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Melt spinning is a metal forming technique that is typically used to form thin ribbons of metal or alloys with a particular atomic structure.
Some important commercial applications of melt-spun metals include high-efficiency transformers (Amorphous metal transformer), sensory devices, telecommunications equipment, and ... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Electrons form notional shells around the nucleus. These are naturally in a ground state but can be excited by the absorption of energy from light (photons), magnetic fields, or interaction with a colliding particle (typically other electrons).
Electrons that populate a shell are said to be in a bound state. The energ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In the energy range used in CEMS, the incident radiation can interact with the absorber through two kinds of processes: (a) conventional interactions – photoelectric and Compton effects, and (b) nuclear resonant absorption – Mössbauer effect. Due to conventional interactions the beam is attenuated and electrons are emi... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
DNA replication and RNA transcription both make use of base flipping. DNA polymerase is an enzyme that carries out replication. It can be thought of as a hand that grips the DNA single strand template. As the template passes across the palm region of the polymerase, the template bases are flipped out of the helix an... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A novel application for gel electrophoresis is the separation or characterization of metal or metal oxide nanoparticles (e.g. Au, Ag, ZnO, SiO2) regarding the size, shape, or surface chemistry of the nanoparticles. The scope is to obtain a more homogeneous sample (e.g. narrower particle size distribution), which then c... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Also located on museum grounds is the Short Track Model Railroad Club, featuring an NTrak model railroad with trains traveling through more than 40 modules, including a drive-in movie theater, a fairgrounds, farms, towns, and a coal mine and other scenes.
The Short Track, N-Scale, Model Railroad club is an educational... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Social insects commonly use trail pheromones. For example, ants mark their paths with pheromones consisting of volatile hydrocarbons. Certain ants lay down an initial trail of pheromones as they return to the nest with food. This trail attracts other ants and serves as a guide. As long as the food source remains availa... | 1 | Biochemistry |
For U.S. food and dietary supplement labeling purposes the amount in a serving is expressed as a percent of daily value (%DV). For magnesium labeling purposes 100% of the daily value was 400 mg, but as of May 27, 2016, it was revised to 420 mg to bring it into agreement with the RDA. A table of the old and new adult Da... | 1 | Biochemistry |
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PICS is a powerful analysis tool that resolves correlations on the nanometer length and millisecond timescale. Adapted from methods of spatio-temporal image correlation spectroscopy, it exploits the high positional accuracy of single-particle tracking. While conventional tracking methods break down if multiple ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Structural genomics seeks to describe the 3-dimensional structure of every protein encoded by a given genome. This genome-based approach allows for a high-throughput method of structure determination by a combination of experimental and modeling approaches. The principal difference between structural genomics and tradi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Plastics are used extensively in the manufacture of electrical items, such as circuit boards and electrical cables. These applications can be harsh, exposing the plastic to a mixture of thermal, chemical and electrochemical attack. Many electric items like transformers, microprocessors or high-voltage cables operate at... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Tear gas generally consists of aerosolized solid or liquid compounds (bromoacetone or xylyl bromide), not gas. Tear gas works by irritating mucous membranes in the eyes, nose, mouth and lungs. It causes crying, sneezing, coughing, difficulty breathing, pain in the eyes, and temporary blindness. With CS gas, symptoms of... | 1 | Biochemistry |
QR has many uses as a fluorescent probe. The use of QR as a probe is relatively safe, inexpensive, and a sensitive method compared with other fluorescence probes like ethidium bromide or dimeric cyanine dyes. QR is also an ideal fluorescent probe because substrates of interest, such as antibodies, can be detected withi... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Although herbicidal warfare uses chemical substances, its main purpose is to disrupt agricultural food production and/or to destroy plants which provide cover or concealment to the enemy. During the Malayan Emergency (1948–1960), the British military deployed herbicides and defoliants in the Malaysian countryside (incl... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
In a 2012 University of Amsterdam study of 120 women, women's luteal phase (higher levels of progesterone, and increasing levels of estrogen) was correlated with lower level of competitive behavior in gambling and math contest scenarios, while their premenstrual phase (sharply-decreasing levels of progesterone, and dec... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Between 1882 and 1886 Schuyler Wheeler invented a fan powered by electricity. It was commercially marketed by the American firm Crocker & Curtis electric motor company. In 1885 a desktop direct drive electric fan was commercially available by Stout, Meadowcraft & Co. in New York.
