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Bridge scour is the removal of sediment such as sand and gravel from around bridge abutments or piers. Hydrodynamic scour, caused by fast flowing water, can carve out scour holes, compromising the integrity of a structure.
In the United States, bridge scour is one of the three main causes of bridge failure (the others ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Out of the available endocrine-disrupting compounds looked at, flutamide has a notable effect on anogenital distance in rats.) | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Copper-clad steel wire find applications in grounding, connection of ground rods to metallic structures, ground grid meshes, substations, power installations, and lightning arresters.
This wire is also sometimes used for power transmission.
Copper coated welding wire has become common since wire welding equipment has ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In materials science, the sol–gel process is a method for producing solid materials from small molecules. The method is used for the fabrication of metal oxides, especially the oxides of silicon (Si) and titanium (Ti). The process involves conversion of monomers into a colloidal solution (sol) that acts as the precurso... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The data generated in metabolomics usually consist of measurements performed on subjects under various conditions. These measurements may be digitized spectra, or a list of metabolite features. In its simplest form, this generates a matrix with rows corresponding to subjects and columns corresponding with metabolite fe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In order to fully understand complex ocean systems, a wide variety of sensor arrays, capable of surviving for long periods of time in harsh conditions, are necessary. A suite of sensors (over 100) were selected and strategically placed throughout RSN. They are located at Axial Seamount, Hydrate Ridge, and also on the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The New Zealand Association of Scientists awarded Halton its Research Medal in 1974, and the Shorland Medal in 2001. In 1980, he received the ICI Medal for excellence in chemical research from the NZIC. Halton was elected a Fellow of the New Zealand Institute of Chemistry in 1977, and a Fellow of the Royal Society of N... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).
Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Lipid peroxidation, or lipid oxidation, is a complex chemical process that leads to oxidative degradation of lipids, resulting in the formation of peroxide and hydroperoxide derivatives. It occurs when free radicals, specifically reactive oxygen species (ROS), interact with lipids within cell membranes, typically polyu... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Unlike DNA editing, which is permanent, the effects of RNA editing − including potential off-target mutations in RNA − are transient and are not inherited. RNA editing is therefore considered to be less risky. Furthermore, it may only require a guide RNA by using the ADAR protein already found in humans and many other ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A variation of the Washoe process was developed in the Reese River mining district around Austin, Nevada. The Washoe process was found not to work well for ores with arsenic or antimony sulfides, or with galena or sphalerite. In 1869, Carl A. Stetefeldt of Reno found that roasting the ore with salt converted the silv... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many cyanobacteria are able to reduce nitrogen and carbon dioxide under aerobic conditions, a fact that may be responsible for their evolutionary and ecological success. The water-oxidizing photosynthesis is accomplished by coupling the activity of photosystem (PS) II and I (Z-scheme). In contrast to green sulfur bacte... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Typically, column chromatography is set up with peristaltic pumps, flowing buffers and the solution sample through the top of the column. The solutions and buffers pass through the column where a fraction collector at the end of the column setup collects the eluted samples. Prior to the fraction collection, the samples... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A tablet is usually a compressed preparation that contains:
*5-10% of the drug (active substance);
*80% of fillers, disintegrants, lubricants, glidants, and binders; and
*10% of compounds which ensure easy disintegration, disaggregation, and dissolution of the tablet in the stomach or the intestine.
The dissolution tim... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The reaction happens with two metal cofactors (Mg or Mn) coordinated to the two aspartate residues on C1. They perform a nucleophilic attack of the 3'-OH group of the ribose on the α-phosphoryl group of ATP. The two lysine and aspartate residues on C2 selects ATP over GTP for the substrate, so that the enzyme is not a ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cram was named an assistant professor at the University of California, Los Angeles in 1947, and a professor in 1955. He served there until his retirement in 1987. He was a popular teacher, having instructed some 8,000 undergraduates in his career and guided the academic output of 200 graduate students. He entertained h... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The drawbacks of the SMB are higher investment cost compared to single column operations, a higher complexity, as well as higher maintenance costs. But these drawbacks are effectively compensated by the better yield and a much lower solvent consumption as well as a much higher productivity compared to simple batch sepa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phage display was first described by George P. Smith in 1985, when he demonstrated the display of peptides on filamentous phage (long, thin viruses that infect bacteria) by fusing the virus's capsid protein to one peptide out of a collection of peptide sequences. This displayed the different peptides on the outer surfa... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nitrogen gas (N) makes up 78% of the atmosphere and is extremely well mixed over short time-scales, resulting in a homogenous isotopic distribution ideal for use as a reference material. Atmospheric N is commonly called AIR when being used as an isotopic reference. In addition to atmospheric N there are multiple N isot... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A jet is a stream of fluid that is projected into a surrounding medium, usually from some kind of a nozzle, aperture or orifice. Jets can travel long distances without dissipating.
