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The Geochemical Society is a nonprofit scientific organization founded to encourage the application of chemistry to solve problems involving geology and cosmology. The society promotes understanding of geochemistry through the annual Goldschmidt Conference, publication of a peer-reviewed journal and electronic newslett... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the case of an idealized two-level atom the detailed balance for the emission and absorption which preserves the Planck formula for the black-body radiation leads to equality of cross-section of absorption and emission. In the solid-state lasers the splitting of each of laser levels leads to the broadening which gre... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Diisopinocampheylborane was originally prepared by hydroboration of excess α-pinene with borane,
but it is now more commonly generated from borane-methyl sulfide (BMS).
The compound can be isolated as a solid, but because it is quite sensitive to water and air, it is often generated in situ and used as a solution. Th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The term dilution assay is generally used to designate a special type of bioassay in which one or more preparations (e.g. a drug) are administered to experimental units at different dose levels inducing a measurable biological response. The dose levels are prepared by dilution in a diluent that is inert in respect of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The redox mechanism involves a change in the oxidation state of the catalytic material. In this mechanism, CO is oxidized by an O-atom intrinsically belonging to the catalytic material to form CO. A water molecule undergoes dissociative adsorption at the newly formed O-vacancy to yield two hydroxyls. The hydroxyls disp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In India, the Ayurveda is traditional medicine that emphasizes plant-based treatments, hygiene, and balance in the body's state of being. Indian materia medica included knowledge of plants, where they grow in all season, methods for storage and shelf life of harvested materials. It also included directions for making j... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Exposure to UV radiation is associated with skin aging, wrinkle production, liver spots, loss of skin elasticity, erythema (reddening of the skin), sunburn, photokeratitis (snow blindness), ocular melanoma (eye cancer), and infections. Tanning beds can contain many microbes, some of which are pathogens that can cause s... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A GeneRIF or Gene Reference Into Function is a short (255 characters or fewer) statement about the function of a gene. GeneRIFs provide a simple mechanism for allowing scientists to add to the functional annotation of genes described in the Entrez Gene database. In practice, function is constructed quite broadly. For... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
PBS has many uses because it is isotonic and non-toxic to most cells. These uses include substance dilution and cell container rinsing. PBS with EDTA is also used to disengage attached and clumped cells. Divalent metals such as zinc, however, cannot be added as this will result in precipitation. For these types of app... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hydrochloric acid regeneration or HCl regeneration is a chemical process for the reclamation of bound and unbound HCl from metal chloride solutions such as hydrochloric acid. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test ("ISNT") is a method for measuring the amount of Nitrogen in soil that is available for use by plants as a nutrient. The test predicts whether the addition of nitrogen fertilizer to agricultural land will result in increased crop yields.
Nitrogen is essential for plant development. Indee... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In addition to yttrium, a wide range of rare-earth elements from Nd to Lu, except for Eu, can form REB compounds. Seybolt discovered the compound YB in 1960 and its structure was solved by Richards and Kasper in 1969. They reported that YB has a face-centered cubic structure with space group Fmc (No. 226) and lattice ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fluoroethyl fluoroacetate, or more accurately 2-fluoroethyl fluoroacetate, is an organic compound with the chemical formula . It is the fluoroacetate ester of 2-fluoroethanol, or in other words, the 2-fluoroethyl ester of fluoroacetic acid. 2-Fluoroethyl fluoroacetate is two times more toxic than methyl fluoroacetate. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The thermal entrance length is the distance for incoming flow in a pipe to form a temperature profile with a stable shape. The shape of the fully developed temperature profile is determined by temperature and heat flux conditions along the inside wall of the pipe, as well as fluid properties. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In chemistry and particularly biochemistry, an energy-rich species (usually energy-rich molecule) or high-energy species (usually high-energy molecule) is a chemical species which reacts, potentially with other species found in the environment, to release chemical energy.
In particular, the term is often used for:
* ad... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Raoults law is a phenomenological relation that assumes ideal behavior based on the simple microscopic assumption that intermolecular forces between unlike molecules are equal to those between similar molecules, and that their molar volumes are the same: the conditions of an ideal solution. This is analogous to the ide... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Consider the case of a solid sphere moving in a stationary liquid with a constant velocity.
