libraries may become redundant. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Neuromelanin-containing neurons in the substantia nigra degenerate during Parkinsons disease. Motor symptoms of Parkinsons disease are caused by cell death in the substantia nigra, which may be partly due to oxidative stress. This oxidation may be relieved by neuromelanin. Patients with Parkinsons disease had 50% the a... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In 16th-century Europe, medical practitioners in army and university settings began to gather information on the cause and manner of death. Ambroise Paré, a French army surgeon, systematically studied the effects of violent death on internal organs. Two Italian surgeons, Fortunato Fidelis and Paolo Zacchia, laid the fo... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Supercritical fluids can be used to deposit functional nanostructured films and nanometer-size particles of metals onto surfaces. The high diffusivities and concentrations of precursor in the fluid as compared to the vacuum systems used in chemical vapour deposition allow deposition to occur in a surface reaction rate ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Mirror life (also called mirror-image life) is a hypothetical form of life with mirror-reflected molecular building blocks. The possibility of mirror life was first discussed by Louis Pasteur. Although this alternative life form has not been discovered in nature, efforts to build a mirror-image version of biology's mol... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Common side effects associated with oral vancomycin administration (used to treat intestinal infections) include:
* gastrointestinal adverse effects (such as abdominal pain and nausea);
* dysgeusia (distorted sense of taste), in case of administration of vancomycin oral solution, but not in case of vancomycin capsules... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Liquid ammonia will dissolve all of the alkali metals and other electropositive metals such as Ca, Sr, Ba, Eu, and Yb (also Mg using an electrolytic process), giving characteristic blue solutions. For alkali metals in liquid ammonia, the solution is blue when dilute and copper-colored when more concentrated (> 3 molar)... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Type II rearrangements often involve double hydrogen migration in a carbon skeleton. This reaction type can be found in certain transfer hydrogenations. An example is hydrogen transfer in syn-sesquinorbornene
disulfones. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Convection in a large magma chamber is subject to the interplay of forces generated by thermal convection and the resistance offered by friction, viscosity and drag on the magma offered by the walls of the magma chamber. Often near the margins of a magma chamber which is convecting, cooler and more viscous layers form ... | 9 | Geochemistry |
This book describes the miner and the finding of veins. Agricola assumes that his audience is the mine owner, or an investor in mines. He advises owners to live at the mine and to appoint good deputies. It is recommended to buy shares in mines that have not started to produce as well as existing mines to balance the ri... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The compressor has to run with the same speed (or fixed gear ratio) as its driving turbine and have equal power and pass the same flow as its driving turbine. This constitutes a gas generator which produces gas power. The compressor also has to pass the same flow as whatever uses the gas power, ie additional turbine st... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The liver contains metabolic active tissues as it is responsible for detoxification, protein and carbohydrate metabolism. Therefore, It needs a lot of energy to function and contains abundant mitochondria. Any abnormalities in mitochondria would affect liver metabolism. If the liver does not work properly, it may produ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A defoliant is any herbicidal chemical sprayed or dusted on plants to cause their leaves to fall off. Defoliants are widely used for the selective removal of weeds in managing croplands and lawns. Worldwide use of defoliants, along with the development of other herbicides and pesticides, allowed for the Green Revolutio... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Methanesulfonyl chloride is highly toxic by inhalation, corrosive, and acts as a lachrymator. It reacts with nucleophilic reagents (including water) in a strongly exothermic manner. When heated to decomposition point, it emits toxic vapors of sulfur oxides and hydrogen chloride. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Anthocyanins are found in the cell vacuole, mostly in flowers and fruits, but also in leaves, stems, and roots. In these parts, they are found predominantly in outer cell layers such as the epidermis and peripheral mesophyll cells.
Most frequently occurring in nature are the glycosides of cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidi... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In statistical copolymers the sequence of monomer residues follows a statistical rule. If the probability of finding a given type monomer residue at a particular point in the chain is equal to the mole fraction of that monomer residue in the chain, then the polymer may be referred to as a truly random copolymer (struct... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The RNA integrity number (RIN) is an algorithm for assigning integrity values to RNA measurements.
The integrity of RNA is a major concern for gene expression studies and traditionally has been evaluated using the 28S to 18S rRNA ratio, a method that has been shown to be inconsistent. This inconsistency arises because ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Specifically it is used as mefloquine hydrochloride.
