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The reaction mechanism centers around the formation of an iminophosphorane through nucleophilic addition of the aryl or alkyl phosphine at the terminal nitrogen atom of the organic azide and expulsion of diatomic nitrogen. The iminophosphorane is then hydrolyzed in the second step to the amine and a phosphine oxide byp... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cyclic silyl enol ethers undergo regiocontrolled one-carbon ring contractions. These reactions employ electron-deficient sulfonyl azides, which undergo chemoselective, uncatalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition to the silyl enol ether, followed by loss of dinitrogen, and alkyl migration to give ring-contracted products in good yi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
GaN dust is an irritant to skin, eyes and lungs. The environment, health and safety aspects of gallium nitride sources (such as trimethylgallium and ammonia) and industrial hygiene monitoring studies of MOVPE sources have been reported in a 2004 review.
Bulk GaN is non-toxic and biocompatible. Therefore, it may be used... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Alcohols add to electrophilically activated alkenes. The method is atom-economical:
: RC=CR + R–OH → RCH–C(–O–R)–R
Acid catalysis is required for this reaction. Commericially important ethers prepared in this way are derived from isobutene or isoamylene, which protonate to give relatively stable carbocations. Using e... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
cDNA library lacks the non-coding and regulatory elements found in genomic DNA. Genomic DNA libraries provide more detailed information about the organism, but are more resource-intensive to generate and keep. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Her research involves structural characterization of biopolymers using mass spectrometry-based techniques, such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, thin-layer chromatography-mass spectrometry, Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Under the Acronym Biofector the European Union supports the Research of Bioeffectors under the leadership of the University of Hohenheim. Coordinator Guenter Neumann, Projectmembers: Jiří Balík, Borbala Biro, Karl Fritz Lauer, Uwe Ludewig, Torsten Müller, Alessandro Piccolo, Manfred G. Raupp, Kornelia Smalla, Pavel Tlu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
T5 lamps are approximately 40% smaller than T8 Lamps. T5 lamps have a G5 base while T8 lamps use a G13 base. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thylakoids (sometimes spelled thylakoïds), are small interconnected sacks which contain the membranes that the light reactions of photosynthesis take place on. The word thylakoid comes from the Greek word thylakos which means "sack".
Suspended within the chloroplast stroma is the thylakoid system, a highly dynamic coll... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Effective 18 August 2014, tramadol has been placed into Schedule IV of the federal Controlled Substances Act in the United States. Before that, some US states had already classified tramadol as a Schedule IV controlled substance under their respective state laws.
Tramadol is classified in Schedule 4 (prescription only)... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Common side effects include headache, dizziness, feeling tired, cough, nausea, and rash. Serious side effects may include low blood pressure, liver problems, hyperkalemia, and angioedema. Use is not recommended during the entire duration of pregnancy as it may harm the baby. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Among the TrkA agonists, the small molecule gambogic amide exerts a potent neurotrophic activity decreasing apoptosis in primary hippocampal neurons. The non-peptidic TrkA agonist MT2 protects neurons from Aβ amyloid-mediated death in NGF-deficient neurons and talaumidin and its derivatives show neuroprotective effects... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Traditionally, ultrasound B-Mode imaging has been designed for allowing a visual evaluation of human organs and their features by clinicians; however, this implies that the huge quantity of information carried by ultrasound signals is processed and significantly reduced for visualization purposes. REMS technology inste... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In molecules whose vibrational mode involves a rotational or pseudorotational mechanism (such as the Berry mechanism or the Bartell mechanism), Van der Waals strain can cause significant differences in potential energy, even between molecules with identical geometry.
PF, for example, has significantly lower potential ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Metallacarboxylic acids exist in equilibria with the carboxylate anions, LMCO.