In 1882, Philip Diehl developed the wor... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Aside from its environmental impacts, R12, like most chlorofluoroalkanes, forms phosgene gas when exposed to a naked flame. | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Rates of reaction can be affected by the size of rings. Essentially each reaction should be studied on a case-by-case basis but some general trends have been seen. Molecular mechanics calculations of strain energy differences SI between a sp2 and sp3 state in cycloalkanes show linear correlations with rates ( as logk... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Dexmedetomidine, sold under the trade name Precedex among others, is a drug used in humans for sedation. Veterinarians use dexmedetomidine for similar purposes in treating cats, dogs, and horses. It is also used in humans to treat acute agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar I or II disorder.
Similar to clo... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
In contrast to receptor uncoupling, endocytosis can occur through multiple pathways. GPCR endocytosis has been shown to be either dependent or independent of arrestin activity, depending on the cell type used in the experiment; however, the former is more common. Furthermore, the same receptor expressed in two distinct... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Endoreversible thermodynamics was discovered multiple times, with Reitlinger (1929), Novikov (1957) and Chambadal (1957), although it is most often attributed to Curzon & Ahlborn (1975).
Reitlinger derived it by considering a heat exchanger receiving heat from a finite hot stream fed by a combustion process.
A brief r... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The cytochrome b6f complex is part of the thylakoid electron transport chain and couples electron transfer to the pumping of protons into the thylakoid lumen. Energetically, it is situated between the two photosystems and transfers electrons from photosystem II-plastoquinone to plastocyanin-photosystem I. | 5 | Photochemistry |
In mathematics and physics, surface growth refers to models used in the dynamical study of the growth of a surface, usually by means of a stochastic differential equation of a field. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Wire arc spray is a form of thermal spraying where two consumable metal wires are fed independently into the spray gun. These wires are then charged and an arc is generated between them. The heat from this arc melts the incoming wire, which is then entrained in an air jet from the gun. This entrained molten feedstock i... | 8 | Metallurgy |
For example, consider a receptacle of air at room temperature and pressure with a mean free path of 68nm. If the diameter of the receptacle is less than 68nm, the Knudsen number would greater than 1, and this sample of air would be considered a Knudsen gas. It would not be a Knudsen gas if the diameter of the receptacl... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Maintaining an electric field in an electrolyte requires Faradaic reactions to occur at the anode and cathode. This is typically electrolysis of water, which generates hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen ions (acid) and hydroxide (base) as well as oxygen and hydrogen gas bubbles. The hydrogen peroxide and/or pH changes genera... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
* Fred Morrison Scholarship (1994)
* Thieme Journal Award (2012)
* American Chemical Society Young Academic Investigator Award (2013)
* Boston University Ignition Award (2013)
* Boston University Materials Science and Engineering Innovation Award (2013)
* National Science Foundation CAREER Award (2013)
* Alfred P. Sloa... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Microbubble contrast agents are generally used in contrast-enhanced ultrasound applications to enhance the acoustic impact of ultrasound. For sonoporation specifically, microbubbles are used to significantly enhance membrane translocation of molecular therapeutics. | 1 | Biochemistry |
* Berton, Alain Edgard : Montre-bracelet-réveil tactile. 5 décembre 1949 : FR953313-A
* Berton Alain Edgard : Photomètre infrarouge utilisable en analyse physique et chimique. 24 janvier 1955 : FR1084823-A
* Berton Alain: Photomètre simple ultraviolet, avec enregistreur photographique à lecture instantanée, utilisabl... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
It is important to note that even while kinetic analysis is a powerful tool for determining the stoichiometry of the turn-over limiting transition state relative to the ground state, it cannot answer all mechanistic questions. It is possible for two mechanisms to be kinetically indistinguishable, especially under catal... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Throughout his life, Tom was a committed Christian and contributed to wider society, helping to form over thirty Young Men's Christian Associations across the North of England. He was also Captain of his local Fire Brigade. One of his lasting legacies is the Cleveland Institution of Engineers. The Institution is one... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The first discussion of the RVB state on square lattice using the RVB picture only consider nearest neighbour bonds that connect different sub-lattices. The constructed RVB state is an equal amplitude superposition of all the nearest-neighbour bond configurations. Such a RVB state is believed to contain emergent gaples... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Levofloxacin is used to treat infections including: respiratory tract infections, cellulitis, urinary tract infections, prostatitis, anthrax, endocarditis, meningitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, traveler's diarrhea, tuberculosis, and plague and is available by mouth, intravenously, and in eye drop form.
