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Gough is a cell biologist. She studied cell- and immunobiology, and molecular pathology and toxicology at the University of Leicester, graduating with a BSc in 1993 and an MSc in 1994, respectively. She continued her doctoral studies at the University of Nottingham, earning her PhD in Biomaterials in 1998. Between 1998... | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
Cosmetic implants — often prosthetics — attempt to bring some portion of the body back to an acceptable aesthetic norm. They are used as a follow-up to mastectomy due to breast cancer, for correcting some forms of disfigurement, and modifying aspects of the body (as in buttock augmentation and chin augmentation). Examp... | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
A sensor-based sorting equipment supplier with large installed base in the industries mining, recycling and food. Tomras sensor-based sorting equipment and services for the precious metals and base metals segment are marketed through a cooperation agreement with Outotec from Finland, which brings the extensive comminut... | 5 | Separation Processes |
Osazone formation was developed by Emil Fischer, who used the reaction as a test to identify monosaccharides.
The formation of a pair of hydrazone functionalities involves both oxidation and condensation reactions. Since the reaction requires a free carbonyl group, only "reducing sugars" participate. Sucrose, which is... | 6 | Carbohydrates |
** After considering the concept for some time, John Nuckolls publishes the concept of inertial confinement fusion. The laser, introduced the same year, appears to be a suitable "driver".
** The Soviet Union test the Tsar Bomba (50 megatons), the most powerful thermonuclear weapon ever.
** Plasma temperatures of approx... | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
The photochemical mechanisms that give rise to the ozone layer were discovered by the British physicist Sydney Chapman in 1930. Ozone in the Earth's stratosphere is created by ultraviolet light striking ordinary oxygen molecules containing two oxygen atoms (O), splitting them into individual oxygen atoms (atomic oxygen... | 8 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
Brighteners are commonly added to laundry detergents to make the clothes appear cleaner. Normally cleaned laundry appears yellowish, which consumers do not like. Optical brighteners have replaced bluing which was formerly used to produce the same effect.
Brighteners are used in many papers, especially high brightness... | 0 | Luminescence |
The plants contain the enzyme myrosinase, which, in the presence of water, cleaves off the glucose group from a glucosinolate. The remaining molecule then quickly converts to an isothiocyanate, a nitrile, or a thiocyanate; these are the active substances that serve as defense for the plant. Glucosinolates are also call... | 6 | Carbohydrates |
* Molecular structures of glycans, glycopolymers and glycoconjugates: primary structure, aglycon information, polymerization degree and class of molecule. Structural scope includes molecules composed of residues (monosaccharides, alditols, amino acids, fatty acids etc.) linked by glycosidic, ester, amidic, ketal, phos... | 6 | Carbohydrates |
The term cryostasis was introduced to name the reversible preservation technology for live biological objects which is based on using clathrate-forming gaseous substances under increased hydrostatic pressure and hypothermic temperatures.
Living tissues cooled below the freezing point of water are damaged by the dehydra... | 1 | Cryobiology |
Cryo- is from the Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “ice, icy cold, chill, frost”). Uses of the prefix Cryo- include: | 1 | Cryobiology |
Over the years, concerns over population declines of the northern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum cottoni) have increased with the increasing value of their horns to poachers. Specifically, the population has declined nearly seventy percent from 2011 to 2019. Processes like SCNT can help aid in conservation effor... | 1 | Cryobiology |
The process of light ion acceleration using electrostatic fields and deuterium ions to produce fusion in solid deuterated targets was first demonstrated by Cockcroft and Walton in 1932 (see Cockcroft–Walton generator). That process is used in miniaturized versions of their original accelerator, in the form of small sea... | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
There are several methods termed natural cycle IVF:
* IVF using no drugs for ovarian hyperstimulation, while drugs for ovulation suppression may still be used.
* IVF using ovarian hyperstimulation, including gonadotropins, but with a GnRH antagonist protocol so that the cycle initiates from natural mechanisms.