The liquid is modeled as an incompressible fluid (i.e. with constant density), and being stationary means that its velocity tends towards zero as the distance from the sphere approaches infinity.
For a real body there will be a ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For a planet around another star, (the incident stellar flux on the planet) is not a readily measurable quantity. To find the equilibrium temperature of such a planet, it may be useful to approximate the host star's radiation as a blackbody as well, such that:
The luminosity () of the star, which can be measured from o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Glass properties and glass behavior during production can be calculated through statistical analysis of glass databases such as GE-SYSTEM
SciGlass and Interglad,
sometimes combined with the finite element method. For estimating the melting enthalpy thermodynamic databases are used. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
These photosystems are light-driven redox centers, each consisting of an antenna complex that uses chlorophylls and accessory photosynthetic pigments such as carotenoids and phycobiliproteins to harvest light at a variety of wavelengths. Each antenna complex has between 250 and 400 pigment molecules and the energy they... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
On a phase space and over a time interval , consider a non-autonomous dynamical system defined through the flow map , mapping initial conditions into their position for any time . If the flow map is a diffeomorphism for any choice of , then for any smooth set of initial conditions in , the set
is an invariant man... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many biological proteins and enzymes can possess more than one binding site.
Usually, when a ligand binds with a macromolecule , it can influence binding kinetics of other ligands binding to the macromolecule.
A simplified mechanism can be formulated if the affinity of all binding sites can be considered independent ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction is one of several oscillating chemical systems, whose common element is the inclusion of bromine and an acid. An essential aspect of the BZ reaction is its so-called "excitability" — under the influence of stimuli, patterns develop in what would otherwise be a perfectly quiescent m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Margot Dorenfeldt (1895–1986) was the first woman to graduate from Norwegian Institute of Technology (1919) and specialized in inorganic chemistry and electrochemistry. She published several papers in radiochemistry. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 2 (2p13.2) on the plus (Watson) strand. It is 224,161 bases in length organised into 23 exons. The encoded protein has 4,167 amino acids and molecular weight of 460,937 Da. Three isoforms are known. The protein itself has a large tandem-repeat domain comprising 34 impe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A nickel sulfide inclusion, (also abbreviated to NiS), occurs during the process of manufacturing float glass (normal window glass). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This method starts with a solution of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid. To this a solution containing potassium iodide, sodium thiosulfate, and starch is added. There are two reactions occurring simultaneously in the solution.
In the first, slow reaction, iodine is produced:
In the second, fast reaction, iodine is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In geometry, Hermann–Mauguin notation is used to represent the symmetry elements in point groups, plane groups and space groups. It is named after the German crystallographer Carl Hermann (who introduced it in 1928) and the French mineralogist Charles-Victor Mauguin (who modified it in 1931). This notation is sometimes... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Taylor column is an imaginary cylinder projected above and below a real cylinder that has been placed parallel to the rotation axis (anywhere in the flow, not necessarily in the center). The flow will curve around the imaginary cylinders just like the real due to the Taylor–Proudman theorem, which states that the f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organic chemistry an enol ether is an alkene with an alkoxy substituent. The general structure is RC=CR-OR where R = H, alkyl or aryl. A common subfamily of enol ethers are vinyl ethers, with the formula ROCH=CH. Important enol ethers include the reagent 3,4-dihydropyran and the monomers methyl vinyl ether and ethyl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Here the solvent travels up the chromatographic paper. Both descending and ascending paper chromatography are used for the separation of organic and inorganic substances.
