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*Tacke, Ida, and D. Holde. 1921. Über Anhydride höherer aliphatischer Fettesäuren. Berlin, TeH., Diss., 1921. (On higher aliphatic fatty acid anhydrides )
*Noddack, Walter, Otto Berg, and Ida Tacke. 1925. Zwei neue Elemente der Mangangruppe, Chemischer Teil. [Berlin: In Kommission bei W. de Gruyter]. (Two new elements ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The term "autapse" was first coined in 1972 by Van der Loos and Glaser, who observed them in Golgi preparations of the rabbit occipital cortex while originally conducting a quantitative analysis of neocortex circuitry. Also in the 1970s, autapses have been described in dog and rat cerebral cortex, monkey neostriatum, a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The adsorption of particles to bubbles is essential to separating the minerals from the slurry, but the minerals must be purified from the additives used in separation, such as the collectors, frothers, and modifiers. The product of the cleaning, or desorption process, is known as the cleaner concentrate.
The detachmen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Synthesis of xenon trioxide is by aqueous hydrolysis of :
: + 3 → + 6 HF
The resulting xenon trioxide crystals are a strong oxidising agent and can oxidise most substances that are at all oxidisable. However, it is slow-acting and this reduces its usefulness.
Above 25 °C, xenon trioxide is very prone to violent explo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A cascade reaction, also known as a domino reaction or tandem reaction, is a chemical process that comprises at least two consecutive reactions such that each subsequent reaction occurs only in virtue of the chemical functionality formed in the previous step. In cascade reactions, isolation of intermediates is not requ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gun development and design in Europe reached its "classic" form in the 1480s – longer, lighter, more efficient, and more accurate compared to its predecessors only three decades prior. The design persisted, and cannons of the 1480s show little difference and surprising similarity with cannons three centuries later in t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Membrane osmometry measurements are best used for 30,000 1,000,000 grams/mole. For above 1,000,000 grams/mole, the solute is too dilute to create a measurable osmotic pressure. For below 30,000 grams per mole, the solute permeates through the membrane and the measurements are inaccurate.
Another issue for membrane o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The indenyl effect refers to an explanation for the enhanced rates of substitution exhibited by η-indenyl complexes vs the related η-cyclopentadienyl complexes.
Associative substitution occurs by the addition of a ligand to a metal complex followed by dissociation of an original ligand. Associative pathways are not typ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A Luggin capillary (also Luggin probe, Luggin tip, or Luggin-Haber capillary) is a small tube that is used in electrochemistry. The capillary defines a clear sensing point for the reference electrode near the working electrode. This is in contrast to the poorly defined, large reference electrode. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In medicine, a biomarker is a measurable indicator of the severity or presence of some disease state. It may be defined as a "cellular, biochemical or molecular alteration in cells, tissues or fluids that can be measured and evaluated to indicate normal biological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacological re... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bjerknes writes:This principle is analogous to Archimedes' principle. Based on this principle the force acting on a particle of volume is . Where is the fluid velocity and is the fluid density.
Using conservation of momentum for incompressible non-viscous fluid one can find that to first order: , Concluding that . | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A tidal bore, often simply given as bore in context, is a tidal phenomenon in which the leading edge of the incoming tide forms a wave (or waves) of water that travels up a river or narrow bay, reversing the direction of the river or bay's current. It is a strong tide that pushes up the river, against the current. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The concentration of CDOM can have a significant effect on biological activity in aquatic systems. CDOM diminishes light intensity as it penetrates water. Very high concentrations of CDOM can have a limiting effect on photosynthesis and inhibit the growth of phytoplankton, which form the basis of oceanic food chains an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Various analytical methods approved by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for measuring mercury in wastewater are in common use. EPA Methods 245.7 and 1631 are commonly used for measurement of industrial wastewater using CVAFS. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Carbon sequestration - when acting as a carbon sink - helps to mitigate climate change and thus reduce harmful effects of climate change. It helps to slow the atmospheric and marine accumulation of greenhouse gases, which are released by burning fossil fuels and industrial livestock production.
