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Plasmalysis is a electrochemical process that requires a voltage source. On the one hand, it describes the plasma-chemical dissociation of organic and inorganic compounds (e.g. C-H and N-H compounds) in interaction with a thermal/non-thermal plasma between two electrodes. On the other hand, it describes the synthesis, ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Many other industries take into account distribution coefficients, for example in the formulation of make-up, topical ointments, dyes, hair colors and many other consumer products. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In type II reactions, the Sens* transfers its energy directly with O via a radiation-less transition to create O. O then adds to the substrate in a variety of ways including: cycloadditions (most commonly [4+2]), addition to double bonds to yield 1,2-dioxetanes, and ene reactions with olefins. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Metachirality is a stronger form of chirality.
It applies to objects or systems that are chiral (not identical to their mirror image) and where, in addition, their mirror image has a symmetry group that differs from the symmetry group of the original object or system.
Many familiar chiral objects, like the capital lett... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
SELDM is a stochastic model because it uses Monte Carlo methods to produce the random combinations of input variable values needed to generate the stochastic population of values for each component variable. SELDM calculates the dilution of runoff in the receiving waters and the resulting downstream event mean concentr... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The rotation of plane polarized light by chiral substances was first observed by Jean-Baptiste Biot in 1812, and gained considerable importance in the sugar industry, analytical chemistry, and pharmaceuticals. Louis Pasteur deduced in 1848 that this phenomenon has a molecular basis. The term chirality itself was coined... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Levomilnacipran (brand name Fetzima) is an antidepressant which was approved in the United States in 2013 for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults. It is the levorotatory enantiomer of milnacipran, and has similar effects and pharmacology, acting as a serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (S... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In crystallography, a lattice plane of a given Bravais lattice is any plane containing at least three noncollinear Bravais lattice points. Equivalently, a lattice plane is a plane whose intersections with the lattice (or any crystalline structure of that lattice) are periodic (i.e. are described by 2d Bravais lattices)... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
While NMR is primarily used for structural determination, it can also be used for purity determination, provided that the structure and molecular weight of the compound is known. This technique requires the use of an internal standard of known purity. Typically this standard will have a high molecular weight to facilit... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The following description of glass beads from an object in the collection of the British Museum, effectively illustrates the range of symptoms that can occur with glass disease: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In many cases, the splicing process can create a range of unique proteins by varying the exon composition of the same mRNA. This phenomenon is then called alternative splicing. Alternative splicing can occur in many ways. Exons can be extended or skipped, or introns can be retained. It is estimated that 95% of transcri... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It is common for nucleic acid samples to be contaminated with other molecules (i.e. proteins, organic compounds, other). The secondary benefit of using spectrophotometric analysis for nucleic acid quantitation is the ability to determine sample purity using the 260 nm:280 nm calculation. The ratio of the absorbance at ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Caesium carbonate or cesium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula . It is white crystalline solid. Caesium carbonate has a high solubility in polar solvents such as water, ethanol and DMF. Its solubility is higher in organic solvents compared to other carbonates like potassium carbonate and sodium ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Target-enrichment methods allow one to selectively capture genomic regions of interest from a DNA sample prior to sequencing. Several target-enrichment strategies have been developed since the original description of the direct genomic selection (DGS) method in 2005.
