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Historically, blotting paper or cloth were used to extract filter coffee.
Modern coffee filters of paper are made from about 100 g/m crêped paper. The crêping allows the coffee to flow freely between the filter and the filtration funnel. The raw materials (pulp) for the filter paper are coarse long fiber, often from fa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Zeise made several scientific discoveries. His discovery of mercaptans (thiols) in 1832 and thioethers in 1833, was once a weighty support for the influential (now obsolete) "Radical Theory" which Berzelius and Liebig developed, provoking important chemical studies. His discovery and work on xanthates, led to the wides... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
NDR is the normalized measure of sequencing depth, which was downsampled to 2000 folds as a default in the 2000 base pair windows during read preprocessing and quality control steps. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A variety of natural and synthetic inhibitors of ATP synthase have been discovered. These have been used to probe the structure and mechanism of ATP synthase. Some may be of therapeutic use. There are several classes of ATP synthase inhibitors, including peptide inhibitors, polyphenolic phytochemicals, polyketides, org... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
At one time, stable carbenes were thought to reversibly dimerise through the so-called Wanzlick equilibrium. However, imidazol-2-ylidenes and triazol-5-ylidenes are thermodynamically stable and do not dimerise, and have been stored in solution in the absence of water and air for years. This is presumably due to the aro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Member of the Lithuanian Biochemical Society (since 2003)
* Member of the Royal Society of Chemistry (since 2016)
* Member of the International Chemical Biology Society (since 2017)
* Member of the American Chemical Society (since 2021)
* Member of the Sigma Xi (since 2023) | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The most abundant chlorin is the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll. Chlorophylls have a fifth, ketone-containing ring unlike the chlorins. Diverse chlorophylls exists, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll d, chlorophyll e, chlorophyll f, and chlorophyll g. Chlorophylls usually feature magnesium as a cent... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
# Particle visualization: Cloud chambers allow scientists to observe the paths of charged particles as they pass through the chamber. By creating a supersaturated vapor environment, the particles ionize the vapor molecules, creating a visible trail of tiny droplets or clouds. This visualization helps researchers study ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Principle, in chemistry, refers to a historical concept of the constituents of a substance, specifically those that produce a certain quality or effect in the substance, such as a bitter principle, which is any one of the numerous compounds having a bitter taste.
The idea of chemical principles developed out of the cla... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The EQCM sensitivity factor K can be calculated by combing the electrochemical cell measured charge density and QCM measured frequency shift. The sensitivity factor is only valid when the mass change on the electrode is homogenous. Otherwise, K is taken as the average sensitivity factor of the EQCM.
where is the measu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Grb2 is widely expressed and is essential for multiple cellular functions. Inhibition of Grb2 function impairs developmental processes in various organisms and blocks transformation and proliferation of various cell types. It is thus not surprising that targeted gene disruption of Grb2 in mice is lethal at an early emb... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Mechanistic target of rapamycin has been shown to interact with:
* ABL1,
* AKT1,
* IGF-IR,
* InsR,
* CLIP1,
* EIF3F
* EIF4EBP1,
* FKBP1A,
* GPHN,
* KIAA1303,
* PRKCD,
* RHEB,
* RICTOR,
* RPS6KB1,
* STAT1,
* STAT3,
* Two-pore channels: TPCN1; TPCN2, and
* UBQLN1. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Numerical modelling of bubble column reactors is a way of predicting the multiphase flow to improve the reactor design and understand the reactor fluid dynamics. The recent increase in interest in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) spurred substantial research efforts in determining numerical models that can obtain rea... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To be representative, the layer must meet the following criteria:
• The volume fraction of each type of particle is the same in the representative layer as in the sample as a whole.
• The surface area fraction of each type of particle is the same in the representative layer as in the sample as a whole.
