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Combined sewer systems were common when urban sewerage systems were first developed, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Differences in plant disease resistance are often incremental or quantitative rather than qualitative. The term quantitative resistance (QR) refers to plant disease resistance that is controlled by multiple genes and multiple molecular mechanisms that each have small or minor effects on the overall resistance trait. QR... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Another method of ensuring the ecological health of streams while limiting impacts on human infrastructures is to delineate a corridor within which the stream is expected to migrate over time. This method is based on the concept of minimum intervention within this corridor, whose limits should be determined based on th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When the pipe surface is smooth (the "smooth pipe" curve in Figure 2), the friction factor's variation with Re can be modeled by the Kármán–Prandtl resistance equation for turbulent flow in smooth pipes with the parameters suitably adjusted
The numbers 1.930 and 0.537 are phenomenological; these specific values provide... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Most floral VOCs belong to three main chemical classes. VOCs in the same chemical class are synthesized from a shared precursor, but the biochemical pathway is specific for each VOC and often varies from one plant species to another.
Terpenoids (or isoprenoids) are derived from isoprene and synthesized via the mevalona... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Several software graphic tools will let you create 2D patterns using wallpaper symmetry groups. Usually you can edit the original tile and its copies in the entire pattern are updated automatically.
* [http://www.madpattern.com/ MadPattern], a free set of Adobe Illustrator templates that support the 17 wallpaper groups... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An unstable atomic nucleus with an excess of neutrons may undergo β decay, where a neutron is converted into a proton, an electron, and an electron antineutrino (the antiparticle of the neutrino):
This process is mediated by the weak interaction. The neutron turns into a proton through the emission of a virtual W boson... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Gastrin family is a group of peptides evolutionarily similar in structure and function. Commonly synthesized in antroduodenal G-cells. Regulate gastric function along with gastric acid secretion and mucosal growth.
#Gastrin
#<nowiki/>Cholecystokinin (CCK) | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Alchemy in the medieval Islamic world refers to both traditional alchemy and early practical chemistry (the early chemical investigation of nature in general) by Muslim scholars in the medieval Islamic world. The word alchemy was derived from the Arabic word كيمياء or kīmiyāʾ and may ultimately derive from the ancient ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chemical compounds that come as mirror-image pairs are referred to by chemists as chiral or handed molecules. Each twin is called an enantiomer. Drugs that exhibit handedness are referred to as chiral drugs. Chiral drugs that are equimolar (1:1) mixture of enantiomers are called racemic drugs and these are obviously de... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ninhydrin can be used in Kaiser test to monitor deprotection in solid phase peptide synthesis. The chain is linked via its C-terminus to the solid support, with the N-terminus extending off it. When that nitrogen is deprotected, a ninhydrin test yields blue. Amino-acid residues are attached with their N-terminus protec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alcohol inhibits neuronal excitability through acting on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. Alcohol is often accessible in a number of social situations across many cultures and is frequently connected with uninhibited social activities. Alcohol has been shown in human research to have surprising effects on the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Claus was known for his negligent attitude towards his health. In particular, he often tasted his chemicals and new compounds and tested the strength of the acids by dipping a finger in them and touching his tongue with it. Once he severely burned his mouth while tasting one of the new ruthenium compounds that he had s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Liquid molecules can form a layer around the solid particles and there by enhance the local ordering of the atomic structure at the interface region.hence, the atomic structure of such liquid layer is more ordered than that of the bulk liquid. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Generally speaking for highly expressed genes, translation elongation rates are faster along transcripts with higher codon adaptation to tRNA pools, and slower along transcripts with rare codons. This correlation between codon translation rates and cognate tRNA concentrations provides additional modulation of translati... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photoactivated adenylyl cyclase (PAC) is a protein consisting of an adenylyl cyclase enzyme domain directly linked to a BLUF (blue light receptor using FAD) type light sensor domain. When illuminated with blue light, the enzyme domain becomes active and converts ATP to cAMP, an important second messenger in many cells.... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Metal porphyrin complexes are almost always prepared by direct reaction of a metal halide with the free porphyrin, abbreviated here as HP:
:MCl + HP → M(P)Cl + 2HCl
Two pyrrole protons are lost. The porphyrin dianion is an LX ligand.
