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*Gamma (γ): This is the matrix phase. While Co-based superalloys are less-used commercially, alloying elements include C, Cr, W, Ni, Ti, Al, Ir, and Ta. As in stainless steels, Chromium is used (occasionally up to 20 wt.%) to improve resistance to oxidation and corrosion via the formation of a CrO passive layer, which ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Because the Edman degradation proceeds from the N-terminus of the protein, it will not work if the N-terminus has been chemically modified (e.g. by acetylation or formation of pyroglutamic acid). Sequencing will stop if a non-α-amino acid is encountered (e.g. isoaspartic acid), since the favored five-membered ring inte... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Paraffinic hydrocarbons are part of the alkane series, and are the most common hydrocarbon found in crude oil. Paraffins are often a part of gasoline, making them comparatively more valuable.
Paraffinic hydrocarbons are also known as alkanes, and are represented by the formula CH, where n is a positive integer. | 9 | Geochemistry |
Rotation axes are denoted by a number n – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, ... (angle of rotation ). For improper rotations, Hermann–Mauguin symbols show rotoinversion axes, unlike Schoenflies and Shubnikov notations, that shows rotation-reflection axes. The rotoinversion axes are represented by the corresponding number with a ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Many carbonyl compounds exhibit keto–enol tautomerism. This effect is especially pronounced in 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds that can form hydrogen-bonded enols. The equilibrium constant is dependent upon the solvent polarity, with the cis-enol form predominating at low polarity and the diketo form predominating at high pol... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Similar to microbial fuel cells, biological photovoltaic systems which employ whole organisms have the advantage over non-biological fuel cells and photovoltaic systems of being able to self-assemble and self-repair (i.e. the photosynthetic organism is able to reproduce itself). The ability of the organism to store en... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Phosphine is used as a dopant in the semiconductor industry, and a precursor for the deposition of compound semiconductors. Commercially significant products include gallium phosphide and indium phosphide. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Vargulin is found in certain ostracods and deep-sea fish, to be specific, Poricthys. Like the compound coelenterazine, it is an imidazopyrazinone and emits primarily blue light in the animals. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Yakov Frenkel represented diffusion process in condensed matter as an ensemble of elementary jumps and quasichemical interactions of particles and defects. Henry Eyring applied his theory of absolute reaction rates to this quasichemical representation of diffusion. Mass action law for diffusion leads to various nonline... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Vibronic spectroscopy is a branch of molecular spectroscopy concerned with vibronic transitions: the simultaneous changes in electronic and vibrational energy levels of a molecule due to the absorption or emission of a photon of the appropriate energy. In the gas phase, vibronic transitions are accompanied by changes i... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In mathematics and empirical science, quantification (or quantitation) is the act of counting and measuring that maps human sense observations and experiences into quantities. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Ionized matter was first identified in a discharge tube (or Crookes tube), and so described by Sir William Crookes in 1879 (he called it "radiant matter"). The nature of the Crookes tube "cathode ray" matter was subsequently identified by English physicist Sir J.J. Thomson in 1897, and dubbed "plasma" by Irving Langmui... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Diimide reductions result in the syn addition of dihydrogen to alkenes and alkynes. This observation has led to the proposal that the mechanism involves concerted hydrogen transfer from cis-diimide to the substrate. The cis isomer is the less stable of the two; however, acid catalysis may speed up equilibration of the ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A wide variety of alkyl Nb compounds have been prepared. Low coordination number complexes require the absence of any β-hydrogen to prevent rapid β-hydride elimination. The simplest compounds are salts of , which is prepared by alkylation of using methyl lithium: | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Dioxiranes may be produced through the action of KHSO on carbonyl compounds. Because of their low-lying σ* orbital, they are highly electrophilic oxidants and react with unsaturated functional groups, Y-H bonds (yielding oxygen insertion products), and heteroatoms. The most common dioxiranes employed for organic synthe... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The material has the unusual property of changing to ammonium thiocyanate upon heating above . Upon cooling, the ammonium salt converts back to thiourea. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Oocyte selection is a procedure that is performed prior to in vitro fertilization, in order to use oocytes with maximal chances of resulting in pregnancy. In contrast, embryo selection takes place after fertilization.