Though many techniques have been described for targe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Vortex structures are defined by their vorticity, the local rotation rate of fluid particles. They can be formed via the phenomenon known as boundary layer separation which can occur when a fluid moves over a surface and experiences a rapid acceleration from the fluid velocity to zero due to the no-slip condition. This... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It can be prepared by the reaction of allyl magnesium bromide with anhydrous nickel chloride. It was first prepared similarly by Gunther Wilke et al. The same group reported that the complex react with carbon monoxide to give nickel tetracarbonyl and 1,5-hexadiene. It catalyzes the trimerization of butadiene. With t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Trimethylsilyl chloride, also known as chlorotrimethylsilane is an organosilicon compound (silyl halide), with the formula , often abbreviated or TMSCl. It is a colourless volatile liquid that is stable in the absence of water. It is widely used in organic chemistry. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The interest of growing a smooth and defect-free surface requires a combination set of physical conditions throughout the process. Such conditions are bond strength, temperature, surface-diffusion limited and supersaturation (or impingement) rate. Using KMC surface growth method, following pictures describe final surfa... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fluorination with aminosulfuranes is a chemical reaction that transforms oxidized organic compounds into organofluorine compounds. Aminosulfuranes selectively exchange hydroxyl groups for fluorine, but are also capable of converting carbonyl groups, halides, silyl ethers, and other functionality into organofluorides. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Meropenem is bactericidal except against Listeria monocytogenes, where it is bacteriostatic. It inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis like other β-lactam antibiotics. In contrast to other beta-lactams, it is highly resistant to degradation by β-lactamases or cephalosporinases. In general, resistance arises due to muta... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that measures the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of charged particles (ions). Although there are many different kinds of mass spectrometers, all of them make use of electric or magnetic fields to manipulate the motion of ions produced from an analyte of interest and determi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Debye–Waller factor (DWF), named after Peter Debye and Ivar Waller, is used in condensed matter physics to describe the attenuation of x-ray scattering or coherent neutron scattering caused by thermal motion. It is also called the B factor, atomic B factor, or temperature factor. Often, "Debye–Waller factor" is use... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Plasmids are the most-commonly used bacterial cloning vectors. These cloning vectors contain a site that allows DNA fragments to be inserted, for example a multiple cloning site or polylinker which has several commonly used restriction sites to which DNA fragments may be ligated. After the gene of interest is inserted,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The extraction is performed in water with the addition of potassium hydroxide (KOH), sequestering agents, and hydrotropic surfactants. Heat is used to increase the solubility of humic acids and hence more potassium humate can be extracted. The resulting liquid is dried to produce the amorphous crystalline like product... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Recently, Gregory Fu and colleagues reported a modification of their earlier kinetic resolution work to produce an effective dynamic kinetic resolution. Using the ruthenium racemization catalyst shown to the right, and his planar chiral DMAP catalyst, Fu has demonstrated the dynamic kinetic resolution of secondary alco... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The first recorded use of the term automated mineralogy in technical journals can be traced back to seminal papers in the late eighties early nineties describing QEMSCAN technology and applications. The term gained significant popularity after it was used to name a new international conference in July 2006. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Surfactants are used with quantum dots in order to manipulate their growth, assembly, and electrical properties, in addition to mediating reactions on their surfaces. Research is ongoing in how surfactants arrange themselves on the surface of the quantum dots. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Quantities of liquids are measured in units of volume. These include the SI unit cubic metre (m) and its divisions, in particular the cubic decimeter, more commonly called the litre (1 dm = 1 L = 0.001 m), and the cubic centimetre, also called millilitre (1 cm = 1 mL = 0.001 L = 10 m).
The volume of a quantity of liqui... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Although beneficial for the effectiveness of the reaction, the use of copper salts in "classical" Sonogashira reaction is accompanied with several drawbacks, such as the application of environmentally unfriendly reagents, the formation of undesirable alkyne homocoupling (Glaser side products), and the necessity of str... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Full spectral imaging, along with empirical reflectance retrieval and autonomous remote sensing are the components of the new systems for remote sensing and the successor to the Landsat series of satellites of the Landsat program. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Blood alcohol content (BAC), also called blood alcohol concentration or blood alcohol level, is a measurement of alcohol intoxication used for legal or medical purposes.
BAC is expressed as mass of alcohol per volume of blood. In the US and many international publications, BAC levels are written as a percentage such a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1995 the Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics started a research project in order to simulate the paper transport in a printing machine. The transport of papers in printing machines can be modelled as two-dimensional fluid-structure interaction problem. The equations describing the dynamics of the paper t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thyroid hormone increases the number of beta-adrenergic receptors available for epinephrine at the latters target cell, thereby increasing epinephrines effect on that cell. Specially in cardiac cell. Without the thyroid hormone, epinephrine would have only a weak effect.
Cortisol is required for the response of vascula... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
To function, a modern computer needs three different capabilities: It must be able to store information, transmit information between components, and possess a basic system of logic. Prior to March 2013, scientists had successfully demonstrated the ability to store and transmit data using biological components made o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
There are two rotational friction factors for a general spheroid, one for a rotation about the axial semiaxis (denoted ) and other for a rotation about one of the equatorial semiaxes (denoted ).
