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Fick's second law is a special case of the convection–diffusion equation in which there is no advective flux and no net volumetric source. It can be derived from the continuity equation:
where is the total flux and is a net volumetric source for . The only source of flux in this situation is assumed to be diffusive f... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
At the same temperature, a column of dry air will be denser or heavier than a column of air containing any water vapor, the molar mass of diatomic nitrogen and diatomic oxygen both being greater than the molar mass of water. Thus, any volume of dry air will sink if placed in a larger volume of moist air. Also, a volume... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Most chloroplasts in a photosynthetic cell do not develop directly from proplastids or etioplasts. In fact, a typical shoot meristematic plant cell contains only 7–20 proplastids. These proplastids differentiate into chloroplasts, which divide to create the 30–70 chloroplasts found in a mature photosynthetic plant cell... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fusion Nuclear Science Facility (FNSF) is a low cost, low aspect ratio compact tokamak reactor design, aiming for a 9 Tesla field at the plasma centre.
It is considered a step after ITER on the path to a fusion power plant.
Because of the high neutron irradiation damage expected, non-insulating superconducting coils ar... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Exome sequencing can be used to diagnose the genetic cause of disease in a patient. Identification of the underlying disease gene mutation(s) can have major implications for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, can guide prediction of disease natural history, and makes it possible to test at-risk family members. Ther... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Donetsk Metallurgical Plant also called Donetsk Iron and Steel Works is an enterprise of Donetsk, Ukraine. It is a ferrous metallurgy enterprise that is located in the Leninskyi district of Donetsk. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A DNase footprinting assay is a DNA footprinting technique from molecular biology/biochemistry that detects DNA-protein interaction using the fact that a protein bound to DNA will often protect that DNA from enzymatic cleavage. This makes it possible to locate a protein binding site on a particular DNA molecule. The me... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In hydrology, studies of water quality concern organic and inorganic compounds, and both dissolved and sediment material. In addition, water quality is affected by the interaction of dissolved oxygen with organic material and various chemical transformations that may take place. Measurements of water quality may involv... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Green death is a solution used to test the resistance of metals and alloys to corrosion. It consists of a mixture of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, iron(III) chloride and copper(II) chloride and its boiling point is at approximately 103 °C. Its typical chemical composition is given in the table hereafter:
The chemi... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Some necessary apparatus include:
* crucible (or similar porcelain or metal dishes)
* muffled furnace
* hot plate
* the sample | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
He has been involved in many editorial boards of scientific journals. He was member of the editorial board of the Journal of Applied Electrochemistry (1988-2010), [http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0717-9707&lng=es&nrm=iso Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society] (1984-2007) and Electrocatalysis (20... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Boltzmann constant ( or ) is the proportionality factor that relates the average relative thermal energy of particles in a gas with the thermodynamic temperature of the gas. It occurs in the definitions of the kelvin and the gas constant, and in Plancks law of black-body radiation and Boltzmanns entropy formula, an... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The streaming vibration current was experimentally observed in 1948 by Williams. A theoretical model was developed some 30 years later by Dukhin and others. This effect opens another possibility for characterizing the electric properties of the surfaces in porous bodies. A similar effect can be observed at a non-porous... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Constant head is important in simplifying constraint when measuring the movement of water in soil. Several measurement techniques employ the Mariottes bottle to provide constant head. The Guelph Permeameter measures unsaturated hydraulic conductivity in the field and uses this principle to create a constant head. Sin... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Cassie–Baxter wetting regime also explains the water repellent features of the pennae (feathers) of a bird. The feather consists of a topography network of barbs and barbules and a droplet that is deposited on a these resides in a solid-liquid-air non-wetting composite state, where tiny air pockets are trapped with... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
After postdoctoral stints in Minnesota and California, he moved to UiT – The Arctic University of Norway in 1996, where he has remained ever since. He has had several secondary positions/affiliations: Senior Fellow of the San Diego Supercomputer Center at the University of California San Diego (1997–2004), Outstanding ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
One of the effects of transannular strain is the difficulty of synthesizing medium-sized rings. Illuminati et al. have studied the kinetics of intramolecular ring closing using the simple nucleophilic substitution reaction of ortho-bromoalkoxyphenoxides. Specifically, they studied the ring closing of 5 to 10 carbon cyc... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are five main methodologies to create coordination cages. In directional bonding, also called edge-directed self-assembly, polyhedra are designed using a stoichiometric ratio of ligand to metal precursor. The symmetry interaction method involves combining naked metal ions with multibranched chelating ligands. Thi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Phenolphthalein's common use is as an indicator in acid-base titrations. It also serves as a component of universal indicator, together with methyl red, bromothymol blue, and thymol blue.
