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Stringers are filaments of slag left in wrought iron after the production process. In their correct proportions their presence is beneficial, as they help to control the ductility of the finished product, but when the proportion of slag is too high, or when the filaments run at right angles to the direction of tension,... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Parkinsons disease is characterized by the death of cells that produce dopamine, a neurotransmitter. An enzyme called monoamine oxidase (MAO) breaks down neurotransmitters. MAO has two forms, MAO-A and MAO-B. MAO-B is generally believed to break down dopamine; however, recent evidence suggests that MAO-A may mostly ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Both the fluorescence excitation and emission spectrums of wild-type EosFP are shifted ~65 nm to the right upon excitation toward the red end of the spectrum. This spectral change is caused by an extension of the chromophore accompanied by a break in the peptide backbone between Phe-61 and His-62 in an irreversible me... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index (TFQI) is a calculated parameter for thyrotropic pituitary function. It was defined to be more robust to distorted data than established markers including Jostel's TSH index (JTI) and the thyrotroph thyroid hormone sensitivity index (TTSI). | 1 | Biochemistry |
In addition to a material being certified as biocompatible, biomaterials must be engineered specifically to their target application within a medical device. This is especially important in terms of mechanical properties which govern the way that a given biomaterial behaves. One of the most relevant material parameters... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The commercial semisynthesis (by Bristol-Myers Squibb) of paclitaxel starting from 10-deacetylbaccatin III (isolated from the European yew) is based on tail addition of the so-called Ojima lactam to its free hydroxyl group:
Another commercial semisynthesis (by the company Natural Pharmaceuticals) relies on the isolatio... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Water treatment systems often require the degradation of hazardous compounds. These treatment processes are dubbed Advanced oxidation processes, and are key in destroying byproducts from disinfection, pesticides, and other hazardous compound. There is an emerging effort to enable these processes to destroy more tenacio... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Inhalation of the Denigés' reagent can result in acute poisoning: causing tightness in the chest, difficulties breathing, coughing and pain. Exposure of mercury sulfate to the eyes can cause ulceration of conjunctiva and cornea. If mercury sulfate is exposed to the skin it may cause sensitization dermatitis. Lastly, in... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Chromosome jumping libraries help address the complication of standard cloning techniques with large molecular distances. This process allowed the possibility to use the chromosome jumping library for other genetic disorders that requires 100 kilobases jumps. Particularly for genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis, ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The transport of electrons from redox pair NAD/ NADH to the final redox pair 1/2 O/ HO can be summarized as
1/2 O + NADH + H → HO + NAD
The potential difference between these two redox pairs is 1.14 volt, which is equivalent to -52 kcal/mol or -2600 kJ per 6 mol of O.
When one NADH is oxidized through the electron tra... | 1 | Biochemistry |
An alternative classification with broader scope is suggested by Yujiro Hayashi as he describes certain organocatalytic Aldol reactions as taking place in the presence of water. The observed effect in these reactions is not rate acceleration (that would be on water), but an increase in enantioselectivity.
In the conte... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The spectrum of action includes many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (including Pseudomonas) and anaerobic bacteria. The overall spectrum is similar to that of imipenem, although meropenem is more active against Enterobacteriaceae and less active against Gram-positive bacteria. It works against extended-spect... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
As described in the article Nociception, nociception is the sensory nervous system's response to harmful stimuli, such as a toxic chemical applied to a tissue. In nociception, chemical stimulation of sensory nerve cells called nociceptors produces a signal that travels along a chain of nerve fibers via the spinal cord ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Carbon dioxide (CO) can be reduced to carbon monoxide (CO) and other more reduced compounds, such as methane, using the appropriate photocatalysts. One early example was the use of Tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride (Ru(bipy)Cl) and cobalt chloride (CoCl) for CO reduction to CO. In recent years many new catalysts h... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Thermodynamically, proton coupled multiple-electron reduction of CO is easier than single electron reduction. But to manage multiple proton coupled multiple-electron processes is a huge challenge kinetically. This leads to a high overpotential for electrochemical heterogeneous reduction of CO to hydrocarbons and alcoho... | 5 | Photochemistry |
NanoDSF is a modified differential scanning fluorimetry method to determine protein stability employing intrinsic tryptophan or tyrosine fluorescence.