Jet fluid has higher momentum compared to the surrounding fluid medium. In the case that the surrounding medium is assumed to be made up of... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Under Mahdi's directorship, the Secretariat has been keen "on implementing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), or the 2030 Agenda, adopted by the UN in September 2015," and have already "achieved a considerable part of the Sustainable Development Goals" for Post-2015.
A key mission of the KNDP is to create strong... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The very high precision of (strange) particle spectra and large transverse momentum coverage reported by the ALICE Collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) allows in-depth exploration of lingering challenges, which always accompany new physics, and here in particular the questions surrounding strangeness signat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In electrophilic trifluoromethylation the active trifluoromethyl donor group carries a positive charge. Production of an CF cation has been described as "extremely hard" The first relevant reagent, a diaryl(trifluoromethyl) sulfonium salt (ArSCFSbF) was developed in 1984 by reaction of an aryltrifluoromethyl sulfoxide... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ketazines are also important intermediates in the industrial production of hydrazine hydrate by the peroxide process. In the presence of an oxidant, ammonia and ketones react to give hydrazine via ketazine:
:2 Me(Et)C=O + 2 NH + HO → Me(Et)C=NN=C(Et)Me + 2 HO
The ketazine can be hydrolyzed to the hydrazine and regenera... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Examples of slurries include:
*Cement slurry, a mixture of cement, water, and assorted dry and liquid additives used in the petroleum and other industries
*Soil/cement slurry, also called Controlled Low-Strength Material (CLSM), flowable fill, controlled density fill, flowable mortar, plastic soil-cement, K-Krete, and ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gilbert Stork was born in the Ixelles municipality of Brussels, Belgium on December 31, 1921. The oldest of 3 children, his middle brother, Michel, died in infancy, but he remained close with his younger sister Monique his whole life. His family had Jewish origins, although Gilbert himself didnt recall them being reli... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One example is the reconstruction of thioredoxin enzymes from up to 4 billion year old organisms. Whereas the chemical activity of these reconstructed enzymes were remarkably similar to modern enzymes, their physical properties showed significantly elevated thermal and acidic stability. These results were interpreted a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Hamiltonian is a function of J only, and in the simple case of the harmonic oscillator,
When H has no time dependence, J is constant. When H is slowly time-varying, the rate of change of J can be computed by re-expressing the integral for J:
The time derivative of this quantity is
Replacing time derivatives with th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The (n-p) reaction, or (n,p) reaction, is an example of a nuclear reaction. It is the reaction which occurs when a neutron enters a nucleus and a proton leaves the nucleus simultaneously.
For example, sulfur-32 (S) undergoes an (n,p) nuclear reaction when bombarded with neutrons, thus forming phosphorus-32 (P).
The nuc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
High-energy neutrons irradiating boron-10 will also occasionally produce tritium:
A more common result of boron-10 neutron capture is and a single alpha particle.
Especially in pressurized water reactors which only partially thermalize neutrons, the interaction between relatively fast neutrons and the boric acid added... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In this example, the following sequence is a region of the human mitochondrial genome with the two overlapping genes MT-ATP8 and MT-ATP6.
When read from the beginning, these codons make sense to a ribosome and can be translated into amino acids (AA) under the vertebrate mitochondrial code:
|Start|AAC GAA AAT CTG TTC G... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hydrometallurgy refers to a specific process involving the chemical properties of water to create an aqueous solution for metal extraction through a series of chemical reactions | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
6-(Methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate (6-MITC or 6-MSITC) is a compound within the isothiocyanate group of organosulfur compounds. 6-MITC is obtained from cruciferous vegetables, chiefly wasabi. Like other isothiocyanates, it is produced when the enzyme myrosinase transforms the associated glucosinolate into 6-MITC u... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
By having more than one anion, many more compounds can be made, and properties tuned to desirable values.