Phenolphthalein adopts different forms in aqueous solution depending on the pH of the solution. Inconsistency exists in the literat... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The sun bombards the earth with billions of charged nanoparticles with an immense amount of energy stored in them. This energy can be used for water heating, space heating, space cooling and process heat generation. Many steam generation systems have adapted to using sunlight as a primary source for heating feed water,... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In economic geology, the term humate refers to geological materials, such as weathered coal beds (leonardite), mudrock, or pore material in sandstones, that are rich in humic acids. Humate has been mined from the Fruitland Formation of New Mexico for use as a soil amendment since the 1970s, with nearly 60,000 metric to... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Waste from nuclear weapons decommissioning is unlikely to contain much beta or gamma activity other than tritium and americium. It is more likely to contain alpha-emitting actinides such as Pu-239 which is a fissile material used in bombs, plus some material with much higher specific activities, such as Pu-238 or Po.
I... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
microRNA mediated repression occurs in two ways, either by translational repression or stimulating mRNA decay. miRNA recruit the RISC complex to the mRNA to which they are bound. The link to P-bodies comes by the fact that many, if not most, of the proteins necessary for miRNA gene silencing are localized to P-bodies,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The acylurea functional group is also found in some pharmaceutical drugs such as the anticonvulsants phenacemide, pheneturide, chlorphenacemide, and acetylpheneturide (which are phenylureides), and the sedatives acecarbromal, bromisoval, and carbromal (which are bromoureides). Others include apronal (apronalide), capur... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Karrers early research concerned complex metal compounds but his most important work has concerned plant pigments, particularly the yellow carotenoids. He elucidated their chemical structure and showed that some of these substances are transformed in the body into vitamin A. His work led to the establishment of the cor... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Poolman has received numerous awards, including the Biochemistry Award (1989) of the Dutch Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Organisation (NVBMB), a Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences fellowship (1989), a Human Frontiers Science Program Organization award (1992), the SON ‘Jonge Chemici’ award (1997), the F... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Methenamine silver stains are used for staining in histology, including the following types:
*Grocott's methenamine silver stain, used widely as a screen for fungal organisms.
*Jones' stain, a methenamine silver-Periodic acid-Schiff that stains for basement membrane, availing to view the "spiked" Glomerular basement me... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Most photosynthetic organisms are photoautotrophs, which means that they are able to synthesize food directly from carbon dioxide and water using energy from light. However, not all organisms use carbon dioxide as a source of carbon atoms to carry out photosynthesis; photoheterotrophs use organic compounds, rather than... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
SEOP has successfully been used and is fairly well developed for He, Xe, and Kr for biomedical applications. Additionally, several improvements are under way to get enhanced and interpretable imaging of cancer cells in biomedical science. Studies involving hyperpolarization of Xe are underway, piquing the interest of p... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In colloidal chemistry, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of a surfactant is one of the parameters in the Gibbs free energy of micellization. The concentration at which the monomeric surfactants self-assemble into thermodynamically stable aggregates is the CMC. The Krafft temperature of a surfactant is the lowes... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
On September 11, 2007, Sepracor signed a marketing deal with British pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline for the rights to sell eszopiclone (under the name Lunivia rather than Lunesta) in Europe. Sepracor was expected to receive approximately $155 million if the deal went through. In 2008 Sepracor submitted an appli... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
DEAD is an orange-red liquid which weakens its color to yellow or colorless upon dilution or chemical reaction. This color change is conventionally used for visual monitoring of the synthesis. DEAD dissolves in most common organic solvents, such as toluene, chloroform, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran and dichloromethane but h... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cells require a full and functional cellular machinery to live. When they belong to complex multicellular organisms, they need to communicate among themselves and work for symbiosis in order to give life to the organism. These communications between cells triggers intracellular signaling cascades, termed signal transdu... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The primary sources of mold exposure are from the indoor air in buildings with substantial mold growth and the ingestion of food with mold growths. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Figure 9 depicts a heat-conduction experiment between two temperatures T and T connected by a tube filled with He-II. When heat is applied to the hot end a pressure builds up at the hot end according to Eq.. This pressure drives the normal component from the hot end to the cold end according to
Here η is the viscosity ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The product is manufactured by hydrogenation of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate. It may also be manufactured by phosgenation of 4,4-Diaminodicyclohexylmethane. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In genetics, a silencer is a DNA sequence capable of binding transcription regulation factors, called repressors. DNA contains genes and provides the template to produce messenger RNA (mRNA). That mRNA is then translated into proteins. When a repressor protein binds to the silencer region of DNA, RNA polymerase is pre... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
* Maryland Chemist of the Year Award (American Chemical Society Maryland Section), 2011
* F. Albert Cotton Award in Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry, 2009
* 2009 Sierra Nevada Distinguished Chemist Award
* Appointed to Ira Remsen Chair in Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, May 1999.