The sample and solvent move upward. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The atmosphere contains three main gases, namely oxygen, carbon dioxide (CO) and nitrogen. In the atmosphere, oxygen is 20%, nitrogen is 79% and CO is 0.15% to 0.65% by volume. CO increases with the increase in the depth of soil because of decomposition of accumulated organic matter and abundance of plant roots. The pr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The process of forming diazonium compounds is called "diazotation", "diazoniation", or "diazotization". The reaction was first reported by Peter Griess in 1858, who subsequently discovered several reactions of this new class of compounds. Most commonly, diazonium salts are prepared by treatment of aromatic amines with ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pierre Curie ( , ; 15 May 1859 – 19 April 1906) was a French physicist, a pioneer in crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectricity, and radioactivity. In 1903, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics with his wife, Marie Skłodowska–Curie, and Henri Becquerel, "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have render... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Different 2A peptides have different efficiencies of self-cleaving, T2A and P2A being the most and F2A the least efficient. Therefore, up to 50% of F2A-linked proteins can remain in the cell as a fusion protein, which might cause some unpredictable outcomes, including a gain of function. One study reported that 2A site... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The zone rouge (English: red zone) is a chain of non-contiguous areas throughout northeastern France that the French government isolated after the First World War. The land, which originally covered more than , was deemed too physically and environmentally damaged by conflict for human habitation. Rather than attempt t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
All-trans-retinal is also an essential component of microbial opsins such as bacteriorhodopsin, channelrhodopsin, and halorhodopsin, which are important in bacterial and archaeal anoxygenic photosynthesis. In these molecules, light causes the all-trans-retinal to become 13-cis retinal, which then cycles back to all-tr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Bessemer Gold Medal is awarded annually by the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (IOM3) "for outstanding services to the steel industry, to the inventor or designer of any significant innovation in the process employed in the manufacture of steel, or for innovation in the use of steel in the manufacturing... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1903, Ludwig Roselius popularized the use of benzene to decaffeinate coffee. This discovery led to the production of Sanka. This process was later discontinued. Benzene was historically used as a significant component in many consumer products such as liquid wrench, several paint strippers, rubber cements, spot remo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photon energy is transferred to matter in a two-step process. First, energy is transferred to charged particles in the medium through various photon interactions (e.g. photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, pair production, and photodisintegration). Next, these secondary charged particles transfer their energy to th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Saliva moistens and softens food, and along with the chewing action of the teeth, transforms the food into a smooth bolus. The bolus is further helped by the lubrication provided by the saliva in its passage from the mouth into the esophagus. Also of importance is the presence in saliva of the digestive enzymes amylase... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Greenhouse gases exist in many atmospheres, creating greenhouse effects on Mars, Titan and particularly in the thick atmosphere of Venus. While Venus has been described as the ultimate end state of runaway greenhouse effect, such a process would have virtually no chance of occurring from any increases in greenhouse gas... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
PCET is thought to be pervasive. Important examples include water oxidation in photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, oxygen reduction reaction, and the function of hydrogenases. These processes are relevant to respiration. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
On June 20, 2017, the United States Postal Service released the first application of thermochromic ink to postage stamps in its Total Eclipse of the Sun Forever stamp to commemorate the solar eclipse of August 21, 2017. When pressed with a finger, body heat turns the black circle in the center of the stamp into an imag... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
G stimulates the membrane-bound phospholipase C beta, which then cleaves PIP (a minor membrane phosphoinositol) into two second messengers, IP3 and diacylglycerol (DAG).
The Inositol Phospholipid Dependent Pathway is used as a signal transduction pathway for many hormones including:
* ADH (Vasopressin/AVP) – Induces th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 2021, dextrorphan was identified in >75% of sludge samples taken from 12 wastewater treatment plants in California. The same study associated dextrorphan with estrogenic activity by using predictive modelling, before observing it in in vitro. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Linear expansion means change in one dimension (length) as opposed to change in volume (volumetric expansion).
