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In contact mode, the tip is "dragged" across the surface of the sample and the contours of the surface are measured either using the deflection of the cantilever directly or, more commonly, using the feedback signal required to keep the cantilever at a constant position. Because the measurement of a static signal is pr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The magic bullet is a scientific concept developed by the German Nobel laureate Paul Ehrlich in 1907. While working at the Institute of Experimental Therapy (Institut für experimentelle Therapie), Ehrlich formed an idea that it could be possible to kill specific microbes (such as bacteria), which cause diseases in the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
BSi dissolution is controlled by:
* Thermodynamics of solubility: Temperature (0 to 25 °C - 50x increase).
* Sinking rate: Food web structure—grazers, fecal pellets, discarded feeding structures, Aggregation - rapid transport.
* Bacterial degradation of organic matrix (Bidle and Azam, 1999). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The utilization of the difference between dielectrophoretic forces exerted on different particles in nonuniform electric fields is known as DEP separation. The exploitation of DEP forces has been classified into two groups: DEP migration and DEP retention. DEP migration uses DEP forces that exert opposite signs of forc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Transitions made by the free valence electrons of the molecules are responsible for the production of scintillation light in organic crystals. These electrons are associated with the whole molecule rather than any particular atom and occupy the so-called -molecular orbitals. The ground state S is a singlet state above ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
tert-Butanesulfinamide has been used as an auxiliary in an asymmetric synthesis of cetirizine (more potent than the racemic mixture of the drug) starting from p-chlorobenzaldehyde and phenylmagnesium bromide. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Reagent testing is one of the processes used to identify substances contained within a pill, usually illicit substances.
With the increased prevalence of drugs being available in their pure forms, the terms "drug checking" or "pill testing" may also be used, although these terms usually refer to testing with a wider va... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry glycerolysis refers to any process in which chemical bonds are broken via a reaction with glycerol. The term refers almost exclusively to the transesterification reaction of glycerol with triglycerides (fats/oils) to form mixtures of monoglycerides and diglycerides. These find a variety of uses; as... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Nitrosoarenes typically participate in a monomer–dimer equilibrium. The azobenzene N,N-dioxide (Ar(O)N=N(O)Ar) dimers, which are often pale yellow, are generally favored in the solid state, whereas the deep-green monomers are favored in dilute solution or at higher temperatures. They exist as cis and trans' isomers.
... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Princeton's conversion of the Model C stellarator to a tokamak produced results matching the Soviets. With an apparent solution to the magnetic bottle problem in-hand, plans begin for a larger machine to test scaling and methods to heat the plasma.
In 1972, John Nuckolls outlined the idea of fusion ignition, a fusion c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In heterogeneous electron transfer, an electron moves between a chemical species and a solid-state electrode. Theories addressing heterogeneous electron transfer have applications in electrochemistry and the design of solar cells. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
STRENDA DB
STRENDA DB is a web-based storage and search platform that has incorporated the Guidelines and automatically checks the submitted data on compliance with the STRENDA Guidelines thus ensuring that the manuscript data sets are complete and valid. A valid data set is awarded a STRENDA Registry Number (SRN) and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A 250 kilowatt methane synthesis plant was constructed by the Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research (ZSW) at Baden-Württemberg and the Fraunhofer Society in Germany and began operating in 2010. It is being upgraded to 10 megawatts, scheduled for completion in autumn 2012.
The George Olah carbon dioxide recycli... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are many signals that control catabolism. Most of the known signals are hormones and the molecules involved in metabolism itself. Endocrinologists have traditionally classified many of the hormones as anabolic or catabolic, depending on which part of metabolism they stimulate. The so-called classic catabolic horm... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
These can be used to create pulses of neutrons, they have been used for some activation work where the decay of the target isotope is very rapid. For instance in oil wells. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The discussion above describes relaxation of nuclear magnetization in the presence of a constant magnetic field B. This is called relaxation in the laboratory frame.