In terms of optics, properties include phosphorescence, photocatalysis, laser damage threshold, refractive index, birefringence, absorption particularly in the ultraviolet or near infrared, non-linearity.
Mechanica... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
[4+4] reactions are forbidden in the ground state and often entropically disfavored in the excited state. The mechanism of the [4+4] photocycloaddition is proposed to begin with the photoexcitation of a 1,3-diene system into the excited state. Because the orbital symmetry of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phosphinous acid (or Phosphinol) is the inorganic compound with the formula HPOH. It exists, fleetingly, as a mixture with its less stable tautomer HPO (phosphine oxide). This mixture has been generated by low temperature oxidation of phosphine with ozone. HPOH is mainly of pedagogical interest. Organophosphinous aci... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phosphochloridites are precursors to phosphate esters:
:(RO)P(O)Cl + ROH → (RO)(RO)P(O) + HCl
Other nucleophiles have been employed, such as azide. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Ender's hydrazone alkylation reaction is usually run through a sequence of three steps. The first step should always be the synthesis of the hydrazones. The ketone or aldehyde is mixed with either SAMP or RAMP and allowed to react under argon for 12 hours. The crude hydrazone obtained is purified by distillation or rec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In electrochemistry, electrode potential is the voltage of a galvanic cell built from a standard reference electrode and another electrode to be characterized. By convention, the reference electrode is the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE). It is defined to have a potential of zero volts. It may also be defined as the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Large portions of the guidelines include basic actions that would normally be included in experiments and publications regardless, such as an item for describing the experimental and control group differences. Other such information includes how many individual units are used in each group in the experiment. These two ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Deamination of adenine results in the formation of hypoxanthine. Hypoxanthine, in a manner analogous to the imine tautomer of adenine, selectively base pairs with cytosine instead of thymine. This results in a post-replicative transition mutation, where the original A-T base pair transforms into a G-C base pair. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The formation of a hydroxo complex is a typical example of a hydrolysis reaction. A hydrolysis reaction is one in which a substrate reacts with water, splitting a water molecule into hydroxide and hydrogen ions. In this case the hydroxide ion then forms a complex with the substrate.
In water the concentration of hydrox... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Bitumen mixed with clay was usually called "asphaltum", but the term is less commonly used today.
In American English, "asphalt" is equivalent to the British "bitumen". However, "asphalt" is also commonly used as a shortened form of "asphalt concrete" (therefore equivalent to the British "asphalt" or "tarmac").
In Cana... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tetrafluoromethane is sometimes used as a low temperature refrigerant (R-14). It is used in electronics microfabrication alone or in combination with oxygen as a plasma etchant for silicon, silicon dioxide, and silicon nitride. It also has uses in neutron detectors. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
*Fractional crystallization: separates ore and non-ore minerals according to their crystallization temperature. As early crystallizing minerals form from magma, they incorporate certain elements, some of which are metals. These crystals may settle onto the bottom of the intrusion, concentrating ore minerals there. Chro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
ANCAs were originally described in Davies et al. in 1982 in segmental necrotising glomerulonephritis. The Second International ANCA Workshop, held in The Netherlands in May 1989, fixed the nomenclature on perinuclear vs. cytoplasmic patterns, and the antigens MPO and PR3 were discovered in 1988 and 1989, respectively. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Peter J. H. Scott FRSC CChem (born July 27, 1979) is a British and American chemist and radiochemist who is a professor of radiology, professor of pharmacology and professor of medicinal chemistry, as well as a core member of the Rogel Cancer Center at the University of Michigan in the United States. He is Chief of Nu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, Bema Hapothle is an extended acronym for Bell–Marcus–Hammond–Polanyi–Thornton–Leffler, referring to the combined contribution of the theories of these chemists to the rationalization of changes in transition state structure to perturbations, such as change of reaction solvent. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are polyols based on renewable sources such as plant-based materials including castor oil and cottonseed oil. Vegetable oils and biomass are also potential renewable polyol raw materials. Seed oil can even be used to produce polyester polyols. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While most heme proteins are attached to the prosthetic group through iron ion ligation and tertiary interactions, the heme group of cytochrome c makes thioether bonds with two cysteine side chains of the protein. One of the main properties of heme c, which allows cytochrome c to have variety of functions, is its abili... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It is debated whether there is a significant reduction in NEAT after beginning a structured exercise program. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Center-surround antagonism refers to antagonistic interactions between center and surround regions of the receptive fields of photoreceptor cells in the retina. Center surround antagonism enables edge detection and contrast enhancement within the visual cortex. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In his 50-year career, Ferrier published 180 papers, reviews and books, and gave 10 invited plenary lectures at international symposia. His reviews were of particular benefit to the chemical community but perhaps of most value was the book "Monosaccharide Chemistry, written with Dr Peter Collins in 1972 and majorly upd... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This is a two-scale approach which describes the superfluid component of liquid helium-4. It
consists of two nested models linked via parametric space. The short-wavelength part describes the interior structure of the fluid element using a non-perturbative approach based on the logarithmic Schrödinger equation; it sugg... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The only dose-effect relationship available are those of miners cohorts (for much higher exposures), exposed to radon. Studies of Hiroshima and Nagasaki survivors are less informative (the exposure to radon is chronic, localized, and the ionizing radiations are alpha rays).