These syntheses require somewhat forcing conditions, consistent with the tight... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Achieving Fellow status in the chemical profession denotes to the wider community a high level of accomplishment as a professional chemist. Eligibility for Fellow status applies to applicants who are Members of the Royal Society of Chemistry (MRSC), with a minimum of 5 years professional experience. In addition, they m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An international nonproprietary name (INN) is an official generic and nonproprietary name given to a pharmaceutical drug or an active ingredient. INNs are intended to make communication more precise by providing a unique standard name for each active ingredient, to avoid prescribing errors. The INN system has been coor... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The history of spectroscopy began with Isaac Newton's optics experiments (1666–1672). According to Andrew Fraknoi and David Morrison, "In 1672, in the first paper that he submitted to the Royal Society, Isaac Newton described an experiment in which he permitted sunlight to pass through a small hole and then through a p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Microwave reactors are frequently used for small-scale batch chemistry. However, due to the extremes of temperature and pressure reached in a microwave it is often difficult to transfer these reactions to conventional non-microwave apparatus for subsequent development, leading to difficulties with scaling studies. A fl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Protein Arginine Phosphatase (PAPs), also known as Phosphoarginine Phosphatase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of phosphoarginine residues in proteins. Protein phosphatases (PPs) are "obligatory heteromers" made up of two maximum catalytic subunits attached to a non-catalytic subunit. Arginine modifi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Each chemical species (for example, "water molecules", "sodium ions", "electrons", etc.) has an electrochemical potential (a quantity with units of energy) at any given point in space, which represents how easy or difficult it is to add more of that species to that location. If possible, a species will move from areas ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
ISTD using TCH was developed by Shell Oil Co. in the late 1980s and grew out of research and development for enhanced oil recovery. During the mid-1990s Shell Oil Company commercialized ISTD with an investment of over $30 million. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aerobic fermentation or aerobic glycolysis is a metabolic process by which cells metabolize sugars via fermentation in the presence of oxygen and occurs through the repression of normal respiratory metabolism. Preference of aerobic fermentation over aerobic respiration is referred to as the Crabtree effect in yeast, an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Durrant was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2022 Birthday Honours for services to photochemistry and solar energy research.
*2018: Awarded Hughes Medal by the Royal Society
*2017: Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) for his research contributions in photochemistry of new mate... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In negative-sense MVM genomes, the left-end hairpin is 121 nucleotides in length and exists in a single flip sequence orientation. This telomere is Y-shaped and contains small internal palindromes that fold into the "ears" of the Y, a duplex stem region 43 nucleotides in length that is interrupted by an asymmetric thym... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cobalt-59 nuclear magnetic resonance is a form of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that uses cobalt-59, a cobalt isotope. Co is a nucleus of spin 7/2 and 100% abundancy. The nucleus has a magnetic quadrupole moment. Among all NMR active nuclei, Co has the largest chemical shift range and the chemical shift can b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thalidomide is racemic; while S-thalidomide is the bioactive form of the molecule, the individual enantiomers can racemize to each other due to the acidic hydrogen at the chiral centre, which is the carbon of the glutarimide ring bonded to the phthalimide substituent. The racemization process can occur in vivo. The pro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Starting from the late 1980s, more modern calculations and the lack of spectroscopic evidence reveal that the P 3d contribution is negligible, invalidating the earlier hypothesis. Instead, a charge separated model is generally accepted.
According to this description, the P–N bond is viewed as a very polarised one (betw... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mutagens can cause changes to the DNA and are therefore genotoxic. They can affect the transcription and replication of the DNA, which in severe cases can lead to cell death. The mutagen produces mutations in the DNA, and deleterious mutation can result in aberrant, impaired or loss of function for a particular gene, a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nanoparticles are created by EWM when the ambient gas of the system cools the recently produced vaporous metal. EWM can be used to cheaply and efficiently produce nanoparticles at a rate of 50 – 300 grams per hour and at a purity of above 99%. The process requires a relatively low energy consumption as little energy is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Stable, isolable, diradicals include singlet oxygen and triplet oxygen. Other important diradicals are certain carbenes, nitrenes, and their main group elemental analogues. Lesser known diradicals are nitrenium ions, carbon chains and organic so-called non-Kekulé molecules in which the electrons reside on different car... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Table of the wallpaper groups using the classification of the 2-dimensional space groups:
For each geometric class, the possible arithmetic classes are
* None: no reflection lines
* Along: reflection lines along lattice directions
* Between: reflection lines halfway in between lattice directions
* Both: reflection line... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Media filters are also used for cleaning the effluent from septic tanks and primary settlement tanks. The materials commonly used are sand, peat and natural stone fibre. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The arrangement of the groups in the structure of cubic ZrWO is analogous to the simple NaCl structure, with ZrO octahedra at the Na sites, and WO groups at the Cl sites. The unit cell consists of 44 atoms aligned in a primitive cubic Bravais lattice, with unit cell length 9.15462 Angstroms.