Another technique, called relaxation in the rotating frame, is the relaxation of nuclear magnetization in the presence of the field B together with a tim... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The mechanism for transition metal-catalyzed olefin metathesis has been widely researched over the past forty years. RCM undergoes a similar mechanistic pathway as other olefin metathesis reactions, such as cross metathesis (CM), ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), and acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET). Since... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An eluotropic series is listing of various compounds in order of eluting power for a given adsorbent. The "eluting power" of a solvent is largely a measure of how well the solvent can "pull" an analyte off the adsorbent to which it is attached. This often happens when the eluent adsorbs onto the stationary phase, disp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The advantage of nanofluidic devices is from its feasibility to be integrated with electronic circuitry. Because they are built using the same manufacturing technology, it is possible to make a nanofluidic system with digital integrated circuit on a single chip. Therefore, the control and manipulation of particles in t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The formula for dimensions can be derived assuming an -dimensional real vector space with a basis and an inner product . The reciprocal lattice vectors are uniquely determined by the formula . Using the permutation
they can be determined with the following formula:
Here, is the volume form, is the inverse of the v... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The methylglyoxal pathway is activated by the increased intercellular uptake of carbon containing molecules such as glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, lactate, or glycerol. Methylglyoxal is formed from dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) by the enzyme methylglyoxal synthase, giving off a phosphate group.
Methylglyoxal is the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The concept of additive effect is derived from the concept of drug synergy. Thus, the origin of additive effect dates back to the early twentieth century when the search for synergy started. During the search for synergy, the models of Loewe additivity and Bliss independence were proposed. These models are capable of m... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A thermal diode in this sense is a device whose thermal resistance is different for heat flow in one direction than for heat flow in the other direction. I.e., when the thermal diode's first terminal is hotter than the second, heat will flow easily from the first to the second, but when the second terminal is hotter th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dip pen nanolithography (DPN) is a scanning probe lithography technique where an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip is used to create patterns directly on a range of substances with a variety of inks. A common example of this technique is exemplified by the use of alkane thiolates to imprint onto a gold surface. This t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In France, an extensive, cable-supported green roof has been created on the International School in Lyon. Another huge green roof of roughly has been incorporated into the new museum L'Historial de la Vendée which opened in June 2006 at Les Lucs-sur-Boulogne. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Neurophysins are acidic proteins with a molecular weight of approximately 10,000 Da that are rich in cysteine, glycine, and proline residues . The protein is double domain with a polypeptide chain of 93-95 residues with 14 cysteine residues forming 7 disulfide bridges . Domain I contains a COOH terminal with a disulfid... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A Chemical and Physical Foundations
Thermodynamics and kinetics
Redox states
Water, pH, acid-base reactions and buffers
Solutions and equilibria
Solute-solvent interactions
Chemical interactions and bonding
Chemical reaction mechanisms
B Structural Biology: Structure, Assembly, Organization and Dynamics
Small molecules... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
PDE5 is expressed in clitoral corpus cavernosum and in vaginal smooth muscle and epithelium. Therefore, it is possible that PDE5 inhibitors could affect female sexual arousal disorder but further research is needed. Increased levels of cGMP have been shown to occur in human-cultured vaginal smooth muscle cells treated ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The free acid () and monohydrated calcium salt () forms of HMB have different pharmacokinetics. HMB-FA is more readily absorbed into the bloodstream and has a longer elimination half-life (3 hours) relative to HMB-Ca (2.5 hours). Tissue uptake and utilization of HMB-FA is higher than for HMB-Ca. The fraction of an ing... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Aggregation in colloidal dispersions (or stable suspensions) has been characterized by the degree of interparticle attraction. For attractions strong relative to the thermal energy (given by kT), Brownian motion produces irreversibly flocculated structures with growth rates limited by the rate of particle diffusion. T... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most natural waters contain small quantities of organic compounds. Aquatic microorganisms have evolved to use some of these compounds as food. Microorganisms living in oxygenated waters use dissolved oxygen to oxidatively degrade the organic compounds, releasing energy which is used for growth and reproduction. Populat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pinoresinol biosynthesis involved a protein called a dirigent protein. The first dirigent protein was discovered in Forsythia intermedia. This protein has been found to direct the stereoselective biosynthesis of (+)-pinoresinol from coniferyl alcohol monomers. Recently, a second, enantiocomplementary dirigent protein w... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
