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Increased RNA levels of Alu, which requires L1 proteins, are associated with a form of age-related macular degeneration, a neurological disorder of the eyes.
The naturally occurring mouse retinal degeneration model rd7 is caused by an L1 insertion in the Nr2e3 gene. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Niyazi Serdar Sarıçiftçi graduated from the Austrian St. George's College in Istanbul. He also studied classical piano at the Music Conservatory in Istanbul (1970–1980).
Then he began studying physics at the University of Vienna (1980–1989). After obtaining the doctorate (1989), he conducted research on the 2nd Physica... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
To analyze the behavior of the crystals in this type of polymers, the WAXS and DSC techniques are used; these techniques help to determine what percentage of the polymer are crystals and how they are organized. This is due to the fact that the crystallinity decreases as the crosslinking increases, since the chains lose... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phycobilisomes are light-harvesting antennae that transmit the energy of harvested photons to photosystem II and photosystem I in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of red algae and glaucophytes. They were lost during the evolution of the chloroplasts of green algae and plants. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The hydrophobic interaction is mostly an entropic effect originating from the disruption of the highly dynamic hydrogen bonds between molecules of liquid water by the nonpolar solute, causing the water to form a clathrate-like structure around the non-polar molecules. This structure formed is more highly ordered than f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The energy efficiency of a conventional thermal power station is defined as saleable energy produced as a percent of the heating value of the fuel consumed. A simple cycle gas turbine achieves energy conversion efficiencies from 20 to 35%. Typical coal-based power plants operating at steam pressures of 170 bar and 570... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Water undergoes electrolysis at high temperatures to form hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. The energy to perform this is extracted from renewable sources such as wind power. Then, the hydrogen is reacted with compressed carbon dioxide captured by direct air capture. The reaction produces blue crude which consists of hydroc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mitochondrial threshold effect is a phenomenon where the number of mutated mtDNA has surpassed a certain threshold which causes the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis of a mitochondrion to fail. There isn't a set number that needs to be surpassed, however, it is associated with an increase of the number of muta... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Goldschmidt tolerance factor () is a dimensionless number that is calculated from the ratio of the ionic radii:
In an ideal cubic perovskite structure, the lattice parameter (i.e., length) of the unit cell (a) can be calculated using the following equation: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A typical laboratory FPLC consist of one or two high-precision pumps, a control unit, a column, a detection system and a fraction collector. Although it is possible to operate the system manually, the components are normally linked to a personal computer or, in older units, a microcontroller. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mary Jean Garson (born 6 November 1953) is an organic chemist and academic in Australia. She currently works for the University of Queensland. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Uranium is a naturally occurring element found in low levels within all rock, soil, and water. This is the highest-numbered element to be found naturally in significant quantities on earth. According to the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation the normal concentration of uranium in soi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The mechanism of the Hofmeister series is not entirely clear, but does not seem to result from changes in general water structure, instead more specific interactions between ions and proteins and ions and the water molecules directly contacting the proteins may be more important. Simulation studies have shown that the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After 1990, the entire pharmacy underwent extensive refurbishment, as the building had been neglected for almost 50 years. This refurbishment lasted over 10 years until 2003.
Presently the main part of the pharmacy is located on the first floor and sells most modern medicines, including aspirin, and even supplies cond... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A galvanic anode, or sacrificial anode, is the main component of a galvanic cathodic protection system used to protect buried or submerged metal structures from corrosion.