Carbon sequestration, w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Bioinorganic Chemistry Award has been awarded by the Dalton division of the Royal Society of Chemistry every two years since 2009. The winner receives £2000 and undertakes a lecture tour in the UK. The award was discontinued in 2020. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Air supply to a building is generally performed by an air handling unit. The process may include for filtering, heating, cooling, humidification, or dehumidification, all of which processes consume energy. Since the fresh air demand for the building occupants may be less than that is required for air conditioning purpo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The purest copper is obtained by an electrolytic process, undertaken using a slab of impure copper as the anode and a thin sheet of pure copper as the cathode. The electrolyte is an acidic solution of copper sulphate. By passing electricity through the cell, copper is dissolved from the anode and deposited on the cat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Iodine is an essential trace element in biological systems. It has the distinction of being the heaviest element commonly needed by living organisms as well as the second-heaviest known to be used by any form of life (only tungsten, a component of a few bacterial enzymes, has a higher atomic number and atomic weight). ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Manfred Schidlowski: [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-642-59381-9_24 Search for Morphological and Biogeochemical Vestiges of Fossil Life in Extraterrestrial Settings: Utility of Terrestrial Evidence]. In: Horneck G., Baumstark-Khan C. (eds) Astrobiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2002, pages 373–... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Despite formal recommendation to the contrary, the term partition coefficient remains the predominantly used term in the scientific literature.
In contrast, the IUPAC recommends that the title term no longer be used, rather, that it be replaced with more specific terms. For example, partition constant, defined as
where... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Liver of sulfur is a loosely defined mixture of potassium sulfide, potassium polysulfide, potassium thiosulfate, and likely potassium bisulfide. Synonyms include hepar sulfuris, sulfur, sulfurated potash and sulfurated potassa. There are two distinct varieties: "potassic liver of sulfur" and "ammoniacal liver of sulf... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Howard E. Zimmerman was a native of Connecticut. During World War II, he served in the U.S. Armored Corps in Europe where he was a tank gunner. His final rank was technical sergeant. He obtained a B. S. in Chemistry in 1950 and a Ph.D. in 1953 both from Yale University. He was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow with a Nati... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There is a market for vials of processed sperm and for various reasons a sperm bank may sell-on stocks of vials which it holds known as onselling. The costs of screening of donors and storage of frozen donor sperm vials are not insignificant and in practice most sperm banks will try to dispose of all samples from an in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Preliminary round: Usually held around the end of August and the beginning of September each year.
* Final round: Usually held around the end of November and the start of December.
(An interesting fact is that before 2011 the final round took part in the next January after the preliminary round, but some reforms wer... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aliphatic compounds can be saturated, joined by single bonds (alkanes), or unsaturated, with double bonds (alkenes) or triple bonds (alkynes). If other elements (heteroatoms) are bound to the carbon chain, the most common being oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine, it is no longer a hydrocarbon, and therefore no long... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Primary sources from the group of Irma Rantanen at University of Turku, Finland claim that SLS-containing pastes cause more dry mouth (xerostomia) than their proposed alternative. However, a 2011 Cochrane review of these studies, and of the more general area, concludes that there "is no strong evidence... that any topi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sodium iodide activated with thallium, NaI(Tl), when subjected to ionizing radiation, emits photons (i.e., scintillate) and is used in scintillation detectors, traditionally in nuclear medicine, geophysics, nuclear physics, and environmental measurements. NaI(Tl) is the most widely used scintillation material. The crys... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* The novel The Dervish House by Ian McDonald features a hunt for a mellified man.
* A segment of the eighth episode of the fourth series of the British childrens historical sketch show Horrible Histories' features this concept.
* The song "Sweet Bod" by Neil Cicierega (also known as Lemon Demon) on the 2016 album Spir... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Xanthosine monophosphate (xanthylate) is an intermediate in purine metabolism. It is a ribonucleoside monophosphate. It is formed from IMP via the action of IMP dehydrogenase, and it forms GMP via the action of GMP synthase. Also, XMP can be released from XTP by enzyme deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrol... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Because nitrenes are so reactive, they are not isolated. Instead, they are formed as reactive intermediates during a reaction. There are two common ways to generate nitrenes:
* From azides by thermolysis or photolysis, with expulsion of nitrogen gas. This method is analogous to the formation of carbenes from diazo comp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the 1980s, Lehn observed that Co(I) species were produced in solutions containing CoCl, 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy), a tertiary amine, and a Ru(bpy)Cl photosensitizer. The high affinity of CO to cobalt centers led both him and Ziessel to study cobalt centers as electrocatalysts for reduction. In 1982, they reported CO and... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Amyloid precursor protein has been shown to interact with:
* APBA1,
* APBA2,
* APBA3,
* APBB1,
* APPBP1,
* APPBP2,
* BCAP31,
* BLMH
* CLSTN1,
* CAV1,
* COL25A1,
* FBLN1,
* GSN,
* HSD17B10, and
* SHC1.