Mefloquine is a chiral molecule with two asymmetric carbon centres, which means it has four different stereoisomers. The drug is currently manufactured and sold as a racemate of the (R,S)- and (S,R)-enantiomers by Hoffmann-La Roche, a Swiss pharmaceutical company. Es... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
The first event appears to be the accumulation of cell adhesion molecules such as NF186 or NrCAM. The intra-cellular regions of these cell-adhesion molecules interact with ankyrin G, which serves as an anchor for sodium channels. At the same time, the periaxonal extension of the glial cell wraps around the axon, givi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Born in Ararat, Victoria, Sarfati moved with his family to New Zealand as a child, where he became a dual Australian and New Zealand citizen. He attended Wellington College in New Zealand, later graduating from Victoria University of Wellington with a BSc (Hons.) in chemistry, and a PhD in the same subject for a thesis... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HX-MS or HDX-MS) can determine the overall deuterium content of molecules which have undergone H/D exchange. Because of the sample preparation required, it is typically considered to provide an accurate measurement of non-exchangeable hydrogen atoms only. It can also invol... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Measuring the quantity of water vapor in a medium can be done directly or remotely with varying degrees of accuracy. Remote methods such electromagnetic absorption are possible from satellites above planetary atmospheres. Direct methods may use electronic transducers, moistened thermometers or hygroscopic materials mea... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
All HMOs derive from lactose, which can be decorated by four monosaccharides (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, D-galactose, sialic acid and/or L-fucose) to form an oligosaccharide. The HMO variability in human mothers depend on two specific enzymes, the α1-2-fucosyltransferase (FUT2) and the α1-3/4-fucosyltransferase (FUT3). Th... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Because of the full or partial positive charge on the element directly attached to the ring for each of these groups, they all have a moderate to strong electron-withdrawing inductive effect (known as the -I effect). They also exhibit electron-withdrawing resonance effects, (known as the -M effect):
Thus, these groups ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The relationship between fractional and Cartesian coordinates can be described by the matrix transformation :
Similarly, the Cartesian coordinates can be converted back to fractional coordinates using the matrix transformation : | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The concentration of tracer in a step experiment at the reactor inlet changes abruptly from 0 to . The concentration of tracer at the outlet is measured and normalized to the concentration to obtain the non-dimensional curve which goes from 0 to 1:
The step- and pulse-responses of a reactor are related by the followi... | 9 | Geochemistry |
In the case of the original Grätzel and O'Regan design, the cell has 3 primary parts. On top is a transparent anode made of fluoride-doped tin dioxide (SnO:F) deposited on the back of a (typically glass) plate. On the back of this conductive plate is a thin layer of titanium dioxide (TiO), which forms into a highly por... | 5 | Photochemistry |
The hydrogen ions displace metal from the salt so that metal, instead of hydrogen, is deposited on the positive plate. Examples:
* Silver oxide, used in the Silver-oxide battery
* Copper sulphate, used in the Daniell cell
* Mercurous sulphate, used in the Weston and Clark standard cells | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Donnan potential is the difference in the Galvani potentials which appears as a result of Donnan equilibrium, named after Frederick G. Donnan, which refers to the distribution of ion species between two ionic solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane or boundary. The boundary layer maintains an unequal distribut... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A phagosome is a vacuole formed around a particle absorbed by phagocytosis. The vacuole is formed by the fusion of the cell membrane around the particle. A phagosome is a cellular compartment in which pathogenic microorganisms can be killed and digested. Phagosomes fuse with lysosomes in their maturation process, form... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Nitrogen entering the euphotic zone is referred to as new nitrogen because it is newly arrived from outside the productive layer. The new nitrogen can come from below the euphotic zone or from outside sources. Outside sources are upwelling from deep water and nitrogen fixation. If the organic matter is eaten, respired,... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Morpholinos have been used to block miRNA activity and maturation. Fluorescein-tagged Morpholinos combined with fluorescein-specific antibodies can be used as probes for in-situ hybridization to miRNAs. Morpholinos can block ribozyme activity. U2 and U12 snRNP functions have been inhibited by Morpholinos. Morpholinos... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Iodosobenzene or iodosylbenzene is an organoiodine compound with the empirical formula . This colourless solid compound is used as an oxo transfer reagent in research laboratories examining organic and coordination chemistry. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Experimental study of any supramolecular structures in bulk water is difficult because of their short lifetime: the hydrogen bonds are continually breaking and reforming at timescales faster than 200 femtoseconds.
Nevertheless, water clusters have been observed in the gas phase and in dilute mixtures of water and non-p... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Overshot titrations are a common phenomenon, and refer to a situation where the volume of titrant added during a chemical titration exceeds the amount required to reach the equivalence point. This excess titrant leads to an outcome where the solution becomes slightly more alkaline or over-acidified.
