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In geochemistry, paleoclimatology and paleoceanography δO or delta-O-18 is a measure of the deviation in ratio of stable isotopes oxygen-18 (O) and oxygen-16 (O).
It is commonly used as a measure of the temperature of precipitation, as a measure of groundwater/mineral interactions, and as an indicator of processes t... | 9 | Geochemistry |
TAL effectors are proteins that are secreted by Xanthomonas bacteria via their type III secretion system when they infect plants. The DNA binding domain contains a repeated highly conserved 33–34 amino acid sequence with divergent 12th and 13th amino acids. These two positions, referred to as the Repeat Variable Diresi... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Triboluminescence is a phenomenon in which light is generated when a material is mechanically pulled apart, ripped, scratched, crushed, or rubbed (see tribology). The phenomenon is not fully understood but appears in most cases to be caused by the separation and reunification of static electric charges, see also triboe... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Ted Ellis views education as one of his primary missions, and he is involved with several educational initiatives. He has a run a number of art workshops with children, including drawing and touching up the school mural which local sixth-graders paint every year, and joining with his wife Erania to illustrate while she... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
In proteins, crosslinks are important in generating mechanically stable structures such as hair and wool, skin, and cartilage. Disulfide bonds are common crosslinks. Isopeptide bond formation is another type of protein crosslink.
The process of applying a permanent wave to hair involves the breaking and reformation di... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Thiourea () is an organosulfur compound with the formula and the structure . It is structurally similar to urea (), except that the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur atom (as implied by the thio- prefix); however, the properties of urea and thiourea differ significantly. Thiourea is a reagent in organic synthesis. T... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The Superstack was built by Inco Limited (and later purchased by Vale) at an estimated cost of 25 million dollars. Construction on the structure was underway during the Sudbury tornado of August 20, 1970; the structure swayed heavily in the wind, but remained standing and suffered only minor damage. Six workers were on... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Antidepressant exposure (including escitalopram) is associated with shorter duration of pregnancy (by three days), increased risk of preterm delivery (by 55%), lower birth weight (by 75 g), and lower Apgar scores (by <0.4 points). Antidepressant exposure is not associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion.... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
cAMP is associated with kinases function in several biochemical processes, including the regulation of glycogen, sugar, and lipid metabolism.
In eukaryotes, cyclic AMP works by activating protein kinase A (PKA, or cAMP-dependent protein kinase). PKA is normally inactive as a tetrameric holoenzyme, consisting of two cat... | 1 | Biochemistry |
[https://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/types/idc ] is one of the common types of breast cancer which accounts for 8 out of 10 of all invasive breast cancers. According to the American Cancer Society, more than 180,000 women in the United States find out that they have breast cancers each year, and most are diagnosed wi... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In general, hemoglobin can be saturated with oxygen molecules (oxyhemoglobin), or desaturated with oxygen molecules (deoxyhemoglobin). | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Eilaf Egap (née Ahmed) is an adjunct assistant professor of Materials Science at Rice University. She works on imaging techniques and biomaterials for early diagnostics and drug delivery. She was a Massachusetts Institute of Technology MLK Visiting Scholar in 2011. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
In 2016 he was co-lead of a team that discovered an insertion-deletion polymorphism, rs66698963, is under positive selective pressure depending on whether ancestral diets were primarily animal/seafood-based or plant-based. Global news widely reported that it would lead to potentially greater risk of disease, though thi... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
CCL7 is a multipotent chemokine involved in anti-bacterial, anti-viral and anti-fungal immune responses. For example, CCL7-mediated stimulation of CCR2 chemokine receptors on monocytes is participating in the elimination of Listeria monocytogenes infections by the recruitment of monocytes and TNF/iNOS-producing dendrit... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Ahead of the 50th anniversary of the 1962 James Bond film Dr No, Phillips stated that the character of Dr No, with his personal nuclear reactor, helped to create a "remorselessly grim" reputation for atomic energy. and that the popularity of the movie created an enduringly negative image of nuclear power – as something... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Zero electron kinetic energy (ZEKE) spectroscopy was developed with the idea of collecting only the resonance ionization photoelectrons that have extremely low kinetic energy. The technique involves waiting for a period of time after a resonance ionization experiment and then pulsing an electric field to collect the lo... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
* Conventional (C)TEM-CBED: In CTEM-CBED different shape condenser apertures are used to obtain the intensity distribution over the entire Brillouin zone.
