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The partial volume of a particular gas in a mixture is the volume of one component of the gas mixture. It is useful in gas mixtures, e.g. air, to focus on one particular gas component, e.g. oxygen.
It can be approximated both from partial pressure and molar fraction:
* V is the partial volume of an individual gas compo... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Irisin (fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 or FNDC5), a recently described myokine hormone produced and secreted by acutely exercising skeletal muscles, is thought to bind white adipose tissue cells via undetermined receptors. Irisin has been reported to promote a brown adipose tissue-like phenotype upon ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The test relies upon a microbial ecosystem with enzymes capable of oxidizing the available organic material. Some waste waters, such as those from biological secondary sewage treatment, will already contain a large population of microorganisms acclimated to the water being tested. An appreciable portion of the waste m... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In biology, abiogenesis (from Greek ἀ- a- not + βῐ́ος bios life + γένεσις genesis origin) or the origin of life is the natural process by which life has arisen from non-living matter, such as simple organic compounds. The prevailing scientific hypothesis is that the transition from non-living to living entities on Eart... | 9 | Geochemistry |
M. acetivorans has been noted for its ability to metabolize carbon monoxide to form acetate and formate. It can also oxidize carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide can then be converted into methane in a process which M. acetivorans uses to conserve energy. It has been suggested that this pathway may b... | 1 | Biochemistry |
There is much debate to whether transcription factories assemble because of the transcriptional demands of the genome or if they are stable structures that are conserved over time. Experimentally, it appears that they remain fixed over a short period of time; newly made mRNA were pulse labelled over 15 minutes and it s... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The class IA phospholipid kinase, PI-3 kinase, is activated by the majority of RTKs. Similarly to other SH2 domain-containing proteins, PI-3 kinase forms a complex with PY sites on activated receptors. The main function of PI3K activation is the generation of PIP3, which functions as a second messenger to activate down... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The influence of thermal phonons and their interaction with electronic structure is a topic that was appropriately introduced in a discussion of the resistance of liquid metals. Lindemann's theory of melting is referenced, and it is suggested that the drop in conductivity in going from the crystalline to the liquid sta... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Protein folding in a cell is a highly complex process that involves transport of the newly synthesized proteins to appropriate cellular compartments through targeting, permanent misfolding, temporarily unfolded states, post-translational modifications, quality control, and formation of protein complexes facilitated by ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Finally, the potential at the center of each side is a natural function of the variables at the corner of that side. So, is a natural function of and , and is a natural function of and . | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Some species release a volatile substance when attacked by a predator that can trigger flight (in aphids) or aggression (in ants, bees, termites, and wasps) in members of the same species. For example, Vespula squamosa use alarm pheromones to alert others to a threat. In Polistes exclamans, alarm pheromones are also us... | 1 | Biochemistry |
To determine saponification value, the sample is treated with an excess of alkali (usually an ethanolic solution of potassium hydroxide) for half an hour under reflux. The KOH is consumed by reaction with triglycerides, which consume three equivalents of base. Diglycerides consume two equivalents of KOH. Monoglycerid... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Burning glasses are known to date back to about 700 BC. One of the first accurately mentions of burning glasses appears in Aristophaness comedy, The Clouds, written in 423 BC. According to the Archimedes heat ray anecdote, Archimedes is purported to have developed mirrors to concentrate heat rays in order to burn attac... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The only dose-effect relationship available are those of miners cohorts (for much higher exposures), exposed to radon. Studies of Hiroshima and Nagasaki survivors are less informative (the exposure to radon is chronic, localized, and the ionizing radiations are alpha rays).
Although low-exposed miners experienced expos... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, a carboxylic acid is an organic acid that contains a carboxyl group () attached to an R-group. The general formula of a carboxylic acid is often written as or , sometimes as with R referring to an organyl group (e.g., alkyl, alkenyl, aryl), or hydrogen, or other groups. Carboxylic acids occur wi... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Unlike most other commodity plastics polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is able to absorb the near ultraviolet rays in sunlight. Absorption begins at 360 nm, becoming stronger below 320 nm and is very significant below 300 nm. Despite this PET has better resistance to photo-oxidation than other commodity plastics, this i... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Targeted drug delivery is one of many ways researchers seek to improve drug delivery systems' overall efficacy, safety, and delivery. Within this medical field is a special reversal form of drug delivery called chemotactic drug targeting. By using chemical agents to help guide a drug carrier to a specific location with... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Sodium peroxide is added to the compound to oxidise phosphorus to sodium phosphate. It is boiled with concentrated HNO and then ammonium molybdate is added. A yellow precipitate (ammonium phosphomolybdate) indicates the presence of phosphorus.