* Elected Chair, 1998 Metals in Biolo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Lanthanum acetate is an inorganic compound, a salt of lanthanum with acetic acid with the chemical formula . | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In general, biosignatures can be grouped into ten broad categories:
#Isotope patterns: Isotopic evidence or patterns that require biological processes.
#Chemistry: Chemical features that require biological activity.
#Organic matter: Organics formed by biological processes.
#Minerals: Minerals or biomineral-phases whose... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Roberts was made a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and a chemistry professorship at Wellesley now bears her name. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Crystallographic directions are lines linking nodes (atoms, ions or molecules) of a crystal. Similarly, crystallographic planes are planes linking nodes. Some directions and planes have a higher density of nodes; these dense planes have an influence on the behavior of the crystal:
*optical properties: in condensed matt... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Fecal Sludge is often processed through a series of treatment steps to first separate the liquids from the solids, and then treat both the liquid and solid trains while recovering as much of the energy or nutritive value as possible. Common processes at fecal sludge treatment plants include:
* Fecal sludge reception – ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The first magnesium transporter isolated in any multicellular organism, AtMHX shows no similarity to any previously isolated Mg transport protein. The gene was initially identified in the A. thaliana genomic DNA sequence database, by its similarity to the SLC8 family of Na+/Ca exchanger genes in humans.
The cDNA sequen... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The relative permittivity is an essential piece of information when designing capacitors, and in other circumstances where a material might be expected to introduce capacitance into a circuit. If a material with a high relative permittivity is placed in an electric field, the magnitude of that field will be measurably... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Escitalopram is the (S)-enantiomer (left-handed version) of the racemate citalopram, which is responsible for its name: escitalopram. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In liquid scintillation counting, a small aliquot, filter or swab is added to scintillation fluid and the plate or vial is placed in a scintillation counter to measure the radioactive emissions. Manufacturers have incorporated solid scintillants into multi-well plates to eliminate the need for scintillation fluid and ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In World War II Eshelby began working for the Admiralty on the degaussing of ships, but on 4 May 1940 he joined the Technical Branch of the Royal Air Force. His work from February 1941 to June 1942 was for the Coastal Command Development Unit conducting performance trials of Air-to-Surface Vessel radar and other opera... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Andrei Nikolaevich Khlobystov was born in Soviet Russia in 1974. He obtained a Master of Science degree in chemistry from Moscow State University in 1997, and received a PhD in 2002 from the University of Nottingham under the supervision of Martin Schröder and Neil Champness. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
There are several design considerations and mitigation techniques that can be used to reduce the susceptibility to CAF. Certain material selection (i.e. laminate) and design rules (i.e. via spacing) can help reduce CAF risk. Poor adhesion between the resin and glass fibers in the PCB can create a path for CAF to occur.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Members of the family include blood serotransferrin (or siderophilin, usually simply called transferrin); lactotransferrin (lactoferrin); milk transferrin; egg white ovotransferrin (conalbumin); and membrane-associated melanotransferrin. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The origins of dimensional analysis have been disputed by historians. The first written application of dimensional analysis has been credited to François Daviet, a student of Lagrange, in a 1799 article at the Turin Academy of Science.