Metallacarboxylate esters (LMCOR) arise by the addition of alkoxide to metal carbonyl:
:[LM-CO] + ROH → [LM-COR] + H
Metallacarboxylic amides (LMC(O)NR) arise by the addition of amide to metal carbonyl:
:[LM-CO] + 2 RNH → [LM-C(O)N(H)R] + RN... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In organic chemistry, the Hass–Bender oxidation (also called the Hass–Bender carbonyl synthesis) is an organic oxidation reaction that converts benzyl halides into benzaldehydes using the sodium salt of 2-nitropropane as the oxidant. This name reaction is named for Henry B. Hass and Myron L. Bender, who first reported ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Within living things, isotopic labels (both radioactive and nonradioactive) can be used to probe how the complex web of reactions which makes up the metabolism of an organism converts one substance to another. For instance a green plant uses light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose by photosynthesi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
DNA sequences of HBsAg were obtained from 180 patients, in which 51 were chronic HBV carrier and 129 newly diagnosed patients, and compared with consensus sequences built with 168 HBV sequences imported from GenBank. Literature review and BLOSUM scores were used to define potentially altered antigenicity. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Creatinine (; from Ancient Greek: κρέας (kréas) flesh) is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate from muscle and protein metabolism. It is released at a constant rate by the body (depending on muscle mass). | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In case (c), the spin-orbit coupling is stronger than the coupling to the internuclear axis, and and from case (a) cannot be defined. Instead and combine to form , which has a projection along the internuclear axis of magnitude . Then , as in case (a).
The good quantum numbers in case (c) are , , and . Since is ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Manning formula or Manning's equation is an empirical formula estimating the average velocity of a liquid in an open channel flow (flowing in a conduit that does not completely enclose the liquid). However, this equation is also used for calculation of flow variables in case of flow in partially full conduits, as t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The basic apparatus comprises an optical microscope, a light source and some fluorescent probe. Fluorescent emission is contingent upon absorption of a specific optical wavelength or color which restricts the choice of lamps. Most commonly, a broad spectrum mercury or xenon source is used in conjunction with a color fi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Navier–Stokes equations for steady flow, with zero viscosity and a body force corresponding to the Coriolis force, are
where is the fluid velocity, is the fluid density, and the pressure. If we assume that is a scalar potential and the advective term on the left may be neglected (reasonable if the Rossby number... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The generalized Liñán's equation is given by
where and are constant reaction orders of fuel and oxidizer, respectively. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
These techniques employ electric currents to drive or enhance sintering. English engineer A. G. Bloxam registered in 1906 the first patent on sintering powders using direct current in vacuum. The primary purpose of his inventions was the industrial scale production of filaments for incandescent lamps by compacting tung... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Eoxin E4, also known as 14,15-leukotriene E4, is an eoxin. Cells make eoxins by metabolizing arachidonic acid with a 15-lipoxygenase enzyme to form 15(S)-hydroperoxyeicosapentaenoic acid (i.e. 15(S)-HpETE). This product is then converted serially to eoxin A4 (i.e. EXA4), EXC4, EXD4, and EXE4 by LTC4 synthase, an uniden... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ion current density is typically measured in mA/cm, and ion energy in eV. The use of eV is convenient for converting between voltage and energy, especially when dealing with singly-charged ion beams, as well as converting between energy and temperature (1 eV = 11600 K). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Rotation axes are denoted by a number n – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, ... (angle of rotation ). For improper rotations, Hermann–Mauguin symbols show rotoinversion axes, unlike Schoenflies and Shubnikov notations, that shows rotation-reflection axes. The rotoinversion axes are represented by the corresponding number with a ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Protein separate techniques, such as 2D PAGE, are limited in that they cannot handle very high or low molecular weight protein species. Alternative methods have been developed to deal with such cases. These include liquid chromatography mass spectrometry along with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electropho... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Retrofitting is the addition of new technology or features to older systems. Retrofits can happen for a number of reasons, for example with big capital expenditures like naval vessels, military equipment or manufacturing plants, businesses or governments may retrofit in order to reduce the need to replace a system enti... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Silicon single crystals may be produced today in commercial facilities with extremely high purity and with few lattice defects. This method defined the Avogadro constant as the ratio of the molar volume, V, to the atomic volume V:
where and n is the number of atoms per unit cell of volume V.
