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Modulating the pyrimidine metabolism pharmacologically has therapeutical uses, and could implement in cancer treatment.
Pyrimidine synthesis inhibitors are used in active moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, as well as in multiple sclerosis. Examples include Leflunomide and Teriflunomide (th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Polyadenylation is the covalent linkage of a polyadenylyl moiety to a messenger RNA molecule. In eukaryotic organisms most messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules are polyadenylated at the 3' end, but recent studies have shown that short stretches of uridine (oligouridylation) are also common. The poly(A) tail and the protein b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When compounded with fibers, thermosetting resins form fiber-reinforced polymer composites, which are used in the fabrication of factory-finished structural composite OEM or replacement parts, and as site-applied, cured and finished composite repair and protection materials. When used as the binder for aggregates and o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dioxiranes are derivatives of this parent in which the hydrogens are replaced by other groups. Difluorodioxirane, which boils at about –80 to –90 °C, is one of the very few dioxirane derivatives that is stable in pure form at room temperature and is thermodynamically stable (ΔH° = –104 kcal/mol). Dimesityldioxirane is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The discovery that the β chemokines RANTES, MIP (macrophage inflammatory proteins) 1α and 1β (now known as CCL5, CCL3 and CCL4 respectively) suppress HIV-1 provided the initial connection and indicated that these molecules might control infection as part of immune responses in vivo, and that sustained delivery of such ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Micromatabilin, the green pigment of the spider species Micrommata virescens, is characterized as a mixture of biliverdin conjugates. The two isolated fractions have identical absorption bands (free base: 620–630 μm, hydrochloride: 690 μm, zinc complex: 685–690 μm). Chromic acid degradation yields imides I, II, IIIa, a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor is a variant of the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket digestion (UASB) concept for anaerobic wastewater treatment. The distinguishing feature is that a faster rate of upward-flow velocity is designed for the wastewater passing through the sludge bed. The increased flux perm... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Supercritical carbon dioxide is also emerging as a useful high-temperature refrigerant, being used in new, CFC/HFC-free domestic heat pumps making use of the transcritical cycle. These systems are undergoing continuous development with supercritical carbon dioxide heat pumps already being successfully marketed in Asia.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When the adhesion is stronger than the cohesion, fewer liquid particles turn into vapor thereby lowering the vapor pressure and leading to negative deviation in the graph.
For example, the system of chloroform (CHCl) and acetone (CHCOCH) has a negative deviation from Raoults law, indicating an attractive interaction be... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the mid-1960s, the role of tRNA in protein synthesis was being intensively studied. At this point, ribosomes had been implicated in protein synthesis, and it had been shown that an mRNA strand was necessary for the formation of these structures. In a 1964 publication, Warner and Rich showed that ribosomes active i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Bisphosphonates are an important class of drugs originally commercialised in the mid to late 20th century. They are used for the treatment of osteoporosis and other bone disorders that cause bone fragility and diseases where bone resorption is excessive. Osteoporosis is common in post-menopausal women and patients in c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Surface diffusion is a general process involving the motion of adatoms, molecules, and atomic clusters (adparticles) at solid material surfaces. The process can generally be thought of in terms of particles jumping between adjacent adsorption sites on a surface, as in figure 1. Just as in bulk diffusion, this motion is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
;Aldehydes and ketones
Polymeric hydrosilanes, such as polymethylhydrosiloxane (PHMS), may be employed to facilitate separation of the reduced products from silicon-containing byproducts.
Enantioselective reductions of ketones may be accomplished through the use of catalytic amounts of chiral transition metal complexes... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Spinal neurons that pass over to the opposite side of the spinal cord.
* A protein complex that contains two or more different polypeptides. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ann E. McDermott is an American biophysicist who uses nuclear magnetic resonance to study the structure, function, and dynamics of proteins in native-like environments. She is currently the Esther Breslow Professor of Biological Chemistry and Chair of the Educational Policy and Planning Committee of the Arts and Scienc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most imaging tests have not been able to localize recurrent prostate cancer when the PSA is mildly increased. Axumin scans were compared to [C]-tagged choline PET scans, another FDA approved PET scan that can assist in this situation, and to biopsy results. Fluciclovine tagged PET scans appear to more sensitive than CT... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Japanese program in the late 1980s concentrated on closed-cycle MHD. The belief was that it would have higher efficiencies, and smaller equipment, especially in the clean, small, economical plant capacities near 100 megawatts (electrical) which are suited to Japanese conditions. Open-cycle coal-powered plants are g... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The ISASMELT process began with the invention in 1973 of the Sirosmelt lance by Drs Bill Denholm and John Floyd at the CSIRO. The lance was developed as a result of investigations into improved tin-smelting processes, in which it was found that the use of a top-entry submerged lance would result in greater heat transfe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Oct-2 (octamer-binding protein 2) also known as POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POU2F2 gene.