APP interacts with reelin, a protein implicated in a number of brain disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The initiation time is related to the rate at which carbonation propagates in the concrete cover thickness. Once that carbonation reaches the steel surface, altering the local pH value of the environment, the protective thin film of oxides on the steel surface becomes instable, and corrosion initiates involving an exte... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Zhao Jincai (; born December 1960) is a Chinese environmental chemist and researcher of the Institute of Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In April 1994, he obtained a doctorate from Meisei University in Japan. In 2011 he was elected as an academician of CAS. He is a professor at the Institute of Chemistry,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Carotenoderma, also referred to as carotenemia, is a benign and reversible medical condition where an excess of dietary carotenoids results in orange discoloration of the outermost skin layer. It is associated with a high blood β-carotene value. This can occur after a month or two of consumption of beta-carotene rich f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Armodafinil exhibits linear time-independent kinetics following single and multiple oral dose administration. Increase in systemic exposure is proportional over the dose range of 50–400 mg. No time-dependent change in kinetics was observed through 12 weeks of dosing. Apparent steady state for armodafinil was reached wi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The German physicist Rudolf Clausius, in the 1850s, was the first to mathematically quantify the discovery of irreversibility in nature through his introduction of the concept of entropy. In his 1854 memoir "On a Modified Form of the Second Fundamental Theorem in the Mechanical Theory of Heat," Clausius states:
Simply,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
With regard to the risk of proliferation and use by terrorists, the relatively simple design is a concern, as it does not require as much fine engineering or manufacturing as other methods. With enough highly enriched uranium, nations or groups with relatively low levels of technological sophistication could create an ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Polymeric materials have widespread application due to their versatile characteristics, cost-effectiveness, and highly tailored production. The science of polymer synthesis allows for excellent control over the properties of a bulk polymer sample. However, surface interactions of polymer substrates are an essential are... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hemoglobin acts to transport oxygen which the body receives to all body tissue via blood vessels. Over time, when red blood cells need to be replenished, the hemoglobin is broken down in the spleen; it breaks down into two parts: heme group consisting of iron and bile and protein fraction. While protein and iron are ut... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Palmitoylethanolamide was discovered in 1957. Indications for its use as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic date from before 1980. In that year, researchers described what they called "N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-palmitamide" as a natural anti-inflammatory agent, stating, "We have succeeded in isolating a crystalline anti-infla... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are three types of persistent infections, latent, chronic and slow, in which the virus stays inside the host cell for prolonged periods of time. During latent infections there is minimal to no expression of infected viral genome. The genome remains within the host cell until the virus is ready for replication. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photon anti-bunching is the process in Resonance Fluorescence through which rate at which photons are emitted by a two-level atom is limited. A two-level atom is only capable of absorbing a photon from the driving electromagnetic field after a certain period of time has passed. This time period is modeled as a probabil... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The intrinsic viscosity is very sensitive to the axial ratio of spheroids, especially of prolate spheroids. For example, the intrinsic viscosity can provide rough estimates of the number of subunits in a protein fiber composed of a helical array of proteins such as tubulin. More generally, intrinsic viscosity can be ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Because many reagents exist for radical generation and trapping, establishing a single prevailing mechanism is not possible. However, once a radical is generated, it can react with multiple bonds in an intramolecular fashion to yield cyclized radical intermediates. The two ends of the multiple bond constitute two possi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are many types of passive samplers used that specialize in absorbing different classes of aquatic contaminants found in the environment. Chemcatcher and SMPD are two types of passive samplers that are also commonly used. Monitoring programs use SMPDs to measure to hydrophobic organic contaminants. SPMDs are desig... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The typical solution, historically, has been to use the Hall effect to create a current that flows with the fluid. (See illustration.) This design has arrays of short, segmented electrodes on the sides of the duct. The first and last electrodes in the duct power the load. Each other electrode is shorted to an electrode... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The dominant application of metal carbenes involves none of the above classes of compounds, but rather heterogeneous catalysts used for alkene metathesis for the synthesis of higher alkenes. A variety of related reactions are used to interconvert light alkenes, e.g. butenes, propylene, and ethylene. Carbene complexes a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Far-red