1.5th order derivative of a voltammogram hits the abscissa exactly at the point where the formal potential of the electrode reaction is found. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Immunoscintigraphy incorporates Tc into a monoclonal antibody, an immune system protein, capable of binding to cancer cells. A few hours after injection, medical equipment is used to detect the gamma rays emitted by the Tc; higher concentrations indicate where the tumor is. This technique is particularly useful for det... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The central solenoid and toroidal field superconducting magnets for the planned experimental ITER fusion reactor use niobium–tin as a superconductor. The central solenoid coil will produce a field of . The toroidal field coils will operate at a maximum field of 11.8 T. Estimated use is of NbSn strands and 250 metric t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plants and animals. Phosphorus is a limiting nutrient for aquatic organisms. Phosphorus forms parts of important life-sustaining molecules that are very common in the biosphere. Phosphorus does enter the atmosphere in very small amounts when dust containing phosphorus is dissolve... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are 30 isoforms of FAM227B and one paralog, FAM227A. The conserved domains in these isoforms (as well as the paralog) are of various sizes and encode the protein FWWh (pfam14922) of unknown function, which all contain the distinctive motif FWW with a hydrophobic residue h. The main isoform used for analysis of FA... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Liquation requires that the silver-rich copper first be melted with approximately three times its weight in lead; as silver has a greater affinity with lead, most of the silver would end up within this rather than the copper. If the copper is assayed and found to contain too little silver for liquation to be financiall... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A shuttle vector is a vector (usually a plasmid) constructed so that it can propagate in two different host species. Therefore, DNA inserted into a shuttle vector can be tested or manipulated in two different cell types. The main advantage of these vectors is they can be manipulated in E. coli, then used in a system w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infected Caco-2 cells, the phosphorylase activity of CK2 is increased resulting in phosphorylation of several cytoskeletal proteins. These infected cells also display CK2-containing filopodia protrusions associated with budding viral particles. Hence the protrusions may assist the virus in in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For a compound to reach a tissue, it usually must be taken into the bloodstream – often via mucous surfaces like the digestive tract (intestinal absorption) – before being taken up by the target cells. Factors such as poor compound solubility, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, chemical instability in the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In many cases, the Benesi–Hildebrand method provides excellent linear plots, and reasonable values for K and ε. However, various problems arising from experimental data have been noted from time to time. Some of these issues include: different values of ε with different concentration scales, lack of consistency between... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the [Mn(HO)] metal complex, manganese has an oxidation state of +2, thus it is a d ion. HO is a weak field ligand (spectrum shown below), and according to the Tanabe–Sugano diagram for d ions, the ground state is A. Note that there is no sextet spin multiplicity in any excited state, hence the transitions from this... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Selegiline is a selective inhibitor of MAO-B, irreversibly inhibiting it by binding to it covalently. It is generally believed to exert its effects by blocking the breakdown of dopamine, thus increasing its activity; however, recent evidence suggests that MAO-A is solely or almost entirely responsible for the metabolis... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The class Duplopiviricetes is the second clade of dsRNA viruses and is in the phylum Pisuviricota, which also contains positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. Duplopiviricetes mostly contains plant and fungal viruses and includes the following four families: Amalgaviridae, Hypoviridae, Partitiviridae, and Picobirna... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It is semisynthetic and in the same class as penicillin. Cloxacillin is used against staphylococci that produce beta-lactamase, due to its large R chain, which does not allow the beta-lactamases to bind. This drug has a weaker antibacterial activity than benzylpenicillin, and is devoid of serious toxicity except for al... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The electromigration degradation of the on-chip power grid network/interconnect depends on the IR drop noise of the power grid interconnect.