• The void fract... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An intermetallic (also called intermetallic compound, intermetallic alloy, ordered intermetallic alloy, long-range-ordered alloy) is a type of metallic alloy that forms an ordered solid-state compound between two or more metallic elements. Intermetallics are generally hard and brittle, with good high-temperature mechan... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Studies have shown that statins bind reversibly to the HGMR enzyme. The affinity of statins for HGMR enzyme is in the nanomolar range, while the natural substrate's affinity is in the micromolar range. Studies have shown that statins use the conformational flexibility of the HMGR enzyme that causes a shallow hydrophobi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The hydrogen is catalytically reacted with nitrogen (derived from process air) to form anhydrous liquid ammonia. It is difficult and expensive, as lower temperatures result in slower reaction kinetics (hence a slower reaction rate) and high pressure requires high-strength pressure vessels that resist hydrogen embrittle... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
UV light is electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays. UV is categorised into several wavelength ranges, with short-wavelength UV (UV-C) considered "germicidal UV". Wavelengths between about 200 nm and 300 nm are strongly absorbed by nucleic acids. The absorbed energy ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Examples for more high-tech, intensive or mechanized, often relatively expensive sewage treatment systems are listed below. Some of them are energy intensive as well. Many of them provide a very high level of treatment. For example, broadly speaking, the activated sludge process achieves a high effluent quality but is ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A constructed wetland is an engineered sequence of water bodies designed to treat wastewater or storm water runoff.
Vegetation in a wetland provides a substrate (roots, stems, and leaves) upon which microorganisms can grow as they break down organic materials. This community of microorganisms is known as the periphyton... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Phase equilibria data (vapor–liquid, liquid–liquid, solid–liquid), data on azeotropy and zeotropy
* Mixing enthalpies
* Gas solubilities
* Activity coefficients at infinite dilution
* Heat capacities and excess heat capacities
* Volumes, densities, and excess volumes (volume effect of mixing)
* Salt solubilities
* Oc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Glycogen serves as the secondary long-term energy storage in animal and fungal cells, with the primary energy stores being held in adipose tissue. Glycogen is made primarily by the liver, and the muscles but can also be made by glycogenesis within the brain and stomach.
Glycogen is analogous to starch, a glucose polyme... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In physics, the first law of thermodynamics is an expression of the conservation of total energy of a system. The increase of the energy of a system is equal to the sum of work done on the system and the heat added to that system:
where
* is the total energy of a system.
* is the work done on it.
* is the heat added... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A hydrogel is a biphasic material, a mixture of porous, permeable solids and at least 10% by weight or volume of interstitial fluid composed completely or mainly by water. In hydrogels the porous permeable solid is a water insoluble three dimensional network of natural or synthetic polymers and a fluid, having absorbed... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
MOBs are composed of two major components: a metal ion or cluster of metal ions and a biological molecule. Examples include CuHARS which contain copper as the metal ion and cystine as the biological molecule. Another example includes the use of silver as the metal ion in combination with cystine. Cystine is the dimer... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Compared to hydrogen in its natural composition on Earth, pure deuterium (H) has a higher melting point (18.72 K vs. 13.99 K), a higher boiling point (23.64 vs. 20.27 K), a higher critical temperature (38.3 vs. 32.94 K) and a higher critical pressure (1.6496 vs. 1.2858 MPa).
The physical properties of deuterium compoun... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Aromatic hydrocarbons are cyclic, and are much less abundant than the other two main hydrocarbon compounds. They are represented by the formula CH, where n is a positive integer. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mount Polley mine is a Canadian gold and copper mine located in British Columbia near the towns of Williams Lake and Likely. It consists of two open-pit sites with an underground mining component and is owned and operated by the Mount Polley Mining Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Imperial Metals. In 2013, the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Large amounts of research have focused recently on the use of enzymes as a catalyst for the transesterification. Researchers have found that very good yields could be obtained from crude and used oils using lipases. The use of lipases makes the reaction less sensitive to high free fatty-acid content, which is a problem... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sulfinic acids RSOH are about 1000x more acidic than the corresponding carboxylic acid RCOH. Sulfur is pyramidal, consequently sulfinic acids are chiral. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Adenylylation, more commonly known as AMPylation, is a process in which an adenosine monophosphate (AMP) molecule is covalently attached to the amino acid side chain of a protein. This covalent addition of AMP to a hydroxyl side chain of the protein is a post-translational modification. Adenylylation involves a phospho... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Loss of gene activity leads to a nutritional requirement (auxotrophy) not exhibited by the wildtype (prototrophy).