* Large Angle (LA)CBED: (LA)CBED is performed with a large incident angle, ranging from 1˚ to 10˚. LACBED makes it possible to obtain non-overlapping disks with a l... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
The situation becomes more complex when the form of energy does not remain constant. In this context Ohta formulated the question of energy quality in terms of the conversion of energy of one form into another, that is the transformation of energy. Here, energy quality is defined by the relative ease with which the ene... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Photoluminescence processes can be classified by various parameters such as the energy of the exciting photon with respect to the emission.
Resonant excitation describes a situation in which photons of a particular wavelength are absorbed and equivalent photons are very rapidly re-emitted. This is often referred to as ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Ernest Ludwig Eliel (December 28, 1921 – September 18, 2008) was an organic chemist born in Cologne, Germany. Among his awards were the Priestley Medal in 1996 and the NAS Award for Chemistry in Service to Society in 1997.
When the Nazis came to power, he left Germany and moved to Scotland, then Canada, then Cuba. He... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Thermal spraying need not be a dangerous process if the equipment is treated with care and correct spraying practices are followed. As with any industrial process, there are a number of hazards of which the operator should be aware and against which specific precautions should be taken. Ideally, equipment should be ope... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Hydrogen and oxygen can be combined through by the use of a fuel cell. In this process, the reaction is broken into two half reactions which occur at separate electrodes. In this situation the reactants energy is directly converted to electricity. Useful energy can be obtained from the thermal heat of this reaction thr... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Aurin may cause eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritation. Ingestion and inhalation should be avoided.
Aurin was reported to have endocrine disruptor chemical (EDC) properties. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
A prismatic surface is a surface generated by all the lines that are parallel to a given line and intersect a broken line that is not in the same plane as the given line. The broken line is the directrix of the surface; the parallel lines are its generators (or elements). If the broken line is closed (i.e., a closed po... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Most low-beam headlamps produce an asymmetrical light suitable for use on only one side of the road. Low beam headlamps in LHT jurisdictions throw most of their light forward-leftward; those for RHT throw most of their light forward-rightward, thus illuminating obstacles and road signs while minimising glare for oncomi... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
In acidic medium, H ions and water are added to balance each half-reaction.
For example, when manganese reacts with sodium bismuthate.
:Unbalanced reaction: Mn + NaBiO → Bi +
:Oxidation: 4 HO + Mn → + 8 H + 5 e
:Reduction: 2 e + 6 H + → Bi + 3 HO
Finally, the reaction is balanced by multiplying the stoichiometric co... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
She married fellow metallurgist Norman Petch whom she met in Cambridge but they divorced in 1944. She went on to marry metallurgist, Alan Dennis McQuillam in 1947. Her husband died in 1987. McQuillan died in Gloucestershire in 1998. | 8 | Metallurgy |
Thomas Messinger Drown (March 19, 1842 – November 17, 1904) was the fourth University President of Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States. He was also an analytical chemist and metallurgist. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Organophosphines, like phosphine itself, are pyramidal molecules with approximate C symmetry. The C–P–C bond angles are approximately 98.6°. The C–P–C bond angles are consistent with the notion that phosphorus predominantly uses the 3p orbitals for forming bonds and that there is little sp hybridization of the phosphor... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The chemical composition of sporopollenin has long been elusive due to its unusual chemical stability, insolubility and resistance to degradation by enzymes and strong chemical reagents. It was once thought to consist of polymerised carotenoids but the application of more detailed analytical methods since the 1980s has... | 1 | Biochemistry |
A sensitizer in chemiluminescence is a chemical compound, capable of light emission after it has received energy from a molecule, which became excited previously in the chemical reaction. A good example is this:
When an alkaline solution of sodium hypochlorite and a concentrated solution of hydrogen peroxide are mixed,... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
In 1815 the French physicist Jean-Baptiste Biot showed that certain chemicals could rotate the plane of a beam of polarised light, a property called optical activity.