Not all women can conceive naturally, leaving them with a need for technologies and research that can ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Perera is the pioneer campaigner in Sri Lanka for Social Inclusion focusing equal opportunity, justice and dignity for People of ALL Abilities in day-to-day life – the key concept in this context being universal design for inclusion of people.- (meaning construction of environments that enable by design so as to includ... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In the U.S. in 1975, under the authority of the Safe Drinking Water Act, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency determined the National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulation levels of arsenic (inorganic contaminant – IOCs) to be 0.05 mg/L (50 parts per billion – ppb).
Throughout the years, many studies reported d... | 1 | Biochemistry |
As an abstract graph, the Laves graph can be constructed as the maximal abelian covering graph of the complete graph . Being an abelian covering graph of means that the vertices of the Laves graph can be four-colored such that each vertex has neighbors of the other three colors and so that there are color-preserving s... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
It is known that muscarinic acetylcholine receptors also appear on the pre-synaptic membrane of somatic neurons in the neuro-muscular junction, where they are involved in the regulation of acetylcholine release. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Sulfenyl chlorides are typically prepared by chlorination of disulfides: This reaction is sometimes called the Zincke disulfide reaction, in recognition of Theodor Zincke.
Some thioethers () with electron-withdrawing substituents undergo chlorinolysis of a bond to afford the sulfenyl chloride.
In a variation on the... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In autoimmunity the immune system wrongly recognizes certain native molecules in the body as foreign (self-antigen), and mounts an immune response against them. Since these native molecules, as normal parts of the body, will naturally always exist in the body, the attacks against them can get stronger over time (akin t... | 1 | Biochemistry |
If half of the tetrahedral sites of the parent FCC lattice are filled by ions of opposite charge, the structure formed is the zincblende crystal structure. If all the tetrahedral sites of the parent FCC lattice are filled by ions of opposite charge, the structure formed is the fluorite structure or antifluorite structu... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Polarized light (PL) is very useful when studying the structure of metals with non-cubic crystal structures (mainly metals with hexagonal close-packed (hcp) crystal structures). If the specimen is prepared with minimal damage to the surface, the structure can be seen vividly in cross-polarized light (the optic axis of ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Zooplankton-mediated release of DOC occurs through sloppy feeding, excretion and defecation which can be important energy sources for microbes. Such DOC production is largest during periods with high food concentration and dominance of large zooplankton species. | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Nesfatin-1 can cross the blood–brain barrier without saturation.
The receptors within the brain are in the hypothalamus and the solitary nucleus, where nesfatin-1 is believed to be produced via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). It appears there is a relationship between nesfatin-1 and cannabinoid re... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Ethanol can be made from mineral oil or from sugars or starches. Starches are cheapest. The starchy crop with highest energy content per acre is cassava, which grows in tropical countries.
Thailand already had a large cassava industry in the 1990s, for use as cattle feed and as a cheap admixture to wheat flour. Nigeria... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The functional significance of respirasomes is not entirely clear but more recent research is beginning to shed some light on their purpose. It has been hypothesized that the organization of respiratory enzymes into supercomplexes reduces oxidative damage and increases metabolism efficiency. Schäfer et al. (2006) demon... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In chemistry, the electromeric effect is a molecular polarization occurring by an intramolecular electron displacement characterized by the substitution of one electron pair for another within the same atomic octet of electrons. It is sometimes called the conjugative mechanism, and previously, the tautomeric mechanism)... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Adkins' study found that global salinity increased with a global sea level drop of 120 m. Analyzing O data they also found that deep waters were within error of the freezing point, with oceanic waters exhibiting a greater degree of homogeneity in temperatures. In contrast, variations in salinity were much greater than ... | 9 | Geochemistry |
MITF recognizes E-box (CAYRTG) and M-box (TCAYRTG or CAYRTGA) sequences in the promoter regions of target genes. Known target genes (confirmed by at least two independent sources) of this transcription factor include,
Additional genes identified by a microarray study (which confirmed the above targets) include the foll... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Nanofluidic devices have been built for application in chemistry, molecular biology and medicine. The main purposes to use nanofluidic devices are separation and measurement of solutions containing nanoparticles for drug delivery, gene therapy and nanoparticle toxicology on a micro-total-analysis system. An important a... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) is a passive sampling device which allows for the in situ collection of a time-integrated average of hydrophilic organic contaminants developed by researchers with the United States Geological Survey in Columbia, Missouri. POCIS provides a means for estimating the to... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In condensed matter physics, a string-net is an extended object whose collective behavior has been proposed as a physical mechanism for topological order by Michael A. Levin and Xiao-Gang Wen. A particular string-net model may involve only closed loops; or networks of oriented, labeled strings obeying branching rules g... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) is a class of in vitro biochemical test used for rapid detection of antibody or antigen in sample. FPIA is a competitive homogenous assay, that consists of a simple prepare and read method, without the requirement of separation or washing steps.