The ZrO octahedra are only ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A frequency comb allows a direct link from radio frequency standards to optical frequencies. Current frequency standards such as atomic clocks operate in the microwave region of the spectrum, and the frequency comb brings the accuracy of such clocks into the optical part of the electromagnetic spectrum. A simple elect... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The fundamental building block of any industrial control system is the control loop, which controls just one process variable. An example is shown in the accompanying diagram, where the flow rate in a pipe is controlled by a PID controller, assisted by what is effectively a cascaded loop in the form of a valve servo-co... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The resistance arises from the prevailing limitations on availability (local concentration) and mobility of the ions whose motion between the electrolyte and the electrode constitutes the faradaic current. The capacitance is that of the capacitor formed by the electrolyte and the electrode, separated by the Debye scre... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lake metabolism represents a lake's balance between carbon fixation (gross primary production) and biological carbon oxidation (ecosystem respiration). Whole-lake metabolism includes the carbon fixation and oxidation from all organism within the lake, from bacteria to fishes, and is typically estimated by measuring cha... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are complexes of RNA and protein present in the cell nucleus during gene transcription and subsequent post-transcriptional modification of the newly synthesized RNA (pre-mRNA). The presence of the proteins bound to a pre-mRNA molecule serves as a signal that the pre-mRN... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mutatochrome (5,8-epoxy-β-carotene) is a carotenoid. It is the predominant carotenoid in the cap of the bolete mushroom Boletus luridus. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Feringa found that the early introduction of chiroptical molecular switches, based on the design of the first chiral overcrowded alkenes and the demonstration of optically controlled molecular switching and amplification of chirality in mesoscopic systems, lead to molecular rotary motors in which chirality plays a crit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1960 Almin was bought by Imperial Aluminium Company (Impalco), a company formed between the Aluminium Company of America (Alcoa) and Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) which incorporated the whole of ICIs aluminium facilities. Impalcos primary interest in buying Almin was to acquire the facilities of International A... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Magnetization transfer (MT), in NMR and MRI, refers to the transfer of nuclear spin polarization and/or spin coherence from one population of nuclei to another population of nuclei, and to techniques that make use of these phenomena. There is some ambiguity regarding the precise definition of magnetization transfer, ho... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Trans-Spliced Exon Coupled RNA End Determination (TEC-RED) is a transcriptomic technique that, like SAGE, allows for the digital detection of messenger RNA sequences. Unlike SAGE, detection and purification of transcripts from the 5’ end of the messenger RNA require the presence of a trans-spliced leader sequence. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cytochromes are proteins that contain iron. They are found in two very different environments.