Protein stability is typically addressed by thermal or chemical unfolding experiments. In thermal unfolding experiments, a linear temperature ramp is applied to unfold p... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Transition metal carbon dioxide complexes undergo a variety of reactions. Metallacarboxylic acids protonate at oxygen and eventually convert to metal carbonyl complexes:
:[LMCO] + 2 H → [LMCO] + HO
This reaction is relevant to the potential catalytic conversion of CO to fuels. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In compound B in Figure 10 B, the bottom section contains a tertiary amino group, also capable of binding to protons. In this system, fluorescence only takes place when both cations available. The presence of both cations hinders photoinduced electron transfer (PET) allowing compound B to fluoresce. In the absence of b... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
An initial metabolic reconstruction of a genome is typically far from perfect due to the high variability and diversity of microorganisms. Often, metabolic pathway databases such as KEGG and MetaCyc will have "holes", meaning that there is a conversion from a substrate to a product (i.e., an enzymatic activity) for wh... | 1 | Biochemistry |
For compounds with the formula MX, the chief alternative to octahedral geometry is a trigonal prismatic geometry, which has symmetry D. In this geometry, the six ligands are also equivalent. There are also distorted trigonal prisms, with C symmetry; a prominent example is . The interconversion of Δ- and Λ-complexes, wh... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Photochlorinations are usually effected in the liquid phase, usually employing chemically inert solvents. | 5 | Photochemistry |
Briefly, when sheared genomic DNA in solution is heated to near boiling temperature, the molecular forces holding complementary base pairs together are disrupted, and the two strands of each double-helix dissociate or ‘denature.’ If the denatured DNA is then slowly returned to a cooler temperature, sequences will begi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Arthashastra lays down the role of the Director of Metals, the Director of Forest Produce and the Director of Mining. It is the duty of the Director of Metals to establish factories for different metals. The Director of Mines is responsible for the inspection of mines. The Arthashastra also refers to counterfeit co... | 8 | Metallurgy |
There are several biologically important kinds of heme:
The most common type is heme B; other important types include heme A and heme C. Isolated hemes are commonly designated by capital letters while hemes bound to proteins are designated by lower case letters. Cytochrome a refers to the heme A in specific combination... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In organometallic chemistry, alpha elimination refers to reactions of this type (other spectator ligands omitted):
:X-M-CHR → M=CHR + HX
Well studied case are found in organotantalum chemistry leading to an alkylidene derivatives. Specifically, tetraalkyl-monochloro-tantalum complex undergoes α-hydrogen eliminatio... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Levonorgestrel is marketed alone or in combination with an estrogen (specifically ethinylestradiol, estradiol, or estradiol valerate) under a multitude of brand names throughout the world, including Alesse, Altavera, Alysena, Amethia, Amethyst, Ashlyna, Aviane, Camrese, Chateal, Climara Pro, Cycle 21, Daysee, Emerres, ... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Protein–protein interaction screening refers to the identification of Protein–protein interaction with high-throughput screening methods such as computer- and/or robot-assisted plate reading, flow cytometry analyzing.
The interactions between proteins are central to virtually every process in a living cell. Information... | 1 | Biochemistry |
* Gyftopoulos, E.P., & Beretta, G.P. (1991). Thermodynamics: foundations and applications. (Dover Publications)
* Hatsopoulos, G.N., & Keenan, J.H. (1981). Principles of general thermodynamics. RE Krieger Publishing Company. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Porphyrins ( ) are a group of heterocyclic macrocycle organic compounds, composed of four modified pyrrole subunits interconnected at their α carbon atoms via methine bridges (=CH−). In vertebrates, an essential member of the porphyrin group is heme, which is a component of hemoproteins, whose functions include carryin... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Bis(trimethylsilyl)amine is synthesized by treatment of trimethylsilyl chloride with ammonia:
:2 (CH)SiCl + 3 NH → [(CH)Si]NH + 2 NHCl
Ammonium nitrate together with triethylamine can be used instead. This method is also useful for N isotopic enrichment of HMDS.