They are made from a metal alloy with a more "active" voltage (more negative reduction potential / more positive electrode potential) than the metal... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In physics, interference is the meeting of two correlated waves and either increasing or lowering the net amplitude, depending on whether it is constructive or destructive interference. If a crest of a wave meets a crest of another wave at the same point then the crests interfere constructively and the resultant crest ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The line coefficient (Fig 5) suggests that this is a fairly accurate result, however this is only the case for the pairing of that particular solid with those particular liquids. In other cases, the fit may not be so great (such is the case if we replace polyethylene with poly(methyl methacrylate), wherein the line coe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Temperature plays a key role in the ecology, physiology and metabolism of aquatic species. The rate of PCB metabolism was temperature dependent in yellow perch (Perca flavescens). In fall and winter, only 11 out of 72 introduced PCB congeners were excreted and had halflives of more than 1,000 days. During spring and su... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Methylene iodide and two equivalents of ethyl acetoacetate react in the presence of sodium methoxide to form the diethyl ester of 2,4-diacetyl pentane. This precursor is treated with base to induce cyclization. Finally, heat is applied to generate Hagemann's ester. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The defensive spray of skunks consists mainly of low-molecular-weight thiols and derivatives with a foul odor, which protects the skunk from predators. Owls are able to prey on skunks, as they lack a sense of smell. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) is a good example of an amphibolic pathway because it functions in both the degradative (carbohydrate, protein, and fatty acid) and biosynthetic processes. The citric acid cycle occurs on the cytosol of bacteria and within the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells. It provides electrons t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Turner angle is related to the density ratio mathematically by:
Meanwhile, Turner angle has more advantages than density ratio in aspects of:
* The infinite scale of is replaced by a finite one running from +π to -π;
* The strong fingering () and weak fingering () regions occupy about the same space on the Tu scale;
*... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
We use z as an axial coordinate and r as the radial
coordinate, and assume axisymmetry. The pipe has radius a, and
the fluid velocity is:
The concentration of the diffusing species is denoted c and its
diffusivity is D. The concentration is assumed to be governed by
the linear advection–diffusion equation:
The concentr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It can be synthesised in the following ways:
* as an intermetallic compound, by direct fusion of pure components according to stoichiometric calculations:
* by reduction of uranium dioxide with hydrogen in the presence of platinum: | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phenylmercuric borate and acetate were used for disinfecting mucous membranes at an effective concentration of 0.07% in aqueous solutions. Due to toxicological and ecotoxicological reasons phenylmercury salts are no longer in use. However, some surgeons use mercurochrome despite toxicological objections. Mercurochrome ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
1-Octene, 1-hexene, and 1-butene are used comonomers in the manufacture of polyethylenes. The advantages to such copolymers has led to a focus on catalysts that facilitate the incorporation of these comonomers, e.g., constrained geometry complexes.
Comonomers are often employed to improve the plastification of polymer... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some representative examples of Crich’s β-mannosylation are shown in Scheme 3. It is noteworthy that, with this method in hand, primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols (9, 12, and 13) all serve as glycosyl acceptors effectively in terms of yields and selectivity. In a recent version, the β-mannosylation of thioglycos... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The cAMP signal transduction contains five main characters: stimulative hormone receptor (Rs) or inhibitory hormone receptor (Ri); stimulative regulative G-protein (Gs) or inhibitory regulative G-protein (Gi); adenylyl cyclase; protein kinase A (PKA); and cAMP phosphodiesterase.
Stimulative hormone receptor (Rs) is a r... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ion exchange sorbents separate analytes based on electrostatic interactions between the analyte of interest and the positively or negatively charged groups on the stationary phase. For ion exchange to occur, both the stationary phase and sample must be at a pH where both are charged. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The dye-tuning capabilities cucurbiturils possess have been explored by researchers in recent years. In general, it has been found that the confined, low-polarity environment provided by the cucurbiturils leads to enhanced brightness, increased photostability, increased fluorescence lifetimes, and solvatochromism consi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An isotope and/or nuclide is specified by the name of the particular element (this indicates the atomic number) followed by a hyphen and the mass number (e.g. helium-3, helium-4, carbon-12, carbon-14, uranium-235 and uranium-239). When a chemical symbol is used, e.g. "C" for carbon, standard notation (now known as "AZE... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Antoine Lavoisier noted in 1780 that heat production, in some cases, can be predicted from oxygen consumption, using multiple regression. Indirect calorimetry, as we know it, was developed around 1900 as an application of thermodynamics to animal life. Although the development of indirect calorimetry dates back over 20... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the field of stable isotope geochemistry, isotopologues of simple molecules containing rare heavy isotopes of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur are used to trace equilibrium and kinetic processes in natural environments and in Earth's past. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In combustion, Liñán's flame speed provides the estimate of the upper limit for edge-flame propagation velocity, when the flame curvature is small. The formula is named after Amable Liñán. When the flame thickness is much smaller than the mixing-layer thickness through which the edge flame is propagating, a flame speed... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A pure fusion weapon is a hypothetical hydrogen bomb design that does not need a fission "primary" explosive to ignite the fusion of deuterium and tritium, two heavy isotopes of hydrogen used in fission-fusion thermonuclear weapons. Such a weapon would require no fissile material and would therefore be much easier to d... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Because water has strong cohesive and adhesive forces, it exhibits capillary action. Strong cohesion from hydrogen bonding and adhesion allows trees to transport water more than 100 m upward. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
While the AnMBR technology has many benefits for revolutionizing wastewater treatment, it does not come without its drawbacks. The AnMBR is prone to membrane fouling by aggregation of bacteria. This proves to be quite dangerous for the technology as it would drastically reduce the efficiency of filtration, in turn also... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
When light leaves one material and enters another it bends, or refracts. The refractive index of a material is a measure of how much light bends when it enters. Differential refractometers contain a flow cell with two parts: one for the sample and one for the reference solvent. The detector measures the refractive i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In addition to both surfaces' being practically conformal (in practice often completely flat), the surfaces must also be extremely clean and free from any small contamination that would prevent or weaken the bond—including grease films and specks of dust. For bonding to occur, the surfaces need only to be brought toget... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The biosynthetic pathway to paclitaxel has been investigated and consists of approximately 20 enzymatic steps. The complete scheme is still unavailable. The segments that are known are very different from the synthetic pathways tried thus far (Scheme 1). The starting compound is geranylgeranyl diphosphate 2 which is ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The set of translations and rotations together form the rigid motions or rigid displacements. This set forms a group under composition, the group of rigid motions, a subgroup of the full group of Euclidean isometries. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Recent advances in technology have allowed for the use of argon gas to drive ice formation using a principle known as the Joule-Thomson effect. This gives physicians excellent control of the ice and minimizes complications using ultra-thin 17 gauge cryoneedles. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Orphan Drug Act (ODA) of January 1983, passed in the United States, with lobbying from the National Organization for Rare Disorders and many other organizations, is meant to encourage pharmaceutical companies to develop drugs for diseases that have a small market. Under the ODA drugs, vaccines, and diagnostic agent... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Primary treatment settling removes about half of the solids and a third of the BOD from raw sewage. Secondary treatment is defined as the "removal of biodegradable organic matter (in solution or suspension) and suspended solids. Disinfection is also typically included in the definition of conventional secondary treatme... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Reiner Salzer (Chair), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
*Martino Di Serio (Vice-Chair), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
*Jiří Barek (Secretary for Internal Matters), Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
*Gergely Tóth (Secretary for External Matters), Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Polyethylene
* Polypropylene
* Copolymers of ethylene and 1-alkenes
* Polybutene-1
* Polymethylpentene
* Polycycloolefins
* Polybutadiene
* Polyisoprene
* Amorphous poly-alpha-olefins (APAO)
* Polyacetylene | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Photochromism is the phenomenon that produces a change of colour in a substance by incident radiation. In other words, Photochromism is a light-induced change of colour of a chemical substance. The spiropyrans are one of the photochromatic molecules that have raised more interest lately. These molecules consist of two ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phosphine imides can be isolated as intermediates in the Staudinger reaction and have also been prepared by the action of hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid on phosphines, proceeding via a p-aminophosphonium salt. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