To a first approximation, the change in length measurements of an object due to thermal expansion is related to temperature change by a coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE). It is the fractional chan... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
SOCS are negative regulators of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. SOCS have also been implicated in the regulation of cytokines, growth factors, and tumor suppression. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
pRb has the ability to reversibly inhibit DNA replication through transcriptional repression of DNA replication factors. pRb is able to bind to transcription factors in the E2F family and thereby inhibit their function. When pRb is chronically activated, it leads to the downregulation of the necessary DNA replication f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hattori argued that the prevailing view for volcano formation in arcs ic arc formation, that water is released rapidly from subducting slabs when they are metamorphosed to eclogite facies, is inconsistent with geological evidence. Instead, she proposed an alternative mechanism, suggesting that water is continuously rel... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The construction of closed impellers includes additional back and front walls on both sides of vanes that enhances its strength. This also reduces the thrust load on the shaft, increasing bearing life and reliability and reducing shafting cost. However, this more complicated design, including the use of additional wear... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ortho-, pyro-, and tripolyphosphate compounds have been commonly used in detergents (i. e. cleaners) formulations. For example, see Sodium tripolyphosphate. Sometimes pyrophosphate, tripolyphosphate, tetrapolyphosphate, etc. are called diphosphate, triphosphate, tetraphosphate, etc., especially when they are part of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Metreleptin is being investigated for the treatment of diabetes and/or hypertriglyceridemia, in patients with rare forms of lipodystrophy, syndromes characterized by abnormalities in adipose tissue distribution, and severe metabolic abnormalities. The FDA approved Metreleptin injection for treating complications of lep... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dielectric constants are not the only measure of polarity. Because solvents are used by chemists to carry out chemical reactions or observe chemical and biological phenomena, more specific measures of polarity are required. Most of these measures are sensitive to chemical structure.
The Grunwald–Winstein mY scale measu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Magnesium and vitamin D have a synergistic relationship in the body, meaning they work together to optimize each other's functions:
* Magnesium activates vitamin D
* Vitamin D influences magnesium absorption.
* Bone health: They play crucial roles in calcium absorption and bone metabolism.
* Muscle function: They contr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Strouhal number and Reynolds number must be considered when addressing the ideal method to develop a body made to move through a fluid. Furthermore, the relationship for these values is expressed through Lighthill's elongated-body theory, which relates the reactive forces experienced by a body moving through a flui... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
2,4,6-Triisopropylbenzenesulfonyl azide (trisyl azide) is an organic chemical used as a reagent to supply azide for electrophilic amination reactions, such as for the asymmetric synthesis of unnatural amino acids. Introduction of an azide on the α carbon of carboxylic acid derivative using trisyl azide is an efficient ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
SMB provides lower production cost by requiring less column volume, less chromatographic separation media ("packing" or "stationary phase"), using less solvent and less energy, and requiring far less labor.
At industrial scale an SMB chromatographic separator is operated continuously, requiring less resin and less solv... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pyruvate kinase type M2 or PKM2 is present in embryonic, adult stem cells. It is also expressed by many tumor cells. The alterations to metabolism by PKM2 increases ATP resources, stimulates macromolecular biosynthesis and redox control. Pyruvate kinase catalyses the ATP-generating step of glycolysis in which phosphoen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Plant biochemistry encompasses the chemical reactions that occur within plants. In principle, knowledge at a molecular level informs technologies for providing food. Particular focus is on the biochemical differences between plants and other organisms as well as the differences within the plant kingdom, such as dicotyl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The transparent window, on to which the sample is deposited, is usually cooled using a compressed helium or similar refrigerant. Experiments must be performed under a high vacuum to prevent contaminants from unwanted gases freezing to the cold window. Lower temperatures are preferred, due to the improved rigidity and "... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A demonstration-scale Fischer–Tropsch plant was built and operated by Rentech, Inc., in partnership with ClearFuels, a company specializing in biomass gasification. Located in Commerce City, Colorado, the facility produces about of fuels from natural gas. Commercial-scale facilities were planned for Rialto, California... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Such materials include semiconductors that can be photoactivated like many solar cells, biological systems such as those used in photosynthesis, and small molecules with suitable absorptions and redox states. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dihydrobiopterin (BH) is a pteridine compound produced in the synthesis of L-DOPA, dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine and epinephrine. It is restored to the required cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin by dihydrobiopterin reductase. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Solid-state processes do not involve melting or evaporating the material and are typically done at relatively low temperatures. Examples of solid state processes include mechanical alloying using a high-energy ball mill and certain types of severe plastic deformation processes. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The below list is not exhaustive, but here are some examples of popular cyclic corrosion test standards,
*[https://webstd.volvo.com/webstd/docs/1027,149 ACT 1] (Volvo)
*[https://webstd.volvo.com/webstd/docs/1027,1449 ACT 2] (Volvo)
*CETP 00.00-L-467 (Ford)
*D17 2028 (Renault)
*JASO M 609
*SAE J 2334
*VDA 621-415 | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Another everyday example of Plateau–Rayleigh instability occurs in urination, particularly standing male urination. The stream of urine experiences instability after about 15 cm (6 inches), breaking into droplets, which causes significant splash-back on impacting a surface. By contrast, if the stream contacts a surface... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An STR multiplex system is used to identify specific short tandem repeats (STRs). STR polymorphisms are genetic markers that may be used to identify a DNA sequence.