This led to the conclusion that meaningful laws must be homogeneous equations in the... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The angle between the C-C bonds in each carbon atom is 108°, which is the angle between adjacent sides of a regular pentagon. That value is quite close to the 109.5° central angle of a regular tetrahedron—the ideal angle between the bonds on an atom that has sp hybridisation. As a result, there is minimal angle strain.... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Solvents also have an effect on allylic strain. When used in conjunction with knowledge of the effects of polarity on allylic strain, solvents can be very useful in directing the conformation of a product that contains an allylic structure in its transition state. When a bulky and polar solvent is able to interact wi... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Photoelectrolysis of water, also known as photoelectrochemical water splitting, occurs in a photoelectrochemical cell when light is used as the energy source for the electrolysis of water, producing dihydrogen which can be used as a fuel. This process is one route to a "hydrogen economy", in which hydrogen fuel is prod... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The esophagus, commonly known as the foodpipe or gullet, consists of a muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach. The esophagus is continuous with the laryngopharynx. It passes through the posterior mediastinum in the thorax and enters the stomach through a hole in the thoracic diaphragm—t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The RFamide peptide family, or the RFamide-related peptides (RFRPs), are a family of neuropeptides. They are characterized by the possession of an Arg-Phe-NH motif at their C-terminal extremities.
Members of the family include:
* Neuropeptide FF group
** Neuropeptide AF
** Neuropeptide FF
** Neuropeptide SF (RFRP-1)
**... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Many major physiological processes depend on regulation of proteolytic enzyme activity and there can be dramatic consequences when equilibrium between an enzyme and its substrates is disturbed. In this prospective, the discovery of small-molecule ligands, like protease inhibitors, that can modulate catalytic activities... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The compound is prepared by adding hexafluoropropene to a solution of diethylamine in ether at 0 °C and distilling the product in vacuo. The amount of enamine in the product depends on temperature control during the reaction – the higher the temperature the more enamine. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The protein complex nitrogenase is responsible for catalyzing the reduction of nitrogen gas (N) to ammonia (NH). In cyanobacteria, this enzyme system is housed in a specialized cell called the heterocyst. The production of the nitrogenase complex is genetically regulated, and the activity of the protein complex is depe... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Müllerian mimicry was discovered and has mainly been researched in insects. However, there is no reason why the mechanisms evolutionary advantages should not be exploited in other groups. There is some evidence that birds in the New Guinea genus Pitohui are Müllerian mimics. Pitohui dichrous and Pitohui kirhocephalus' ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Because so many chloroplast genes have been moved to the nucleus, many proteins that would originally have been translated in the chloroplast are now synthesized in the cytoplasm of the plant cell. These proteins must be directed back to the chloroplast, and imported through at least two chloroplast membranes.
Curiousl... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Isoaspartyl formation reactions have been conjectured to be one of the factors that limit the useful lifetime of proteins.
Isoaspartyl formation proceeds much more quickly if the asparagine is followed by a small, flexible residue (such as Gly) that leaves the peptide group open for attack. These reactions also procee... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Despite the growing use of nuclear medicine, the potential expansion of nuclear power plants, and worries about protection against nuclear threats and the management of the nuclear waste generated in past decades, the number of students opting to specialize in nuclear and radiochemistry has decreased significantly over... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Copper electrocatalysts produce multicarbon compounds from CO. These include C products (ethylene, ethanol, acetate, etc.) and even C products (propanol, acetone, etc.) These products are more valuable than C1 products, but the current efficiencies are low. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In 1939, Martin Kamen and Samuel Ruben of the Radiation Laboratory at Berkeley began experiments to determine if any of the elements common in organic matter had isotopes with half-lives long enough to be of value in biomedical research. They synthesized using the laboratorys cyclotron accelerator and soon discovered ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The PHLPP isoforms (PH domain and Leucine rich repeat Protein Phosphatases) are a pair of protein phosphatases, PHLPP1 and PHLPP2, that are important regulators of Akt serine-threonine kinases (Akt1, Akt2, Akt3) and conventional/novel protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. PHLPP may act as a tumor suppressor in several t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Given the advantages provided by the working mechanism of thermogalvanic cells, their main application is electricity production under conditions where there is an excess of heat available. In particular thermogalvanic cells are being used to produce electricity in the following areas. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
As well as using 3D structure and family precedence, it is possible to estimate druggability using other properties of a protein such as features derived from the amino-acid sequence (feature-based druggability) which is applicable to assessing small-molecule based druggability or biotherapeutic-based druggability or t... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Nucleophilic epoxidation is the formation of epoxides from electron-deficient double bonds through the action of nucleophilic oxidants. Nucleophilic epoxidation methods represent a viable alternative to electrophilic methods, many of which do not epoxidize electron-poor double bonds efficiently.