Amino acids:
*ala = alanine
*arg = arginine
*asn = asparagine
Some pathways produce metabolites that are precursors of more than one pathway. Hence, loss of one of these enzymes will lead to a requirement ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organic and organometallic chemistry, an organyl group is an organic substituent with one (sometimes more) free valence(-s) at a carbon atom. The term is often used in chemical patent literature to protect claims over a broad scope. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A photophore is a glandular organ that appears as luminous spots on various marine animals, including fish and cephalopods. The organ can be simple, or as complex as the human eye; equipped with lenses, shutters, color filters and reflectors, however unlike an eye it is optimized to produce light, not absorb it. The bi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many standard states are non-physical states, often referred to as "hypothetical states". Nevertheless, their thermodynamic properties are well-defined, usually by an extrapolation from some limiting condition, such as zero pressure or zero concentration, to a specified condition (usually unit concentration or pressure... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
DNA methyltransferases are inhibited by SAH. Two S-adenosyl--homocysteine cofactor products can bind the active site of DNA methyltransferase 3B and prevent the DNA duplex from binding to the active site, which inhibits DNA methylation. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Temperature is an important quantity to know for the understanding of the system. Material properties such as density, thermal conductivity, viscosity, and specific heat depend on temperature, and very high or low temperature can bring unexpected changes in the system. In solid, the heat equation can be used to obtain ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Neurturin is encoded for by the NRTN gene located on chromosome 19 in humans and has been shown to promote potent effects on survival and function of developing and mature midbrain dopaminergic neurons (DA) in vitro. In vivo the direct administration of neurturin into substantia nigra of mice models also shows mature D... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Jacques-Louis Soret (30 June 1827 – 13 May 1890) was a Swiss chemist and spectroscopist. He studied both spectroscopy and electrolysis. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In general ketones () take the suffix "-one" (pronounced own, not won) with a suffixed position number: is pentan-2-one. If a higher precedence suffix is in use, the prefix "oxo-" is used: is 3-oxohexanal. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Near infrared fluorescence (NIR) detection is a method that can reveal what kinds of chemicals are present in a sample based on their physical properties. By hitting a sample with near infrared light, chemical bonds in the sample vibrate and re-release the light energy at a wavelength characteristic for a specific mole... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Malic acid was first isolated from apple juice by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1785. Antoine Lavoisier in 1787 proposed the name acide malique, which is derived from the Latin word for apple, mālum—as is its genus name Malus.
In German it is named Äpfelsäure (or Apfelsäure) after plural or singular of a sour thing fro... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the 1940s Craig invented the first apparatus to conduct countercurrent partitioning; he called this the countercurrent distribution Craig apparatus. The apparatus consists of a series of glass tubes that are designed and arranged such that the lighter liquid phase is transferred from one tube to the next. The next m... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminylgalactosylglucosyl-ceramide b-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase - galactosylgalactosylglucosylceramidase - GalP (protein) - GATA zinc finger - gel electrophoresis - gel shift - gel shift assay - gene - gene amplification - gene conversion - gene expression - gene mapping - gene pool - g... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This is not the first time that sticky foam has been used by a military force. Reportedly, the U.S. Marine Corps and the U.S. Army have used streams of foam as non-lethal tools for crowd control or restraint of hostile combatants. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In order to infect a cell, the envelope glycoprotein GP120 of the HIV virus interacts with CD4 (acting as the primary receptor) and a co-receptor: either CCR5 or CXCR4. This binding results in membrane fusion and the subsequent intracellular signaling that facilitates viral invasion. In approximately half of all HIV ca... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The fabric softener tray in a top-load washing machine operates by utilizing a Pythagorean siphon to distribute fabric softener diluted with water across the clothing in the washing machine. Before starting the washing machine, the user pours fabric softener below the maximum fabric softener line in the loading tray. T... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For binary solutions, the thermodynamic criterion which defines the spinodal curve is that the second derivative of free energy with respect to density or some composition variable is zero. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In 1979, 138 inhabitants of Palm Island, Queensland, Australia, were admitted to hospital, suffering various symptoms of gastroenteritis. All of these were children; in addition, 10 adults were affected but not hospitalised. Initial symptoms, including abdominal pain and vomiting, resembled those of hepatitis; later sy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Point groups in two dimensions, sometimes called rosette groups.