If the reaction is a simple electron transfer reaction, the peaks should remain symmetrical at fast scan rates. A peak separation is observed when the scan rate , where is the exchange electron transfer rate constant in Butler Volmer theory. Laviron equation predicts that at fast scan rates, the peaks separate in prop... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Imines are common in nature. The pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes (PLP enzymes) catalyze myriad reactions involving aldimines (or Schiff bases). Cyclic imines are also substrates for many imine reductase enzymes. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched the Critical Path Initiative in 2004 to transform the way FDA-regulated medical products are developed, evaluated, and manufactured. C-Path was created as an independent organization to respond to the needs outlined in the FDA's initiative and with support and fundin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hepoxilin-epoxide hydrolase or hepoxilin hydrolase is currently best defined as an enzyme activity that converts the biologically active monohydroxy-epoxide metabolites of arachidonic acid hepoxilin A3s and hepoxilin B3s to essentially inactive trihydroxy products, the trioxilins. That is, hepoxilin A3s (8-hydroxy-11,1... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lipotoxicity affects the pancreas when excess free fatty acids are found in beta cells, causing their dysfunction and death. The effects of the lipotoxicity is treated with leptin therapy and insulin sensitizers. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
On 18 August 2014, the British Columbia government ordered an independent engineering investigation into the pond breach and a third-party review of all 2014 dam safety inspections for every permitted mines tailings pond in the province. The report found that the tailings dam collapsed because of its construction on un... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Permeable clay brick pavements are fired clay brick units with open, permeable spaces between the units. Clay pavers provide a durable surface that allows stormwater runoff to permeate through the joints. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gaskets are mechanical seals, usually ring-shaped, which seal flange joints. Gaskets vary by construction, materials and features. Commonly used gaskets are non-metallic (ASME B 16.21), spiral-wound (ASME B 16.20) and ring-joint (ASME B 16.20). Non-metallic gaskets are used with flat- or raised-face flanges. Spiral-wou... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
SOD2 uses cyclic proton-coupled electron transfer reactions to convert superoxide (O) into either oxygen (O) or hydrogen peroxide (HO), depending on the oxidation state of the manganese metal and the protonation status of the active site.
Mn + O ↔ Mn + O
Mn + O + 2H ↔ Mn + HO
The protons of the active site have been di... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Various cultures divide the semantic field of colors differently from the English language usage and some do not distinguish between blue and green in the same way. An example is Welsh where can mean blue or green, or Vietnamese where likewise can mean either. Conversely, in Russian and some other languages, there is... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Consider a strong explosion (such as nuclear bombs) that releases a large amount of energy in a small volume during a short time interval. This will create a strong spherical shock wave propagating outwards from the explosion center. The self-similar solution tries to describe the flow when the shock wave has moved th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1975, John H. Beynon was appointed the Royal Society Research Professor and established the Mass Spectrometry Research Unit at Swansea University (at that time known as the University College of Swansea). In 1986, Dai Games moved from Cardiff University to become the Units new Director.
In 1984, the first observatio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Potassium sulfides are formed when black powder is burned and are important intermediates in many pyrotechnic effects, such as senko hanabi and some glitter formulations. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bacteriorhodopsin is a light-driven H ion transporter found in some haloarchaea, most notably Halobacterium salinarum (formerly known as syn. H. halobium). The proton-motive force generated by the protein is used by ATP synthase to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP). By expressing bacteriorhodopsin, the archaea cel... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).
Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Carbon nitrides are compounds consisting only of carbon and nitrogen atoms. Carbon nitrides are also known as organic semiconductors with a band gap of 2.7 eV. Due to its hydrogen-bonding motifs and electron-rich properties, this carbon material is considered a potential candidate for material applications in carbon su... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Early efforts to use rule-based modeling in simulation of biochemical systems include the stochastic simulation systems StochSim
A widely used tool for rule-based modeling of biochemical networks is BioNetGen It is released under the GNU GPL, version 3. BioNetGen includes a language to describe chemical substances, in... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lee's group combines experimental and computational methods to understand mechanisms of reactions important for chemistry and biology. Specifically, Lee has pioneered the use of traditionally physical methods, primarily mass spectrometry and computational chemistry, to tackle problems at the chemistry/biology interface... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
It was envisaged that Taxol (51) could be accessed through tail addition of the Ojima lactam 48 to alcohol 47. Of the four rings of Taxol, the D ring was formed last, the result of a simple intramolecular S2 reaction of hydroxytosylate 38, which could be synthesized from hydroxyketone 27. Formation of the six-membered ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In an effort to explain the surprising stereoselectivities in the systems above, alternative explanations to the Cieplak effect have been proposed. In substituted cyclohexanones, the tendency of small reducing agents to add hydride axially is proposed to be caused by torsional strain instead of hyperconjugation. In an ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The U.S. National Academy of Medicine (NAM), on behalf of both the U.S. and Canada, sets Dietary Reference Intakes, including Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) and Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), or Adequate Intakes (AIs) for when there is not sufficient information to set EARs and RDAs.