As of 2016, t... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Pre-mRNA has both introns and exons. As a part of the maturation process, RNA splicing removes the non-coding RNA introns leaving behind the exons, which are then spliced and joined together to form the mature mRNA. Splicing is conducted by the spliceosome. The spliceosome is a large ribonucleoprotein which cleaves the... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The product of the blast furnace is pig iron, which contains 4–5% carbon and usually some silicon. To produce a forgeable product a further process was needed, usually described as fining, rather than refining. From the 16th century, this was undertaken in a finery forge. At the end of the 18th century, this began t... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Polyamorphism has been experimentally observed or theoretically suggested in silicon, liquid phosphorus, triphenyl phosphate, mannitol, and in some other molecular network-forming substances. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Kiick designs polymer nanostructures for targeted therapies and hydrogel matrices for regenerative medicine. She makes use of biomimetic self-assembly, bioconjugation and biosynthesis. In particular, Kiick has worked on polymer-peptide macromolecular structures that can engage cellular targets. These include the use of... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Electric arc guns operate at low voltages (below 45 V dc), but at relatively high currents. They may be safely hand-held. The power supply units are connected to 440 V AC sources, and must be treated with caution. | 8 | Metallurgy |
Cold-start origin of life theories stem from the idea there may have been cold enough regions on the early Earth that large ice cover could be found. Stellar evolution models predict that the Sun's luminosity was ~25% weaker than it is today. Fuelner states that although this significant decrease in solar energy would ... | 9 | Geochemistry |
To solve for the concentration of all components appearing in any general biochemical reaction as in (), the Michaelis–Menten kinetics for an enzymatic reaction are coupled with the Monod kinetics for biomass dynamics. The most general case is to assume that the enzyme concentration is proportional to the biomass conce... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
3M produces perfluoro(2-methyl-3-pentanone) under different brand names of Novec 1230 and Novec 649. These two products have different purity grades (>99% and >99.9%, respectively) intended for different industrial applications. | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Dehydrogenation of amine-boranes is thermodynamically favourable, making the process attractive for hydrogen storage systems. Ammonia borane has attracted particular interest due to its high weight percent of hydrogen (19.6%). Dehydrogenation occurs in three steps, creating polyamino-boranes and borazines as insoluble ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Spectral lines are associated with atomic electronic transitions and polyatomic gases have their own absorption band system. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In chemistry, octahedral molecular geometry, also called square bipyramidal, describes the shape of compounds with six atoms or groups of atoms or ligands symmetrically arranged around a central atom, defining the vertices of an octahedron. The octahedron has eight faces, hence the prefix octa. The octahedron is one of... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Electrical resistance heating (ERH) is an intensive environmental remediation method that uses the flow of alternating current electricity to heat soil and groundwater and evaporate contaminants. Electric current is passed through a targeted soil volume between subsurface electrode elements. The resistance to electri... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
* Reviews some of the history and the issues of the saprobic system.
* Contains a short introduction to the saprobity index, and compares Pantle & Buck's method to the more complicated Zelinka & Marvan method.
;German | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The Qubit assays (formerly known as Quant-iT) were previously developed and manufactured by Molecular Probes (now part of Life Technologies). Each dye is specialized for one type of molecule (DNA, RNA, or protein). These dyes exhibit extremely low fluorescence until bound to their target molecule. Upon binding to DNA, ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Eichengrün has made his name through numerous inventions, such as processes for synthesizing chemical compounds. Aside from Aspirin, Eichengrün held 47 patents.
Bayer's official story credits Felix Hoffmann, a young Bayer chemist, with the invention of aspirin in 1897. Impure acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, the active compo... | 5 | Photochemistry |
The conventional understanding of pi stacking involves quadrupole interactions between delocalized electrons in p-orbitals. In other words, aromaticity should be required for this interaction to occur. However, several groups have provided contrary evidence, calling into question whether pi stacking is a unique phenome... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
Setting the first term in brackets equal to zero yields
A slight rearrangement gives a reciprocity relation,
There are two more permutations of the foregoing derivation that give a total of three reciprocity relations between , and . | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In thermodynamics, a component is one of a collection of chemically independent constituents of a system. The number of components represents the minimum number of independent chemical species necessary to define the composition of all phases of the system.