Although low-exposed miners experienced expos... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Pakistan Engineering Council represents the engineering community in the country and assists the Government of Pakistan at the federal and provincial levels. It also acts as a think tank to the government and undertakes efforts to establish scientific standards for engineering innovations and services. Its headquarters... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The existence of isotopes was first suggested in 1913 by the radiochemist Frederick Soddy, based on studies of radioactive decay chains that indicated about 40 different species referred to as radioelements (i.e. radioactive elements) between uranium and lead, although the periodic table only allowed for 11 elements be... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The relative mass spectral intensity of natural isotopologues, calculable from the fractional abundances of the constituent elements, is exploited by mass spectrometry practitioners in quantitative analysis and unknown compound identification:
# To identify the more likely molecular formulas for an unknown compound bas... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The chemical reaction of lipid peroxidation consists of three phases: initiation, propagation, and termination.
In the initiation phase, a pro-oxidant hydroxyl radical () abstracts the hydrogen at the allylic position (–CH–CH=CH) or methine bridge (=CH−) on the stable lipid substrate, typically a polyunsaturated fatty ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Ortho esters can be prepared by the Pinner reaction, in which nitriles react with alcohols in the presence of one equivalent of hydrogen chloride. The reaction proceeds by formation of imido ester hydrochloride:
:RCN + R′OH + HCl → [RC(OR′)=NH]Cl
Upon standing in the presence of excess alcohol, this intermediate conv... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cephalosporins are a broad class of bactericidal antibiotics that include the β-lactam ring and share a structural similarity and mechanism of action with other β-lactam antibiotics (e.g. penicillins, carbapenems and monobactams). The cephalosporins (and other β-lactams) have the ability to kill bacteria by inhibiting ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Organoid formation generally requires culturing the stem cells or progenitor cells in a 3D medium. Stem cells have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into various cell subtypes, and they enable understanding the processes of development and disease progression. Therefore organoids derived from stem cells enabl... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A faster method of log P determination makes use of high-performance liquid chromatography. The log P of a solute can be determined by correlating its retention time with similar compounds with known log P values.
An advantage of this method is that it is fast (5–20 minutes per sample). However, since the value of log ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The continuity equation describes how the density changes with time. It can be found by integration of the Vlasov equation over the entire velocity space.
After some calculations, one ends up with
The number density , and the momentum density , are zeroth and first order moments: | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In almost all Fe–S proteins, the Fe centers are tetrahedral and the terminal ligands are thiolato sulfur centers from cysteinyl residues. The sulfide groups are either two- or three-coordinated. Three distinct kinds of Fe–S clusters with these features are most common. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Oxygen is probably the most important chemical constituent of surface water chemistry, as all aerobic organisms require it for survival. It enters the water mostly via diffusion at the water-air interface. Oxygens solubility in water decreases as water temperature increases. Fast, turbulent streams expose more of the w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Cefroxadine can be prepared by several routes, including one in which the enol is methylated with diazomethane as a key step. A rather more involved route starts with comparatively readily available phenoxymethylpenicillin sulfoxide benzhydryl ester (1).