</blockquote>
</blockquote> | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Stevens is the author or co-author of over 70 scientific publications and books. These include:
* Carly Stevens, The impact of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on grasslands: species composition and biogeochemistry, VDM Verlag, 2009. ISBN 978-3639144147
* Carly J Stevens, Nancy B Dise, J Owen Mountford, David J Gowing ... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Science fiction has used cloning, most commonly and specifically human cloning, to raise the controversial questions of identity. A Number is a 2002 play by English playwright Caryl Churchill which addresses the subject of human cloning and identity, especially nature and nurture. The story, set in the near future, is ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The rate of living theory postulates that the faster an organism’s metabolism, the shorter its lifespan. First proposed by Max Rubner in 1908, the theory was based on his observation that smaller animals had faster metabolisms and shorter lifespans compared to larger animals with slower metabolisms. The theory gained f... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Dry polymer electrolytes – differ from liquid and gel electrolytes in the sense that salt is dissolved directly into the solid medium. Usually it is a relatively high dielectric constant polymer (PEO, PMMA, PAN, polyphosphazenes, siloxanes, etc.) and a salt with low lattice energy. In order to increase the mechanical s... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Ethanol contained in alcoholic beverages is produced by means of fermentation induced by yeast.
* Wine is produced by fermentation of the natural sugars present in grapes; cider and perry are produced by similar fermentation of natural sugar in apples and pears, respectively; and other fruit wines are produced from the... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Finally, biology is not the sole domain of MAs. The fields of supramolecular chemistry and nanotechnology each have areas that have developed to elaborate and extend the principles first demonstrated in biologic MAs. Of particular interest in these areas has been elaborating the fundamental processes of molecular mach... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In type III reactions, there is an electron transfer that occurs between the Sens* and the substrate resulting in an anionic Sens and a cationic substrate. Another electron transfer then occurs where the anionic Sens transfers an electron to O to form the superoxide anion, O. This transfer returns the Sens to its grou... | 5 | Photochemistry |
For mutually insoluble compounds, Dalton's law states that the partial pressure of a non aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) is equal to its vapor pressure, and that the NAPL in contact with water will boil when the vapor pressure of water plus the vapor pressure of the VOC is equal to ambient pressure. When a VOC-steam bubb... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Baloola was born on April 14, 1981, in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Baloola received a Bachelor of Science in biomedical engineering from Ajman University of Science and Technology in September 2009. Then he joined Ajman University as a teaching assistant in the Faculty of Engineering. He won many awards during his... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
While the mechanism by which survivin may regulate cell mitosis and cytokinesis is not known, the observations made on its localization during mitosis suggests strongly that it is involved in some way in the cytokinetic process.
Proliferating Daoy cells were placed on a glass coverslip, fixed and stained with fluoresce... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Diarrhea is more common and sometimes more severe with flutamide than with other NSAAs. In a comparative trial of combined androgen blockade for prostate cancer, the rate of diarrhea was 26% for flutamide and 12% for bicalutamide. Moreover, 6% of flutamide-treated patients discontinued the medication due to diarrhea, w... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Investigation on dinoflagellate cyst in the Mediterranean Sea has identified warm and cold temperate dinocyst species and these species have been used to reconstruct the paleoclimate changes during the past 30,000 years. | 9 | Geochemistry |
The primary cause of change in the composition of a magma is cooling, which is an inevitable consequence of the magma being formed and migrating from the site of partial melting into an area of lower stress - generally a cooler volume of the crust.
Cooling causes the magma to begin to crystallize minerals from the melt... | 9 | Geochemistry |
A general d-orbital splitting diagram for square planar (D) transition metal complexes can be derived from the general octahedral (O) splitting diagram, in which the d−y, d and d orbitals. When the two axial ligands are removed to generate a square planar geometry, the d, d and d orbitals because of the torus shaped lo... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
The completed assembly of the holoenzyme with transcription factors and RNA polymerase II bound to the promoter forms the eukaryotic transcription initiation complex. Transcription in the archaea domain is similar to transcription in eukaryotes.