Calculating the number of components in a system is necessary ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The relevance of observations from fission yeast mating-type regions and centromeres to mammals is not clear, as some evidence suggests that heterochromatin maintenance in mammalian cells is independent of the components of the RNAi pathway. It is known, however, that plants and animals have analogous mechanism for sma... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Pollution of the Hudson River is largely due to dumping of PCBs by General Electric from 1947 to 1977. GE dumped an estimated 1.3 million pounds of PCBs into the Hudson River during these years. The PCBs came from the company's two capacitor manufacturing plants at Hudson Falls and Fort Edward, New York. This pollution... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The sample mass and size distribution requirements are dictated by the kind of mathematical model that will be used to simulate the process plant, and the test work required to provide the appropriate model parameters. Flotation testing usually requires several kg of sample and grinding/hardness testing can required b... | 8 | Metallurgy |
During a hydroelectric plant project, in the southern foothills of the Central Highlands, Samanalawewa, in Sri Lanka, a wind-driven furnace was found in an excavation site. Such furnaces were powered by the monsoon winds and have been dated to 300 BC using radiocarbon-dating techniques. These ancient Lankan furnaces mi... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The Taft equation is a linear free energy relationship (LFER) used in physical organic chemistry in the study of reaction mechanisms and in the development of quantitative structure–activity relationships for organic compounds. It was developed by Robert W. Taft in 1952 as a modification to the Hammett equation. Whi... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The coupling of a terminal alkyne and an aromatic ring is the pivotal reaction when talking about applications of the copper-promoted or copper-free Sonogashira reaction. The list of cases where the typical Sonogashira reaction using aryl halides has been employed is large, and choosing illustrative examples is difficu... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Peptidoglycan is immunologically active, which can stimulate immune cells to increase the expression of cytokines and enhance antibody-dependent specific response when combined with vaccine or as adjuvant alone. MDP, which is the basic unit of peptidoglycan, was initially used as the active component of Freunds adjuvan... | 1 | Biochemistry |
To enhance the performance of surfactant properties of natural sophorolipids, chemical modification methods have been actively pursued. Recently, researchers demonstrated the possibility of applying sophorolipids as building blocks via ring-opening metathesis polymerization for a new type of polymers, known as polysoph... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The phenomenon in which organic luminophores show higher photoluminescence efficiency in the aggregated state than in solution is called aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE). Some luminophores, e.g., diketopyrrolopyrrole-based and sulfonamide-based luminophores, only display enhanced emission upon entering t... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Group-specific CSIs are commonly shared by different species belonging to a particular taxon (e.g. genus, family, class, order, phylum) but they are not present in other groups. These CSIs were most likely introduced in an ancestor of the group of species before the members of the taxa diverged. They provide molecular ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Plants that contribute to nitrogen fixation include those of the legume family—Fabaceae— with taxa such as kudzu, clover, soybean, alfalfa, lupin, peanut and rooibos. They contain symbiotic rhizobia bacteria within nodules in their root systems, producing nitrogen compounds that help the plant to grow and compete with ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Nowadays, synthetic polymers are used in almost all walks of life. Modern society would look very different without them. The spreading of polymer use is connected to their unique properties: low density, low cost, good thermal/electrical insulation properties, high resistance to corrosion, low-energy demanding polymer... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Currently orbiting satellites detect an average of about one gamma-ray burst per day. Because gamma-ray bursts are visible to distances encompassing most of the observable universe, a volume encompassing many billions of galaxies, this suggests that gamma-ray bursts must be exceedingly rare events per galaxy.
Measuring... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Polymers have been essential components of commodities since the early days of humankind. The use of wool (keratin), cotton and linen fibres (cellulose) for garments, paper reed (cellulose) for paper are just a few examples of how ancient societies exploited polymer-containing raw materials to obtain artefacts. The lat... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The term "quantitative analysis" is often used in comparison (or contrast) with "qualitative analysis", which seeks information about the identity or form of substance present. For instance, a chemist might be given an unknown solid sample. They will use "qualitative" techniques (perhaps NMR or IR spectroscopy) to iden... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Thionyl chloride is a component of lithium–thionyl chloride batteries, where it acts as the positive electrode (in batteries: cathode) with lithium forming the negative electrode (anode); the electrolyte is typically lithium tetrachloroaluminate. The overall discharge reaction is as follows:
These non-rechargeable batt... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
An innovative use of the diamond anvil cell is testing the sustainability and durability of life under high pressures, including the search for life on extrasolar planets. Testing portions of the theory of panspermia (a form of interstellar travel) is one application of DAC. When interstellar objects containing life-fo... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Fluorescence is used in the life sciences generally as a non-destructive way of tracking or analysing biological molecules.