Alkali metal bis(trimethylsilyl)amides result from the de... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A molecular logic gate can processes modulators much like the setup seen in de Silva’s proof-of-principle, but incorporating different logic gates on the same molecule is challenging. Such a function is called integrated logic and is exemplified by the BODIPY-based, half-subtractor logic gate illustrated by Coskun, Akk... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
CMTM6 localizes with and binds to cell PD-L1 protein located on cell surface membranes thereby maintaining PD-L1'S expression at this site; it also localizes with PD-L1 protein located in recycling endosomes and thereby prevents PD-L1 from being degraded by lysosomal enzymes. These actions increase and maintain high le... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Non-viral vectors for gene therapy present certain advantages over viral methods, such as large scale production and low host immunogenicity. However, non-viral methods initially produced lower levels of transfection and gene expression, and thus lower therapeutic efficacy. Newer technologies offer promise of solving t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
One-compartment kinetics for a chemical compound specifies that the uptake in the compartment is proportional to the concentration outside the compartment, and the elimination is proportional to the concentration inside the compartment. Both the compartment and the environment outside the compartment are considered to ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Multicomponent solvents appeared after World War II in the USSR, and continue to be used and produced in the post-Soviet states. These solvents may have one or more applications, but they are not universal preparations. | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Suzuki has not obtained a patent on Suzuki reaction technology because he thinks that the research was supported by government funds, therefore coupling technology has become widespread, and many products using this technology have been put into practical use. To date, there are more than 6,000 papers and patents relat... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The symmetry factor (or barrier symmetry factor) is a coefficient similar to the transfer coefficient, but applicable only to single-step reactions.
The sum of anodic symmetry factor and cathodic symmetry factor is equal to one: | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
* 1.H.1 The Claudin Tight Junction (Claudin1) Family
* 1.H.2 The Invertebrate PMP22-Claudin (Claudin2) Family | 1 | Biochemistry |
The ratio of N to N is of relevance because in most biological contexts, N is preferentially uptaken as the lighter isotope. As a result, samples enriched in N can often be introduced through a non-biological context.
One use of N is as a tracer to determine the path taken by fertilizers applied to anything from pots t... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The term is used to describe a transient chemical species. As a general example, if a molecule exists in a particular conformation for a short lifetime, before adopting a lower energy conformation (structural arrangement), the former molecular structure is said to have high lability (such as C, a 25-carbon fullerene sp... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A stock BCA solution contains the following ingredients in a highly alkaline solution with a pH 11.25: bicinchoninic acid, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium tartrate, and copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate.
The BCA assay primarily relies on two reactions. First, the peptide bonds in protein reduce Cu ions from ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A Canadian study of pregnant women suggests that those taking any type or amount of NSAIDs (including ibuprofen, diclofenac, and naproxen) were 2.4 times more likely to miscarry than those not taking the medications. However, an Israeli study found no increased risk of miscarriage in the group of mothers using NSAIDs. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Structural differences between capsaicin and members of the capsinoid family of compounds are illustrated below. Capsinoids have an ester bond in their structures, as compared with the amide bond characteristic of capsaicin. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular stress response related to the mitochondria. The UPR results from unfolded or misfolded proteins in mitochondria beyond the capacity of chaperone proteins to handle them. The UPR can occur either in the mitochondrial matrix or in the mitochondrial inner me... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Topochemical polymerization can also be triggered by pressure. It has been reported that the cocrystal of diododiacetylene (guest) and bispyridyl oxalamide (host) could be polymerized under pressure. Interestingly, no polymerization was observed under light or heat due to the unfavorable distance between diacetylene un... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Langmuir adsorption model deviates significantly in many cases, primarily because it fails to account for the surface roughness of the adsorbent. Rough inhomogeneous surfaces have multiple site types available for adsorption, with some parameters varying from site to site, such as the heat of adsorption. Moreover, ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The following table lists the sensitivity of different types of ANAs for different diseases.
Some ANAs appear in several types of disease, resulting in lower specificity of the test. For example, IgM-rheumatoid factor (IgM-RF) have been shown to cross-react with ANA giving falsely positive immunofluorescence. Positive ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
LNGFR also activates a caspase-dependent signaling pathway that promotes developmental axon pruning, and axon degeneration in neurodegenerative disease.
In the apoptosis pathway, members of the TNF receptor superfamily assemble a death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) in which TRADD or FADD bind directly to the recept... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The pH-metric set of techniques determine lipophilicity pH profiles directly from a single acid-base titration in a two-phase water–organic-solvent system. Hence, a single experiment can be used to measure the logarithms of the partition coefficient (log P) giving the distribution of molecules that are primarily neutra... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Lewis basic lone pairs on sulfur dominate the sulfides' reactivity. Sulfides readily alkylate to stable sulfonium salts, such as trimethylsulfonium iodide:
Sulfides also oxidize easily to sulfoxides (), which can themselves be further oxidized to sulfones (). Hydrogen peroxide is a typical oxidant—for example, wit... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The magnitude of the Coulomb interaction F between two ions of charge q and Q a distance R apart is given by
directed along the axis between the two ions, where a positive value represents a repulsive force and vice versa.