* Frozen... | 1 | Cryobiology |
Using UV light for disinfection of drinking water dates back to 1910 in Marseille, France. The prototype plant was shut down after a short time due to poor reliability. In 1955, UV water treatment systems were applied in Austria and Switzerland; by 1985 about 1,500 plants were employed in Europe. In 1998 it was discove... | 8 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
A similar concept is being attempted by TAE Technologies, formerly Tri-Alpha Energy (TAE), based largely on the ideas of Norman Rostoker, a professor at University of California, Irvine. Early publications from the early 1990s show devices using conventional intersecting storage rings and refocussing arrangements, but ... | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
The helium hydride ion is formed during the decay of tritium in the molecule HT or tritium molecule T. Although excited by the recoil from the beta decay, the molecule remains bound together. | 4 | Acids + Bases |
Exposure limits for UV, particularly the germicidal UV-C range, have evolved over time due to scientific research and changing technology. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) and the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) have set exposure limits to safe... | 8 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
NFP is used in the development of a to scale, direct-write nanomanufacturing platform. The platform is capable of constructing complex, highly-functional nanoscale devices from a diverse suite of materials (e.g., nanoparticles, catalysts (increase rate of reaction), biomolecules, and chemical solutions). Demonstrated n... | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
Since ethanol boils at a much lower temperature than water, simple distillation can separate ethanol from water by applying heat to the mixture. Historically, a copper vessel was used for this purpose, since copper removes undesirable sulfur-based compounds from the alcohol. However, many modern stills are made of st... | 5 | Separation Processes |
Fellows of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (FTERM) recipients are:
* Alini, Mauro
* Atala, Anthony
* Badylak, Stephen
* Cancedda, Ranieri
* Cao, Yilin
* Chatzinikolaidou, Maria
* El Haj, Alicia
* Fontanilla, Marta
* Germain, Lucie
* Gomes, Manuela
* Griffith, Linda
* Guldberg, Robert
* Hellman, Kiki ... | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
Nutritionists often refer to carbohydrates as either simple or complex. However, the exact distinction between these groups can be ambiguous. The term complex carbohydrate was first used in the U.S. Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs publication Dietary Goals for the United States (1977) where it was ... | 6 | Carbohydrates |
Gastric organoids recapitulate at least partly the physiology of the stomach. Gastric organoids have been generated directly from pluripotent stem cells through the temporal manipulation of the FGF, WNT, BMP, retinoic acid and EGF signalling pathways in three-dimensional culture conditions. Gastric organoids have also ... | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
Abbreviations:
*Ex (nm): Excitation wavelength in nanometers
*Em (nm): Emission wavelength in nanometers
*MW: Molecular weight
*QY: Quantum yield
*BR: Brightness: Molar absorption coefficient * quantum yield / 1000
*PS: Photostability: time [sec] to reduce brightness by 50% | 0 | Luminescence |
One example of the powerful biological attributes of lectins is the biochemical warfare agent ricin. The protein ricin is isolated from seeds of the castor oil plant and comprises two protein domains. Abrin from the jequirity pea is similar:
* One domain is a lectin that binds cell surface galactosyl residues and enabl... | 6 | Carbohydrates |
Quenching of the triplet state by O (which has a triplet ground state) as a result of Dexter energy transfer is well known in solutions of phosphorescent heavy-metal complexes and doped polymers. In recent years, phosphorescence porous materials(such as Metal–organic frameworks and Covalent organic frameworks) have sho... | 0 | Luminescence |
The "upper phase" is formed by the more hydrophobic polyethylene glycol (PEG), which is of lower density than the "lower phase," consisting of the more hydrophilic and denser dextran solution.