They come in two infinite families:
# Cyclic groups C of n-fold rotation groups
# Dihedral groups D of n-fold rotation and reflection groups
Applying the crystallographic restriction theorem restricts n to values 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 for both families, yield... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Chemistry Education Research and Practice is a quarterly peer-reviewed open access academic journal published by the Royal Society of Chemistry covering chemistry education. The editor-in-chief is Gwen Lawrie of the University of Queensland. The Associate Editors are Ajda Kahveci of DePaul University, Scott E. Lewis of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Apoptosis, the process of programmed cell death, involves complex signaling pathways and cascades of molecular events. This process is needed for proper development during embryonic and fetal growth where there is destruction and reconstruction of cellular structures. In adult organisms, apoptosis is needed to maintain... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Before MMC was considered as a chromatographic approach, secondary interactions were generally believed to be the main cause of peak tailing.
However, it was discovered afterwards that secondary interactions can be applied for improving separation power. In 1986, Regnier’s group synthesized a stationary phase that had ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
RAL colour standard charts are used by architects, construction industry and road safety.
The pipe identification colours are as shown in the table. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The pharmacology of dextrorphan is similar to that of dextromethorphan (DXM). However, dextrorphan is much more potent as an NMDA receptor antagonist as well much less active as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, but retains DXM's activity as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor.
It also has more affinity for the opioid re... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cytochrome C1 (also known as Complex III subunit 4) is a protein encoded by the CYC1 gene. Cytochrome is a heme-containing subunit of the cytochrome b-c1 complex, which accepts electrons from Rieske protein and transfers electrons to cytochrome c in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It is formed in the cytosol and t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Antibody elution is the process of removing antibodies that are attached to their targets, such as the surface of red blood cells. Techniques include using heat, a freeze-thaw cycle, ultrasound, acids or organic solvents. No single method is best in all situations. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The ANKK1 gene is closely linked to dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) on chromosome band 11q23.1. The A1 allele of the Taq1A polymorphism (rs1800497T), is located ≈10kb downstream of the dopamine receptor DRD2 gene. Dopamine (DA) is a neurotransmitter in the brain, which controls feelings of wellbeing. This sensation results... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Antigen transfer in the thymus is the transmission of self-antigens between thymic antigen-presenting cells which contributes to the establishment of T cell central tolerance.
Thymus represents an origin of T cell development and its responsibility is to select functional but also safe T cells which will not attack sel... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This technique is most commonly used by mineralogists and petrologists. Most rocks are aggregates of small mineral grains. These grains may preserve chemical information acquired during their formation and subsequent alteration. This information may illuminate geologic processes such as crystallization, lithification, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Counter-immunoelectrophoresis and its modification
In comparison to other conventional methods of diagnosis e.g. for viral infection testing, counter-immunoelectrophoresis is a highly specific, simple, and speedy method that does not require sophisticated, expensive tools, input materials, or long-term capacity buildin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In pharmacology and pharmaceutics, a prototype drug is an individual drug that represents a drug class – group of medications having similar chemical structures, mechanism of action and mode of action. Prototypes are the most important, and typically the first developed drugs within the class, and are used as a referen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A backdraft (North American English) or backdraught (British English) is the abrupt burning of superheated gases in a fire caused when oxygen rapidly enters a hot, oxygen-depleted environment; for example, when a window or door to an enclosed space is opened or broken. Backdrafts are typically seen as a blast of smoke ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One of the earliest examples of a nitrosyl complex to be synthesized is Roussins red salt, which is a sodium salt of the anion [Fe(NO)S]. The structure of the anion can be viewed as consisting of two tetrahedra sharing an edge. Each iron atom is bonded linearly to two NO ligands and shares two bridging sulfidi ligands ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the case of a conventional steam-electric power plant using a drum boiler, the surface condenser removes the latent heat of vaporization from the steam as it changes states from vapor to liquid. The condensate pump then pumps the condensate water through a feedwater heater, which raises the temperature of the water ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Energy returned on energy invested (EROEI) is the ratio of energy delivered by an energy technology to the energy invested to set up the technology. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It was from the development of the Normative Scenario, that the Army Corps of Engineers developed CERP, the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan. In the plan they created a time line of projects to be completed, the estimated cost and the ultimate results of improving the ecosystem by having native flora and faun... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lost-foam casting is a type of evaporative-pattern casting process that is similar to investment casting except foam is used for the pattern instead of wax. This process takes advantage of the low boiling point of foam to simplify the investment casting process by removing the need to melt the wax out of the mold. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nucleic acid secondary structure is the basepairing interactions within a single nucleic acid polymer or between two polymers. It can be represented as a list of bases which are paired in a nucleic acid molecule.