Some proteins or small molecules in cells are naturally fluorescent, which is called intrinsic fluorescence or autofluorescence (such as NADH, tryptophan or endogenous chlorophyll, phycoerythrin o... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The core was probably originally compiled around AD 600, perhaps in Alexandria in Egypt, in Greek. The core contains items traceable to earlier Alexandrian Greek texts, particularly the Stockholm papyrus and Leiden Papyrus X, which are Greek texts dated to the 2nd or 3rd century AD that contain some of the same and sim... | 8 | Metallurgy |
SPR can be used to study the real-time kinetics of molecular interactions. Determining the affinity between two ligands involves establishing the equilibrium dissociation constant, representing the equilibrium value for the product quotient. This constant can be determined using dynamic SPR parameters, calculated as th... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Shilov system was discovered by Alexander E. Shilov in 1969-1972 while investigating H/D exchange between isotopologues of CH and HO catalyzed simple transition metal
coordination complexes. The Shilov cycle is the partial oxidation of a hydrocarbon to an alcohol or alcohol precursor (RCl) catalyzed by PtCl in an... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The synthesized laminin–111 formed in an embryo contributes to the formation of Reichert’s membrane, a thick extra-embryonic basement membrane. When the laminin α1 chain is deficient in an organism, an embryo dies, likely as a result of a defective Reichert’s membrane due to a lack of laminin–111 being produced. Lamini... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The spiciness can be calculated in several programming languages with the Gibbs SeaWater (GSW) toolbox. It is used to derive thermodynamic seawater properties and is adopted by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO) and the Scienti... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The conventional photo-reflectance experimental setup uses a xenon or tungsten based lamp source passed through a monochromator to form the incident probe beam. The pump beam may be formed by the output of a continuous wave (CW) laser (e.g. a He-Ne or He-Cd laser) passed through a chopper wheel, or may be formed by th... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Holmes is a keen hillwalker and an enthusiastic aficionado of classical music, from baroque to romantic opera. During his time in Cambridge he was a member and regular volunteer at St Columba's United Reformed Church. He lives in Melbourne and Lorne, Victoria with his wife Jennifer. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Native gels are run in non-denaturing conditions so that the analytes natural or bioactive structure is maintained. This allows the physical size of the folded or assembled complex to affect the mobility, allowing for analysis of all four levels of the biomolecular structure. For biological samples, detergents are us... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Thermoelectric cooling uses the Peltier effect to create a heat flux between the junction of two types of material. This effect is commonly used in camping and portable coolers and for cooling electronic components and small instruments. Peltier coolers are often used where a traditional vapor-compression cycle refrige... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Pervaporation (or pervaporative separation) is a processing method for the separation of mixtures of liquids by partial vaporization through a non-porous or porous membrane. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Peptide signals play a role in information processing that is different from that of conventional neurotransmitters, and many appear to be particularly associated with specific behaviours. For example, oxytocin and vasopressin have striking and specific effects on social behaviours, including maternal behaviour and pai... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Some harmful algal blooms resulting from eutrophication, are toxic to plants and animals. Freshwater algal blooms can pose a threat to livestock. When the algae die or are eaten, neuro- and hepatotoxins are released which can kill animals and may pose a threat to humans. An example of algal toxins working their way int... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
A crystal can be described as a lattice of atoms, which in turn this leads to the reciprocal lattice. With electrons, neutrons or x-rays there is diffraction by the atoms, and if there is an incident plane wave with a wavevector , there will be outgoing wavevectors and as shown in the diagram after the wave has been... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In stereochemistry, stereoisomerism, or spatial isomerism, is a form of isomerism in which molecules have the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms (constitution), but differ in the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space. This contrasts with structural isomers, which share the same molecul... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Some forms of ribosomal pause are reversible without needing to discard the translated peptide and mRNA. This sort, usually described as a slowdown, is usually caused by polyproline stretches (resolved by EFP or eIF5A) and uncharged tRNA. Slowdowns are important for the cell to control how much protein is produced; it ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