In efforts to increase photosynthetic efficiency, researchers have proposed extending the spectrum of light that is available for photosynthesis. One approach involves incorporating pigments like chlorophyll d and f, which are capable of absorbing far-red light, into the photosynthetic machinery of higher plant... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Factitious airs was a term used for synthetic gases which emerged around 1670 when Robert Boyle coined the term upon isolating what is now understood to be hydrogen. Factitious means "artificial, not natural", so the term means "man-made gases". | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Superconductivity is a set of physical properties observed in certain materials where electrical resistance vanishes and magnetic fields are expelled from the material. Any material exhibiting these properties is a superconductor. Unlike an ordinary metallic conductor, whose resistance decreases gradually as its temper... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A beam origin (also beam source) is a river section that is in very good ecological condition. The river section may not necessarily be located in the main course but side waters. On the one hand, it shows structural, hydrological and hydraulic quality close to nature; on the other hand, it is the natural habitat of ty... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The RNA coded by the short-interspersed nuclear element does not code for any protein product but is nonetheless reverse-transcribed and inserted back into an alternate region in the genome. For this reason, short interspersed nuclear elements are believed to have co-evolved with long interspersed nuclear element (LINE... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A superconductor can be Type I, meaning it has a single critical field, above which all superconductivity is lost and below which the magnetic field is completely expelled from the superconductor; or Type II, meaning it has two critical fields, between which it allows partial penetration of the magnetic field through i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most organisms synthesize NAD from simple components. The specific set of reactions differs among organisms, but a common feature is the generation of quinolinic acid (QA) from an amino acideither tryptophan (Trp) in animals and some bacteria, or aspartic acid (Asp) in some bacteria and plants. The quinolinic acid is c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Continuous and short-term surface water runoff
*Stormwater prediction and management
*Flash flood forecasting
*Operational flood alert
*Flood event reconstruction
*Design Storm development
*Recharge estimation
*Soil moisture monitoring
*Hydrology and Hydraulics studies
*Land use planning scenarios
*Water quality studi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The dual ligation hybridization assay (DLA) extends the specificity of the hybridization-ligation assay to a specific method for the parent compound. Despite hybridization-ligation assays robustness, sensitivity and added specificity for the 3-end of the oligonculeotide analyte, the hybridization-ligation assay is no... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Radioactive isotope labeling experiments provide a powerful tool for determining the structure of organic molecules. By systematically decomposing the 2-norbornyl cation and analyzing the amount of radioactive isotope in each decomposition product, researchers were able to show further evidence for the non-classical pi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A mitochondrion (; : mitochondria) is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi. Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy. They were dis... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The formation of a glycosidic linkage results in the formation of a new stereogenic centre and therefore a mixture of products may be expected to result. The linkage formed may either be axial or equatorial (α or β with respect to glucose). To better understand this, the mechanism of a glycosylation reaction must be ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
With GM corn being a common feedstock, it is unsurprising that some bioplastics are made from this.
Under the bioplastics manufacturing technologies there is the "plant factory" model, which uses genetically modified crops or genetically modified bacteria to optimise efficiency. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The use of the recycled glass as aggregate in concrete has become popular, with large-scale research on that application being carried out at Columbia University in New York. Recycled glass greatly enhances the aesthetic appeal of the concrete. Recent research has shown that concrete made with recycled glass aggregates... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The compound has two commercial uses.
It is used as an ingredient in Fluosol, artificial blood. This application exploits the high solubility of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the solvent, as well as the low viscosity and toxicity. It is also a component of Fluorinert coolant liquids. CPUs of some computers are immersed ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An inclusion is a solid particle in liquid aluminium alloy. It is usually non-metallic and can be of different nature depending on its source. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Research into algae for the mass-production of oil focuses mainly on microalgae (organisms capable of photosynthesis that are less than 0.4 mm in diameter, including the diatoms and cyanobacteria) as opposed to macroalgae, such as seaweed. The preference for microalgae has come about due largely to their less complex s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Given a set of structurally diverse ligands that binds to a receptor, a model of the receptor can be built by exploiting the collective information contained in such set of ligands. Different computational techniques explore the structural, electronic, molecular shape, and physicochemical similarities of different lig... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photosynthetic water splitting (or oxygen evolution) is one of the most important reactions on the planet, since it is the source of nearly all the atmosphere's oxygen. Moreover, artificial photosynthetic water-splitting may contribute to the effective use of sunlight as an alternative energy-source.