Some cytochromes are water-soluble carriers that shuttle electrons to and from large, immobile macromolecular structures imbedded in the membrane. The mobile cytochrome electron carrier in mitochondria is cytochrome c. Bacter... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
cOFM (Figure 5) is used to conduct PK/PD preclinical studies in the animal brain. Access to the brain includes monitoring of the blood-brain barrier function and drug transport across the intact blood-brain barrier. cOFM allows taking a look behind the blood-brain barrier and assesses concentrations and effects of neur... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In heterotrimeric G proteins, catalysis of GTP can be assisted by aluminum tetrafluoride () and RGS4. Heterotrimeric G proteins are larger three-part proteins serve in signal transduction of many pathways. The catalytic mechanism for GTP hydrolysis in heterotrimeric G proteins consists of an active state where catalysi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photocatalysts must conform to several key principles in order to be considered effective at water splitting. A key principle is that and evolution should occur in a stoichiometric 2:1 ratio; significant deviation could be due to a flaw in the experimental setup and/or a side reaction, neither of which indicate a rel... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For globular proteins, interior atomic packing (arising from short-range, local interactions) of side-chains has been shown to be pivotal in the structural stabilization of the protein-fold. On the other hand, the electrostatic harmony (non-local, long-range) of the overall fold has also been shown to be essential for ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Non-stop decay (NSD) is a cellular mechanism of mRNA surveillance to detect mRNA molecules lacking a stop codon and prevent these mRNAs from translation. The non-stop decay pathway releases ribosomes that have reached the far 3' end of an mRNA and guides the mRNA to the exosome complex, or to RNase R in bacteria for se... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hofmann was born in Munich in 1903 and the son of the German chemist Karl Andreas Hofmann. He studied chemistry at the Technical University of Berlin and obtained a diploma in 1925. He went on to receive his doctorate in 1926 from his father with the work Glanzkohlenstoff und die Reihe des schwarzen kristallinen Kohlen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many reactions in organometallic chemistry involve insertion of one ligand (L) into a metal-hydride or metal-alkyl/aryl bond. Generally it is the hydride, alkyl, or aryl group that migrates onto L, which is often CO, an alkene, or alkyne. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Campbells mona monkeys also generate alarm calls, but in a different way than vervet monkeys. Instead of having discrete calls for each predator, Campbell monkeys have two distinct types of calls which contain different calls which consist in an acoustic continuum of affixes which change meaning. It has been suggested ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the case of Cs the precursor to this isotope is stable Cs which is formed by the decay of much longer lived xenon and iodine isotopes. No Cs is formed without neutron activation as Xe is a stable isotope. As a result of this different mode of formation the physical location of Cs can differ from that of Cs.
These fi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Microscope-based diagnostics are widely performed and served as a gold standard in histological analysis. However this procedure generally requires a series time-consuming lab-based procedures including fixation, paraffin embedment, sectioning, and staining to produce microscope slides with optically thin tissue slides... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Halo ketones and halo carbonyl compounds in general are synthesized by reaction of carbonyl compounds with sources of X (X = halogen), which is provided using halogens:
:RC(O)CH + X → RC(O)CHX + HX
Specialized sources of electrophilic halogenating agents include N-Bromosuccinimide and 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhyda... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Member of the American Philosophical Society (1902)
*Lowell Lectures (1908)
* Davy Medal (1910)
* Faraday Lectureship (1911)
* Willard Gibbs Medal (1912)
* President of the American Chemical Society (1914)
* Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1914)
* Franklin Medal (1916)
* President of the American Association for the Advanc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Patients usually start progesterone medication after egg (also called oocyte) retrieval. While daily intramuscular injections of progesterone-in-oil (PIO) have been the standard route of administration, PIO injections are not FDA-approved for use in pregnancy. A recent meta-analysis showed that the intravaginal route ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the 5th century BC, Leucippus and his pupil Democritus proposed that all matter was composed of small indivisible particles which they called "atoms". Nothing whatsoever is known about Leucippus except that he was the teacher of Democritus. Democritus, by contrast, wrote prolifically, producing over eighty known tre... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Methylcyclopentadiene is any of three isomeric cyclic dialkenes with the formula CMeH (Me = CH). These isomers are the organic precursor to the methylcyclopentadienyl ligand (CHMe, often denoted as Cp′), commonly found in organometallic chemistry.
As with cyclopentadiene, methylcyclopentadiene is prepared by thermal cr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) is an organic substance that is involved in photosynthesis, notably as the principal acceptor in plants. It is a colourless anion, a double phosphate ester of the ketopentose (ketone-containing sugar with five carbon atoms) called ribulose. Salts of RuBP can be isolated, but its crucia... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Robert Bunsen invented the now-famous Bunsen burner in 1855, which was useful in flame tests due to its non-luminous flame that did not disrupt the colors emitted by the test materials. The Bunsen burner, combined with a prism (filtering the color interference of contaminants), led to the creation of the spectroscope, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Recently, preliminary results reported SNPs as important components of the epigenetic program in organisms. Moreover, cosmopolitan studies in European and South Asiatic populations have revealed the influence of SNPs in the methylation of specific CpG sites. In addition, meQTL enrichment analysis using GWAS database, d... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The pneumatic barrier consists of a perforated pipe and a compressed air source. Air escaping from the pipe provides a "hump" of rising water and air which contains the oil spill. Anchors to keep the pipe in a particular spot are helpful. In case of a density current due to salinity differences the barrier mixes the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For a long time, cyanobacteria were considered incapable of performing non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) as a photoprotective mechanism, relying instead on a mechanism of energy redistribution between the two photosynthetic reaction centers, PSII and PSI, known as "state transitions".