The electromigration-aware lifetime of the power grid interconnects as well as the chip decreases if the chip suffers from a high value of the IR drop noise. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A pitch drop experiment is a long-term experiment which measures the flow of a piece of pitch over many years. "Pitch" is the name for any of a number of highly viscous liquids which appear solid, most commonly bitumen, also known as asphalt. At room temperature, tar pitch flows at a very low rate, taking several years... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sinistral and dextral, in some scientific fields, are the two types of chirality ("handedness") or relative direction. The terms are derived from the Latin words for "left" (sinister) and "right" (dexter). Other disciplines use different terms (such as dextro- and laevo-rotary in chemistry, or clockwise and anticlockwi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Secreted by leukocytes, respectively fibroblasts, IFNα IFNβ together regulate antiviral immunity, cell proliferation and anti-tumor effects. In viral infection signalling pathway, either of IFNα or β binds to IFN receptor (IFNAR), composed of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2, immediately followed by the phosphorylation of STAT1, STAT... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The term advection often serves as a synonym for convection, and this correspondence of terms is used in the literature. More technically, convection applies to the movement of a fluid (often due to density gradients created by thermal gradients), whereas advection is the movement of some material by the velocity of th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
At room temperature, anhydrous cobalt chloride has the cadmium chloride structure () (Rm) in which the cobalt(II) ions are octahedrally coordinated. At about 706 °C (20 degrees below the melting point), the coordination is believed to change to tetrahedral. The vapor pressure has been reported as 7.6 mmHg at the meltin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Having reads of 400-500 base pairs length is sufficient to determine the species or strain of the organism where the DNA comes from, provided its genome is already known, by using for example a k-mer based taxonomic classifier software. With millions of reads from next generation sequencing of an environmental sample, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the case of magic angle spinning DNP (MAS-DNP), the mechanism is different but to understand it, a two spins system can still be used. The polarization process of the nucleus still occurs when the microwave irradiation excites the double quantum or zero quantum transition, but due to the fact that the sample is spin... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Researchers have found spongin to be useful in the photocatalytic degradation and removal of bisphenols (such as BPA) in wastewater. A heterogeneous catalyst consisting of a spongin scaffold for iron phthalocyanine (SFe) in conjunction with peroxide and UV radiation has been shown to remove phenolic wastes more quickl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1942 Professor Friedrich Paneth was recruiting young chemists for the nuclear energy project. Wilkinson joined and was sent out to Canada, where he stayed in Montreal and later Chalk River Laboratories until he could leave in 1946. For the next four years he worked with Professor Glenn T. Seaborg at University of Ca... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Jean Lynch-Stieglitz is a paleoceanographer known for her research on reconstructing changes in ocean circulation over the last 100,000 years. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many different proteins bind to particular TET enzymes and recruit the TETs to specific genomic locations. In some studies, further analysis is needed to determine whether the interaction per se mediates the recruitment or instead the interacting partner helps to establish a favourable chromatin environment for TET bi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A coalescer is a device which induces coalescence in a medium. They are primarily used to separate emulsions into their components via various processes, operating in reverse to an emulsifier.
Coalescers are of two main types: mechanical and electrostatic. Mechanical coalescers use filters or baffles to make droplets c... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hemichromes form an insoluble macromolecule (macromolecular aggregate) by copolymerization with the cytoplasm of band 3. Covalent bonds reinforce the aggregate interactions of the hemichromes which are accumulated on the surface of the membrane. However, hemichromes are less stable than their native form. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1898, Scientific American published an article called Bessemer Steel and its Effect on the World explaining the significant economic effects of the increased supply in cheap steel. They noted that the expansion of railroads into previously sparsely inhabited regions of the country had led to settlement in those regi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pharmacology and pharmacotherapy (like health care generally) are universally relevant around the world, making translingual communication about them an important goal. An interlingual perspective is thus useful in drug nomenclature. The WHO issues INNs in English, Latin, French, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, and Chinese. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Saturation binding measures the specific binding of a radioligand at varying concentrations while at equilibrium. Through this method, the number of receptors can be determined as well as affinity of the ligand to these receptors. Saturation binding experiments are often called "Scatchard experiments" as they can be gr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, stagnation temperature is the temperature at a stagnation point in a fluid flow. At a stagnation point the speed of the fluid is zero and all of the kinetic energy has been converted to internal energy and is added to the local static enthalpy. In both compressible and incompressi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
PDE5 inhibitors are generally well tolerated, with side effects including transient headaches, flushing, dyspepsia, congestion and dizziness. There have also been reports of temporary vision disturbances with sildenafil and, to a lesser extent, vardenafil, and back and muscle pain with tadalafil. These side effects may... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Polyoxins are a group of nucleoside antibiotics composed of heterocyclic moieties containing nitrogen. An example is Polyoxin B.
Polyoxins work by inhibiting the biosynthesis of chitin. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The mathematical similarities between the expressions for shear viscocity, thermal conductivity and diffusion coefficient of the ideal (dilute) gas is not a coincidence; It is a direct result of the Onsager reciprocal relations (i.e. the detailed balance of the reversible dynamics of the particles), when applied to the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Allyltrimethylsilane is the organosilicon compound with the formula (CH)SiCHCH=CH. The molecule consists of the trimethylsilyl group attached to allyl group. This colorless liquid is used in organic synthesis. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Born in Kobe, Japan, Yamamoto earned a B.S. at Kyoto University in 1967 and a Ph.D. at Harvard University in 1971.