Transcription begins with matching of NTPs to the first and second in the ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Studies of ephaptic coupling have also focused on its role in the synchronization and timing of action potentials in neurons. In the simpler case of adjacent fibers that experience simultaneous stimulation the impulse is slowed because both fibers are limited to exchange ions solely with the interstitial fluid (increas... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Plasma transferred wire arc (PTWA) is another form of wire arc spray which deposits a coating on the internal surface of a cylinder, or on the external surface of a part of any geometry. It is predominantly known for its use in coating the cylinder bores of an engine, enabling the use of Aluminum engine blocks without ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The existence of nonradioactive isotopes of lighter elements had been suspected in studies of neon as early as 1913, and proven by mass spectrometry of light elements in 1920. At that time the neutron had not yet been discovered, and the prevailing theory was that isotopes of an element differ by the existence of addit... | 9 | Geochemistry |
Waste of the by-product heat is reduced if a cogeneration system is used, also known as a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) system. Limitations to the use of by-product heat arise primarily from the engineering cost/efficiency challenges in effectively exploiting small temperature differences to generate other forms of ene... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In the S-matrix formulation of particle physics, which was pioneered by John Archibald Wheeler among others, all physical processes are modeled according to the following paradigm.
One begins with a non-interacting multiparticle state in the distant past. Non-interacting does not mean that all of the forces have been ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Centrifugal partition chromatography has been extensively used for isolation and purification of natural products for 40 years. Due to the ability to get very high selectivity, and the ability to tolerate samples containing particulated matter, it is possible to work with direct extracts of biomass, opposed to traditio... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The source for APCI is similar to ESI except that ions are formed by the interaction of the heated analyte solvent with a corona discharge needle set at a high electrical potential. Primary ions are formed immediately surrounding the needle, and these interact with the solvent to form secondary ions that ultimately ion... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Reversible solid oxide cells are receiving increased attention as energy storage solutions for the weekly or the monthly scale. Other technologies for large scale electrical storage such as pumped-storage hydroelectricity and compressed air energy storage are characterized by geographical limitations. On the other hand... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Due to its regulatory role in the cell cycle, targeting the DREAM complex might enhance anticancer treatments such as imatinib. | 1 | Biochemistry |
While most failures in practice have been through fast failure, there is experimental evidence that hydrogen also affects the fatigue properties of steels. This is entirely expected given the nature of the embrittlement mechanisms proposed for fast fracture. In general hydrogen embrittlement has a strong effect on high... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Virtual karyotyping is another cost-effective, clinically available alternative to FISH panels using thousands to millions of probes on a single array to detect copy number changes, genome-wide, at unprecedented resolution. Currently, this type of analysis will only detect gains and losses of chromosomal material and ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The process efficiency of sensor-based ore sorting is described in detail by C. Robben in 2014. The total process efficiency is subdivided into the following sub-process efficiencies; Platform efficiency, preparation efficiency, presentation efficiency, detection efficiency and separation efficiency. All the sub-proces... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
For the deprotonation of acids, K is known as K, the acid dissociation constant. Strong acids, such as sulfuric or phosphoric acid, have large dissociation constants; weak acids, such as acetic acid, have small dissociation constants.
The symbol K, used for the acid dissociation constant, can lead to confusion with t... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
miR-324-5p likely regulates cell growth and survival through interaction with multiple pathways. Published research demonstrates that this miRNA interacts with the Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway via interactions with HH transcription factor Gli1 and HH protein receptor Smo, often contributing to tumorigenesis. miR-324... | 1 | Biochemistry |
RAPD markers are decamer (10 nucleotides long) DNA fragments from PCR amplification of random segments of genomic DNA with a single primer of arbitrary nucleotide sequence and which are able to differentiate between genetically distinct individuals, although not necessarily in a reproducible way.
It is used to analyze ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Unique VUV absorbance spectra not only enable unambiguous compound identification, and allows GC run times to be deliberately shortened. VUV detectors operate at ambient pressure and are thus not flow rate limited. GC run times can be reduced by increasing the GC column flow and oven temperature program rates.