Oct-2 is an octamer transcription factor which is a member of the POU family. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ankaramite is volcanic rock type of mafic composition. It is a dark porphyritic variety of basanite containing abundant pyroxene and olivine phenocrysts. It contains minor amounts of plagioclase and accessory biotite, apatite, and iron oxides.
Its type locality is Ankaramy in Madagascar. It was first described in 1916.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mechanical lysis involves the use of physical force, such as grinding or sonication, to break down bacterial cells and release the plasmid DNA. There are several different mechanical lysis methods that can be used, including French press, bead-beating, and ultrasonication. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the panel it is shown an example of the working principle of a Mott detector, supposing a value for . If an electron beam with a 3:1 ratio of spin-up over spin-down electrons collide with the target, it will be splitted with a ratio 5:3, according to previous equation, with an asymmetry of 25%. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some companion plants help prevent pest insects or pathogenic fungi from damaging the crop, through their production of aromatic volatile chemicals, another type of allelopathy. For example, the smell of the foliage of marigolds is claimed to deter aphids from feeding on neighbouring plants. A 2005 study found that oil... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Transmission of electric discharge through a glass tube with quartz windows containing a mixture of nitrogen and sulfur vapor (rigorously free of oxygen) results in the spectrum of emitted light gaining bands consistent with the formation of NS.
Passing a mixture of gaseous N and SCl through the side arm of an absorpti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Leonard P. Guarente is recognized as the leading proponent of the hypothesis that caloric restriction slows aging by activation of Sirtuins.
STACs have been discovered by Konrad Howitz of Biomol Inc and biologist David Sinclair. In September 2003, Howitz and Sinclair et al. published a highly cited paper reporting that... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The biosynthesis of asparagine originates with aspartate using a transaminase enzyme. The enzyme asparagine synthetase produces asparagine, AMP, glutamate, and pyrophosphate from aspartate, glutamine, and ATP. In the asparagine synthetase reaction, ATP is used to activate aspartate, forming β-aspartyl-AMP. Glutamine... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mass spectrometry measures mass-to-charge ratio of molecules using electric and magnetic fields. There are several ionization methods: electron ionization, chemical ionization, electrospray, fast atom bombardment, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, and others. Also, mass spectrometry is categorized by approac... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*Go Down Old Hannah: the Living History of African American Texans Naomi Mitchell Carrier
*They Dance Alone Christine LeVeaux (2005)
*Harlem Renaissance by Ella O. Williams
*National Medical Association journal covers
**Summer 2007, Volume 99, Number 12
**December 2008, Volume 100, Number 12
**January 2010, Volume 1... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Edward Harrison Memorial Prize (1932)
* Tilden Lecture to the Chemical Society (1942)
* Fellow of the Royal Society (1946)
* Liversidge Award (1954)
* Alfred Stock Memorial Prize and medal of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (1954)
* Commander of the Order of the British Empire (1958)
* Davy Medal of the Royal Soc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The hydrogenation of alkenes to alkanes is exothermic. The amount of energy released during a hydrogenation reaction, known as the heat of hydrogenation, is inversely related to the stability of the starting alkene: the more stable the alkene, the lower its heat of hydrogenation. Examining the heats of hydrogenation fo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The earliest sources of tin in the Early Bronze Age in the Near East are still unknown and the subject of much debate in archaeology.) Possibilities include minor now-depleted sources in the Near East, trade from Central Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, or elsewhere.