The basis of the assay is flu... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Beryllium can coordinate with an N-hetereocyclic carbene (NHC). NHCs are defined as heterocyclic species containing a carbene carbon and at least one nitrogen atom within the ring structure. NHCs have found numerous applications in some of the most important catalytic transformations in chemical industry, but their rea... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Organothiophosphates are a subclass of organophosphorus compounds that are structurally related to the inorganic thiophosphates. Common members have formulas of the type (RO)RPS and related compounds where RO is replaced by RS. Many of these compounds are used as insecticides, some have medical applications, and some h... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The Schlenk equilibrium, named after its discoverer Wilhelm Schlenk, is a chemical equilibrium taking place in solutions of Grignard reagents and Hauser bases
:2 RMgX MgX + MgR
The process described is an equilibrium between two equivalents of an alkyl or aryl magnesium halide on the left of the equation and on the ri... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Liquid is the primary component of hydraulic systems, which take advantage of Pascal's law to provide fluid power. Devices such as pumps and waterwheels have been used to change liquid motion into mechanical work since ancient times. Oils are forced through hydraulic pumps, which transmit this force to hydraulic cylind... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A solar-powered desalination unit produces potable water from saline water by using a photovoltaic system to supply the energy. Solar power works well for water purification in settings lacking grid electricity and can reduce operating costs and greenhouse emissions. For example, a solar-powered desalination unit desig... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The dystrophin-associated protein complex is important for cell structure and cell signalling. It is one of two protein complexes found in the costamere in striated muscle fibres. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Eudistomin U is a β-carboline derivative. The structure of this molecule is made up of a β-carboline with an aromatic indole at the 1 position, thus also functioning as an indole. Eudistomin C is also a cytotoxic molecule, and its cytotoxicity have been shown to affect certain cancer cell line and human pathogens. A re... | 1 | Biochemistry |
This type of phase transformation is known as spinodal decomposition, and can be illustrated on a phase diagram exhibiting a miscibility gap. Thus, phase separation occurs whenever a material transition into the unstable region of the phase diagram. The boundary of the unstable region sometimes referred to as the binod... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The rise of systems biology, seeking to comprehend biological processes as a whole, highlighted the need to not only develop corresponding quantitative models but also to create standards allowing their exchange and integration. This concern drove the community to design common data formats, such as SBML and CellML. SB... | 1 | Biochemistry |
CFCs and HCFCs are used in various applications because of their low toxicity, reactivity and flammability. Every permutation of fluorine, chlorine and hydrogen based on methane and ethane has been examined and most have been commercialized. Furthermore, many examples are known for higher numbers of carbon as well as r... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Currently, receptor modulators are categorized in the Agonist, Partial Agonist, Selective Tissue Modulators, Antagonist, and Inverse Agonist categories in terms of the effect they cause. They are further divided into Orthosteric or Allosteric Modulators according to how they effect said result. Typically, a chemical ac... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Although the cost of acquiring hyperspectral images is typically high for specific crops and in specific climates, hyperspectral remote sensing use is increasing for monitoring the development and health of crops. In Australia, work is under way to use imaging spectrometers to detect grape variety and develop an early ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Norrish and Smith, Trommsdorff, and later, Schultz and Harborth, concluded that autoacceleration must be caused by a totally different polymerization mechanism. They rationalized through experiment that a decrease in the termination rate was the basis of the phenomenon. This decrease in termination rate, k, is caused b... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
One-step RT-PCR subjects mRNA targets (up to 6 kb) to reverse transcription followed by PCR amplification in a single test tube. It is important to note that using intact, high quality RNA and a sequence-specific primer will produce the best results.