The secondary structures of biological DNAs and RNAs tend to be different: biological DNA mostly exists as ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In Ancient Greek texts, including the Hippocratic Corpus, Timaeus, and others, the term (anaisthēsíā, "without sensation") is attested; from (an-, "without") and (aisthēsis, "sensation").
In 1679, Steven Blankaart publishes Lexicon medicum graeco-latinum with the Latin term anaisthesia. In 1684, an English translati... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
α-Endopsychosin is a putative antagonist of the phencyclidine site of the NMDA receptor which was discovered in extracts of porcine brain and may also be endogenous in humans. The compound appears to be a peptide, but has yet to be purified and fully characterized. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The suffix -one is used in organic chemistry to form names of organic compounds containing the -C(=O)- group: see ketone. Sometimes a number between hyphens is inserted before it to state which atom the =O atom is attached to. This suffix was extracted from the word acetone. The final "-e" disappears if it is followed ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Zero-point energy (ZPE) is the lowest possible energy that a quantum mechanical system may have. Unlike in classical mechanics, quantum systems constantly fluctuate in their lowest energy state as described by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Therefore, even at absolute zero, atoms and molecules retain some vibrat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The vast majority of carbon dioxide emissions by humans come from the burning of fossil fuels. Additional contributions come from cement manufacturing, fertilizer production, and changes in land use like deforestation. Methane emissions originate from agriculture, fossil fuel production, waste, and other sources.
If c... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Autapses can be either glutamate-releasing (excitatory) or GABA-releasing (inhibitory), just like their traditional synapse counterparts. Similarly, autapses can be electrical or chemical by nature.
Broadly speaking, negative feedback in autapses tends to inhibit excitable neurons whereas positive feedback can stimulat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sodium bisulfite solutions can be prepared by treating a solution of suitable base, such as sodium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate with sulfur dioxide.
:SO + NaOH → NaHSO
:SO + NaHCO → NaHSO + CO
Attempts to crystallize the product yield sodium metabisulfite (also called sodium disulfite), NaSO.
Upon dissolution of... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Photosymbiosis is a type of symbiosis where one of the organisms is capable of photosynthesis.
Examples of photosymbiotic relationships include those in lichens, plankton, ciliates, and many marine organisms including corals, fire corals, giant clams, and jellyfish.
Photosymbiosis is important in the development, maint... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The difference between enzymatically active and inactive homologues has been noted (and in some cases, understood when comparing catalytically active and inactive proteins residing in recognisable families) for some time at the sequence level, and some pseudoenzymes have also been referred to as prozymes when they were... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
CTCF physically binds to itself to form homodimers,
which causes the bound DNA to form loops. CTCF also occurs frequently at the boundaries of sections of DNA bound to the nuclear lamina. Using chromatin immuno-precipitation (ChIP) followed by ChIP-seq, it was found that CTCF localizes with cohesin genome-wide and affe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As with Cu, the field of Zn isotope biogeochemistry is still in a relatively early stage, so the Zn isotope compositions of materials in the environment are not well-documented. However, based on a compilation of some reported measurements, it appears that Zn isotope ratios do not vary widely among environmental materi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Forensic DNA analysis was first used in 1984. It was developed by Sir Alec Jeffreys, who realized that variation in the genetic sequence could be used to identify individuals and to tell individuals apart from one another. The first application of DNA profiles was used by Jeffreys in a double murder mystery in the smal... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This argument for formation of mesocrystals requires only a confined space that the reaction takes place in. As the nanoparticle grow into crystals, they have no choice but to align with each other in such a confined space. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The book consists of a preface and twelve chapters, labelled books I to XII, without titles. It also has numerous woodcuts that provide annotated diagrams illustrating equipment and processes described in the text. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Though the terms equivalence point and endpoint are often used interchangeably, they are different terms. Equivalence point is the theoretical completion of the reaction: the volume of added titrant at which the number of moles of titrant is equal to the number of moles of analyte, or some multiple thereof (as in poly... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Langmuir adsorption model deviates significantly in many cases, primarily because it fails to account for the surface roughness of the adsorbent. Rough inhomogeneous surfaces have multiple site types available for adsorption, with some parameters varying from site to site, such as the heat of adsorption. Moreover, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Green rust compounds can be synthesized at ordinary ambient temperature and pressure, from solutions containing iron(II) cations, hydroxide anions, and the appropriate intercalatory anions, such as chloride, sulfate, or carbonate.