This undergoes fragmentation when treated with benzothiazole-2-th... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In fluid dynamics, the Darcy friction factor formulae are equations that allow the calculation of the Darcy friction factor, a dimensionless quantity used in the Darcy–Weisbach equation, for the description of friction losses in pipe flow as well as open-channel flow.
The Darcy friction factor is also known as the Darc... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The benzene ligand in (η-CH)Cr(CO)Mi is prone to deprotonation. For example, Organolithium compounds form adducts featuring cyclohexadienyl ligands. Subsequent oxidation of the complex results in the release of a substituted benzene. Oxidation of the chromium atom by I and other iodine reagents has been shown to pro... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Adams decarboxylation is a chemical reaction that involved the decarboxylation of coumarins which have carboxylic acid group in the third position. The decarboxylation is achieved by aqueous solution of sodium bisulfite, heat and a concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
BC200 RNA is expressed in the dendrites as ribonucleoprotein particles. Protein synthesis at the synapses of neurons contribute to neuronal plasticity and help prevent neuronal degradation. Small, non-coding RNAs such as BC200 RNA work to repress translation by inhibiting its initiation. During eukaryotic translation, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It was first observed by accident by Mike Marchywka while trying to find a selective means to etch non-diamond carbon and fabricate simple astronomical UV detection devices. These devices required a few specific features such as clean surfaces and patterned areas of non-diamond carbon but the approach has subsequently ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Well characterized modifications to histones include:
*Methylation
Both lysine and arginine residues are known to be methylated. Methylated lysines are the best understood marks of the histone code, as specific methylated lysine match well with gene expression states. Methylation of lysines H3K4 and H3K36 is correlated... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In this situation RNA polymerase is dependent on (lagging) ribosome activity; if the ribosome pauses due to insufficient charged tRNA then the anti-terminator structure is favoured. The canonical attenuator example of the trp operon uses this mechanism in E. coli. Similar regulatory mechanisms have been found in many a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In eukaryotes, genomic DNA is highly compacted in order to be able to fit it into the nucleus. This is accomplished by winding the DNA around protein octamers called histones, which has consequences for the physical accessibility of parts of the genome at any given time. Significant portions are silenced through histon... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Raymond and coworkers developed a supramolecular host ML (4 gallium ions and 6 ligands for each complex) that self-assembles via metal-ligand interaction in aqueous solution. This container molecule is polyanionic and thus its tetrahedron-shaped cavity is capable of encapsulating and stabilizing a cationic molecule. Co... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
At very low temperatures (below 1-10 K), large family of amorphous solids have various similar low-temperature properties.
Although there are various theoretical models, neither glass transition nor low-temperature properties of glassy solids are well understood on the fundamental physics level.
Amorphous solids is an ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After the first bond is synthesized, the RNA polymerase must escape the promoter. During this time there is a tendency to release the RNA transcript and produce truncated transcripts. This is called abortive initiation, and is common for both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Abortive initiation continues to occur until an R... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Hydroxylamine (also known as hydroxyammonia) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . The compound is in a form of a white hygroscopic crystals. Hydroxylamine is almost always provided and used as an aqueous solution. It is consumed almost exclusively to produce Nylon-6. The oxidation of Ammonia| to hydroxy... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hyperspectral imaging collects and processes information from across the electromagnetic spectrum. The goal of hyperspectral imaging is to obtain the spectrum for each pixel in the image of a scene, with the purpose of finding objects, identifying materials, or detecting processes. There are three general types of spec... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Dexrazoxane hydrochloride (Zinecard, Cardioxane) is a cardioprotective agent. It was discovered by Eugene Herman in 1972. The IV administration of dexrazoxane is in acidic condition with HCl adjusting the pH. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An emulsion dispersion is thermoplastics or elastomers suspended in a liquid state by means of emulsifiers. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The chemical reaction catalyzed by firefly luciferase takes place in two steps:
* luciferin + ATP → luciferyl adenylate + PP
* luciferyl adenylate + O → oxyluciferin + AMP + light
Light is produced because the reaction forms oxyluciferin in an electronically excited state. The reaction releases a photon of light as oxy... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A normal mode of a dynamical system is a pattern of motion in which all parts of the system move sinusoidally with the same frequency and with a fixed phase relation. The free motion described by the normal modes takes place at fixed frequencies. These fixed frequencies of the normal modes of a system are known as it... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The enzyme phenylalanine racemase (, phenylalanine racemase, phenylalanine racemase (adenosine triphosphate-hydrolysing), gramicidin S synthetase I) is the enzyme that acts on amino acids and derivatives. It activates both the L & D stereo isomers of phenylalanine to form L-phenylalanyl adenylate and D-phenylalanyl ade... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In terms of input and output, ICP-MS instrument consumes prepared sample material and translates it into mass-spectral data. Actual analytical procedure takes some time; after that time the instrument can be switched to work on the next sample. Series of such sample measurements requires the instrument to have plasma i... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In a gridded ion source, DC or RF discharge are used to generate ions, which are then accelerated and decimated using grids and apertures. Here, the DC discharge current or the RF discharge power are used to control the beam current.