Although PEG is inherently denser than water, it occupies the upper layer. This is believed to be due to its solvent ordering p... | 5 | Separation Processes |
Thermoluminescence dating is used for material where radiocarbon dating is not available, like sediments. Its use is now common in the authentication of old ceramic wares, for which it gives the approximate date of the last firing. An example of this can be seen in [http://www.antiquity.ac.uk/ant/079/ant0790390.htm Rin... | 0 | Luminescence |
In the second half of the 20th century, radium was progressively replaced with paint containing promethium-147. Promethium is a low-energy beta-emitter, which, unlike alpha emitters like radium, does not degrade the phosphor lattice, so the luminosity of the material will not degrade so quickly. It also does not emit t... | 0 | Luminescence |
Tissue engineering emerged during the 1990s as a potentially powerful option for regenerating tissue and research initiatives were established in various cities in the US and in European countries including the UK, Italy, Germany and Switzerland, and also in Japan. Soon fledgling societies were formed in these countrie... | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
American chemist William Draper Harkins was the first to propose the concept of nuclear fusion in 1915. Then in 1921, Arthur Eddington suggested hydrogen–helium fusion could be the primary source of stellar energy. Quantum tunneling was discovered by Friedrich Hund in 1927, and shortly afterwards Robert Atkinson and Fr... | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
High incidence of acid assaults have been reported in some African countries, including Nigeria, Uganda, and South Africa. Unlike occurrences in South Asia, acid attacks in these countries show less gender discrimination. In Uganda, 57% of acid assault victims were female and 43% were male. A study focusing on chemical... | 4 | Acids + Bases |
These equations were made using five major assumptions, with four of them being common to all the equations:
# The bubble remains spherical
# The bubble contents obey the ideal gas law
# The internal pressure remains uniform throughout the bubble
# No evaporation or condensation occurs inside the bubble
The fifth assum... | 0 | Luminescence |
The Keller–Miksis formulation is an equation derived for the large, radial oscillations of a bubble trapped in a sound field. When the frequency of the sound field approaches the natural frequency of the bubble, it will result in large amplitude oscillations. The Keller–Miksis equation takes into account the viscosity,... | 0 | Luminescence |
This is the equation of motion of the magnetization. It describes a Larmor precession of the magnetization around the effective field, with an additional damping term arising from the coupling of the magnetic system to the environment. The equation can be written in the so-called Gilbert form (or implicit form) as:
whe... | 7 | Magnetic Ordering |
Color By Blue (CBB) was developed in 2003. The Color By Blue process achieves higher luminance and better performance than the previous triple pattern process, with increased contrast, grayscale rendition, and color uniformity across the panel. Color By Blue is based on the physics of photoluminescence. High luminance ... | 0 | Luminescence |
A carbohydrate () is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water) and thus with the empirical formula (where m may or may not be different from n), which does not mean the H has covalent bonds with O (for example with , H has ... | 6 | Carbohydrates |
Autologous grafts are used to transfer tissue from one site to another on the same body. The use of autologous grafts prevents transplantation rejection reactions.
Grafts used for oral reconstruction are preferably taken from the oral cavity itself (such as gingival and palatal grafts). However, their limited availabi... | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
Magnonics is an emerging field of modern magnetism, which can be considered a sub-field of modern solid state physics. Magnonics combines the study of waves and magnetism. Its main aim is to investigate the behaviour of spin waves in nano-structure elements. In essence, spin waves are a propagating re-ordering of the m... | 7 | Magnetic Ordering |
In 2017, the University of Maryland simulated an N-Body beam system to determine if recirculating ion-beams could reach fusion conditions. Models showed that the concept was fundamentally limited because it could not reach sufficient densities needed for fusion power. | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
The release of energy with the fusion of light elements is due to the interplay of two opposing forces: the nuclear force, a manifestation of the strong interaction, which holds protons and neutrons tightly together in the atomic nucleus; and the Coulomb force, which causes positively charged protons in the nucleus to ... | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
Agarose is a polysaccharide derived from seaweed used for nanoencapsulation of cells and the cell/agarose suspension can be modified to form microbeads by reducing the temperature during preparation. However, one drawback with the microbeads so obtained is the possibility of cellular protrusion through the polymeric... | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
In the main isotopes of light elements, such as carbon, nitrogen and oxygen, the most stable combination of neutrons and of protons occurs when the numbers are equal (this continues to element 20, calcium). However, in heavier nuclei, the disruptive energy of protons increases, since they are confined to a tiny volume ... | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
Cold fusion researchers (McKubre since 1994, ENEA in 2011) have speculated that a cell that is loaded with a deuterium/palladium ratio lower than 100% (or 1:1) will not produce excess heat. Since most of the negative replications from 1989 to 1990 did not report their ratios, this has been proposed as an explanation fo... | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
*1.[https://web.archive.org/web/20060118094514/http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=5039 Nanotechnology: Molecular Speculations on Global Abundance]
*2.[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/354067215X Functional MRI] | 1 | Cryobiology |
Antiferromagnetic structures were first shown through neutron diffraction of transition metal oxides such as nickel, iron, and manganese oxides. The experiments, performed by Clifford Shull, gave the first results showing that magnetic dipoles could be oriented in an antiferromagnetic structure.