Overshooting the eq... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
S. S. Goldich derived this series in 1938 after studying soil profiles and their parent rocks. Based on sample analysis from a series of weathered localities, Goldich determined that the weathering rate of minerals is controlled at least in part by the order in which they crystallize from a melt. This order meant that ... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Zhao has published over 200 papers in international journals and obtained 20 Chinese invention patents. Zhao won many awards:
2010 Japanese Photochemistry Association Lectureship Award for Asian and OceanianPhotochemist.
2005 The Second Grade National Prize of Natural Science of China (the first contributor).
2002 T... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Polysubstituted benzenes were originally synthesized by substitution reactions on aromatic precursors. However, these reactions can have low regioselectivity and are prone to over substitution. Directed ortho metalation requires precursors that are often unstable to metallating reagents. Both these synthetic routes pos... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The first recorded experimental work in copper was conducted by Cushing in 1894 in order to demonstrate that copper plate found in Hopewell mounds in Ohio could have been produced by the Hopewell people and not come from European trade. In his experiments, Cushing used antler and stone tools to cut out sheets of coppe... | 8 | Metallurgy |
In 1924 Ingold moved to the University of Leeds where he spent six years as Professor of Organic Chemistry working alongside his wife, Dr. Dr. Edith Hilda Ingold (Usherwood) . He returned to London in 1930, and served for 24 years as head of the chemistry department at University College London, from 1937 until his ret... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
In 1998 Kubista founded LightUp Technologies AB after his research finding of lightUp probes, a company that specializes in the development of real-time PCR tests for human infectious diseases. Three years later In 2001, Kubista's research led to the establishments of MultiD Analyses AB, which develops GenEx software f... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Dibutylboron trifluoromethanesulfonate (also called dibutylboron triflate or DBBT) is a reagent in organic chemistry. Its chemical formula is CHBFOS. It is used in asymmetric synthesis for example in the formation of boron enolates in the aldol reaction. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Primary energy sources should not be confused with the energy system components (or conversion processes) through which they are converted into energy carriers. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
cAMP is a second messenger, used for intracellular signal transduction, such as transferring into cells the effects of hormones like glucagon and adrenaline, which cannot pass through the plasma membrane. It is also involved in the activation of protein kinases. In addition, cAMP binds to and regulates the function of... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Alkane conformers arise from rotation around sp hybridised carbon–carbon sigma bonds. The smallest alkane with such a chemical bond, ethane, exists as an infinite number of conformations with respect to rotation around the C–C bond. Two of these are recognised as energy minimum (staggered conformation) and energy maxim... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Respiratory complex I, (also known as NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, Type I NADH dehydrogenase and mitochondrial complex I) is the first large protein complex of the respiratory chains of many organisms from bacteria to humans. It catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADH to coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and translocates ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In transhydrocyanation, an equivalent of HCN is transferred from a cyanohydrin, e.g. acetone cyanohydrin, to another HCN acceptor. The transfer is an equilibrium process, initiated by base. The reaction can be driven by trapping reactions or by the use of a superior HCN acceptor, such as an aldehyde. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
As the ordinate scale spans the entire range of theoretically possible vales, from to one can see at a glance at an Eadie–Hofstee plot how well the experimental design fills the theoretical design space, and the plot makes it impossible to hide poor design. By contrast, the other well known straight-line plots make ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
* Several in-vitro experiments suggest that ISWI remodelers organize nucleosome into proper bundle form and create equal spacing between nucleosomes, whereas SWI/SNF remodelers disorder nucleosomes.
* The ISWI-family remodelers have been shown to play central roles in chromatin assembly after DNA replication and mainte... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In biochemistry, receptor–ligand kinetics is a branch of chemical kinetics in which the kinetic species are defined by different non-covalent bindings and/or conformations of the molecules involved, which are denoted as receptor(s) and ligand(s). Receptor–ligand binding kinetics also involves the on- and off-rates of b... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
When only the static magnetic field (B) is turned on, the spin will precess around it with Larmor frequency ν and the corresponding angular frequency is ω.
According to mechanics, the equation of motion of the spin J is:
where μ is the magnetic moment.
g is g-factor, which is dimensionless and reflecting the environmen... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
N-Methylmorpholine N-oxide (more correctly 4-methylmorpholine 4-oxide), NMO or NMMO is an organic compound. This heterocyclic amine oxide and morpholine derivative is used in organic chemistry as a co-oxidant and sacrificial catalyst in oxidation reactions for instance in osmium tetroxide oxidations and the Sharpless a... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Pradeep Mathur (born 1955) is an Indian organometallic and cluster chemist and the founder director of the Indian Institute of Technology, Indore. He is a former professor of the Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai and is known for his studies on mixed metal cluster compounds. He is an elected fellow of the Indian A... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
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