The ion current density that can be accelerated using a gridded ion source is limited... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Protein interference is the process where in some signaling protein interacts, either with the promoter or with some stage of the partially constructed complex, to prevent further construction of the polymerase complex, so preventing initiation. In general, this is a very rapid response and is used for fine level, indi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Filed: December 2, 2010. Granted: November 17, 2011.
* Filed: June 25, 2009. Granted: November 20, 2012.
* Filed: October 28, 2010. Granted: February 25, 2014.
* Filed August 10, 2012. Granted March 4, 2014. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Some Chinese cookware is seasoned at a much higher temperature than conventional seasoning at 450 °C. More akin to bluing, this type of seasoning mainly involves a chemical change of the iron pan itself and not the oil. When beef tallow is heated at this temperature, it evaporates on the iron surface and increases the ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Like most fruit, grapes vary in the number of phenolic compounds they have. This characteristic is used as a parameter in judging the quality of the wine. The general process of winemaking is initiated by the enzymatic oxidation of phenolic compounds by polyphenol oxidases. Contact between the phenolic compounds in the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Fosinopril is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used for the treatment of hypertension and some types of chronic heart failure. Fosinopril is the only phosphonate-containing ACE inhibitor marketed, by Bristol-Myers Squibb under the trade name Monopril. Fosinopril is a cascading pro-drug. The special nich... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In nuclear physics, a decay product (also known as a daughter product, daughter isotope, radio-daughter, or daughter nuclide) is the remaining nuclide left over from radioactive decay. Radioactive decay often proceeds via a sequence of steps (decay chain). For example, U decays to Th which decays to Pa which decays, a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The malate is oxidized by NAD (the oxidizing agent) to oxaloacetate again, releasing NADH. The replenishment of oxaloacetate can be achieved. The oxaloacetate can react with the acetyl-CoA in the first step, completing a cycle. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Target 2035 is a global effort or movement to discover open science, pharmacological modulator(s) for every protein in the human proteome by the year 2035. The effort is led by the Structural Genomics Consortium with the intention that this movement evolves organically. Target 2035 has been borne out of the success th... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Sertraline and amitriptyline inhibit butyrylcholinesterase and cause prolonged paralysis. Mivacurium causes prolonged paralysis for patients chronically taking sertraline. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Neutral ligands do not change name with the exception of the following:
* Water, "aqua"
* Ammonia, "ammine"
* Carbon monoxide bonded via carbon, "carbonyl"
* Nitrogen monoxide bonded via nitrogen, "nitrosyl" | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
An oceanographic water mass is an identifiable body of water with a common formation history which has physical properties distinct from surrounding water. Properties include temperature, salinity, chemical - isotopic ratios, and other physical quantities which are conservative flow tracers. Water mass is also identifi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Maxwell Garnett equation only describes the optical properties of a collection of perfectely spherical nanoparticles. However, the optical properties of nanocomposites are sensitive to the nanoparticles shape distribution. To overcome this limit, Y. Battie et al. have developed the shape distributed effective mediu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The peptidoglycan monomers are synthesized in the cytosol and are then attached to a membrane carrier bactoprenol. Bactoprenol transports peptidoglycan monomers across the cell membrane where they are inserted into the existing peptidoglycan.
# In the first step of peptidoglycan synthesis, glutamine, which is an amino... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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