The result is a suspension of ferrous hydroxide () in a solution of the third anion. This... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The widespread use of refrigeration allowed for a vast amount of new agricultural opportunities to open up in the United States. New markets emerged throughout the United States in areas that were previously uninhabited and far-removed from heavily populated areas. New agricultural opportunity presented itself in areas... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Using Bernoulli's equation, the pressure coefficient can be further simplified for potential flows (inviscid, and steady):
where:
: is the flow speed at the point at which pressure coefficient is being evaluated
: is the Mach number, which is taken in the limit of zero
: is the flow's stagnation pressure
This relat... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*ABCB10 NM_012089
*ABCB7 NM_004299
*ABCD3 NM_002857
*ABCE1 NM_002939
*ABCF1 NM_001090
*ABCF2 NM_005692
*ABCF3 NM_018358
*CALM1 Calmodulin grasps calcium ions
*MFSD11 NM_024311 similar to MSFD10 aka TETRAN or tetracycline transporter-like protein
*MFSD12 NM_174983
*MFSD3 NM_138431
*MFSD5 NM_032889
*SLC15A4 NM_145648
... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For simplicity, assume combustion takes place in a single global irreversible reaction
where is the ith chemical species of the total species and and are the stoichiometric coefficients of the reactants and products, respectively. Then, it can be shown from the law of mass action that the rate of moles produced per... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chirality is a symmetry property, not a property of any part of the periodic table. Thus many inorganic materials, molecules, and ions are chiral. Quartz is an example from the mineral kingdom. Such noncentric materials are of interest for applications in nonlinear optics.
In the areas of coordination chemistry and org... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Kilju can be refined into moonshine by means of distillation to vodka or rectified spirit, but it is illegal in most countries. It is distinct from rum because it is typically made by molasses, a byproduct of the sugar refining process, or fresh sugar cane juice that has a discernible taste of its own.
Moonshine by cou... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Because industrial hydraulic systems operate at hundreds to thousands of PSI and temperatures reaching hundreds of degrees Celsius, severe injuries and death can result from component failures and care must always be taken when performing maintenance on hydraulic systems.
Fire resistance is a property available with sp... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The constant factor 3 in the definition of the Z-factor is motivated by the normal distribution, for which more than 99% of values occur within three times standard deviations of the mean. If the data follow a strongly non-normal distribution, the reference points (e.g. the meaning of a negative value) may be misleadin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, nitroamines are organic compounds with the general chemical structure . They consist of a nitro group () bonded to an amine. The parent inorganic compound, where both R substituents are hydrogen, is nitramide, . | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
First held in 1908, the [https://iifiir.org/en/iir-conferences-series International Congress of Refrigeration] of the IIR is a flagship event that converges industry and research.
Covering all fields of refrigeration, the Congress, which takes place every four years, reunites key international stakeholders and provide... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Certain PFASs are no longer manufactured in the United States as a result of phase-outs including the PFOA Stewardship Program (2010-2015), in which eight major chemical manufacturers agreed to eliminate the use of PFOA and PFOA-related chemicals in their products and emissions from their facilities. Although PFOA and ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A variety of mechanical adaptations, such as tip geometry and surface roughness, to aid in neural implant design have been investigated and implemented in recent years. The geometry of an electrode affects the shape of the electric field emitted. The electric field shape, in turn, affects the current density produced b... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ferrous metallurgy is the metallurgy of iron and its alloys. The earliest surviving prehistoric iron artifacts, from the 4th millennium BC in Egypt, were made from meteoritic iron-nickel. It is not known when or where the smelting of iron from ores began, but by the end of the 2nd millennium BC iron was being produced ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A transcription unit is a set of one or more genes transcribed from a single promoter. A TU may also include regulatory protein binding sites affecting this promoter and a terminator. A complex operon with several promoters contains, therefore, several transcription units. A transcription unit must include all the gene... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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