OCP is found in a majority of cyan... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
RACE can provide the sequence of an RNA transcript from a small known sequence within the transcript to the 5 end (5 RACE-PCR) or 3 end (3 RACE-PCR) of the RNA. This technique is sometimes called one-sided PCR or anchored PCR.
The first step in RACE is to use reverse transcription to produce a cDNA copy of a region of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bracken is known to have various biological effects, such as carcinogenicity and its well-defined syndromes in livestock and laboratory animals. Ptaquiloside is proved to be responsible for several of these biological effects, some of which are species specific. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Adverse effects of drospirenone alone occurring in more than 1% of women may include unscheduled menstrual bleeding (breakthrough or intracyclic) (40.3–64.4%), acne (3.8%), metrorrhagia (2.8%), headache (2.7%), breast pain (2.2%), weight gain (1.9%), dysmenorrhea (1.9%), nausea (1.8%), vaginal hemorrhage (1.7%), decrea... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Surprisal analysis is an information-theoretical analysis technique that integrates and applies principles of thermodynamics and maximal entropy. Surprisal analysis is capable of relating the underlying microscopic properties to the macroscopic bulk properties of a system. It has already been applied to a spectrum of d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Typically ranging 1–20 minutes for a broad survey scan that measures the amount of all detectable elements, typically 1–15 minutes for high resolution scan that reveal chemical state differences (for a high signal/noise ratio for count area result often requires multiple sweeps of the region of interest), 1–4 hours for... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In stereochemistry, macrocyclic stereocontrol refers to the directed outcome of a given intermolecular or intramolecular chemical reaction that is governed by the conformational preference of a macrocycle (a molecule containing a ring of 8 or more atoms). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Krische allylation involves “transfer hydrogenative” carbon-carbon bond formations. In a series of papers published in the early 2000s, Krische and coworkers demonstrated that allenes, dienes, and allyl acetates could be converted to transient allylmetal nucleophiles via hydrogenation, transfer hydrogenation or hyd... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
According to the description of an atom interacting with the electromagnetic field, the absorption of light by the atom depends on the frequency of the incident photons. More precisely, the absorption is characterized by a Lorentzian of width Γ/2 (for reference, for common rubidium D-line transitions). If we hav... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The cross-flow or tangential fan, sometimes known as a tubular fan, was patented in 1893 by Paul Mortier, and is used extensively in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), especially in ductless split air conditioners. The fan is usually long relative to its diameter, so the flow remains approximately two-d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The speed of sound in a plasma for the common case that the electrons are hotter than the ions (but not too much hotter) is given by the formula (see here)
where
* m is the ion mass;
* μ is the ratio of ion mass to proton mass ;
* T is the electron temperature;
* Z is the charge state;
* k is Boltzmann constant;
* γ is... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The principal natural phenomena that contribute acid-producing gases to the atmosphere are emissions from volcanoes. Thus, for example, fumaroles from the Laguna Caliente crater of Poás Volcano create extremely high amounts of acid rain and fog, with acidity as high as a pH of 2, clearing an area of any vegetation and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Flotation processes are described in ancient Greek and Persian literature. During the late 19th century, the process basics were discovered through a slow evolutionary phase. During the first decade of the 20th century, a more rapid investigation of oils, froths, and agitation led to proven workplace applications, espe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Life That Glows (also known as David Attenborough’s Light on Earth) is a 2016 British nature documentary programme made for BBC Television, first shown in the UK on BBC Two on 9 May 2016. The programme is presented and narrated by Sir David Attenborough.