Perrin showed that
for both prolate and oblate spheroids. For spheres, , as may be seen by taking the limit .
These formula... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleotide order of a given DNA fragment. So far, most DNA sequencing has been performed using the chain termination method developed by Frederick Sanger. This technique uses sequence-specific termination of a DNA synthesis reaction using modified nucleotide substrates. ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The inductive effect can be used to determine the stability of a molecule depending on the charge present on the atom and the groups bonded to the atom. For example, if an atom has a positive charge and is attached to a -I group its charge becomes amplified and the molecule becomes more unstable. Similarly, if an atom ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sulfone is a relatively inert functional group, typically less oxidizing and 4 bel more acidic than sulfoxides. In the Ramberg–Bäcklund reaction and the Julia olefination, sulfones are converted to alkenes by the elimination of sulfur dioxide. However, sulfones are unstable to bases, eliminating to give an alkene.
... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Thomas Henry Haines (born August 9, 1933) was an American author, social activist, biochemist and academic. He was a professor of chemistry at City College of New York and of Biochemistry at the Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education. He was a visiting professor in the Laboratory of Thomas Sakmar at Rockefeller Un... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Armodafinil is readily absorbed after oral administration. The absolute oral bioavailability was not determined due to the aqueous insolubility of armodafinil, which precluded intravenous administration. Peak plasma concentrations are attained at approximately 2 hours in the fasted state. Food effect on the overall bio... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
For laboratory use, the N-alkylation reaction is often unselective. A variety of alternative methods have been developed, such as the Delépine reaction, which uses hexamine. The Gabriel synthesis, involving the use of an equivalent to NH, only applies to primary alkyl halides. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Oxaloacetic acid (also known as oxalacetic acid or OAA) is a crystalline organic compound with the chemical formula HOCC(O)CHCOH. Oxaloacetic acid, in the form of its conjugate base oxaloacetate, is a metabolic intermediate in many processes that occur in animals. It takes part in gluconeogenesis, the urea cycle, the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An autapse is a chemical or electrical synapse from a neuron onto itself. It can also be described as a synapse formed by the axon of a neuron on its own dendrites, in vivo or in vitro. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The field of surface chemistry started with heterogeneous catalysis pioneered by Paul Sabatier on hydrogenation and Fritz Haber on the Haber process. Irving Langmuir was also one of the founders of this field, and the scientific journal on surface science, Langmuir, bears his name. The Langmuir adsorption equation is u... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In presence of molecular orientation anisotropy in the sample, CARS images often display artefacts due to polarization-dependent selection rules that affects the measured intensity with respect of the alignment between the polarization plane of the incident light and the main orientation plane of the molecular bonds.
T... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Pharmacophore<br />
There are three functional groups that are the most important parts for the bioactivity of ARBs, see figure 1 for details.<br />
The first one is the imidazole ring that binds to amino acids in helix 7 (Asn). The second group is the biphenyl-methyl group that binds to amino acids in both helices 6 a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Younes and Loveland define fission as, "...a collective motion of the protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus, and as such it is distinguishable from other phenomena that break up the nucleus. Nuclear fission is an extreme example of large-amplitude collective motion that results in the division of a parent nucle... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A deep property of capillary surfaces is the surface energy that is imparted by surface tension:
where is the area of the surface being considered, and the total energy is the summation of all energies. Note that every interface imparts energy. For example, if there are two different fluids (say liquid and gas) inside... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Shrimp trawlers first reported a dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico in 1950, but it was not until 1970 when the size of the hypoxic zone had increased that scientists began to investigate.
After 1950, the conversion of forests and wetlands for agricultural and urban developments accelerated. "Missouri River Basin has had ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Sulfato complexes are commonly produced by reaction of metal sulfates with other ligands.