The unit cell of silicon h... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mutations in emerin cause X-linked recessive Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, which is characterized by early contractures in the Achilles tendons, elbows and post-cervical muscles; muscle weakness proximal in the upper limbs and distal in lower limbs; along with cardiac conduction defects that range from sinus brady... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
[F]FDG, as a glucose analog, is taken up by high-glucose-using cells such as brain, brown adipocytes, kidney, and cancer cells, where phosphorylation prevents the glucose from being released again from the cell, once it has been absorbed. The 2-hydroxyl group (–OH) in normal glucose is needed for further glycolysis (me... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
After completing his PhD, Philipp Kukura moved to Zürich. There he worked at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology as a postdoctoral research assistant under the supervision of Professor Vahid Sandoghdar on nano-optics until 2010. He returned to Oxford in 2010 to work initially as an EPSRC Career Acceleration Fello... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Unlike ideal surfaces, real surfaces do not have perfect smoothness, rigidity, or chemical homogeneity. Such deviations from ideality result in phenomenon called contact angle hysteresis, which is defined as the difference between the advancing (θ) and receding (θ) contact angles
When the contact angle is between the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A majority of cellular proteins are translated and folded in the cytosol with the help of molecular chaperones. Just as proteins must be folded to function in the cytosol, proteins in organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria also must be folded to function. Consequently, specific cellular mechani... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
MIKE 11 is a computer program that simulates flow and water level, water quality and sediment transport in rivers, flood plains, irrigation canals, reservoirs and other inland water bodies. MIKE 11 is a 1-dimensional river model. It was developed by DHI.
MIKE 11 has long been known as a software tool with advanced inte... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The system of DNA profiling used today is based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and uses simple sequences.
From country to country, different STR-based DNA-profiling systems are in use. In North America, systems that amplify the CODIS 20 core loci are almost universal, whereas in the United Kingdom the DNA-17 loci s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Rockefeller Public Service Award (1953)
* Society of Women Engineers Achievement Award (1966)
* Businessweek’s list of 100 Top Corporate Women (1976) | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Essentially, Hox genes contribute to the specification of three main components of limb development, including the stylopod, zeugopod and autopod. Certain mutations in Hox genes can potentially lead to the proximal and/or distal losses along with different abnormalities. Three different models have been created for ou... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The allosteric model suggests that termination occurs due to the structural change of the RNA polymerase unit after binding to or losing some of its associated proteins, making it detach from the DNA strand after the signal. This would occur after the RNA pol II unit has transcribed the poly-A signal sequence, which ac... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A chiral condensate is an example of a fermionic condensate that appears in theories of massless fermions with chiral symmetry breaking, such as the theory of quarks in Quantum Chromodynamics. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Eastern meadow voles are an important prey for many hawks, owls, and mammalian carnivores, and they are also taken by some snakes. Almost all species of raptors take microtine (Microtus spp.) rodents as prey. Birds not usually considered predators of mice do take voles; examples include gulls (Larus spp.), northern shr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In the relativistic limit, the momentum (speed) is large, so using the relativistic energy-momentum equation, the energy becomes essentially the momentum norm (e.g. becomes ). The rest mass can also be neglected.
So for example,
because and .
Thus, | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Two (or more) chemically equivalent (symmetry-related) spins will have the same chemical shift, but those that have a different coupling relationship to the same coupling partner are magnetically inequivalent by the coupling criterion. This occurs in molecules bearing two (or more) chemically distinct groups of symmetr... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The basic building blocks of carotenoids are isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). These two isoprene isomers are used to create various compounds depending on the biological pathway used to synthesize the isomers. Plants are known to use two different pathways for IPP production: the cyt... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Falipamil is a bradycardic drug focused on decreasing the heart rate of animals. The drug focuses on treating sinuses in some animals, with the most common experiments being conducted in dogs. Falipamil is commonly administered to reduce sinus, and different dosage administrations have proven to bear different results ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In natural gas cyclic processes, a unit produces hot reducing gas, which is injected into the reactor. To ensure continuous operation of the unit converting natural gas into reducing gas, several tanks are operated in parallel and with a time lag.