Life That Glows depicts the biology and ecology of bioluminescent... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
NMR spectroscopy is often the method of choice for monitoring reaction progress, where substrate consumption and/or product formation may be observed over time from the change of peak integration relative to a non-reactive standard. From the concentration data, the rate of reaction over time may be obtained by taking t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The length of the multiple conjugated double bonds determines their color and photophysics. After absorbing a photon, the carotenoid transfers its excited electron to chlorophyll for use in photosynthesis. Upon absorption of light, carotenoids transfer excitation energy to and from chlorophyll. The singlet-singlet ener... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932, Irène Curie and Frédéric Joliot irradiated aluminium foil with alpha particles, and found that this results in a short-lived radioactive isotope of phosphorus. They noted that positron emission continued after the neutron emissions ceased. Not only had they discovered a ne... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An elementary reaction is a chemical reaction in which one or more chemical species react directly to form products in a single reaction step and with a single transition state. In practice, a reaction is assumed to be elementary if no reaction intermediates have been detected or need to be postulated to describe the r... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Eriochrome Black T is a complexometric indicator that is used in complexometric titrations, e.g. in the water hardness determination process. It is an azo dye. Eriochrome is a trademark of Huntsman Petrochemical, LLC.
In its deprotonated form, Eriochrome Black T is blue. It turns red when it forms a complex with calciu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Replication-defective vectors always contain a "transfer construct". The transfer construct carries the gene to be transduced or "transgene". The transfer construct also carries the sequences which are necessary for the general functioning of the viral genome: packaging sequence, repeats for replication and, when neede... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The curie (symbol Ci) is a non-SI unit of radioactivity originally defined in 1910. According to a notice in Nature at the time, it was to be named in honour of Pierre Curie, but was considered at least by some to be in honour of Marie Curie as well, and is in later literature considered to be named for both.
It was or... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Often in informal, non-technical language, concentration is described in a qualitative way, through the use of adjectives such as "dilute" for solutions of relatively low concentration and "concentrated" for solutions of relatively high concentration. To concentrate a solution, one must add more solute (for example, al... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although the development of transparent wood composites is still at a lab-scale and prototype level, their potential for energy efficiency and operational savings in the building industry are very promising. An essential advantage with transparent wood is its combination of structural and functional performance for loa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Arterial spin labeling utilizes the water molecules circulating with the brain, and using a radiofrequency pulse, tracks the blood water as it circulates throughout the brain. After a period of time in microseconds (enough to allow the blood to circulate through the brain), a label image is captured. A control image is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Foams are commonly made by injecting a gas or mixing a foaming agent into molten metal. Molten metal can be foamed by creating gas bubbles in the material. Normally, bubbles in molten metal are highly buoyant in the high-density liquid and rise quickly to the surface. This rise can be slowed by increasing the viscosity... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When a solution of a substance in one solvent is brought into equilibrium with a second solvent that is immiscible with the first solvent, the dissolved substance may be partitioned between the two solvents. The ratio of concentrations in the two solvents is known as a partition coefficient or distribution coefficient.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Examples of Living Machines are mechanical composters for industrial kitchens, effective microorganisms as fertilizer for agricultural purposes, and Integrated Biotectural systems in landscaping and architecture like Earthships or the IBTS Greenhouse.
Components like tomato plants (for more water purification) and fish... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The term backscatter in photography refers to light from a flash or strobe reflecting back from particles in the lenss field of view causing specks of light to appear in the photo. This gives rise to what are sometimes referred to as orb artifacts'. Photographic backscatter can result from snowflakes, rain or mist, or ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The body of a ChemFET is generally found to be robust. However, the unavoidable requirement for a separate reference electrode makes the system more bulky overall and potentially more fragile. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 4.290. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many UVGI systems use UV wavelengths that can be harmful to humans, resulting in both immediate and long-term effects. Acute impacts on the eyes and skin can include conditions such as photokeratitis (often termed "snow blindness") and erythema (reddening of the skin), while chronic exposure may heighten the risk of sk... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mongo foot refers to the use of the rider's front foot for pushing. Normally, a skateboarder will feel more comfortable using their back foot to push, while their front foot remains on the board. In the minority case of mongo-footed skateboarders, the opposite is true. Some skateboarders who do not push mongo in their ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Animal testing in the research-based pharmaceutical industry has been reduced in recent years both for ethical and cost reasons. However, most research will still involve animal based testing for the need of similarity in anatomy and physiology that is required for diverse product development. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
With Tamás Turányi, Tomlin is coauthor of the book Analysis of Kinetic Reaction Mechanisms (Springer, 2014). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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