It is possible that as early as 2500 BC, the Ore Mo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics, the Darcy–Weisbach equation is an empirical equation that relates the head loss, or pressure loss, due to friction along a given length of pipe to the average velocity of the fluid flow for an incompressible fluid. The equation is named after Henry Darcy and Julius Weisbach. Currently, there is no fo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cefuroxime is generally well tolerated, and its side effects are usually transient. If ingested after food, this antibiotic is both better absorbed and less likely to cause its most common side effects of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headaches/migraines, dizziness, and abdominal pain compared to most antibiotics in its ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Levonorgestrel is marketed alone or in combination with an estrogen (specifically ethinylestradiol, estradiol, or estradiol valerate) under a multitude of brand names throughout the world, including Alesse, Altavera, Alysena, Amethia, Amethyst, Ashlyna, Aviane, Camrese, Chateal, Climara Pro, Cycle 21, Daysee, Emerres, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The most important aliphatic compounds are:
* n-, iso- and cyclo-alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons)
* n-, iso- and cyclo-alkenes and -alkynes (unsaturated hydrocarbons).
Important examples of low-molecular aliphatic compounds can be found in the list below (sorted by the number of carbon-atoms): | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transfer RNA (tRNA) helps decode a messenger RNA sequence into a protein. They function at specific sites within the ribosome during translation (the process going from code to protein). Within the mRNA molecule we have three nucleotides in length codons. These codons all have a unique universal code which represents a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Germanium Detector Array (GERDA) collaboration's result of phase I of the detector was a limit of years (90% C.L.). It used germanium both as source and detector material. Liquid argon was used for muon vetoing and as a shielding from background radiation. The -value of for 0νββ decay is 2039 keV, but no excess o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One of Robinsons primary research interests is environmental chemistry, including the detection of trace elements in environmental matrices by nuclear methods. In 1991, while at ORNL, Robinson was a participant in a well-publicized investigation into the cause of the death of 19th-century U.S. President Zachary Taylor... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
High-spin metal complexes have singly occupied orbitals and may not have any empty orbitals into which ligands could donate electron density. In general, there are few or no π-acidic ligands in the complex. These singly occupied orbitals can combine with the singly occupied orbitals of radical ligands (e.g., oxygen), ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
FIA is an automated method of chemical analysis in which a sample is injected into a flowing carrier solution that mixes with reagents before reaching a detector. Over past 30 years, FIA techniques developed into a wide array of applications using spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectros... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The additional radioactivity in the biosphere caused by human activity due to the releases of man-made radioactivity and of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) can be divided into several classes.
# Normal licensed releases which occur during the regular operation of a plant or process handling man-made ra... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A reactive center, also called a propagating center, in chemistry is a particular location, usually an atom, within a chemical compound that is the likely center of a reaction in which the chemical is involved. In chain-growth polymer chemistry, this is also the point of propagation for a growing chain. The reactive ce... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In polymer chemistry, reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRPs) are members of the class of reversible-deactivation polymerizations which exhibit much of the character of living polymerizations, but cannot be categorized as such as they are not without chain transfer or chain termination reactions.
Sever... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dialysis tubing, also known as Visking tubing, is an artificial semi-permeable membrane tubing used in separation techniques, that facilitates the flow of tiny molecules in solution based on differential diffusion.
In the context of life science research, dialysis tubing is typically used in the sample clean-up and pr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Atta-ur-Rahman has been selected as one of the 500 most influential personalities of the Islamic World. Institutions have been named after Rahman in China, the Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns) in Malaysia and the Academician Professor Atta-ur-Rahman One Belt and One Road TCM Research Cent... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The types of spectroscopy are distinguished by the type of radiative energy involved in the interaction. In many applications, the spectrum is determined by measuring changes in the intensity or frequency of this energy. The types of radiative energy studied include:
* Electromagnetic radiation was the first source of ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* The trace of the correlation tensor reduces to
* The homogeneity condition implies that both and are even functions of and . | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Alternative protein assays include:
* Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy
* RGBradford
* Biuret protein assay
* Lowry protein assay
* BCA protein assay
* Amido black protein assay
* Colloidal gold protein assay | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In scientific visualization, image-based flow visualization (or visualisation) is a computer modelling technique developed by Jarke van Wijk to visualize two dimensional flows of liquids such as water and air, like the wind movement of a tornado. Compared with integration techniques it has the advantage of producing a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sewage treatment is less effective when sanitary waste is diluted with stormwater, and combined sewer overflows occur when runoff from heavy rainfall or snowmelt exceeds the hydraulic capacity of sewage treatment plants. To overcome these disadvantages, some cities built separate sanitary sewers to collect only municip... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, a benzylidene acetal is the functional group with the structural formula CHCH(OR) (R = alkyl, aryl). Benzylidene acetals are used as protecting groups in glycochemistry. These compounds can also be oxidized to carboxylic acids in order to open important biological molecules, such as glycosaminog... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The use of monoclonal antibodies for therapy is now widespread for treatment of cancers and inflammatory diseases. Using cellulose sulphate technology, scientists have successfully encapsulated antibody producing hybridoma cells and demonstrated subsequent release of the therapeutic antibody from the capsules. The caps... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pioneer factors are transcription factors that can directly bind condensed chromatin. They can have positive and negative effects on transcription and are important in recruiting other transcription factors and histone modification enzymes as well as controlling DNA methylation. They were first discovered in 2002 as ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Guha Research Conference (GRC) is a professional society set up by Indian scholars to develop the field of Biochemistry. It was established in 1960, and is named after Biresh Chandra Guha (1904-1962).