The nature of this property remained a mystery until 1848, when Louis Pasteur proposed that it had a molecular basis originating from some form of dissym... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
A wide range of Fe(III)-bearing minerals have been observed to function as terminal electron acceptors, including magnetite, hematite, goethite, lepidocrocite, ferrihydrite, hydrous ferric oxide, smectite, illite, jarosite, among others. | 1 | Biochemistry |
After some years in the planning and enabling phase, the [http://www.geotraces.org/science/science-plan GEOTRACES Science Plan] was published in 2006 and the GEOTRACES programme formally launched its seagoing effort in January 2010. This phase is expected to last a decade. | 9 | Geochemistry |
Many natural phenols are chiral. An example of such molecules is catechin. Cavicularin is an unusual macrocycle because it was the first compound isolated from nature displaying optical activity due to the presence of planar chirality and axial chirality. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
1,3-Dienes such as butadiene and isoprene dimerize in the coordination spheres of some metals, giving chelating bis(allyl) complexes. Such complexes also arise from ring-opening of divinylcyclobutane. Chelating bis(allyl) complexes are intermediates in the metal-catalyzed dimerization of butadiene to give vinylcyclohe... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The choice of metallic substrate is determined by the dimensional, mechanical and corrosion resistance properties required of the coated product in use. The most common metallic substrates that are organically coated are:
* Hot dip galvanised steel (HDG) which consists of a cold reduced steel substrate onto which a lay... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate can be used for esterification of carboxylic acids under conditions where acid-catalyzed reactions are infeasible:
Although rarely employed for esterifications, carboxylate salts (often generated in situ) react with electrophilic alkylating agents, such as alkyl halides, to give este... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Electromigrated nanogaps are gaps formed in metallic bridges formed by the process of electromigration. A nanosized contact formed by electromigration acts like a waveguide for electrons. The nanocontact essentially acts like a one-dimensional wire with a conductance of . The current in a wire is the velocity of the el... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Aerobic fermentation or aerobic glycolysis is a metabolic process by which cells metabolize sugars via fermentation in the presence of oxygen and occurs through the repression of normal respiratory metabolism. Preference of aerobic fermentation over aerobic respiration is referred to as the Crabtree effect in yeast, an... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Another common method of converting between fractional and Cartesian coordinates involves the use of a cell tensor which contains each of the basis vectors of the space expressed in Cartesian coordinates. | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Although the underlying equations governing plasmas are relatively simple, plasma behaviour is extraordinarily varied and subtle: the emergence of unexpected behaviour from a simple model is a typical feature of a complex system. Such systems lie in some sense on the boundary between ordered and disordered behaviour an... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The Arc transcript is dependent upon activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase or MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade, a pathway important for regulation of cell growth and survival. Extracellular signaling to neuronal dendrites activates postsynaptic sites to increase Arc levels through a wide variety of signaling mole... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Dexketoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is manufactured by Menarini, under the tradename Keral. It is available in the UK, as dexketoprofen trometamol, as a prescription-only drug and in Latin America as Enantyum, produced by Menarini. Also, in Italy and Spain it is available as an over-the-... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
It was proposed that increased synthesis of (p)ppGpp would cause polyphosphate (PolyP) accumulation in E. coli. The alarmone could interact with exopolyphosphatase PPX, which would inhibit the hydrolysis of PolyP, thus causing its accumulation in bacteria. Although it has recently been shown that it is actually DksA an... | 1 | Biochemistry |
For methanol the following parameters can be obtained:
The reference temperature has been T = 174.61 K and the reference pressure P has been set to 0 kPa.
Methanol is a component where the Simon–Glatzel works well in the given validity range. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Single-cell transcriptomic assays have allowed reconstruction development trajectories. Branching of these trajectories describes cell differentiation. Various methods have been developed for reconstructing branching developmental trajectories from single-cell transcriptomic data. They use various advanced mathematical... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the Voigt profile can be found from the
widths of the associated Gaussian and Lorentzian widths. The FWHM of the Gaussian profile
is
The FWHM of the Lorentzian profile is
An approximate relation (accurate to within about 1.2%) between the widths of the Voigt, Gaussian, and Lore... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Inorganic phosphites (containing ) have been applied to crops to combat fungus-like pathogens of the order oomycetes (water molds). The situation is confusing because of the similarity in name between phosphite and phosphate (a major plant nutrient and fertilizer ingredient), and controversial because phosphites have ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The idea that oxidation of ammonia to nitrate is in fact a biological process was first given by Louis Pasteur in 1862. Later in 1875, Alexander Müller, while conducting a quality assessment of water from wells in Berlin, noted that ammonium was stable in sterilized solutions but nitrified in natural waters. A. Müller ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
There are multiple different ways to fix cultural eutrophication with raw sewage being a point source of pollution. For example, sewage treatment plants can be upgraded for biological nutrient removal so that they discharge much less nitrogen and phosphorus to the receiving water body. However, even with good secondary... | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Many methods in ester synthesis can also be applied to that of lactones. Lactonization competes with polymerization for longer hydroxy acids, or the strained βlactones. γLactones, on the other hand, are so stable that 4-hydroxy acids (R-CH(OH)-(CH)-COH) spontaneously cyclise.