Once a one-step RT-PCR kit with a mix of reverse transcriptase, Taq D... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Tang's research interests encompass photocatalytic/thermocatalytic small molecule activation (e.g. CH, N, HO, CH and CO) and microwave catalysis (e.g. plastic recycling), together with the investigation of the underlying charge dynamics and kinetics by state-of-the-art spectroscopies. According to Google Scholar, these... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Magnetic roasting involves controlled roasting of the ore to convert it into a magnetic form, thus enabling easy separation and processing in subsequent steps. For example, controlled reduction of haematite (non magnetic FeO) to magnetite (magnetic FeO). | 8 | Metallurgy |
Following the successful clinical trials in LCA, researchers have been developing similar treatments using adeno-associated virus for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). To date, efforts have focused on long-term delivery of VEGF inhibitors to treat the wet form of macular degeneration. Whereas wet AMD is currently... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A safety concern has been raised on the basis of several studies regarding the effect of toothpaste SDS on aphthous ulcers (more specifically, mouth ulcers or "canker sores"), commonly referred to as canker or white sores. According to the NHS, SLS is a cause for concern for mouth ulcers. As Lippert notes, of 2013, "ve... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In chemistry and materials science, molecular self-assembly is the process by which molecules adopt a defined arrangement without guidance or management from an outside source. There are two types of self-assembly: intermolecular and intramolecular. Commonly, the term molecular self-assembly refers to the former, while... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Last but not least prof. E.J.Zoqui has summarized in his work the approach proposed by several researchers in the criteria for semi-solid processing, which involves the stability of the solid phase fs with the temperature; to process semisolid alloys the sensitivity to variation of solid fraction with temperature shoul... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Calcareous soils are relatively alkaline, in other words they have a high pH. This is because of the very weak acidity of carbonic acid. Note that this is not the only reason for a high soil pH. They are characterized by the presence of calcium carbonate in the parent material and may have a calcic horizon, a layer of ... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The mechanism of PICUP require the tris(bipyridyl)Ru(II) complex, an electron acceptor, ammonium persulfate (APS), and reactive amino acid side chains. Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)dichlororuthenium(II) hexahydrate, a tris(bipyridyl)Ru(II) complex, initially contains a Ru. Upon visible light irradiation and in the presence of a... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Microwave-assisted peptide synthesis has been used to complete long peptide sequences with high degrees of yield and low degrees of racemization. | 1 | Biochemistry |
It is a useful reagent for the preparation of other diphenylarsenic compounds, e.g. by reactions with Grignard reagents:
:RMgBr + (CH)AsCl → (CH)AsR + MgBrCl
:(R = alkyl, aryl) | 1 | Biochemistry |
A yeast commonly used for protein production is Pichia pastoris. Examples of yeast expression vector in Pichia are the pPIC series of vectors, and these vectors use the AOX1 promoter which is inducible with methanol. The plasmids may contain elements for insertion of foreign DNA into the yeast genome and signal sequenc... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Prions are proteins of particular amino acid sequences in particular conformations. They propagate themselves in host cells by making conformational changes in other molecules of protein with the same amino acid sequence, but with a different conformation that is functionally important or detrimental to the organism. O... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Lake Chichoj is located within 2 km of the Chixoy-Polochic fault, a major fault of the North America-Caribbean plate boundary, which constitutes the closest and largest seismic hazard for San Cristóbal Verapaz, but lies within a broader array of large to intermediate seismogenic faults. The latest noticeable earthquake... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Fineman and Ross rearranged the copolymer equation into a linear form:
where and
Thus, a plot of versus yields a straight line with slope and intercept | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The total energy of the system is where S is entropy, and the are the other extensive parameters of the system (e.g. volume, particle number, etc.). The entropy of the system may likewise be written as a function of the other extensive parameters as . Suppose that X is one of the which varies as a system approaches ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, the propargyl group is a functional group of 2-propynyl with the structure . It is an alkyl group derived from propyne ().