Although the most commo... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Almost any biological sample containing a full copy of the DNA—even a very small amount of DNA or ancient DNA—can provide the genetic material necessary for full genome sequencing. Such samples may include saliva, epithelial cells, bone marrow, hair (as long as the hair contains a hair follicle), seeds, plant leaves, o... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The precipitation method is the one used for the determination of the amount of calcium in water. Using this method, an excess of oxalic acid, HCO, is added to a measured, known volume of water. By adding a reagent, here ammonium oxalate, the calcium will precipitate as calcium oxalate. The proper reagent, when added t... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Good single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments in diamond anvil cells require sample stage to rotate on the vertical axis, omega. Most diamond anvil cells do not feature a large opening that would allow the cell to be rotated to high angles, a 60 degrees opening is considered sufficient for most crystals but larger ... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
A number of companies have commercialized mercury detection via CVAFS and produced transportable analysers capable of measuring mercury in ambient air. These devices can measure levels in the low parts per quadrillion range (10). | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In engineering, physics, and chemistry, the study of transport phenomena concerns the exchange of mass, energy, charge, momentum and angular momentum between observed and studied systems. While it draws from fields as diverse as continuum mechanics and thermodynamics, it places a heavy emphasis on the commonalities bet... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Level 2 vectors have two inverted BpiI sites from the insertion of level 1 modules. The upstream fusion site is compatible to a gene cloned in level 1 vector while the downstream fusion site has a universal sequence. Each cloning allows 2-6 genes to be inserted in the same vector.
Adding more genes in one cloning step ... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Once transported, the translated protein is 396 residues in length, with an N-terminus located at amino acids 1-25, a C-terminus at 155-396 (note that the spectrin homology located at 228-380 within the C-terminal), and a putative coiled coil domain at amino acids 26-154. Additionally, the protein has binding sites for... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The dioxane molecule is centrosymmetric, meaning that it adopts a chair conformation, typical of relatives of cyclohexane. However, the molecule is conformationally flexible, and the boat conformation is easily adopted, e.g. in the chelation of metal cations.
Dioxane resembles a smaller crown ether with only two ethyle... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The Berry mechanism in square pyramidal molecules (such as IF) is somewhat like the inverse of the mechanism in bipyramidal molecules. Starting at the "transition phase" of bipyramidal pseudorotation, one pair of fluorines scissors back and forth with a third fluorine, causing the molecule to vibrate. Unlike with pseud... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Cell differentiation involves a transition from a proliferative mode toward differentiation mode. Directed differentiation consists in mimicking developmental (embryo's development) decisions in vitro using the stem cells as source material. For this purpose, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are cultured in controlled con... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Whales and other marine mammals also enhance primary productivity in their feeding areas by concentrating nitrogen near the surface through the release of flocculent fecal plumes. For example, whales and seals may be responsible for replenishing more nitrogen in the Gulf of Maine's euphotic zone than the input of all r... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Young received her B.S. and M.S. from Wake Forest University, working with Prof. Huw Davies. She was co-author on an early application of Davies' rhodium(II) carbenoid insertion - Cope rearrangement chemistry, leading to the total synthesis of three small tropane natural products. Young received her Ph.D. from Princeto... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The superfluid phase of neutron matter exists in neutron stars.
The superfluidity is described by the BCS model with a realistic nucleon-nucleon interaction potential.
By increasing the density of nuclear matter above the saturation density, quark matter is formed. It is expected that dense quark matter at low
temper... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The largest "classic" pinch device was the ZETA, which started operation in the UK in 1957. Its name is a take-off on small experimental fission reactors that often had "zero energy" in their name, such as ZEEP.