The mechanism of w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Per meg equals 0.001 permil or 0.0001 percent or parts per million ppm. The unit is typically used in isotope analysis by multiplying an isotope ratio in delta annotation, for example δO, by 1000000.
This annotation is typically used in studies of atmospheric trace gases, where a high precision is needed for a signif... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thomas Haines was born on August 9, 1933, to Elsie Cubbon Haines (1894–1955) and Charles Haines, who deserted when Haines was two. In 1937, "by reason of the insanity of the mother", a judge placed him at the Graham School, an orphanage in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York. The orphanage, now a social services and foster ca... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Smooth mirror-like surfaces provide specular reflections, allowing easy detection of the acoustic wave. However, as surfaces become rougher the reflections become more diffuse, making detection of the acoustic wave more challenging for two reasons. Firstly, the reflected beam is spread out in a cone, as this cone incr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1889, Ludwig Mond discovered that the combustion of coal with air and steam produced ammonia along with an extra gas, which was named the Mond gas. He discovered this while looking for a process to form ammonium sulfate, which was useful in agriculture. The process involved reacting low-quality coal with superheated... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, anilides (or phenylamides) are a class of organic compounds with the general structure . They are amide derivatives of aniline (). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A quasiperiodic crystal, or quasicrystal, is a structure that is ordered but not periodic. A quasicrystalline pattern can continuously fill all available space, but it lacks translational symmetry. While crystals, according to the classical crystallographic restriction theorem, can possess only two-, three-, four-, and... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130801074010/http://www.ccattbrams.org/wiki/index.php?title=About-CCATT-BRAMS CCATT-BRAMS]
* [http://ruc.noaa.gov/wrf/WG11/ WRF-Chem]
* CMAQ, [https://www.cmascenter.org/cmaq/ CMAQ Website]
* [http://www.camx.com/ CAMx]
* [http://www.geos-chem.org/ GEOS-Chem]
* [https://web.archive.org/... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Utilizing powder metallurgy routes for titanium foam fabrication allows for production at lower temperatures than those required through a melt process and reduces overall risks for contamination. In loose-powder sintering (also known as gravity sintering), pores are created through diffusion bonding arising from the v... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sapropel (a contraction of Ancient Greek words sapros and pelos, meaning putrefaction and mud (or clay), respectively) is a term used in marine geology to describe dark-coloured sediments that are rich in organic matter. Organic carbon concentrations in sapropels commonly exceed 2 wt.% in weight.
The term sapropel even... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Jameson Cell grew out of a long-term research program aimed at improving the recovery of fine particles by flotation. The work started at Imperial College London, and continued when Jameson moved in 1978 to the University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia, where he is Laureate Professor (2015). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A cyclone sampler consists of a circular chamber with the aerosol stream entering through one or more tangential nozzles. Like an impactor, a cyclone sampler depends upon the inertia of the particle to cause it to deposit on the sampler wall as the air stream curves around inside the chamber. Also like an impactor, the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The investigations in capillarity stem back as far as Leonardo da Vinci, however the idea of capillary length was not developed until much later. Fundamentally the capillary length is a product of the work of Thomas Young and Pierre Laplace. They both appreciated that surface tension arose from cohesive forces between ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bacterial adhesion involves the attachment (or deposition) of bacteria on the surface (solid, gel layer, etc.). This interaction plays an important role in natural system as well as in environmental engineering.
The attachment of biomass on the membrane surface will result in membrane fouling, which can significantly ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is a complex of three enzymes that converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA by a process called pyruvate decarboxylation. Acetyl-CoA may then be used in the citric acid cycle to carry out cellular respiration, and this complex links the glycolysis metabolic pathway to the citric acid cycle... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ligands can be attached to liposomes through ligation to create ligand-targeted liposomes in a variety of ways. Liposomes have a lipid outer layer that can be used to bind ligands. Conjugation of the ligand to the surface of a liposome can be achieved through multiple routes. Covalent binding is a prominent way due to ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Through the seasonal vertical migration of zooplankton, the lipid pump creates a net difference between lipids transported to the deep during the fall (when zooplankton enter diapause) and what returns to the surface during the spring, resulting in the sequestration of lipid carbon at depth. The biological pump encompa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Several ECS journals which have ceased publication are now preserved as an archive. These archived publications are available through the Digital Library. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ernst was married to Magdalena until his death. Together, they had three children: Anna Magdalena, Katharina Elisabeth and Hans-Martin Walter.