In one industrial synthesis of oxandrolone ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Fumaric acid is produced based on catalytic isomerisation of maleic acid in aqueous solutions at low pH. It precipitates from the reaction solution. Maleic acid is accessible in large volumes as a hydrolysis product of maleic anhydride, produced by catalytic oxidation of benzene or butane. | 1 | Biochemistry |
An aroma compound, also known as an odorant, aroma, fragrance or flavoring, is a chemical compound that has a smell or odor. For an individual chemical or class of chemical compounds to impart a smell or fragrance, it must be sufficiently volatile for transmission via the air to the olfactory system in the upper part o... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
It is possible to introduce an artificial electron acceptor into the light reaction, such as a dye that changes color when it is reduced. These are known as Hill reagents. These dyes permitted the finding of electron transport chains during photosynthesis. Dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP), an example of these dyes, is ... | 5 | Photochemistry |
Otto Perutz (27 July 1847, Teplice, Bohemia – 18 January 1922, Munich Germany) was an Austrian-German chemist.
From 1872 to 1876, Perutz was director of Bayerische Aktiengesellschaft für chemische und landwirtschaftlich-chemische Fabrikate (Bavarian Corporation for Chemical and Agrochemical Products Inc., later Süd-Che... | 5 | Photochemistry |
* Advantages
** Some advantages to Biological and bio-hybrid drug carriers include but are not limited to offering compatibility with the human immune system, having the potential to be genetically modified, and having the capacity to hold drugs. Moreover, an essential advantage is their natural property of homing to i... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Under normal conditions, ATP and ADP cannot cross the inner mitochondrial membrane due to their high negative charges, but ADP/ATP translocase, an antiporter, couples the transport of the two molecules. The depression in ADP/ATP translocase alternatively faces the matrix and the cytoplasmic sides of the membrane. ADP i... | 1 | Biochemistry |
One probe for testing whether or not the 2-norbornyl cation is non-classical is investigating the inherent symmetry of the cation. Many spectroscopic tools, such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR spectroscopy) and Raman spectroscopy, give hints about the reflectional and rotational symmetry present in a m... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Hexamethylenetetramine or hexamine is also used as a food additive as a preservative (INS number 239). It is approved for usage for this purpose in the EU, where it is listed under E number E239, however it is not approved in the USA, Russia, Australia, or New Zealand. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Leber's congenital amaurosis is an inherited blinding disease caused by mutations in the RPE65 gene. The results of a small clinical trial in children were published in April. Delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) carrying RPE65 yielded positive results. In May, two more groups reported positive results ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Tris(cyclooctatetraene)triiron or Fe(COT), also referred to as the Lavallo-Grubbs compound (after its discoverers) is an organoiron compound with the formula Fe(CH). It is a pyrophoric, black crystalline solid, which is insoluble in common organic solvents.The compound represents a rare example of a hydrocarbon analogu... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Perhaps no pair of valence isomers differ more strongly in appearance than colourless naphthalene and the intensely violet azulene. | 4 | Stereochemistry |
As an ordinary acid chloride, isobutyryl chloride is the subject of many reported transformations. Dehydrohalogenation of isobutyryl chloride with triethylamine gives 2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutanedione. Treatment of isobutyryl chloride with hydrogen fluoride gives the acid fluoride. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
On airless bodies, the lack of any significant greenhouse effect allows equilibrium temperatures to approach mean surface temperatures, as on Mars, where the equilibrium temperature is and the mean surface temperature of emission is . There are large variations in surface temperature over space and time on airless or ... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