Antiferromagnetic mate... | 7 | Magnetic Ordering |
From the 1960s through the 1970s, methods have been developed to extract electrical energy directly from a hot gas (a plasma) in motion within a channel fitted with electromagnets (producing a transverse magnetic field), and electrodes (connected to load resistors). Charge carriers (free electrons and ions) incoming wi... | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
Another phenomena that exists in animal models is the presence of gradient fields in early development. More specifically, this has been shown in the aquatic amphibian: the newt. These "gradient fields" as they are known in developmental biology, have the ability to form the appropriate tissues that they are designed ... | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
The expert conference “Sensor-Based Sorting” is addressing new developments and applications in the field of automatic sensor separation techniques for primary and secondary raw materials. The conference provides a platform for plant operators, manufacturers, developers and scientists to exchange know-how and experienc... | 5 | Separation Processes |
Elemental crystalline neodymium is paramagnetic at room temperature and becomes an antiferromagnet with incommensurate order upon cooling below 19.9 K. Below this transition temperature it exhibits a complex set of magnetic phases that have long spin relaxation times and spin-glass behavior that does not rely on struct... | 7 | Magnetic Ordering |
Fusion–fission designs essentially replace the lithium blanket with a blanket of fission fuel, either natural uranium ore or even nuclear waste. The fusion neutrons have more than enough energy to cause fission in the U, as well as many of the other elements in the fuel, including some of the transuranic waste elements... | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
The magnetocrystalline anisotropy parameters have a strong dependence on temperature. They generally decrease rapidly as the temperature approaches the Curie temperature, so the crystal becomes effectively isotropic. Some materials also have an isotropic point at which . Magnetite (), a mineral of great importance to r... | 7 | Magnetic Ordering |
The alpha process generally occurs in large quantities only if the star is sufficiently massive, ( being the mass of the sun); these stars contract as they age, increasing core temperature and density to high enough levels to enable the alpha process. Requirements increase with atomic mass, especially in later stages -... | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
A good ion source should provide a strong ion beam without consuming much of the gas. For hydrogen isotopes, production of atomic ions is favored over molecular ions, as atomic ions have higher neutron yield on collision. The ions generated in the ion source are then extracted by an electric field into the accelerator ... | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
* Acellular Dermis. An acellular dermis is made by removing the cells (epidermis and dermal fibroblasts) from split-thickness skin. It has two sides: one side has a basal lamina suitable for the epithelial cells, and the other is suitable for fibroblast infiltration because it has intact vessel channels. It is durable,... | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
Hypothermia continues to be a major limitation to swimming or diving in cold water. The reduction in finger dexterity due to pain or numbness decreases general safety and work capacity, which consequently increases the risk of other injuries.