He was a professor at Nagoya University from 1983 until 2002 and has since been a professor within the Department of Chemistry at the University of Chicago. His research work is largely in the chemistry o... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ajith Chrysantha Stephen Perera, JP, CChem., FRSC (29 February 1956 – 29 October 2020) was a Chartered Chemist by profession, a scholar, a former senior manager in industry, a qualified training instructor, also a former test-match-panel cricket umpire.
The international admiration Perera has won and the national... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Due to the constant perfusion of the microdialysis probe with fresh perfusate, a total equilibrium cannot be established. This results in dialysate concentrations that are lower than those measured at the distant sampling site. In order to correlate concentrations measured in the dialysate with those present at the dis... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The identity of the repeat units (monomer residues, also known as "mers") comprising a polymer is its first and most important attribute. Polymer nomenclature is generally based upon the type of monomer residues comprising the polymer. A polymer which contains only a single type of repeat unit is known as a homopolymer... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pinealon is a tripeptide composed of -glutamic acid, -aspartic acid, and -arginine and is notated as Glu-Asp-Arg or EDR. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Full article: Iron Fertilization
Iron fertilization is a facet of geoengineering, which purposefully manipulates the Earth's climate system, typically in aspects of the carbon cycle or radiative forcing. Of current geoengineering interest is the possibility of accelerating the biological pump to increase export of carb... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* In non-homogeneous media, the diffusion coefficient varies in space, . This dependence does not affect Fick's first law but the second law changes:
* In anisotropic media, the diffusion coefficient depends on the direction. It is a symmetric tensor . Fick's first law changes to it is the product of a tensor and a v... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The success of DNA based markers lead to the development of PCR. PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is a DNA amplification technique that can be applied to various types of fragments. Prior to this development, to amplify DNA, it had to be cloned or isolated. Shortly after the discovery of PCR came the idea of using PCR-b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The stoichiometric name is followed by the number of hydrogen atoms in brackets. For example BH, diborane(6). More structural information can be conveyed by adding the "structural descriptor" closo-, nido-, arachno-, hypho-, klado- prefixes.<br />
There is a fully systematic method of numbering the atoms in the boron h... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The mycofactocin biosynthesis pathway is one of the most abundant of any RiPP system in the collection of bacterial genomes sequenced to date. However, its species distribution is heavily skewed towards the Actinomycetota, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is the causative agent of tuberculosis and therefore ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is also a myokine, though BDNF produced by contracting muscle is not released into circulation. Rather, BDNF produced in skeletal muscle appears to enhance the oxidation of fat. Skeletal muscle activation through exercise also contributes to an increase in BDNF secretion in the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Antibody-vaccine engineered construct abbreviated AVEC is an anti cancer drug in clinical trials that enables the immune system to detect and naturally eliminate malignant cells. It is a biomolecularly engineered molecule consisting of the two main components: (1) antibody; (2) vaccine. (1) The antibody component binds... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The allyl ligand is commonly found in organometallic chemistry. Most commonly, allyl ligands bind to metals via all three carbon atoms, the η-binding mode. The η-allyl group is classified as an LX-type ligand in the Green LXZ ligand classification scheme, serving as a 3e donor using neutral electron counting and 4e do... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pepscan is a procedure for mapping and characterizing epitopes involving the synthesis of overlapping peptides and analysis of the peptides in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The method is based on combinatorial chemistry and was pioneered by Mario Geysen and coworkers.
Rob Meloen was one of Geysen's co-w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Scientists began to wonder about the energetic of cluster formation early in the 19th century. Henry Eyring developed the activated-complex theory describing kinetics of reactions. Interest in studying the weak interactions of molecules and ions(e.g. van der Waals) in clusters encouraged gas phase spectroscopy, in 1962... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The citrate-malate shuttle is a series of chemical reactions, commonly referred to as a biochemical cycle or system, that transports acetyl-CoA in the mitochondrial matrix across the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes for fatty acid synthesis. Mitochondria are enclosed in a double membrane. As the inner mitochondr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Gene fusion
** Recurrent somatic fusions of the two genes, NGFI-A–binding protein 2 (NAB2) and STAT6, located at chromosomal region 12q13, have been identified in solitary fibrous tumors.