The term propargylic refers to a saturated position (sp-hybridized) on a molecular framework next to an alkynyl group. The name comes from mix of propene and argentum, which r... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In chemical separation terminology, the raffinate (from French raffiner, to refine) is a product which has had a component or components removed. The product having the removed materials is referred to as the extract. For example, in solvent extraction, the raffinate is the liquid stream which remains after solutes fro... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The alpha effect refers to the increased nucleophilicity of an atom due to the presence of an adjacent (alpha) atom with lone pair electrons. This first atom does not necessarily exhibit increased basicity compared with a similar atom without an adjacent electron-donating atom, resulting in a deviation from the classic... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
- For visible light,
- For neutrons,
- For "hard" X-rays,
while typical values for polymers range in . This makes small-angle measurements in neutrons and X-rays a bit more tedious, as very small angles are needed, and the data in those angles is often "overpowered" by the spot emerging in usual scattering expe... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
De Silva and McClenaghan designed a proof-of-principle arithmetic device based on molecular logic gates. As depicted in Figure 10 A, Compound A is a push-pull olefin with the top receptor containing four carboxylic acid anion groups (and non-disclosed counter cations) capable of binding to calcium. The bottom part is a... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Mikhail Semyonovich Tsvet, also spelt Tsvett, Tswett, Tswet, Zwet, and Cvet (Russian: Михаил Семёнович Цвет; 14 May 1872 – 26 June 1919) was a Russian-Italian botanist who invented chromatography. His last name is Russian for "colour" and is also the root word of "flower." | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In the study of heat transfer, critical heat flux (CHF) is the heat flux at which boiling ceases to be an effective form of transferring heat from a solid surface to a liquid. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The biopolymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a polyester produced by certain bacteria processing glucose, corn starch or wastewater. Its characteristics are similar to those of the petroplastic polypropylene (PP). PHB production is increasing. The South American sugar industry, for example, has decided to expand PHB ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Selenols are important in certain biological processes. Three enzymes found in mammals contain selenols at their active sites: glutathione peroxidase, iodothyronine deiodinase, and thioredoxin reductase. The selenols in these proteins are part of the essential amino acid selenocysteine. The selenols function as reducin... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A fourth international conference on the Gaia hypothesis, sponsored by the Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority and others, was held in October 2006 at the Arlington, VA campus of George Mason University.
Martin Ogle, Chief Naturalist, for NVRPA, and long-time Gaia hypothesis proponent, organized the event. Lynn M... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Buffer capacity is a quantitative measure of the resistance to change of pH of a solution containing a buffering agent with respect to a change of acid or alkali concentration. It can be defined as follows:
where is an infinitesimal amount of added base, or
where is an infinitesimal amount of added acid. pH is define... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
When carbon dioxide is the substrate, the product of the carboxylase reaction is an unstable six-carbon phosphorylated intermediate known as 3-keto-2-carboxyarabinitol-1,5-bisphosphate, which decays rapidly into two molecules of glycerate-3-phosphate. This product, also known as 3-phosphoglycerate, can be used to produ... | 5 | Photochemistry |
The research shortened photosynthetic pathways in tobacco. Engineered crops grew taller and faster, yielding up to 40% more biomass. The study employed synthetic biology to construct new metabolic pathways and assessed their efficiency with and without transporter RNAi. The most efficient pathway increased light-use ef... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Wood particles used to make various types of products rely on particle-size analysis to maintain high quality standards. By doing so, companies reduce waste and become more productive. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The viral vectors described above have natural host cell populations that they infect most efficiently. Retroviruses have limited natural host cell ranges, and although adenovirus and adeno-associated virus are able to infect a relatively broader range of cells efficiently, some cell types are resistant to infection by... | 1 | Biochemistry |
It is assumed that the Beer–Lambert law applies.