Other factors predisposing to immersion hypothermia include dehydration, inad... | 1 | Cryobiology |
The ancient Greeks postulated whether parts of the body could be regenerated in the 700s BC. Skin grafting, invented in the late 19th century, can be thought of as the earliest major attempt to recreate bodily tissue to restore structure and function. Advances in transplanting body parts in the 20th century further pus... | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or ice structuring proteins refer to a class of polypeptides produced by certain animals, plants, fungi and bacteria that permit their survival in temperatures below the freezing point of water. AFPs bind to small ice crystals to inhibit the growth and recrystallization of ice that would oth... | 1 | Cryobiology |
A key issue for the fusion–fission concept is the number and lifetime of the neutrons in the various processes, the so-called neutron economy.
In a pure fusion design, the neutrons are used for breeding tritium in a lithium blanket. Natural lithium consists of about 92% Li and the rest is mostly Li. Li breeding require... | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
GDP-mannose is produced from GTP and mannose-6-phosphate by the enzyme mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase.
The degradation of mannans (and many related forms of hemicellulose) has been well studied. The hydrolysis of the main mannan backbone is catalyzed by various enzymes including β-mannosidase, β-glucosidase, ... | 6 | Carbohydrates |
Mass defect (also called "mass deficit") is the difference between the mass of an object and the sum of the masses of its constituent particles. Discovered by Albert Einstein in 1905, it can be explained using his formula E = mc, which describes the equivalence of energy and mass. The decrease in mass is equal to the e... | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
The isothiocyanates formed from glucosinolates are under laboratory research to assess the expression and activation of enzymes that metabolize xenobiotics, such as carcinogens. Observational studies have been conducted to determine if consumption of cruciferous vegetables affects cancer risk in humans, but there is in... | 6 | Carbohydrates |
The helium hydride ion has six relatively stable isotopologues, that differ in the isotopes of the two elements, and hence in the total atomic mass number (A) and the total number of neutrons (N) in the two nuclei:
* or (A = 4, N = 1)
* or (A = 5, N = 2)
* or (A = 6, N = 3; radioactive)
* or (A = 5, N = 2)
... | 4 | Acids + Bases |
A clinical trial in cardiac arrest patients showed that hypothermia improved neurological outcome and reduced mortality. A retrospective study of the use of hypothermia for cardiac arrest patients showed favorable neurological outcome and survival. Osborn waves on electrocardiogram (ECG) are frequent during TTM after ... | 1 | Cryobiology |
Using multi-spectral imaging it is possible to read illegible papyrus, such as the burned papyri of the Villa of the Papyri or of Oxyrhynchus, or the Archimedes palimpsest. The technique involves taking pictures of the illegible document using different filters in the infrared or ultraviolet range, finely tuned to capt... | 8 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
Selection favors different traits in captive populations than it does in wild populations, so this may result in adaptations that are beneficial in captivity but are deleterious in the wild. This reduces the success of re-introductions, so it is important to manage captive populations in order to reduce adaptations to ... | 1 | Cryobiology |
For people who are alert and able to swallow, drinking warm (not hot) sweetened liquids can help raise the temperature. General medical consensus advises against alcohol and caffeinated drinks. As most hypothermic people are moderately dehydrated due to cold-induced diuresis, warmed intravenous fluids to a temperature ... | 1 | Cryobiology |
Fructose consumption results in the insulin-independent induction of several important hepatic lipogenic enzymes including pyruvate kinase, NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase, citrate lyase, acetyl CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, as well as pyruvate dehydrogenase. Although not a consistent finding among metaboli... | 6 | Carbohydrates |
The in vivo bioreactor is a tissue engineering paradigm that uses bioreactor methodology to grow neotissue in vivo that augments or replaces malfunctioning native tissue. Tissue engineering principles are used to construct a confined, artificial bioreactor space in vivo that hosts a tissue scaffold and key biomolecules... | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) first discovered ordinary magnetoresistance in 1856. He experimented with pieces of iron and discovered that the resistance increases when the current is in the same direction as the magnetic force and decreases when the current is at 90° to the magnetic force. He then did the same experim... | 7 | Magnetic Ordering |
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 3.715. | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
Since the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued a rule in 2001 requiring that virtually all fruit and vegetable juice producers follow HACCP controls, and mandating a 5-log reduction in pathogens, UVGI has seen some use in sterilization of juices such as fresh-pressed. | 8 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
For displaying of a limited palette of colors, there are a few options.