For both males and f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pietro Andrea Mattioli was a renowned botanist and physician. He published a translation of De Materia Medica into Italian in 1544 and ten years later published a work in Latin with all the plants of Dioscorides and 562 woodcut illustrations. It appeared in 1554, printed by Vicenzo Valgrisi, in Venice. Mattioli made a ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The rate of substrate utilization is related to the specific growth rate as
where
: X is the total biomass (since the specific growth rate μ is normalized to the total biomass),
: Y is the yield coefficient.
r is negative by convention.
In some applications, several terms of the form [S] / (K + [S]) are multiplied toge... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
* Wolfram Saenger, Principles of Nucleic Acid Structure, 1984, Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
* Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, and Peter Walter Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2007, . Fourth edition is available online through the NCBI Bookshelf: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1896 Zeeman learned that his laboratory had one of Henry Augustus Rowlands highest resolving Rowland grating, an imaging spectrographic mirror. Zeeman had read James Clerk Maxwells article in Encyclopædia Britannica describing Michael Faraday's failed attempts to influence light with magnetism. Zeeman wondered if th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Graphite intercalation compounds have fascinated materials scientists for many years owing to their diverse electronic and electrical properties. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The process of transcriptional termination is less understood in eukaryotes, which have extensive post-transcriptional RNA processing, and each of the three types of eukaryotic RNA polymerase have a different termination system.
In RNA polymerase I, Transcription termination factor, RNA polymerase I binds downstream of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In microwave sintering, heat is sometimes generated internally within the material, rather than via surface radiative heat transfer from an external heat source. Some materials fail to couple and others exhibit run-away behavior, so it is restricted in usefulness. A benefit of microwave sintering is faster heating for ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Genes nested opposite the coding sequences of their host genes are very rare, and have been observed in prokaryotes, and more recently, in yeast (S. cerevisiae) and in Tetrahymena thermophila. These non-intronic nested genes remain to be identified in metazoan genomes. As with intronic nested genes, nonintronic nested ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Through the process of alternative splicing, the CKLF gene encodes 4 CKLF protein isoforms, i.e. proteins made from different areas of the same gene. These isoforms are 1) CKLF1 and CKLF3 proteins that consist of 99 and 67 amino acids, respectively, and are secreted from their parent cells and 2) CKLF2 (which is the f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chromium is claimed to be an essential element involved in the regulation of blood glucose levels within the body. More recent reviews have questioned this, however.
It is believed to interact with the low-molecular weight chromium (LMWCr) binding substance to amplify the action of insulin. Today, the use of chromium a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Plant viruses are viruses that affect plants. Like all other viruses, plant viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that do not have the molecular machinery to replicate without a host. Plant viruses can be pathogenic to vascular plants ("higher plants").
Most plant viruses are rod-shaped, with protein discs formi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The equilibrium hypothesis does not stand for very rapid chemical reactions in which the transition state theory breaks down. In such cases involving strongly dipolar, slowly relaxing solvents, solvation of the transition state does not play a very large role in affecting the reaction rate. Instead, dynamic contributio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Oxidative addition into cyclopropenes normally occurs at the less hindered position to yield the metallacyclobutane. This reaction can result in formation of cyclopentadienones, cyclohexenones, and phenols. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The final loaded carbon is removed from the machinery and extracted with a hot alkaline solution of cyanide. The elute solution passes through an electrowinning cell where the gold metal is deposited. The solution then passes back through the loaded carbon, extracting more gold and other metals. This process continues ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Herbertsmithite is one of the most extensively studied QSL candidate materials. It is a mineral with chemical composition ZnCu(OH)Cl and a rhombohedral crystal structure. Notably, the copper ions within this structure form stacked two-dimensional layers of kagome lattices. Additionally, superexchange over the oxygen bo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Caspian has characteristics common to both seas and lakes. It is often listed as the world's largest lake, although it is not freshwater: the 1.2% salinity classes it with brackish water bodies.