When Emerson exposed green plants to differing wavelengths of light, he noticed that at wavelengths of greater than 680 nm the efficiency of photosynthesis decreased abruptly despite the fact that this is a region of the spectrum where chlorophyll still absorbs light (chlorophyll is the green pigment in plants - it abs... | 5 | Photochemistry |
The second contribution is the induction (also termed polarization) or Debye force, arising from interactions between rotating permanent dipoles and from the polarizability of atoms and molecules (induced dipoles). These induced dipoles occur when one molecule with a permanent dipole repels another molecule's electrons... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
In thermodynamics, when is exact, the function is a state function of the system: a mathematical function which depends solely on the current equilibrium state, not on the path taken to reach that state. Internal energy , Entropy , Enthalpy , Helmholtz free energy , and Gibbs free energy are state functions. General... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
The first serious attempt at providing a physical explanation of the material removal during electric discharge machining is perhaps that of Van Dijck. Van Dijck presented a thermal model together with a computational simulation to explain the phenomena between the electrodes during electric discharge machining. Howeve... | 8 | Metallurgy |
The City of Whitwell in Tennessee is named in his honour. Tom was a founder and Chairman of the Southern States Coal, Iron and Land Company which developed coal mining in Whitwell and Iron smelting in nearby South Pittsburg. Tom visited the area at least twice hosting a banquet for five hundred workers and guests of ‘... | 8 | Metallurgy |
Compared with β-carbon elimination, oxidative addition of C-C bond is a more direct way of C-C bond activation. However, it is more challenging to do for the following reasons: 1) It forms two weak M-C bonds at the expense of breaking a stable C-C bond, so it is energetically unfavorable; 2) the C-C bond is usually hin... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Foldamers can vary in size, but they are defined by the presence of noncovalent, nonadjacent interactions. This definition excludes molecules like poly(isocyanates) (commonly known as polyurethane) and poly(prolines) as they fold into helices reliably due to adjacent covalent interactions. Foldamers have a dynamic fold... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
The three principal phosphate producer countries (China, Morocco and the United States) account for about 70% of world production. | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The simplest molecular explanation for the exchange of proteins on a surface is the adsorption/desorption model. Here, proteins interact with the surface of a biomaterial and "stick" on the material through interactions made with the protein and the biomaterial surface. Once a protein has adsorbed onto the surface of a... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
There have also been attempts to distill creosote from peat-tar, although mostly unsuccessful due to the problems with winning and drying peat on an industrial scale. Peat tar by itself has in the past been used as a wood preservative. | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
* (2007): Death of a dissident: The Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko and the Return of the KGB. The Free Press. | 1 | Biochemistry |
The reducing agents NADH, NADPH, and FADH, as well as metal ions, act as cofactors at various steps in anabolic pathways. NADH, NADPH, and FADH act as electron carriers, while charged metal ions within enzymes stabilize charged functional groups on substrates. | 1 | Biochemistry |
Vacuum pyrolysis, with the removal of neutral volatile byproducts i.e. methanol or chloroform, has been used to prepare dihydroimidazole and triazole based carbenes. Historically the removal of chloroform by vacuum pyrolysis of adducts A was used by Wanzlick in his early attempts to prepare dihydroimidazol-2-ylidenes b... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
Carbon added to sedimentary rocks can take the form of carbonates, or organic carbon compounds. In order of source quantity the organic carbon comes from phytoplankton, plants, bacteria and zooplankton. However terrestrial sediments may be mostly from higher plants, and some oxygen deficient sediments from water may be... | 9 | Geochemistry |
The Racah parameters are a set of parameters used in atomic and molecular spectroscopy to describe the amount of total electrostatic repulsion in an atom that has multiple electrons.