The best-known of this type is HYL I and its improved variant, HYL II. T... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In a mirror furnace, material is heated by the lamps whose radiation is focused by mirrors. They are widely used for growing single crystals for scientific purposes, using the "floating zone" method. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hybridization is the process of complementary base pairs binding to form a double helix. Melting is the process by which the interactions between the strands of the double helix are broken, separating the two nucleic acid strands. These bonds are weak, easily separated by gentle heating, enzymes, or mechanical force. M... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pearlite is a two-phased, lamellar (or layered) structure composed of alternating layers of ferrite (87.5 wt%) and cementite (12.5 wt%) that occurs in some steels and cast irons. During slow cooling of an iron-carbon alloy, pearlite forms by a eutectoid reaction as austenite cools below (the eutectoid temperature). Pe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The freely joined chain, also called an ideal chain, follows the random walk model. Microscopically, the 3-D random walk of a polymer chain assumes the overall end-to-end distance is expressed in terms of the x, y and z directions:
In the model, is the length of a rigid segment, is the number of segments of length , ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
His research focused on the following topics:
* crystallographic group theory in crystal chemistry (Bärnighausen trees)
* synthesis and characterization of new compounds in including rare earth metals
* structure refinements of twinned crystals | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As PA is rapidly converted to DAG, it is very short-lived in the cell. This means that it is difficult to measure PA production and therefore to study the role of PA in the cell. However, PLD activity can be measured by the addition of primary alcohols to the cell. PLD then carries out a transphosphatidylation reaction... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Virtual karyotyping is another cost-effective, clinically available alternative to FISH panels using thousands to millions of probes on a single array to detect copy number changes, genome-wide, at unprecedented resolution. Currently, this type of analysis will only detect gains and losses of chromosomal material and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The [4+4] Photocycloaddition is a cycloaddition reaction in which two unsaturated molecules connect via four atoms from each molecule (hence "4 + 4") to create an eight-membered ring. As a photochemical reaction, it is promoted by some form of light, as opposed to a thermal process. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Limited precision of chemical shift measurements also puts an upper limit of about 4 on . Limited to diamagnetic systems. H NMR cannot be used with solutions of compounds in HO. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The metallurgical production of the Republic of Azerbaijan is considered high due to the large deposits of alunite, polymetallic ores, deposits of iron ore, etc. The metallurgy industry of Azerbaijan encompasses both ferrous and non-ferrous branches. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sulfonic acids are strong acids. They are commonly cited as being around a million times stronger than the corresponding carboxylic acid. For example, p-Toluenesulfonic acid and methanesulfonic acid have pK values of −2.8 and −1.9, respectively, while those of benzoic acid and acetic acid are 4.20 and 4.76, respective... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
O-linked glycopeptides recently have been shown to exhibit excellent CNS permeability and efficacy in multiple animal models with disease states. In addition one of the most intriguing aspects thereof is the capability of O-glycosylation to extend half life, decrease clearance, and improve PK/PD thereof the active pept... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The specific study of the non-ferrous metals used in past. Gold, silver and copper were the first to be used by ancient humans. Gold and copper are both found in their native state in nature, and were thus the first to be exploited as they did not need to be smelted from their ores. They could be hammered into sheets o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
While their function has not yet been studied in great detail, it has been speculated that due to the morphological similarity of paramural bodies to the exosomes produced by mammalian cells, they may perform similar functions such as membrane vesicle trafficking between cells. Current evidence suggests that, like exo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Work hardening is a consequence of plastic deformation, a permanent change in shape. This is distinct from elastic deformation, which is reversible. Most materials do not exhibit only one or the other, but rather a combination of the two. The following discussion mostly applies to metals, especially steels, which are w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Van der Waals strain, or steric strain, occurs when atoms are forced to get closer than their Van der Waals radii allow. Specifically, Van der Waals strain is considered a form of strain where the interacting atoms are at least four bonds away from each other. The amount on steric strain in similar molecules is depend... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The MEDICIS facility is located in the extension of building 179 at the CERN Meyrin site, next to the ISOLDE building. The facility was established by CERN in 2010, along with contributions from the CERN Knowledge Transfer Fund, as well as receiving a European Commission Marie-Skłodowska-Curie training grant under the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The oldest form of mineral processing practiced since the Stone Age is hand-picking. Georgius Agricola also describes hand-picking is his book De re metallica in 1556. Sensor-based sorting is the automation and extension to hand picking. In addition to sensors that measure visible differences like color (and the furthe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Certain methyl groups can be deprotonated. For example, the acidity of the methyl groups in acetone () is about 10 times more acidic than methane. The resulting carbanions are key intermediates in many reactions in organic synthesis and biosynthesis. Fatty acids are produced in this way. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hormonal effects are dependent on where they are released, as they can be released in different manners. Not all hormones are released from a cell and into the blood until it binds to a receptor on a target. The major types of hormone signaling are: | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Society of PEth Research published a harmonization document (2022 Consensus of Basel) for the interpretation of phosphatidylethanol concentrations in the clinical and forensic setting. This consensus represents the first internationally established harmonization document on PEth and was created by an assembly of th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Once radiative capture can no longer proceed on a given nucleus, either from photodisintegration or the drip lines, further nuclear processing to higher mass must either bypass this nucleus by undergoing a reaction with a heavier nucleus such as He, or more often wait for the beta decay. Nuclear species where a signifi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The chemical processing and synthesis of high-performance technological components for the private, industrial, and military sectors requires the use of high-purity ceramics (oxide ceramics, such as aluminium oxide or copper(II) oxide), polymers, glass-ceramics, and composite materials, as metal carbides (SiC), nitride... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Differential refractometers are often used for the analysis of polymer samples in size exclusion chromatography. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, ion association is a chemical reaction whereby ions of opposite electric charge come together in solution to form a distinct chemical entity. Ion associates are classified, according to the number of ions that associate with each other, as ion pairs, ion triplets, etc. Ion pairs are also classified accor... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The technique of selecting only one embryo to transfer to the woman is called elective-single embryo transfer (e-SET) or, when embryos are at the blastocyst stage, it can also be called elective single blastocyst transfer (eSBT). It significantly lowers the risk of multiple pregnancies, compared with e.g. Double Embryo... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Check dams are made of a variety of materials. Because they are typically used as temporary structures, they are often made of cheap and accessible materials such as rocks, gravel, logs, hay bales, and sandbags. Of these, logs and rock check dams are usually permanent or semi-permanent, and sandbag check dams are built... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Extrusion bioprinting includes the consistent statement of a specific printing fabric and cell line from an extruder, a sort of portable print head. This tends to be a more controlled and gentler handle for fabric or cell statement, and permits for more noteworthy cell densities to be utilized within the development of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
After attending the Lycée Charlemagne and Lycée Lavoisier, Urbain studied at the École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de la ville de Paris (ESPCI ParisTech). He graduated as the top student in the schools ninth graduating class, in 1894. At that time he also earned his licence ès sciences physique... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Rates of recycling and methods of waste collection vary substantially across the United States because laws are written on the state or local level and large municipalities often have their own unique systems. Many cities do curbside recycling, meaning they collect household recyclable waste on a weekly or bi-weekly ba... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Glass collection points, known as bottle banks are very common near shopping centres, at civic amenity sites and in local neighborhoods in the United Kingdom. The first bottle bank was introduced by Stanley Race CBE, then president of the Glass Manufacturers' Federation and Ron England in Barnsley on 6 June 1977. Devel... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Beta oxidation removes 2 carbons at a time, so in the oxidation of an 18 carbon fatty acid such as Stearic Acid 8 cycles will need to occur to completely break down Acyl-CoA. This will produce 9 Acetyl-CoA that have 2 carbons each, 8 FADH2, and 8 NADH. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
On September 5, 2019, the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) announced that 10 out of 18, or 56% of the samples of vape liquids sent in by states, linked to recent vaping related lung disease outbreak in the United States, tested positive for vitamin E acetate which had been used as a thickening agent ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For binary mixtures of two chemically independent components, so that . In addition to temperature and pressure, the other degree of freedom is the composition of each phase, often expressed as mole fraction or mass fraction of one component.