In early 1958, John Cockcroft announced that fusion had been achieved in the ZETA, an announcement that made... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The effects of friction and viscosity in diminishing the velocity of running water were noticed in the Principia of Sir Isaac Newton, who threw much light upon several branches of hydromechanics. At a time when the Cartesian system of vortices universally prevailed, he found it necessary to investigate that hypothesis,... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Chemical and electrical synapses are two ways of synaptic transmission.
* In a chemical synapse, electrical activity in the presynaptic neuron is converted (via the activation of voltage-gated calcium channels) into the release of a chemical called a neurotransmitter that binds to receptors located in the plasma membra... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
An estimated 4,100,000,000 kg of chloromethane are produced annually by natural sources. The oceans are estimated to release 1 to 2 million tons of bromomethane annually. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The coding region of a gene, also known as the coding sequence (CDS), is the portion of a gene's DNA or RNA that codes for a protein. Studying the length, composition, regulation, splicing, structures, and functions of coding regions compared to non-coding regions over different species and time periods can provide a s... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Thermal perturbations are the most common type of external stimulus used to induce SCO. One example is [Fe(tmphen)][Co(CN)] trigonal bipyramid (TBP), with the Fe centers in the equatorial positions. The HS Fe remains under 20% i the range of 4.2 K to 50 K, but at room temperature about two-thirds of the Fe ions in the... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Simple twinned crystals may be contact twins or penetration twins. Contact twins meet on a single composition plane, often appearing as mirror images across the boundary. Plagioclase, quartz, gypsum, and spinel often exhibit contact twinning. Merohedral twinning occurs when the lattices of the contact twins superimpose... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
María Vallet-Regí (born 19 April 1946) is a Spanish inorganic chemist. As of 2012, she heads the Smart Biomaterials group at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
This fitting (also known as a "bungalow fitting" or a "cottage fitting") is a sanitary tee that allows two trap arms to be connected at the same level. A toilet is the main connection, with the option of a right or left-hand outlet to the 3" inlet with a choice of 1-1/2" or 2" in size. It is used to keep stack-vented f... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
A monochromator's adjustment range might cover the visible spectrum and some part of both or either of the nearby ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) spectra, although monochromators are built for a great variety of optical ranges, and to a great many designs. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
The light reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes. They take light energy and store it in NADPH, a form of NADP, and ATP to fuel the dark reactions. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Brkić and Praks show one approximation of the Colebrook equation based on the Wright -function, a cognate of the Lambert W-function
:, , , and
The equation was found to match the Colebrook–White equation within 0.0497%. | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
Larry Paul Kelley established ICT (International Crystal Technology) in 1970 with Craig Hardy and Tom VanBergen. Kelley had worked for Dow Chemical in Ludington and at a factory in Ann Arbor that produced laser crystals. The facility was sited in Shelby because the town had a new industrial park. By 2015, Kelley was IC... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
In chemistry, a water cluster is a discrete hydrogen bonded assembly or cluster of molecules of water. Many such clusters have been predicted by theoretical models (in silico), and some have been detected experimentally in various contexts such as ice, bulk liquid water, in the gas phase, in dilute mixtures with non-po... | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
Considerable evidence indicate that HERVs can be reactivated by viral infections, such as:
1) retroviruses – human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1);
2) RNA viruses – influenza A virus, hepatitis C virus (HCV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARSCoV-2);
3) DN... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
The Open Pharmacological Space created by the consortium intended to support open innovation and in-house non-public drug discovery research by removing bottlenecks in drug development. Resources from the project are publicly available on GitHub.
To reduce the barriers to drug discovery in industry, academia and for sm... | 1 | Applied and Interdisciplinary Chemistry |
In naphtha cracking process, C4R1 refers to C4 residual obtained after separation of 1,3-butadiene from C4 raffinate stream and which, mainly consists of isobutylene 40~50 wt% and cis- or trans-2-butene 30~35 wt%. Normally C4R1 is a side product in 1,3-butadiene plant and feed to tert-butyl alcohol plant. | 0 | Theoretical and Fundamental Chemistry |
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