where is the optical path length, is a molar absorbance at unit path length and is a concentration. More than one of the species may contribute to the absorbance. In principle absorbance may be measured at one wavelength only, but in present-day practice it is common ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Photophoresis denotes the phenomenon that small particles suspended in gas (aerosols) or liquids (hydrocolloids) start to migrate when illuminated by a sufficiently intense beam of light. The existence of this phenomenon is owed to a non-uniform distribution of temperature of an illuminated particle in a fluid medium.... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Alkaliphiles promise several interesting uses for biotechnology and future research. Alkaliphilic methods of regulating pH and producing ATP are of interest in the scientific community. However, perhaps the greatest area of interest from alkaliphiles lies in their enzymes: alkaline proteases; starch-degrading enzymes; ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The extended double-stranded adapters are cleaved by HpyCH4III at a specific restriction site located at 3’ side of the tag sequence and will result in a 3’-dT overhang that will be ligated to the 3’-dA overhang on DNA libraries in the adapter ligation step (Figure 1). | 1 | Biochemistry |
Anomers can be interconverted through a process known as mutarotation. The anomeric effect more accurately called the endo-anomeric effect is the propensity for heteroatoms at C-1 to be oriented axially. This is counter intuitive as one would expect the equatorially anomer to be the thermodynamic product. This effect h... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Levorphanol is the INN, BAN, and DCF. As the medically used tartrate salt, the drug is also known as levorphanol tartrate (USAN, BANM). The former developmental code name of levorphanol at Roche was Ro 1-5431. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
* Hoerr, John P. And the Wolf Finally Came: The Decline of the American Steel Industry (1988) [https://www.amazon.com/Wolf-Finally-Came-American-Industry/dp/0822953986/ excerpt and text search]
* Hogan, William T. Economic History of the Iron and Steel Industry in the United States (5 vol 1971) monumental detail
* In... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Structural isomers have the same number of atoms of each element (hence the same molecular formula), but the atoms are connected in distinct ways. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Lithol Rubine BK is a reddish synthetic azo dye. It has the appearance of a red powder and is magenta when printed. It is slightly soluble in hot water, insoluble in cold water, and insoluble in ethanol. When dissolved in dimethylformamide, its absorption maximum lies at about 442 nm. It is usually supplied as a calci... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
There are four basic techniques for acquiring the three-dimensional (x, y, λ) dataset of a hyperspectral cube. The choice of technique depends on the specific application, seeing that each technique has context-dependent advantages and disadvantages. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
RIP140 is part of the chain by which tumors can cause cachexia.
Levels of RIP140 expression in various tissues varies during aging in mice, suggesting changes in metabolic function. RIP140 is implicated in certain human disease processes. In morbid obesity, RIP140 levels are down-regulated in visceral adipose tissue. I... | 1 | Biochemistry |
CaCrO is a frustrated kagome bilayer magnet, which does not develop long-range order even below 1 K, and has a diffuse spectrum of gapless excitations. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
: M–R + M–X → M–X + M–R.
In redox-transmetalation/ligand exchange the ligands of two metal complexes switch places with each other, bonding with the other metal center. The R ligand can be an alkyl, aryl, alkynyl, or allyl group and the X ligand can be a halogen, pseudo-halogen, alkyl, or aryl group. The reaction can p... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
RT-PCR is commonly used in research methods to measure gene expression. For example, Lin et al. used qRT-PCR to measure expression of Gal genes in yeast cells. First, Lin et al. engineered a mutation of a protein suspected to participate in the regulation of Gal genes. This mutation was hypothesized to selectively abol... | 1 | Biochemistry |
* Due to the structure, the pressure difference is theoretically limited to atmospheric pressure (1 bar), and in practice somewhat lower.
* Besides the drum, other accessories, for example, agitators and vacuum pump, vacuum receivers, slurry pumps are required.
* The discharge cake contains residual moisture.
* The cak... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Screening falls under two general categories: dry screening, and wet screening. From these categories, screening separates a flow of material into grades, these grades are then either further processed to an intermediary product or a finished product. Additionally, the machines can be categorized into a moving screen ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
A glide plane is a reflection in a plane, followed by a translation parallel with that plane. This is noted by , , or , depending on which axis the glide is along. There is also the glide, which is a glide along the half of a diagonal of a face, and the glide, which is a fourth of the way along either a face or spac... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
The illustrations to the right shows the main regions that may be present in a glow discharge. Regions described as "glows" emit significant light; regions labeled as "dark spaces" do not. As the discharge becomes more extended (i.e., stretched horizontally in the geometry of the illustrations), the positive column ma... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Cicadia wings have a surface of hexagonally close packed nanopillars that have been shown to have self-cleaning properties. Similarly templated nanopatterned silica arrays have been shown to have hydrophobic, anti-reflective, and self-cleaning properties. These silica arrays begin as non-close packed monolayers, and ar... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The most critical eyespot proteins are the photoreceptor proteins that sense light. The photoreceptors found in unicellular organisms fall into two main groups: flavoproteins and retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins). Flavoproteins are characterized by containing flavin molecules as chromophores, whereas retinylidene prot... | 1 | Biochemistry |
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