The FBI analyses 13 specific STR loci for their database. These may be used in many areas of genetics in addition to their forensic uses.
One can think of ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Industrial processes, such as oil refining, steel making or glass making are major sources of waste heat. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Biopolymers are natural polymers produced by the cells of living organisms. Like other polymers, biopolymers consist of monomeric units that are covalently bonded in chains to form larger molecules. There are three main classes of biopolymers, classified according to the monomers used and the structure of the biopolyme... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mackenzie’s family moved to Victoria, British Columbia when he was age 10. He received his Bachelors degree and Masters degree from the University of British Columbia, and began further study at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1937. As a graduate student, Kenneth Ross Mackenzie was involved in the Manhattan ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The anomeric effect is taken into consideration synthetically. Due to its discovery in sugars, sugar and carbohydrate chemistry is one of the more common synthetic uses of the anomeric effect. For instance, the Koenigs-Knorr glycosidation installs an α-OR or β-OR group in high diastereoselectivity which is effected by ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
CDI can be prepared straightforwardly by the reaction of phosgene with four equivalents of imidazole under anhydrous conditions. Removal of the side product, imidazolium chloride, and solvent results in the crystalline product in ~90% yield.
:4 CHN + C(O)Cl → (CHN)CO + 2 [CHNH]Cl
In this conversion, the imidazo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Herriott cell first appeared in 1965 when Donald R. Herriott and Harry J. Schulte published Folded Optical Delay Lines while at Bell Laboratories. The Herriott cell is made up of two opposing spherical mirrors. A hole is machined into one of the mirrors to allow the input and output beams to enter and exit the cavi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The natural ventilation flow rate for buoyancy-driven natural ventilation with vents at two different heights can be estimated with this equation:
:English units:
:SI units: | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In inorganic chemistry, metal–metal bonds describe attractive interactions between metal centers. The simplest examples are found in bimetallic complexes. Metal–metal bonds can be "supported", i.e. be accompanied by one or more bridging ligands, or "unsupported". They can also vary according to bond order. The topic... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sigma non-innocence is a special form of non-innocence, an oxidation characteristic in metal complexes. It is mainly discussed in coordination complexes of late transition metals in their high formal oxidation states. Complexes exhibiting sigma non-innocence differ from classical Werner coordination complexes in that t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Polyaniline nanofibers have been shown to be incredibly successful as chemical sensors, as they perform better than conventional polyaniline films in numerous tests. This performance difference has been attributed to their high surface area, porosity, and small diameters which enhance diffusion of materials through the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
White etching cracks (WECs), first reported in 1996, are cracks that can form in the microstructure of bearing steel, leading to the development of a network of branched white cracks. They are usually observed in bearings that have failed due to rolling contact fatigue or accelerated rolling contact fatigue. These crac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
During a normal Space Shuttle launch, for example, max value of 0.32 atmospheres occurred at an altitude of approximately , about one minute after launch. The three Space Shuttle Main Engines were throttled back to about 65–72% of their rated thrust (depending on payload) as the dynamic pressure approached max ; combi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In ecology, base-richness is the level of chemical bases in water or soil, such as calcium or magnesium ions. Many organisms<nowiki/> prefer base-rich environments. Chemical bases are alkalis, hence base-rich environments are either neutral or alkaline. Because acid-rich environments have few bases, they are dominate... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Each of the components of the bioretention area is designed to perform a specific function. The grass buffer strip reduces incoming runoff velocity and filters particulates from the runoff. The sand bed also reduces the velocity, filters particulates, and spreads flow over the length of the bioretention area. Aeration ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The law of heat conduction, also known as Fourier's law, states that the rate of heat transfer through a material is proportional to the negative gradient in the temperature and to the area, at right angles to that gradient, through which the heat flows. We can state this law in two equivalent forms: the integral form,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An uncoupling protein (UCP) is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that is a regulated proton channel or transporter. An uncoupling protein is thus capable of dissipating the proton gradient generated by NADH-powered pumping of protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the mitochondrial intermembrane space. The energ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Dicloxacillin is contraindicated in those with a previous history of allergy (hypersensitivity/anaphylactic reaction) to any penicillins. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While there is no enrichment of S between trophic levels, the stable isotope can be useful in distinguishing benthic vs. pelagic producers and marsh vs. phytoplankton producers. Similar to C, it can also help distinguish between different phytoplankton as the key primary producers in food webs. The differences between ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Replikins are a group of peptides, whose increase in concentration in virus or other organism proteins is associated with rapid replication. It is often measured in number of replikins per 100 amino acids. This particular group of peptides have been found to play a significant role in predicting both infectivity and le... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
HeAR is expressed by Halorubrum ejinorense. The organism was first isolated from Lake Ejinor in Inner Mongolia, China. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When ethanol is present, PLD substitutes ethanol for water and covalently attaching the alcohol as the head group of the phospholipid; hence the name phosphatidylethanol. Normally PLD incorporates water to generate phosphatidic acid (PA); the process is termed transphosphatidylation. PLD continues to generate PA in the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The project was announced in 2014. The name and design were inspired by the fictional arc reactor built by Tony Stark, who attended MIT in the comic books.
The concept was born as "a project undertaken by a group of MIT students in a fusion design course. The ARC design was intended to show the capabilities of the new ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As the name suggests, hepatocyte nuclear factors are expressed predominantly in the liver. However HNFs are also expressed and play important roles in a number of other tissues so that the name hepatocyte nuclear factor is somewhat misleading. Nevertheless, the liver is the only tissue in which a significant number o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The diffuse series is a series of spectral lines in the atomic emission spectrum caused when electrons jump between the lowest p orbital and d orbitals of an atom. The total orbital angular momentum changes between 1 and 2. The spectral lines include some in the visible light, and may extend into ultraviolet or near in... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Surface modification makes paper hydrophobic and oleophilic. This combination allows ink oil to penetrate the paper, but prevents dampening water absorption, which increases papers printability.
Three different plasma-solid interactions are used: etching/ablation, plasma activation, and plasma coating. Etching or ablat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Diphoterine solution contains an amphoteric, chelating molecule: a substance which is capable of reacting with both acids and alkalis when applied to either type of chemical spill, stopping the aggressive action of a corrosive or irritant chemical, halting the reaction with the body.
However, it is not fully effective ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency (NCCAH) is a milder and late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Its prevalence rate in different ethnic groups varies from 1 in to 1 in . Some people affected by the condition have no relevant signs and symptoms, while others experienc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In crystallography, a fractional coordinate system (crystal coordinate system) is a coordinate system in which basis vectors used to the describe the space are the lattice vectors of a crystal (periodic) pattern. The selection of an origin and a basis define a unit cell, a parallelotope (i.e., generalization of a paral... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Germann was born in Peru, Miami County, Indiana, the second child of Mary Fredericke Mueller (1864–1942) and Gustave Adolph Germann (1860–1940). His only sibling was Albert Fredrick Ottomar Germann (1886–1976), who was also a physical chemist. Frank Germann graduated from Peru High School in 1906. He received the A.B. ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* O. K. Berdiev
* I. N. Khlopin
* Boris Kuftin
* Gorislava Nikolaevna Lisit︠s︡yna
* Mikhail Evgenievich Masson
* Vadim Mikhailovich Masson
* G. E. Markov
* Alexey Okladnikov
* Viktor Sarianidi | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Biomass energy can be produced from combustion of waste green material to heat water into steam and drive a steam turbine. Bioenergy can also be processed through a range of temperatures and pressures in gasification, pyrolysis or torrefaction reactions. Depending on the desired end product, these reactions create more... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One classical bioassay is the Ames test. A strain of Salmonella that requires histidine to grow is put on two plates with growth medium containing minimal amounts of histidine and some rat liver extract (to mimick liver metabolism). A suspected mutagen is added to one plate. If the plate with the suspected mutagen grow... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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