Trapping techniques include variations on the Paul trap and Penning trap, where the former uses... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Materials may be used to control and manipulate light via a variety of mechanisms to produce useful effects involving color. For instance, a change of orientation of molecules to produce a visual effect as in liquid crystal displays. Other materials operate by producing a physical effect, by interference and diffractio... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Partial agonists are defined as drugs that, at a given receptor, might differ in the amplitude of the functional response that they elicit after maximal receptor occupancy. Although they are agonists, partial agonists can act as a competitive antagonist in the presence of a full agonist, as it competes with the full ag... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Brown dwarfs have greater internal heating than gas giants but not as great as stars. The internal heating within brown dwarfs (initially generated by gravitational contraction) is great enough to ignite and sustain fusion of deuterium with hydrogen to helium; for the largest brown dwarfs, it is also enough to ignite a... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Bacteriophage P1 vectors can hold inserts 70 – 100kb in size. They begin as linear DNA molecules packaged into bacteriophage P1 particles. These particles are injected into an E. coli strain expressing Cre recombinase. The linear P1 vector becomes circularized by recombination between two loxP sites in the vector. P1 v... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Brown adipose tissue stores free fatty acids rather than triglycerides, and is especially abundant in newborn and hibernating mammals. Brown adipose tissue is involved in thermogenesis, and has a considerably higher glyceroneogenesis activity. Brown adipose tissue contains more glyceroneogenesis-related enzymes, in par... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks are crystalline porous polymers assembled from organic monomers linked through hydrogen bonds. | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
The nines are a count of the leftmost digits 9 that appear in a proportion. For example, 90% would be described as "one nine"; 99% as "two nines"; 99.9% as "three nines"; and so forth.
However, there are different conventions for representing inexact multiples of 9. For example, a percentage of 99.5% could be expressed... | 8 | Metallurgy |
In 2003, a research team inserted genes into the brain for the first time. They used liposomes coated in a polymer called polyethylene glycol, which unlike viral vectors, are small enough to cross the blood–brain barrier.
Short pieces of double-stranded RNA (short, interfering RNAs or siRNAs) are used by cells to degra... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The photophysical properties of the FbFPs are determined by the chromophore itself and its chemical surrounding in the protein. The extinction coefficient (ε) is around 14.200 Mcm at 450 nm for all described FbFPs, which is slightly higher than that of free FMN (ε = 12.200 Mcm ). The Fluorescence-Quantum yield (Φ) vari... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Phosphorus trichloride () is popular, although excess reagent is required. Phosphorus pentachloride () is also effective, but only one chloride is transferred: | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Electrofiltration is a method that combines membrane filtration and electrophoresis in a dead-end process.
Electrofiltration is regarded as an appropriate technique for concentration and fractionation of biopolymers. The film formation on the filter membrane which hinders filtration can be minimized or completely avoid... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Ketosis is a metabolic state characterized by elevated levels of ketone bodies in the blood or urine. Physiological ketosis is a normal response to low glucose availability, such as low-carbohydrate diets or fasting, that provides an additional energy source for the brain in the form of ketones. In physiological ketosi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
As a postdoctoral researcher, Holmes worked on the total synthesis of Vitamin B with Albert Eschenmoser.
In 1972 he was appointed as a demonstrator to the University of Cambridge where he stayed for 32 years, ultimately as Professor of Organic and Polymer Chemistry, and Director of the Melville Laboratory for Polymer S... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Eoxin E4, also known as 14,15-leukotriene E4, is an eoxin. Cells make eoxins by metabolizing arachidonic acid with a 15-lipoxygenase enzyme to form 15(S)-hydroperoxyeicosapentaenoic acid (i.e. 15(S)-HpETE). This product is then converted serially to eoxin A4 (i.e. EXA4), EXC4, EXD4, and EXE4 by LTC4 synthase, an uniden... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Drospirenone is an antagonist of the MR, the biological target of mineralocorticoids like aldosterone, and hence is an antimineralocorticoid. It has about 100 to 500% of the affinity of aldosterone for the MR and about 50 to 230% of the affinity of progesterone for the MR. Drospirenone is about 5.5 to 11 times more pot... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
The plot is occasionally attributed to Augustinsson and referred to the Woolf–Augustinsson–Hofstee plot or simply the Augustinsson plot. However, although Haldane, Woolf or Eadie were not explicitly cited when Augustinsson introduced the versus equation, both the work of Haldane and of Eadie are cited at other places... | 1 | Biochemistry |
This precatalyst was uncovered in attempts to use tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium chloride as a hydroformylation catalyst. It was found that the complex would quickly carbonylate and that the catalytic activity of the resulting material was enhanced by a variety of additives but inhibited by halides. This inhibition di... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
or
This exact result can be obtained from the general BAR method, using (for example) the Metropolis function, in the limit . Indeed, in that case, the denominator of the general case expression above tends to 1, while the numerator tends to .