It contains about 3.5 times as much water, by volume, as all five of North Americas Great Lakes combined. The Volga River... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The formation of raw iron ore pellets, also known as pelletizing, has the objective of producing pellets in an appropriate band of sizes and with mechanical properties high usefulness during the stresses of transference, transport, and use. For example, waste materials are ground before being heated and introduced into... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
;Woven wire mesh sieves
Woven wire mesh sieves are according to technical requirements of ISO 3310-1. These sieves usually have nominal aperture ranging from 20 micrometers to 3.55 millimeters, with diameters ranging from 100 to 450 millimeters.
;Perforated plate sieves
Perforated plate sieves conform to ISO 3310-2 and... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Often a multi-disciplinary approach is taken in compiling all the components of a Phase I study, since skills in chemistry, atmospheric physics, geology, microbiology and even botany are frequently required. Many of the preparers are environmental scientists who have been trained to integrate these diverse disciplin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Precondition for the applicability of sensor-based ore sorting is the presence of liberation at the particle size of interest. Before entering into sensor-based ore sorting testing procedures there is the possibility to assess the degree of liberation through the inspection of drill cores, hand-counting and washability... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
G proteins, also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins that act as molecular switches inside cells, and are involved in transmitting signals from a variety of stimuli outside a cell to its interior. Their activity is regulated by factors that control their ability to bind to and hydrol... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the work Life of Apollonius by Philostratus the Athenian, an allegorical description is given of an occult hill. The author gives this hill the name "Athanor".
"Athanor" is the name of two works by 20th century German artist Anselm Kiefer: one currently displayed in the Toledo Museum of Art and the other commission... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Early items designed and produced by Friedrich Deusch are very classical, and this was followed by an abstract phase of Art Déco in its purest form. From the 1950s, it was more a concrete style with flowers and so forth. Deusch applied silver overlay to vases, plates, coffee and tea services, and other items.
From the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics, a moving shock is a shock wave that is travelling through a fluid (often gaseous) medium with a velocity relative to the velocity of the fluid already making up the medium. As such, the normal shock relations require modification to calculate the properties before and after the moving shock. A know... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Surface tension of a liquid is the force per unit length. In the illustration on the right, the rectangular frame, composed of three unmovable sides (black) that form a "U" shape, and a fourth movable side (blue) that can slide to the right. Surface tension will pull the blue bar to the left; the force required to ho... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
ACh is always used as the neurotransmitter within the autonomic ganglion. Nicotinic receptors on the postganglionic neuron are responsible for the initial fast depolarization (Fast EPSP) of that neuron. As a consequence of this, nicotinic receptors are often cited as the receptor on the postganglionic neurons at the ga... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
ISO 7027:1999 is an ISO standard for water quality that enables the determination of turbidity. The ISO 7027 technique is used to determine the concentration of suspended particles in a sample of water by measuring the incident light scattered at right angles from the sample. The scattered light is captured by a photod... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Adhesives commonly react with oxygen at low temperatures, which leads to a slow break down of polymer chains. The breakdown of polymer chains is often undetectable until the adhesive has reached a critical point where the stability of remainder of the adhesive rapidly degrades. High temperature accelerated testing ofte... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Unlike other GDNF family of ligands, persephin only contains one RXXR cleavage site, rather than multiple, indicating that it can only make one length of functional peptide. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The crushed ore is irrigated with a dilute alkaline cyanide solution. The solution containing the dissolved precious metals in a pregnant solution continues percolating through the crushed ore until it reaches the liner at the bottom of the heap where it drains into a storage (pregnant solution) pond. After separating ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Immunogold labeling or immunogold staining (IGS) is a staining technique used in electron microscopy. This staining technique is an equivalent of the indirect immunofluorescence technique for visible light. Colloidal gold particles are most often attached to secondary antibodies which are in turn attached to primary an... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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