The first four GRC meetings were held alongside the annual conference of the Indian Science Congress. Subsequently, und... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Snf3 is a protein which regulates glucose uptake in yeast. It senses glucose in the environment with high affinity. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cefamandole (INN, also known as cephamandole) is a second-generation broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic. The clinically used form of cefamandole is the formate ester cefamandole nafate, a prodrug which is administered parenterally. Cefamandole is no longer available in the United States.
The chemical structure of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Biosurvey protocols have been published for use in different waterbody types and ecoregions. One such publication is the Rapid Bioassessment Protocol for streams and rivers, issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Such protocols provide a structure for developing an IBI, which may include measures suc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In general, polymeric mixtures are far less miscible than mixtures of small molecule materials. This effect results from the fact that the driving force for mixing is usually entropy, not interaction energy. In other words, miscible materials usually form a solution not because their interaction with each other is more... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some complexes have more than 18 electrons. Examples:
* Cobaltocene (19 e)
* Nickelocene (20 e)
* The hexaaquacopper(II) ion [Cu(HO)] (21 e)
*TM(CO) (TM = Sc, Y) (20 e)
Often, cases where complexes have more than 18 valence electrons are attributed to electrostatic forces – the metal attracts ligands to itself to try t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Gadolin made contributions in a variety of areas.
Although he never visited France, he became a proponent of Antoine Lavoisiers theory of combustion. Gadolins Inledning till Chemien (1798) was the first chemistry textbook in the Nordic countries that questioned the theory of phlogiston and discussed the role of oxygen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In coordination chemistry, anation is the "replacement of the ligand water by an anion in a coordination entity." The term is however used more loosely to include displacement of any neutral ligand by an anion. The reaction is pervasive in coordination chemistry. The reverse reaction, displacement of an anionic liga... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thomas Matthias Klapötke (born 24 February 1961 in Göttingen) is a German inorganic chemist at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, studying explosives.
Klapötke grew up in Berlin and studied at the Technical University of Berlin (TU Berlin), completing his undergraduate degree in 1982, his PhD in 1986, and his habi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 1-alpha coactivator (PGC-1 alpha) is a specific myokine since it stimulates satellite cells, but stimulates M1 and M2 macrophages; M1 macrophages release interleukin 6 (IL-6), Insulin growth factor type 1 (IGF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), while M2 ma... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As a RDC provides spatially and temporally averaged information about an angle between the external magnetic field and a bond vector in a molecule, it may provide rich geometrical information about dynamics on a slow timescale (>10 s) in proteins. In particular, due to its radial dependence the RDC is in particular sen... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* [http://www.maizegdb.org/cgi-bin/displaylocusrecord.cgi?id=12097 MaizeGDB]
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?cmd=search&term=542117 NCBI]
* [https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P42390 Uniprot] | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*1967 Luis Leloir (1970 Chemistry)
*1968 Har Gobind Khorana (1968 Physiology or Medicine), Marshall Warren Nirenberg (1968 Physiology or Medicine)
*1969 Max Delbrück (1969 Physiology or Medicine), Salvador E. Luria (1969 Physiology or Medicine)
*1970 Albert Claude (1974 Physiology or Medicine), George E. Palade (1974 P... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Unprotected exposure to Ca(OH), as with any strong base, can cause severe skin irritation, chemical burns, blindness, lung damage or rashes. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
TLR3 does not use the MyD88 dependent pathway. Its ligand is retroviral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which activates the TRIF dependent signalling pathway. To explore the role of this pathway in retroviral reprograming, knock down techniques of TLR3 or TRIF were prepared, and results showed that only the TLR3 pathway i... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mathematically, the stress at some point in the material is a plane stress if one of the three principal stresses (the eigenvalues of the Cauchy stress tensor) is zero. That is, there is Cartesian coordinate system in which the stress tensor has the form
For example, consider a rectangular block of material measurin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When designing distillation processes for separating zeotropic mixtures, the sequencing of distillation columns is vital to saving energy and costs. In addition, other methods can be used to lower the energy or equipment costs required to distill zeotropic mixtures. This includes combining distillation columns, using s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Walsh diagrams in conjunction with molecular orbital theory can also be used as a tool to predict reactivity. By generating a Walsh Diagram and then determining the HOMO/LUMO of that molecule, it can be determined how the molecule is likely to react. In the following example, the Lewis acidity of AH molecules such as... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For cases where the molecule is un-ionized:
For other cases, estimation of log D at a given pH, from log P and the known mole fraction of the un-ionized form, , in the case where partition of ionized forms into non-polar phase can be neglected, can be formulated as
The following approximate expressions are valid only f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In countercurrent flow, the two flows move in opposite directions.