A direct derivation from the definitions is more straightforward, though. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Thin films are thin material layers ranging from fractions of a nanometer to several micrometers in thickness. Thin-film thermoelectric materials are grown by conventional semiconductor deposition methods and fabricated using conventional semiconductor micro-fabrication techniques.
Thin-film thermoelectrics have been d... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A spectral line corresponds to an electron transition in an atom, molecule or ion, which is associated with a specific amount of energy, E. When this energy is measured by means of some spectroscopic technique, the line is not infinitely sharp, but has a particular shape. Numerous factors can contribute to the broadeni... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Two types of quantum efficiency of a solar cell are often considered:
*External quantum efficiency (EQE) is the ratio of the number of charge carriers collected by the solar cell to the number of photons of a given energy shining on the solar cell from outside (incident photons).
*Internal quantum efficiency (IQE) is t... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Most nitrolic acids are laboratory curiosities. One exception is the compound HOC(CH)C(NO)=NOH, which is produced by the oxidation of cyclohexanone with nitric acid. This species decomposes to adipic acid and nitrous oxide:
:HOC(CH)C(NO)=NOH → HOC(CH)COH + NO
This conversion is thought to be the largest anthropoge... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Cascade impactors – particulate matter is withdrawn isokinetically from a source and segregated by size in a cascade impactor at the sampling point exhaust conditions of temperature, pressure, etc. Cascade impactors use the principle of inertial separation to size segregate particle samples from a particle laden gas st... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Conventional mirrors reverse the handedness of circularly polarized waves upon reflection. In contrast, a chiral mirror reflects circularly polarized waves of one handedness without handedness change, while absorbing circularly polarized waves of the opposite handedness. A perfect chiral mirror exhibits circular conver... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
The cantilever sensor is made out of single crystal SOI-silicon with a specially developed dry-etching process that leads to a highly stable and robust component; this is why the sensor is practically totally immune to temperature and humidity variations. In addition, the sensor does not suffer from wearing. The sensor... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Superconducting fullerenes based on C are fairly different from other organic superconductors. The building molecules are no longer manipulated hydrocarbons but pure carbon molecules. In addition these molecules are no longer flat but bulky which gives rise to a three-dimensional, isotropic superconductor. The pure C g... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
One source of reactive oxygen under normal conditions in humans is the leakage of activated oxygen from mitochondria during oxidative phosphorylation. E. coli mutants that lack an active electron transport chain produce as much hydrogen peroxide as wild-type cells, indicating that other enzymes contribute the bulk of o... | 1 | Biochemistry |
RNA interference (also called "RNA-mediated interference", abbreviated RNAi) is a mechanism for RNA-guided regulation of gene expression in which double-stranded ribonucleic acid inhibits the expression of genes with complementary nucleotide sequences. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Melanopsin is a visual opsin present in Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell (ipRGC) also with a retinal chromaphore. However, unlike the rod and cone pigments, melanopsin has the ability to act as both the excitable photopigment and as a photoisomerase. Melanopsin is therefore able to isomerize all-trans... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A splice site mutation is a genetic mutation that inserts, deletes or changes a number of nucleotides in the specific site at which splicing takes place during the processing of precursor messenger RNA into mature messenger RNA. Splice site consensus sequences that drive exon recognition are located at the very termini... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Concentration-, concentratio, action or an act of coming together at a single place, bringing to a common center, was used in post-classical Latin in 1550 or earlier, similar terms attested in Italian (1589), Spanish (1589), English (1606), French (1632). | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
There are several options to address biogenic sulfide corrosion problems: impairing HS formation, venting out the HS or using materials resistant to biogenic corrosion. For example, sewage flows more rapidly through steeper gradient sewers reducing time available for hydrogen sulfide generation. Likewise, removing slud... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The exact mechanism by which levetiracetam acts to treat epilepsy is unknown. Levetiracetam does not exhibit pharmacologic actions similar to that of classical anticonvulsants. It does not inhibit voltage-dependent Na+ channels, does not affect GABAergic transmission, and does not bind to GABAergic or glutamatergic rec... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
In materials science, lamellar structures or microstructures are composed of fine, alternating layers of different materials in the form of lamellae. They are often observed in cases where a phase transition front moves quickly, leaving behind two solid products, as in rapid cooling of eutectic (such as solder) or eut... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Carbon steels which can successfully undergo heat-treatment have a carbon content in the range of 0.30–1.70% by weight. Trace impurities of various other elements can significantly affect the quality of the resulting steel. Trace amounts of sulfur in particular make the steel red-short, that is, brittle and crumbly at ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
WDTC1 ("Adipose") is a gene associated with obesity.