In some cases, sulfato complexes are produced from sulfur dioxide:
: (PPh = triphenylphosphine)
Sulfato complexes also arise by air-oxidation of metal sulfides. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A proof-of-concept in-vivo direct DNA data recording system was demonstrated through incorporation of optogenetically regulated recombinases as part of an engineered "molecular recorder" allows for direct encoding of light-based stimuli into engineered E.coli cells. This approach can also be parallelized to store and w... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
October 23, denoted 10/23 in the US, is recognized by some as Mole Day. It is an informal holiday in honor of the unit among chemists. The date is derived from the Avogadro number, which is approximately . It starts at 6:02 a.m. and ends at 6:02 p.m. Alternatively, some chemists celebrate June 2 (), June 22 (), or 6 Fe... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The duration of action of a drug is the length of time that particular drug is effective. Duration of action is a function of several parameters including plasma half-life, the time to equilibrate between plasma and target compartments, and the off rate of the drug from its biological target. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Phillips was born 3 December 1939 in Kendal, lived in South Shields and attended the Grammar School. He studied at the University of Birmingham attaining a BSc and PhD. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Described below are schemes for synthesizing thalidomide, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide, as reported from prominent primary literature. Note that these synthesis schemes do not necessarily reflect the organic synthesis strategies used to synthesize these single chemical entities. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* SS Kronprinz Wilhelm, September 18, 1901 – The most modern German ocean liner of its time (winner of the Blue Riband) was damaged on its maiden voyage from Cherbourg to New York by a huge wave. The wave struck the ship head-on.
* RMS Lusitania (1910) – On the night of 10 January 1910, a wave struck the ship over the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It was introduced by Lyklema in “Fundamentals of Interface and Colloid Science”. A recent IUPAC Technical Report used this term explicitly and detailed several means of measurement in physical systems.
The Dukhin number is a ratio of the surface conductivity multiplied by particle size a:
There is another expression ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A spectral line corresponds to an electron transition in an atom, molecule or ion, which is associated with a specific amount of energy, E. When this energy is measured by means of some spectroscopic technique, the line is not infinitely sharp, but has a particular shape. Numerous factors can contribute to the broadeni... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Radioactivity or radionuclide fixatives are specialized polymer coatings used to “fix” radioactive isotopes or radioactive material to surfaces. These fixatives, also known as permanent coatings in the radioactive contamination control field, have been used for many decades in facilities processing radioactive material... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Veterinary schools, veterinary hospitals, and bovine farming operations in North America often keep a healthy fistulated cow as a microbiota donor. Large animal veterinarians will pull the contents by hand from the healthy cows rumen system to help repopulate the fauna in a sick cows rumen. This process is called trans... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (also γ-glutamyltransferase, GGT, gamma-GT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; ) is a transferase (a type of enzyme) that catalyzes the transfer of gamma-glutamyl functional groups from molecules such as glutathione to an acceptor that may be an amino acid, a peptide or water (forming glutamate). ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Inspired by enzymes with deep active site pocket, List and coworkers designed and constructed a set of confined Bronsted acids with an extremely sterically demanding chiral pocket based on a C-symmetric bis(binapthyl) imidodiphosphoric acid. Within the chiral microenvironment, the catalysts has a geometrically fixed bi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Consider a slender body with pointed edges at the front and back. The supersonic flow past this body will be nearly parallel to the -axis everywhere since the shock waves formed (one at the leading edege and one at the trailign edge) will be weak; as a consequence, the flow will be potential everywhere, which can be de... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Photosensitive glass, also known as photostructurable glass (PSG) or photomachinable glass, is a glass in the lithium-silicate family of glasses onto which images can be etched using short wave radiations such as ultraviolet light. Photosensitive glass was first discovered by S. Donald Stookey in 1937. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lord Kelvin devised the thermodynamic scale based on the efficiency of heat engines as shown below:
The efficiency of an engine is the work divided by the heat introduced to the system or
where w is the work done per cycle. Thus, the efficiency depends only on q/q.