Two tubes have a liquid flowing in opposite directions, transferring a property from one tube to the other. For example, this could be transferring heat from a hot flow of liquid to a cold one, or transferring the concentration of a dissolved solute fro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In radiobiology a broad or focused ion beam is used to study mechanisms of inter- and intra- cellular communication, signal transduction and DNA damage and repair. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Elizabeth MacGregor Hardy was born in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada to parents Thomas Woodburne Hardy and Margaret Ada (Graham) Hardy. Hardy attended McGill University and graduated with a Bachelor in Science in 1938. In 1939, Hardy obtained a Master of Arts degree from Bryn Mawr College. She went on to earn a Ph.D. in organ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In most cases mesocrystals form nanoparticles in solution. These nanoparticles aggregate and arrange in crystallographic formation, without any additives. The main causes of this ordering are tensorial polarization forces and dipole fields. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The spectral shape and intensity of the optical signals from the NV centers are sensitive to external perturbation, such as temperature, strain, electric and magnetic field. However, the use of spectral shape for sensing those perturbation is impractical, as the diamond would have to be cooled to cryogenic temperatures... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In modern everyday life there are many observations that can be successfully explained by application of Bernoulli's principle, even though no real fluid is entirely inviscid, and a small viscosity often has a large effect on the flow.
*Bernoullis principle can be used to calculate the lift force on an airfoil, if the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Group 3 elements scandium and yttrium form monoanions, [M(CO)] (M = Sc, Y) which are 20-electron carbonyls, as does the lanthanide lanthanum.
*Group 4 elements as dianions resemble neutral group 6 derivatives: [Ti(CO)].
*Group 5 elements as monoanions resemble again neutral group 6 derivatives: [V(CO)].
*Group 7 eleme... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Neutron backscattering is one of several inelastic neutron scattering techniques. Backscattering from monochromator and analyzer crystals is used to achieve an energy resolution on the order of a microelectronvolt (μeV). Neutron backscattering experiments are performed to study atomic or molecular motion on a nanosecon... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
When a substance undergoes a phase transition (changes from one state of matter to another) it usually either takes up or releases energy. For example, when water evaporates, the increase in kinetic energy as the evaporating molecules escape the attractive forces of the liquid is reflected in a decrease in temperature.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The concept of green engineering began between 1966 and 1970 during the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development under the name: "The Ten Ecological Commandments for Earth Citizens". The idea was expressed visually as the following cycle starting with the first commandment and ending with the tenth:
# Resp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Brown was born Herbert Brovarnik in London, to Ukrainian Jewish immigrants from Zhitomir, Pearl (née Gorinstein) and Charles Brovarnik, a hardware store manager and carpenter. His family moved to Chicago in June 1914, when he was two years old. Brown attended Crane Junior College in Chicago, where he met Sarah Baylen,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As a result of the Manhattan Project, the United States government needed ready access to uranium. Many different techniques in leaching were quickly employed at a large scale. Both synthetic resins and organic solvents were used early on to extract uranium. Ultimately, the use of organic solvents was less tedious comp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
According to Beer–Lambert law, the intensity of an electromagnetic wave inside a material falls off exponentially from the surface as
If denotes the penetration depth, we have