WDTC1 is a gene that codes for a protein acting as a suppressor in lipid accumulation. WDTC1 protein consists of seven WD40 domains, three transient receptor potential channel protein-protein interaction domains, DDB1 binding elements, and a prenylated C-terminus. Re... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Schiff bases have been investigated in relation to a wide range of contexts, including antimicrobial, antiviral and anticancer activity. They have also been considered for the inhibition of amyloid-β aggregation.
Schiff bases are common enzymatic intermediates where an amine, such as the terminal group of a lysine resi... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
* [https://www.bio.vu.nl/thb/deb/deblab/add_my_pet/index.html Add my pet (AmP)] project is a collection of DEB models for over 1000 species, and explores patterns in parameter values across taxa. Routines for parameter exploration are available in [https://www.bio.vu.nl/thb/deb/deblab/add_my_pet/AmPtool.html AmPtool] ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
AOAC has published the peer-reviewed Journal of AOAC International bimonthly since 1915. They also publish the Official Methods of Analysis (OMA) in hard copy and through the on-line database. The magazine Inside Laboratory Management is published bimonthly for members. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
A solution describes a homogeneous mixture where the dispersed particles will not settle if the solution is left undisturbed for a prolonged period of time.
A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture where the dispersed particles have at least in one direction a dimension roughly between 1 nm and 1 µm or that in a system dis... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Rieche formylation is a type of formylation reaction. The substrates are electron rich aromatic compounds, such as mesitylene or phenols, with dichloromethyl methyl ether acting as the formyl source. The catalyst is titanium tetrachloride and the workup is acidic. The reaction is named after Alfred Rieche who discovere... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Starpharma, an Australian pharmaceutical company, has multiple products that have either already been approved for use or are in the clinical trial phase. SPL7013, also known as astodrimer sodium, is a hyperbranched polymer used in Starpharma’s VivaGel line of pharmaceuticals that is currently approved to treat bacteri... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Tropical forests receive more insolation and rainfall over longer growing seasons than any other environment on earth. With these elevated temperatures, insolation and rainfall, biomass is extremely productive leading to the production of as much as 800 grams of carbon per square meter per year (8 tons of C/hectare/yea... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Berylliosis, or chronic beryllium disease (CBD), is a chronic allergic-type lung response and chronic lung disease caused by exposure to beryllium and its compounds, a form of beryllium poisoning. It is distinct from acute beryllium poisoning, which became rare following occupational exposure limits established around ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Many important chemical compounds are derived from benzene by replacing one or more of its hydrogen atoms with another functional group. Examples of simple benzene derivatives are phenol, toluene, and aniline, abbreviated PhOH, PhMe, and PhNH, respectively. Linking benzene rings gives biphenyl, CH–CH. Further loss of h... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
With the codename FL 1060, mecillinam was developed by the Danish pharmaceutical company Leo Pharmaceutical Products (now LEO Pharma). It was first described in the scientific literature in a 1972 paper. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
* 1983 — Member of the National Academy of Sciences
* 1985–1987 — President of the Geochemical Society
* 1992 — V. M. Goldschmidt Award, Geochemical Society
* 1997 — Harry Hess Medal, American Geophysical Union
* 2005 — Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
* 2008 — Arthur L. Day Prize and Lectureship
* 2... | 9 | Geochemistry |
It is debated whether there is a significant reduction in NEAT after beginning a structured exercise program. | 1 | Biochemistry |
In the original product imaging paper, the positions of the ions are imaged onto a two-dimensional detector. A photolysis laser dissociates methyl iodide (CHI), while an ionization laser is used REMPI to ionize a particular vibrational level of the CH product. Both lasers are pulsed, and the ionization laser is fired... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
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