*Amplification
**STAT6 is amplified in a subset of dedifferentiated liposarcoma. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hydrophobicity scales can also be obtained by calculating the solvent accessible surface areas for amino acid residues in the expended polypeptide chain or in alpha-helix and multiplying the surface areas by the empirical solvation parameters for the corresponding types of atoms.
A differential solvent accessible surf... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Organic nitroso complexes can be prepared from preformed organic nitroso precursors. These precursors usually exist as N-N bonded dimers, but the dimer dissociates readily. This direct method is used to give W(CO)(tert-BuNO) (where tert-Bu is ). The Fe-porphyrin complex depicted below is prepared by this route. More ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hemispherical transmittance of a surface, denoted T, is defined as
where
*Φ is the radiant flux transmitted by that surface;
*Φ is the radiant flux received by that surface. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* The larvae of the berothid lacewing Lomamyia latipennis feed on termites which they subdue with an aggressive allomone. The first instar approaches a termite and waves the tip of its abdomen near the termite's head. The termite becomes immobile after 1 to 3 minutes, and completely paralysed very soon after this, alth... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A retention basin, sometimes called a retention pond, wet detention basin, or storm water management pond (SWMP), is an artificial pond with vegetation around the perimeter and a permanent pool of water in its design. It is used to manage stormwater runoff, for protection against flooding, for erosion control, and to s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For the subsequent reaction at high temperatures, it is necessary to choose a suitable container material which is chemically inert to the reactants under the heating conditions used. The noble metals, platinum and gold, are usually suitable. Containers may be crucibles or boats made from foil. For low temperature reac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In a polyrotaxane, unlike a conventional polymer, the molecules are linked by mechanical bonding, such as hydrogen boding or charge transfer, not covalent bonds. Also, the rings are capable of rotating on or shuttling around the axles, resulting in the large amount of freedom of polyrotaxanes. This unconventional combi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization (MALDI), the sample is incorporated in a chemical matrix that is capable of absorbing energy from a laser. Similar to SIMS, ionization happens in vacuum. Laser irradiation ablates the matrix material from the surface and results in charged gas phase matrix particles, t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An amidate/imidate anion is formed upon deprotonation of an amide or imidic acid. Since amides and imidic acids are tautomers, they form the same anion upon deprotonation. The two names are thus synonyms describing the same anion, although arguably, imidate refers to the resonance contributor on the left, while amidate... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many human-made chemicals are derived from fossil fuels (such as petroleum or coal) in which is greatly depleted because the age of fossils far exceeds the half-life of . The relative absence of is therefore used to determine the relative contribution (or mixing ratio) of fossil fuel oxidation to the total carbon dio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In the Hooker reaction (1936) an alkyl chain in a certain naphthoquinone (phenomenon first observed in the compound lapachol) is reduced by one methylene unit as carbon dioxide in each potassium permanganate oxidation.
:Mechanistically oxidation causes ring-cleavage at the alkene group, extrusion of carbon dioxide in d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Synergetics is an interdisciplinary science explaining the formation and self-organization of patterns and structures in open systems far from thermodynamic equilibrium. It is founded by Hermann Haken, inspired by the laser theory. Hakens interpretation of the laser principles as self-organization of non-equilibrium sy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
*An Excellent Nickel Boride Catalyst for the Cis-Selective Semihydrogenation of Acetylenes Tetrahedron (J. Choi and N. M. Yoon), Tetrahedron Lett. Vol.37 p. 1057 (1996)
*A New Coupling Reaction of Alkyl Iodides with Electron Deficient Alkenes Using Nickel Boride(cat.)- Borohydride Exchange Resin in Methanol (T. B. Sim,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dietmar Seyferth (January 11, 1929 – June 6, 2020) was an emeritus professor of chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He published widely on topics in organometallic chemistry and was the founding editor of the journal Organometallics. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The frequency of light scattered by particles undergoing electrophoresis is shifted by the amount of the Doppler effect, from that of the incident light, : .
The shift can be detected by means of heterodyne optics in which the scattering light is mixed with the reference light.
The autocorrelation function of intensi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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