As an example, consider the system of two completely miscible liquids such ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
(+)-Discodermolide is a highly potent antiproliferative agent. (+)-Discodermolide treated murine Do11.10T hybridoma cells could not proceed normal cell cycling. In untreated controls, 68% of cells were found at G1 phase, and 31% were found at S phase, and less than 1% was found at the G2/M phase. However, after 3 hour... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Biosolarization is an alternative technology to soil fumigation used in agriculture. It is closely related to biofumigation and soil solarization, or the use of solar power to control nematodes, bacteria, fungi and other pests that damage crops. In solarization, the soil is mulched and covered with a tarp to trap solar... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The mechanism of a glycosynthase is similar to the hydrolysis reaction of retaining glycosidases except no covalent-enzyme intermediate is formed. Mutation of the active site nucleophile to a non-nucleophilic amino acid prevents the formation of a covalent intermediate. An activated glycosyl donor with a good anomer... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Vflo is a commercially available, physics-based distributed hydrologic model generated by [http://www.vieuxinc.com Vieux & Associates, Inc.] Vflo uses radar rainfall data for hydrologic input to simulate distributed runoff. Vflo employs GIS maps for parameterization via a desktop interface. The model is suited for di... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The basis of the Falkner-Skan approach are the Prandtl boundary layer equations. Ludwig Prandtl simplified the equations for fluid flowing along a wall (wedge) by dividing the flow into two areas: one close to the wall dominated by viscosity, and one outside this near-wall boundary layer region where viscosity can be... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Acylsilanes are starting compounds in the Brook rearrangement with vinyl lithium compounds to silyl enol ethers.
Acyl silanes and aryl bromides are coupling partners in Pd-catalyzed cross coupling reactions: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first plastid is highly accepted within the scientific community to be derived from the engulfment of cyanobacteria ancestor into a eukaryotic organism. Evidence supporting this belief is found in many morphological similarities such as the presence of a two plasma membranes. It is thought that the first membrane ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
VIM involves placing a core-less induction furnace into a vacuum chamber. The melting and casting operations are carried out at low pressures to control the entire alloy chemistry process. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Steel casing pipe generally has no specific specifications, other than the need for the material to be extremely straight and round. In some areas A.S.T.M. specifications may be required by project engineers. The specification most commonly called for is A.S.T.M. 139 Grade B. This specification gives parameters for min... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*1996 – A. R. Day Award (ACS Philadelphia Section award)
*1997 – Chemical Society of Japan Award
*1998 – Herbert N. McCoy Award
*1998 – American Chemical Society Award for Organometallic Chemistry
*1998–2000 – Alexander von Humboldt Senior Researcher Award
*2003 – Sigma Xi Award, Purdue University
*2007 – Yamada–Koga P... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After events such as earthquakes and tsunamis, there is an immediate response by the aid agencies as relief operations get underway to try and restore basic infrastructure and provide the basic fundamental items that are necessary for survival and subsequent recovery. The threat of disease increases hugely due to the l... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The electron transport chain carries both protons and electrons, passing electrons from donors to acceptors, and transporting protons across a membrane. These processes use both soluble and protein-bound transfer molecules. In mitochondria, electrons are transferred within the intermembrane space by the water-soluble e... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Cephalodiscidae mitochondrial code (translation table 33) is a genetic code used by the mitochondrial genome of Cephalodiscidae (Pterobranchia). The Pterobranchia are one of the two groups in the Hemichordata which together with the Echinodermata and Chordata form the major clades of deuterostomes.
Code 33 is very ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The idea of nanothermodynamics was initially proposed by T. L. Hill in 1960, theorizing the differences between differential and integral forms of properties due to small sizes. The size, shape, and environment of a nanoparticle affect the power law, or its proportionality, between nano and macroscopic properties. Tran... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A Pythagorean cup (also known as a Pythagoras cup, Greedy Cup, Cup of Justice or Tantalus cup) is a practical joke device in a form of a drinking cup, credited to Pythagoras of Samos. When it is filled beyond a certain point, a siphoning effect causes the cup to drain its entire contents through the base. The cup has b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Percoll does not notably diffuse over time, resulting in the formation of very stable gradients. Therefore, both discontinuous and continuous Percoll density gradients can be prepared weeks in advance, allowing great reproducibility & ease of use. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Major NMR instrument makers include Thermo Fisher Scientific, Magritek, Oxford Instruments, Bruker, Spinlock SRL, General Electric, JEOL, Kimble Chase, Philips, Siemens AG, and formerly Agilent Technologies (who acquired Varian, Inc.). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The DNA sequence of the fd genome has 6408 nucleotide comprising 9 genes, but the genome has 11 open reading frames producing 11 proteins, since two genes, gene 2 and gene 1, have internal in-frame translation starts, generating two additional proteins, p10 and p11. The genome also contains a short non-coding intergeni... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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