Besides toiling with his work, Ernst also enjoyed music and art, specifically Tibetan scroll art. Using scientific techniques, Ernst would research the pigments on the scrolls ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydroperoxides are mildly acidic. The range is indicated by 11.5 for Methyl hydroperoxide| to 13.1 for .
Hydroperoxides can be reduced to alcohols with lithium aluminium hydride, as described in this idealized equation:
This reaction is the basis of methods for analysis of organic peroxides. Another way to evaluate the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Despite its increased efficacy, the edit inserted by PE2 might still be removed due to DNA mismatch repair of the edited strand. To avoid this problem during DNA heteroduplex resolution, an additional single guide RNA (sgRNA) is introduced. This sgRNA is designed to match the edited sequence introduced by the pegRNA, b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Abhik Ghosh (Bengali: অভীক ঘোষ) is an Indian inorganic chemist and materials scientist and a professor of chemistry at UiT – The Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Norway. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first synthesis of tropinone was by Richard Willstätter in 1901. It started from the seemingly related cycloheptanone, but required many steps to introduce the nitrogen bridge; the overall yield for the synthesis path is only 0.75%. Willstätter had previously synthesized cocaine from tropinone, in what was the firs... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
According to the extremum principle of thermodynamics and , namely that at equilibrium the entropy is a maximum. This leads to a requirement that . This mathematical criterion expresses a physical condition which Epstein described as follows:
"It is obvious that this middle part, dotted in our curves [the place wher... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Researchers in the field have developed approaches to produce living organs that are constructed with the appropriate biological and mechanical properties. 3D bioprinting is based on three main approaches: biomimicry, autonomous self-assembly and mini-tissue building blocks. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Oswald Helmuth Göhring: Über das neue Element Brevium und Versuche zur Auffindung seiner Isotopen. (About the new element brevium and attempts to locate its isotopes). PhD Thesis, Karlsruhe Technische Hochschule zu Fridericiana, 1914. 58 p.
* K. Fajans and OH Göhring, "Über das Uran X2-das neue Element der Uranreihe.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Elbs reaction is an organic reaction describing the pyrolysis of an ortho methyl substituted benzophenone to a condensed polyaromatic. The reaction is named after its inventor, the German chemist Karl Elbs, also responsible for the Elbs oxidation. The reaction was published in 1884. Elbs however did not correctly ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thioacetic acid is an organosulfur compound with the molecular formula . It is a thioic acid: the sulfur analogue of acetic acid (), as implied by the thio- prefix. It is a yellow liquid with a strong thiol-like odor. It is used in organic synthesis for the introduction of thiol groups () in molecules. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Solid supports for peptide synthesis are selected for physical stability, to permit the rapid filtration of liquids. Suitable supports are inert to reagents and solvents used during SPPS and allow for the attachment of the first amino acid. Swelling is of great importance because peptide synthesis takes place inside t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the late 19th century, scientists experimentally discovered that and do not absorb infrared radiation (called, at that time, "dark radiation"), while water (both as true vapor and condensed in the form of microscopic droplets suspended in clouds) and and other poly-atomic gaseous molecules do absorb infrared radi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In biochemistry, saccharification is a term for denoting any chemical change wherein a monosaccharide molecule remains intact after becoming unbound from another saccharide.
For example, when a carbohydrate is broken into its component sugar molecules by hydrolysis (e.g., sucrose being broken down into glucose and fru... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In cellulose, glycosyl groups link together 1,4-β-D-glucosyl units to form chains of (1,4-β-D-glucosyl).
Other examples include ribityl in 6,7-Dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine, and glycosylamines. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Cathodic reduction of carbon dioxide and anodic oxidation of acetonitrile afford cyanoacetic acid.
* An electrosynthesis employing alternating current prepares phenol at both the cathode and the anode. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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