DNA array to protein array (DAPA) is a method developed in 2007 to repeatedly produce protein arrays by ‘printing’ them from a single DNA template array, on demand (Figure 5). It starts with the spotting and immobilization of an array of DNA templates onto a glass slide. The slide is then assembled face-to-face with a ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Aerobic metabolism occurs in Bacteria, Archaea and Eucarya. Although most bacterial species are anaerobic, many are facultative or obligate aerobes. The majority of archaeal species live in extreme environments that are often highly anaerobic. There are, however, several cases of aerobic archaea such as Haiobacterium, ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
RNA may be too complex to be the first nucleic acid, so before the RNA world several simpler nucleic acids that differ in the backbone, such as GNA, PNA, and TNA have been offered as candidates for the first nucleic acids. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The gonadotropin receptors are a group of receptors that bind a group of pituitary hormones called gonadotropins. They include the:
* Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) - binds follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
* Luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) - binds luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotr... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The shape of a powder diffraction reflection is influenced by the characteristics of the beam, the experimental
arrangement, and the sample size and shape. In the case of monochromatic neutron sources the convolution
of the various effects has been found to result in a reflex almost exactly Gaussian in shape. If this
d... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
High emissivity coatings that facilitate radiative cooling may be used in reusable thermal protection systems (RTPS) in spacecraft and hypersonic aircraft. In such heat shields a high emissivity material, such as molybdenum disilicide (MoSi) is applied on a thermally insulating ceramic substrate. In such heat shields h... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Progesterone enhances the function of serotonin receptors in the brain, so an excess or deficit of progesterone has the potential to result in significant neurochemical issues. This provides an explanation for why some people resort to substances that enhance serotonin activity such as nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis w... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Atalla was awarded the Stuart Ballantine Medal (now the Benjamin Franklin Medal in physics) at the 1975 Franklin Institute Awards, for his important contributions to silicon semiconductor technology and his invention of the MOSFET. In 2003, Atalla received a Distinguished Alumnus doctorate from Purdue University.
In 20... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Ligands can be decomplexed by displacement with another ligand, e.g., a highly basic ligand or the use of high pressures of carbon monoxide. Arenes are liberated from (arene)Cr(CO) with pyridine:
:(arene)Cr(CO) + 3 CHN → Cr(CO)(NCH) + arene
In this case Cr(CO)(pyridine) can be recycled. Illustrative of this... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Transfer RNA introns that depend upon proteins for removal occur at a specific location within the anticodon loop of unspliced tRNA precursors, and are removed by a tRNA splicing endonuclease. The exons are then linked together by a second protein, the tRNA splicing ligase. Note that self-splicing introns are also some... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Amphibians, particularly anurans (frogs and toads), are increasingly used as bioindicators of contaminant accumulation in pollution studies. Anurans absorb toxic chemicals through their skin and their larval gill membranes and are sensitive to alterations in their environment. They have a poor ability to detoxify pesti... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
The investigation of Mg in animals, including humans, has lagged behind that in bacteria and yeast. This is largely because of the complexity of the systems involved, but also because of the impression within the field that Mg was maintained at high levels in all cells and was unchanged by external influences. Only in ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A general sigmatropic rearrangement can be classified as order [i,j], meaning that a σ bond originally between atoms denoted 1 and 1, adjacent to one or more π systems, is shifted to between atoms i and j. Thus it migrates (i − 1), (j' − 1) atoms away from its original position.
A formal symmetry analysis via correlat... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The classic Monod–Wyman–Changeux model (MWC) for cooperativity is generally published in an irreversible form. That is, there are no product terms in the rate equation which can be problematic for those wishing to build metabolic models since there are no product inhibition terms. However, a series of publications by P... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In 1999, Smith and his co-workers reported the first gram-scale synthesis of (+)-discodermolide, which make the development of (+)-discodermolide as a potential chemotherapeutic agent possible. This synthetic route was licensed to Novartis Pharmaceuticals. One of the major improvements was that no purification was requ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The S.I. unit for the mold constant is seconds per metre squared (). According to Askeland, the constant is usually 2, however Degarmo claims it is between 1.5 and 2. The mold constant can be calculated using the following formula:
Where
: = melting or freezing temperature of the liquid (in kelvins),
: = initial tem... | 8 | Metallurgy |
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