Because of Carnot theorem, any reversible heat engine ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Another agent involved in autocrine cancer signaling is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF, produced by carcinoma cells, acts through paracrine signaling on endothelial cells and through autocrine signaling on carcinoma cells. Evidence shows that autocrine VEGF is involved in two major aspects of invasive ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Several factors effect the assay outcome and a recent review summarizes the various parameters that needs to be monitored to keep an assay up and running. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In genetics, a promoter is a sequence of DNA to which proteins bind to initiate transcription of a single RNA transcript from the DNA downstream of the promoter. The RNA transcript may encode a protein (mRNA), or can have a function in and of itself, such as tRNA or rRNA. Promoters are located near the transcription st... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
As mentioned previously, Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces a host of virulence factors in concert, under the control of the quorum sensing system. Many studies show that inhibiting quorum sensing down-regulates the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, it has been shown that rhamnolipids specifically are a ke... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Polymer-bonded explosives, also called PBX or plastic-bonded explosives, are explosive materials in which explosive powder is bound together in a matrix using small quantities (typically 5–10% by weight) of a synthetic polymer. PBXs are normally used for explosive materials that are not easily melted into a casting, or... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Zwolinski and Wilhoit defined, in 1972, "gross" and "net" values for heats of combustion. In the gross definition the products are the most stable compounds, e.g. (l), (l), (s) and (l). In the net definition the products are the gases produced when the compound is burned in an open flame, e.g. (g), (g), (g) and (g). In... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
PECO has shown promise for water treatment of both stormwater and wastewater. Currently, water treatment methods like the use of biofiltration technologies are widely used. These technologies are effective at filtering out pollutants like suspended solids, nutrients, and heavy metals, but struggle to remove herbicides.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Metallacycles often arise by cyclization of arene-containing donor ligands, e.g. aryl phosphines and amines. An early example is the cyclization of IrCl(PPh) to give the corresponding Ir(III) hydride containing a four-membered IrPCC ring. Palladium(II) and platinum(II) have long been known to ortho-metalate aromatic li... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
RPA is one of several isothermal nucleic acid amplification techniques to be developed as a molecular diagnostic technique, frequently with the objective of simplifying the laboratory instrumentation required relative to PCR. A partial list of other isothermal amplification techniques include LAMP, NASBA, helicase-dep... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
From the mathematical point of view the Lippmann–Schwinger equation in coordinate representation is an integral equation of Fredholm type. It can be solved by discretization. Since it is equivalent to the differential time-independent Schrödinger equation with appropriate boundary conditions, it can also be solved by n... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Earlier serological typing approaches had been established for differentiating bacterial isolates, but immunological typing has drawbacks such as reliance on few antigenic loci and unpredictable reactivities of antibodies with different antigenic variants. Several molecular typing schemes have been proposed to determin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Most elements have more than one possible oxidation state. For example, carbon has nine possible integer oxidation states from −4 to +4: | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Hydrocarbons, primarily paraffins (CH) and lipids but also sugar alcohols.
* Advantages
** Freeze without much supercooling
** Ability to melt congruently
** Self nucleating properties
** Compatibility with conventional material of construction
** No segregation
** Chemically stable
** Safe and non-reactive
* Disadvant... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Siwy joined the faculty at the University of California, Irvine in 2005. In 2012 she was made Professor of Chemical Physics. She studies synthetic nanopores, which she looks to use as templates for biomimetic channels as well as ionic diodes and transistors. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Peters served as the chemistry departments graduate student advisor from 1969 to 1971 where he recruited the departments largest incoming class. His research has focused on the mechanistic and synthetic properties of the oxidation and reduction of halogenated organic compounds and electrocatalysis in organic synthesis.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The study by Nesmeyanov of the products of the addition of mercuric chloride to ethylene, acetylene and their derivatives led to the concept of the “dual reactivity” of a substance and the “transfer of the reaction center” along the chain π, π-, σ, π-, σ, σ- and p,π-conjugations in a molecule. Further research showed ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Śabda (शब्द) means relying on word, testimony of past or present reliable experts. Hiriyanna explains Sabda-pramana as a concept which means testimony of a reliable and trustworthy person (āptavākya). The schools of Hinduism which consider it epistemically valid suggest that a human being needs to know numerous facts, ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid containing the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. The chemical DNA was discovered in 1869, but its role in genetic inheritance was not demonstrated until 1943. The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A coupling connects two pipes. The fitting is known as a reducing coupling, reducer, or adapter if their sizes differ. There are two types of collars: "regular" and "slip". A regular coupling has a small ridge or stops internally to prevent the over-insertion of a pipe and, thus, under-insertion of the other pipe segme... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
For all intents and purposes, each enantiomer in a pair has the same energy. However, theoretical physics predicts that due to parity violation of the weak nuclear force (the only force in nature that can "tell left from right"), there is actually a minute difference in energy between enantiomers (on the order of 10 eV... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A bioprocess is composed mainly of three stages—upstream processing, bioreaction, and downstream processing—to convert raw material to finished product.