Flow rat... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In rotational-vibrational and electronic spectroscopy of diatomic molecules, Hund's coupling cases are idealized descriptions of rotational states in which specific terms in the molecular Hamiltonian and involving couplings between angular momenta are assumed to dominate over all other terms. There are five cases, pro... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Tumor antigens are those antigens that are presented by MHC class I or MHC class II molecules on the surface of tumor cells. Antigens found only on such cells are called tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) and generally result from a tumor-specific mutation. More common are antigens that are presented by tumor cells and nor... | 1 | Biochemistry |
PAC is commonly used as a large capacity vector which allows propagation of large DNA inserts in Escherichia coli. This feature has been commonly used for:
* building genome libraries for human, mouse, etc, helps with projects such as Human Genome Project
* libraries served as the template for gene sequencing (example:... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Dibasic ester or DBE is an ester of a dicarboxylic acid. Depending on the application, the alcohol may be methanol or higher molecular weight monoalcohols.
Mixtures of different methyl dibasic esters are commercially produced from short-chain acids such as adipic acid, glutaric acid, and succinic acid. They are non-fl... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Chromatography is a physical method of separation that distributes the components you want to separate between two phases, one stationary (stationary phase), the other (the mobile phase) moving in a definite direction. Cold ethanol precipitation, developed by Cohn in 1946, manipulates pH, ionic strength, ethanol concen... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Studies show that the EPOC effect exists after both aerobic exercise and anaerobic exercise. In a 1992 Purdue study, results showed that high intensity, anaerobic type exercise resulted in a significantly greater magnitude of EPOC than aerobic exercise of equal work output. For exercise regimens of comparable duration ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
ATP synthase, also called complex V, is the final enzyme in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. This enzyme is found in all forms of life and functions in the same way in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The enzyme uses the energy stored in a proton gradient across a membrane to drive the synthesis of ATP from ADP a... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Joule heating is caused by interactions between charge carriers (usually electrons) and the body of the conductor.
A potential difference (voltage) between two points of a conductor creates an electric field that accelerates charge carriers in the direction of the electric field, giving them kinetic energy. When the ch... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Protein crystallization is the process of formation of a regular array of individual protein molecules stabilized by crystal contacts. If the crystal is sufficiently ordered, it will diffract. Some proteins naturally form crystalline arrays, like aquaporin in the lens of the eye.
In the process of protein crystallizat... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The carbonyl groups of reducing sugars react with the amino groups of amino acids in the Maillard reaction, a complex series of reactions that occurs when cooking food. Maillard reaction products (MRPs) are diverse; some are beneficial to human health, while others are toxic. However, the overall effect of the Maillard... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Starting as a biomass technology licensor In Summer of 2012 SGC Energia (SGCE) successfully commissioned a pilot multi tubular Fischer–Tropsch process unit and associated product upgrading units at the Pasadena, Tx Technology Center. The technology center focused on the development and operations of their XTLH soluti... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
A volumetric pipette, bulb pipette, or belly pipette allows extremely accurate measurement (to four significant figures) of the volume of a solution. It is calibrated to deliver accurately a fixed volume of liquid.
These pipettes have a large bulb with a long narrow portion above with a single graduation mark as it is... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In the early 11th century, the Islamic medical philosopher Avicenna wrote extensively on many subjects including medicine. Forty of these treatises on medicine survive, and in the most famous one titled the Canon of Medicine he discusses "rising gas". Avicenna believed that digestive system dysfunction was responsible ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Raymond's daughter Janet Lemieux was Canadian champion soccer player and was inducted to the Canada Soccer Hall of Fame in 2021. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Mineral separation is hampered by several factors, with particle size being particularly important. As the slurry feed grainsize increases, the efficiency of separation tends to decrease. Separation efficiency is also affected by the stroke of the table (frequency and length); fine feed requires a higher speed and shor... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Mucoadhesion involves several types of bonding mechanisms, and it is the interaction between each process that allows for the adhesive process. The major categories are wetting theory, adsorption theory, diffusion theory, electrostatic theory, and fracture theory. Specific processes include mechanical interlocking, ele... | 1 | Biochemistry |
[RhH(CO)(PPh)] is a catalyst for the selective hydroformylation of 1-olefins to produce aldehydes at low pressures and mild temperatures. The selectivity for n-aldehydes increases in the presence of excess PPh and at low CO partial pressures. The first step in the hydroformylation process is the dissociative substituti... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Olfactory processing of chemical signals like pheromones exists in all animal phyla and is thus the oldest of the senses. It has been suggested that it serves survival by generating appropriate behavioral responses to the signals of threat, sex and dominance status among members of the same species.