When an atom has more than one electron, there will be some electrostatic repulsion between the electrons. The amount of repulsion varies... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Base flipping was first observed in 1994 when researchers Klimasauskas, Kumar, Roberts, and Cheng used X-ray crystallography to view an intermediate step in the chemical reaction of a methyltransferase bound to DNA. The methyltransferase they used was the C5-cytosine methyltransferase from Haemophilus haemolyticus (M.... | 1 | Biochemistry |
As an example, consider the gas-phase reaction + CO → NO + . If this reaction occurred in a single step, its reaction rate (r) would be proportional to the rate of collisions between and CO molecules: r = k[][CO], where k is the reaction rate constant, and square brackets indicate a molar concentration. Another typic... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
Coliform bacteria are defined as either motile or non-motile Gram-negative non-spore forming bacilli that possess β-galactosidase to produce acids and gases under their optimal growth temperature of 35–37 °C. They can be aerobes or facultative aerobes, and are a commonly used indicator of low sanitary quality of foods... | 3 | Analytical Chemistry |
Many decarboxylative cross coupling reactions involve the breaking of C–COOH bonds, therefore subsequent studies have attempted to enable cross coupling with </sub>C carboxylic acids. One such reaction by Shang et al. described a palladium catalyzed cross coupling that enables the formation of functionalized pyridines,... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The most basic optical tweezer setup will likely include the following components: a laser (usually Nd:YAG), a beam expander, some optics used to steer the beam location in the sample plane, a microscope objective and condenser to create the trap in the sample plane, a position detector (e.g. quadrant photodiode) to me... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The first of preparation of a phosphaalkyne was achieved in 1961 when Thurman Gier produced phosphaethyne by passing phosphine gas at low pressure over an electric arc produced between two carbon electrodes. Condensation of the gaseous products in a –196 °C (–321 °F) trap revealed that the reaction had produced acetyle... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
The project is open source - all data and all software that is produced in the project can be freely accessed and used. | 1 | Biochemistry |
In circumstances where more than one laboratory is analysing samples and feeding data into a large programme of work such as the Harmonised monitoring scheme in the UK, AQC can also be applied to validate one laboratory against another. In such cases the work may be referred to as inter-laboratory calibration. | 2 | Environmental Chemistry |
Since RuBisCO is often rate-limiting for photosynthesis in plants, it may be possible to improve photosynthetic efficiency by modifying RuBisCO genes in plants to increase catalytic activity and/or decrease oxygenation rates. This could improve sequestration of and be a strategy to increase crop yields. Approaches und... | 5 | Photochemistry |
The Environmental Residue Effects Database (ERED) is a database maintained by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers that pairs data regarding the bioaccumulation of toxicants in tissue (via tissue residue) to endpoint effects such as mortality, growth, or physiological and biochemical responses. Response data also include l... | 1 | Biochemistry |
Cryptoregiochemistry refers to the site of initial oxidative attack in double bond formation by enzymes such as fatty acid desaturases. This is a mechanistic parameter that is usually determined through the use of kinetic isotope effect experiments, based on the premise that the initial C-H bond cleavage step should be... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Single doses of up to at least 32-fold (800 mg), as well as continuous therapy with 24-fold (600 mg) the usual daily dose are well tolerated. No life-threatening overdosing is known in humans, but only in animal studies with 2000- to 4000-fold doses (adjusted to body surface area). | 4 | Stereochemistry |
The images above give an indication of the compositions and scale (dimensions) associated with MAs, though these just begin to touch on the complexity of the structures; in principle, each living cell is composed of MAs, but is itself an MA as well. In the examples and other such complexes and assemblies, MAs are each ... | 1 | Biochemistry |
In the presence of two phases ( and ), the surface (surface phase) is located in between the phase and phase . Experimentally, it is difficult to determine the exact structure of an inhomogeneous surface phase that is in contact with a bulk liquid phase containing more than one solute. Inhomogeneity of the surface p... | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
A relation between the apparent molar of a component of a mixture and molar mixing ratio can be obtained by dividing the definition relation
to the number of moles of one component. This gives the following relation: | 7 | Physical Chemistry |
C. albicans is a yeast with a particular feature: it translates the CUG codon into serine rather than leucine. Due to this different codon usage it is difficult to use the model system S. cerevisiae as a Y2H to check for protein-protein interactions using C. albicans genes. To provide a more native environment a C. alb... | 1 | Biochemistry |
The forces between the tip and the sample strongly depend on the geometry of the tip. Various studies were exploited in the past years to write the forces as a function of the tip parameters.
Among the different forces between the tip and the sample, the water meniscus forces are highly interesting, both in air and liq... | 6 | Supramolecular Chemistry |
The prismanes are a class of hydrocarbon compounds consisting of prism-like polyhedra of various numbers of sides on the polygonal base. Chemically, it is a series of fused cyclobutane rings (a ladderane, with all-cis/all-syn geometry) that wraps around to join its ends and form a band, with cycloalkane edges. Their ch... | 4 | Stereochemistry |
Purple bacteria is a type of photosynthetic organism with a light harvesting complex consisting of two pigment protein complexes referred to as LH1 and LH2. Within the photosynthetic membrane, these two complexes differ in terms of their arrangement. The LH1 complexes surrounds the reaction centre, while the LH2 comple... | 5 | Photochemistry |
In organic chemistry, a ketone is an organic compound with the structure , where R and R can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents. Ketones contain a carbonyl group (which contains a carbon–oxygen double bond C=O). The simplest ketone is acetone (where R and R is methyl), with the formula . Many ketones are ... | 0 | Organic Chemistry |
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