The raw material can be of biological or non-biological origin. It is first converted to a more suitable form for processing. This is done in an upstream p... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Encyclopaedia of Islam
* al-Muqtabis by Ibn Hayyan
* The Muqaddima of Ibn Khaldoun, [http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ik/Muqaddimah/Chapter5/Ch_5_31.htm Chapter V, part 31, "The craft of singing."]
* Ta'rikh fath al-Andalus by Ibn al-Qutiyya
* al-Iqd al-farid by Ibn Abd Rabbih
* Ta'rikh Baghdad by Ibn Tayfur
* Kitab a... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
It is a potent anesthetic with a minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of 0.74%. Its blood/gas partition coefficient of 2.4 makes it an agent with moderate induction and recovery time. It is not a good analgesic and its muscle relaxation effect is moderate. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Binding to the solid phase may be achieved by column chromatography whereby the solid medium is packed onto a column, the initial mixture run through the column to allow settling, a wash buffer run through the column and the elution buffer subsequently applied to the column and collected. These steps are usually done a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
By the late Uruk period development had grown to include a large temple/palace complex.
Culturally, Melid was part of the "Northern regions of Greater Mesopotamia" functioning as a trade colony along the Euphrates River bringing raw materials to Sumer (Lower Mesopotamia).
Numerous similarities have been found between t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
This pathway has a significant effect in the way genes are translated, restricting the amount of gene expression. It is still a new field in genetics, but its role in research has already led scientists to uncover numerous explanations for gene regulation. Studying nonsense-mediated decay has allowed scientists to dete... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Like all metals, gold is insoluble in a water. Gold does however exhibit the distinctive properties that in the presence of cyanide ions, it dissolves in the presence of oxygen (or air). This transformation was reported in 1783 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, but it was not until the late 19th century, that the reactions wer... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The original Asakura–Oosawa model considered only hard-core interactions. In such an athermal mixture the origin of depletion forces is necessarily entropic. If the intermolecular potentials also include repulsive and/or attractive terms, and if the solvent is considered explicitly, the depletion interaction can have a... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Tetraoxidane is an inorganic compound of hydrogen and oxygen with the chemical formula . This is one of the unstable hydrogen polyoxides. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
NAD kinase (EC 2.7.1.23, NADK) is an enzyme that converts nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) into NADP through phosphorylating the NAD coenzyme. NADP is an essential coenzyme that is reduced to NADPH primarily by the pentose phosphate pathway to provide reducing power in biosynthetic processes such as fatty acid b... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Several capsaicin analogs of the urea type were developed by acylation of homovanillylamine and related amines with different 4-(α-pyridyl)piperidine-1-acyl chlorides. The presence of a polar amino moiety in the hydrophobic C region of capsacinoids was crucial to couple potency and hydrophilicity, mimicking similar obs... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Six affiliate societies focused on specific areas of materials science also fall under the ASM umbrella:
* The Heat Treating Society (HTS),
* The Thermal Spray Society (TSS),
* The International Metallographic Society (IMS),
* The Electronic Device Failure Analysis Society (EDFAS),
* The Failure Analysis Society (... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Source:
* Otto Hahn Medal of the Max Planck Society (1979)
* Dreyfus Teacher Scholar Award (1987)
* ACS Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award (1992)
* Otto Bayer Award (1993)
* Janssen Prize for Creativity in Organic Synthesis (2000)
* Havinga Medal (2000)
* Myron L. Bender & Muriel S. Bender Distinguished Summer Lecturer at No... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are a number of chemical reagents that are available for treating turbidity. Reagents that are available for treating turbidity include aluminium sulfate or alum (Al(SO)·nHO), ferric chloride (FeCl), gypsum (CaSO·2HO), poly-aluminium chloride, long chain acrylamide-based polymers and numerous proprietary reagents... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Raindrop sizes typically range from 0.5 mm to 4 mm, with size distributions quickly decreasing past diameters larger than 2-2.5 mm.
Scientists traditionally thought that the variation in the size of raindrops was due to collisions on the way down to the ground. In 2009, French researchers succeeded in showing that the ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
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