Furthermore, it has... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Spin column-based nucleic acid purification is a solid phase extraction method to quickly purify nucleic acids. This method relies on the fact that nucleic acid will bind to the solid phase of silica under certain conditions. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Carbon in pulp (CIP) is an extraction technique for recovery of gold which has been liberated into a cyanide solution as part of the gold cyanidation process.
Introduced in the early 1980s, Carbon in Pulp is regarded as a simple and cheap process. As such it is used in most industrial applications where the presence o... | 8 | Metallurgy |
A Chi site or Chi sequence is a short stretch of DNA in the genome of a bacterium near which homologous recombination is more likely to occur than on average across the genome. Chi sites serve as stimulators of DNA double-strand break repair in bacteria, which can arise from radiation or chemical treatments, or result ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Each cell division cycle triggers a new round of chromosome replication by DnaA, the initiator protein. It is crucial to regulate DnaA-ATP monomer interactions with oriC during helicase loading and unwinding of origin DNA for precise timing. DnaA recognition sites in Escherichia coli are arranged in OriC to facilitate ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Freshwaters are surprisingly difficult to sample because they are rarely homogeneous and their quality varies during the day and during the year. In addition the most representative sampling locations are often at a distance from the shore or bank increasing the logistic complexity. | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Some filters, notably welding glass, are rated by shade number (SN), which is 7/3 times the absorbance plus one:
For example, if the filter has 0.1% transmittance (0.001 transmittance, which is 3 absorbance units), its shade number would be 8. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Installations can destroy and/or relocate ecological habitats by covering large tracts of land and promoting habitat fragmentation. Solar facilities constructed on Native American reservations have interrupted traditional practices and have also had negative impact on the local ecosphere. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Despite its highly pyrophoric nature, diethylzinc is an important chemical reagent. It is used in organic synthesis as a source of the ethyl carbanion in addition reactions to carbonyl groups. For example, the asymmetric addition of an ethyl group to benzaldehyde and imines.
Additionally, it is commonly used in combina... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Samples of proteorhodopsin expressing bacteria have been obtained from the Eastern Pacific Ocean, Central North Pacific Ocean and Southern Ocean, Antarctica. Subsequently, genes of proteorhodopsin variants have been identified in samples from the Mediterranean, Red Seas, the Sargasso Sea, and Sea of Japan, and the Nort... | 5 | Photochemistry |
There are multiple technologies available that identify genetic variants. Each technology has advantages and disadvantages in terms of technical and financial factors. Two such technologies are microarrays and whole-genome sequencing. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Pasteur effect describes how available oxygen inhibits ethanol fermentation, driving yeast to switch toward aerobic respiration for increased generation of the energy carrier adenosine triphosphate (ATP). More generally, in the medical literature, the Pasteur effect refers to how the cellular presence of oxygen cau... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The Racah parameters are defined as
where are Slater integrals
and are the Slater-Condon parameters
where is the normalized radial part of an electron orbital, and | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The SI unit of conductivity is S/m and, unless otherwise qualified, it refers to 25 °C. More generally encountered is the traditional unit of μS/cm.
The commonly used standard cell has a width of 1 cm, and thus for very pure water in equilibrium with air would have a resistance of about 10 ohms, known as a megohm. Ultr... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Wittig reagents are found to react as nucleophiles in S2' substitution:
The initial addition reaction is followed by an elimination reaction. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Remote surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) consists of using metallic nanowaveguides supporting propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) to perform SERS at a distant location different to the one of the incident laser.