Penetration depth is one term that describes the decay of electromagnetic waves inside of a material. The above definition refers to the depth... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Droplet countercurrent chromatography (DCCC or DCC) was introduced in 1970 by Tanimura, Pisano, Ito, and Bowman. DCCC is considered to be a form of liquid-liquid separation, which includes countercurrent distribution and countercurrent chromatography, that employs a liquid stationary phase held in a collection of verti... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Airless spray equipment used for Dimetcote should have a fluid tip with orifice no smaller than 0.019 inch (0.48), and the minimum level of pump ratio is 28:1. Some standard airless sprays such as Spee-Flo, Graco, Nordson-Bede, and DeVilbiss meet these requirements. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Vertical manipulation is a process of transferring an atom from substrate to STM tip, repositioning the STM tip and transferring the atom back on a desired position. Transferring an atom from substrate to STM tip is done by placing the tip above the atom in a constant current mode, turning off the feedback loop and app... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Oxacillin is a penicillinase-resistant β-lactam. It is similar to methicillin, and has replaced methicillin in clinical use. Other related compounds are nafcillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, and flucloxacillin. Since it is resistant to penicillinase enzymes, such as that produced by Staphylococcus aureus, it is wide... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Peregrine soliton can also be seen as the limiting case of the space-periodic Akhmediev breather when the period tends to infinity. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
One of the important functions of an FSL construct is that it can optimise the presentation of antigens, both on cell surfaces and solid-phase membranes. This optimisation is achieved primarily by the spacer, and secondarily by the lipid tail. In a typical immunoassay, the antigen is deposited directly onto the micropl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The bottom part of ring B was constructed by nucleophilic addition to the aldehyde of 2.1 (scheme 2) with dibenzyl acetal of 2-bromobenzaldehyde 2.2 as its aryllithium. This step is much in common with the B ring synthesis in the Nicolaou Taxol total synthesis except that the aldehyde group is located at ring A and not... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The most important of these techniques would prove to be Brills pioneering application of lead isotope analysis, hitherto used only in geology, to archaeological objects. Brill first presented this idea at the 1965 Seminar in Examination of Works of Art, held at the Museum of Fine Arts Boston, but the first widely publ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Let be the gas density, the velocity, the pressure and the speed of sound. In isentropic flows, entropy is constant and if the initial state of the gas is homogenous, then entropy is a constant everywhere at all times and therefore the pressure is a function only of , i.e., In simple waves, all dependent variabl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
AVIRIS has been flown on four aircraft platforms: the NASA ER-2 jet, Twin Otter Internationals turboprop, Scaled Composites Proteus, and NASAs WB-57. The ER-2 flies at approximately 20 km above sea level, at about 730 km/h. The Twin Otter aircraft flies at 4 km above ground level at 130 km/h. AVIRIS has flown North Am... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Once a refinement has been completed the results should be checked to verify that the chosen model is acceptable. generally speaking, a model is acceptable when the data are fitted within experimental error, but there is no single criterion to use to make the judgement. The following should be considered. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are 35 naturally occurring isotopes capable of double beta decay. In practice, the decay can be observed when the single beta decay is forbidden by energy conservation. This happens for elements with an even atomic number and even neutron number, which are more stable due to spin-coupling. When single beta decay ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The company's formulation plant in Waltham Abbey was alleged to be at the centre and therefore the cause of a cancer hotspot. This was highlighted by Storyline, an investigative television programme by Carlton Television, in early 1993. Reports of an unusual occurrence of cancer around the plant and subsequent legal ac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
δ-Carotene (delta-carotene) or ε,ψ-carotene is a form of carotene with an ε-ring at one end, and the other uncyclized, labelled ψ (psi). It is an intermediate synthesis product in some photosynthetic plants between lycopene and α-carotene (β,ε-carotene) or ε-carotene (ε,ε-carotene). δ-Carotene is fat soluble. Delta-car... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Researchers have extensively investigated the use of hematite (α-FeO) in PEC water-splitting devices due to its low cost, ability to be n-type doped, and band gap (2.2eV). However, performance is plagued by poor conductivity and crystal anisotropy. Some researchers have enhanced catalytic activity by forming a layer of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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