Propagating SPPs supported by nanowires has been used to show the remote excitation., as ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Reaction progress data may often most simply be presented as plot of substrate concentration ([A]) vs. time (t) or fraction conversion (F) vs. time (t). The latter requires minor algebraic manipulation to convert concentration/absorbance values to fractional conversion (F), by:
:F =
where [A] is the amount, absorbance... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In its simplest form, equilibrium unfolding assumes that the molecule may belong to only two thermodynamic states, the folded state (typically denoted N for "native" state) and the unfolded state (typically denoted U). This "all-or-none" model of protein folding was first proposed by Tim Anson in 1945, but is believed... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Acid anhydrides are a source of reactive acyl groups, and their reactions and uses resemble those of acyl halides. In reactions with protic substrates, the reactions afford equal amounts of the acylated product and the carboxylic acid:
:RC(O)OC(O)R + HY → RC(O)Y + RCOH
for HY = HOR (alcohols), HNR' (ammonia, primary, s... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The Étang de Berre (, "Lagoon of Berre"; in Provençal Occitan: estanh de Bèrra / mar de Bèrra according to classical orthography, estang de Berro / mar de Berro according to Mistralian orthography) is a brackish water lagoon on the Mediterranean coast of France, about north-west of Marseille. | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The repulsive effects of the two lone pairs on the oxygen atom cause water to have a bent, not linear, molecular structure, allowing it to be polar. The hydrogen–oxygen–hydrogen angle is 104.45°, which is less than the 109.47° for ideal sp hybridization. The valence bond theory explanation is that the oxygen atoms lone... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
By definition, strain implies discomfiture, so it should follow that molecules with large amounts of transannular strain should have higher energies than those without. Cyclohexane, for the most part, is without strain and is therefore quite stable and low in energy. Rings smaller than cyclohexane, like cyclopropane an... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
From 1787 to 1802, it was determined by Jacques Charles (unpublished), John Dalton, and Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac that, at constant pressure, ideal gases expanded or contracted their volume linearly (Charless law) by about 1/273 parts per degree Celsius of temperatures change up or down, between 0° and 100 °C. This sugge... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Chemical exchange is assumed to be rapid on the NMR time-scale. An individual chemical shift is the mole-fraction-weighted average of the shifts of nuclei in contributing species.
Example: the pK of the hydroxyl group in citric acid has been determined from C chemical shift data to be 14.4. Neither potentiometry nor ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Gene structure is the organisation of specialised sequence elements within a gene. Genes contain most of the information necessary for living cells to survive and reproduce. In most organisms, genes are made of DNA, where the particular DNA sequence determines the function of the gene. A gene is transcribed (copied) fr... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A transversely isotropic material is one with physical properties that are symmetric about an axis that is normal to a plane of isotropy. This transverse plane has infinite planes of symmetry and thus, within this plane, the material properties are the same in all directions. Hence, such materials are also known as "po... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Iphigenia Photaki (, ; also known after marriage as Iphigenia Vourvidou-Photaki, ; 1921–1983) was a Greek organic chemist remembered for her contributions in peptide chemical synthesis, especially in the synthesis of biologically/enzymatically active peptides.
Photaki was in 1965 the fourth woman overall to be habilita... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Phosphatidic acid consists of a glycerol backbone, with, in general, a saturated fatty acid bonded to carbon-1, an unsaturated fatty acid bonded to carbon-2, and a phosphate group bonded to carbon-3. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Following oral administration, dextromethorphan is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, where it enters the bloodstream and crosses the blood–brain barrier.
At therapeutic doses, dextromethorphan acts centrally (meaning that it acts on the brain) as opposed to locally (on the respiratory tract). It elevate... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Three factors define an ideal plasma:
*The plasma approximation: The plasma approximation applies when the plasma parameter Λ, representing the number of charge carriers within the Debye sphere is much higher than unity. It can be readily shown that this criterion is equivalent to smallness of the ratio of the plasma e... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
* 2016 Georges Guiochon Faculty Fellowship
* 2018 H. I. Romnes Faculty Fellowship
* 2019 Analytical Scientist Power List
* 2020 American Society for Mass Spectrometry Biemann Medal
* 2020 Analytical Scientist Power List
*2021 Human Proteome Organization (HUPO) Clinical and Translational Proteomics Award
*2021 Analytica... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Zearalanone (ZAN) is a mycoestrogen that is a derivative of zearalenone (ZEN). Zearalanone can be extracted from medical herbs and edible herbs along with aflatoxins in the same time by a specific immunoaffinity column. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Iron salts are used commonly in Russula and Bolete identification. It is best to dissolve the salts in water (typically a 10% solution) and then apply to the flesh, but it is sometimes possible to apply the dry salts directly to see a color change. For example, the white flesh of Boletus chrysenteron stains lemon-yell... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
* Lamprophyres and melilitic rocks
* Kimberlite
* Lamproite
* Orangeite (see Group II kimberlite)
* Feldspathoid-bearing rocks such as leucitites
* K-feldspar enriched leucogranites
* Vaugnerite and Durbachite | 9 | Geochemistry |
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