In beam penetration tubes, different color phosphors are layered and separated with dielectric material. The acceleration voltage is used to determine the energy of the electrons; lower-energy ones are absorbed in the top layer of the phosphor, whi... | 0 | Luminescence |
The filtrate cakes that are thin and fragile are usually the end products of this discharge lie. The materials are capable of changing phases, from solid to liquid, due to instability and disturbance. Two rollers guide the strings back to drum surface and at the same time separation of the filtrate cake occurs as they ... | 5 | Separation Processes |
Neuropsychology, in exploring the neural correlates of consciousness, interfaces with neuroscience, although the complexity of the central nervous system is a challenge to its study (that is, its operation resists easy reduction). Context-dependent memory and state-dependent memory show hysteretic aspects of neurocogni... | 7 | Magnetic Ordering |
Nitrosylsulfuric acid is the chemical compound with the formula . It is a colourless solid that is used industrially in the production of caprolactam, and was formerly part of the lead chamber process for producing sulfuric acid. The compound is the mixed anhydride of sulfuric acid and nitrous acid.
In organic chemistr... | 4 | Acids + Bases |
Although details have not surfaced, it appears that the University of Utah forced the 23 March 1989 Fleischmann and Pons announcement to establish priority over the discovery and its patents before the joint publication with Jones. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) announced on 12 April 1989 that it had a... | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
For higher spins, say spin , replace with coming from the Lie algebra representation of the Lie algebra , of dimension . The XXX Hamiltonian
is solvable by Bethe ansatz with Bethe equations | 7 | Magnetic Ordering |
A solar neutrino is a neutrino originating from nuclear fusion in the Sun's core, and is the most common type of neutrino passing through any source observed on Earth at any particular moment. Neutrinos are elementary particles with extremely small rest mass and a neutral electric charge. They only interact with matter... | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
Cold hardening is the physiological and biochemical process by which an organism prepares for cold weather. | 1 | Cryobiology |
Spin waves are observed through four experimental methods: inelastic neutron scattering, inelastic light scattering (Brillouin scattering, Raman scattering and inelastic X-ray scattering), inelastic electron scattering (spin-resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy), and spin-wave resonance (ferromagnetic resonance).... | 7 | Magnetic Ordering |
In a conventional n-type DSSC, sunlight enters the cell through the transparent SnO:F top contact, striking the dye on the surface of the TiO. Photons striking the dye with enough energy to be absorbed create an excited state of the dye, from which an electron can be "injected" directly into the conduction band of the ... | 8 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
Ultraviolet sterilizers are often used to help control unwanted microorganisms in aquaria and ponds. UV irradiation ensures that pathogens cannot reproduce, thus decreasing the likelihood of a disease outbreak in an aquarium.
Aquarium and pond sterilizers are typically small, with fittings for tubing that allows the wa... | 8 | Ultraviolet Radiation |
Scaffold materials are designed to enhance tissue formation through control of the local and surrounding environments. Scaffolds are critical in regulating cellular growth and provide a volume in which vascularization and stem cell differentiation can occur. Scaffold geometry significantly affects tissue differentiatio... | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
Steinert provides sorting technologies for recycling and mining industries using a variety of sensors, like X-ray, inductive, NIR and color optical sensors and 3D laser camera, which can be combined for sorting a variety of materials. NIR technology is used in the recycling field. | 5 | Separation Processes |
In 1935, Linus Pauling noted that the hydrogen atoms in water ice would be expected to remain disordered even at absolute zero. That is, even upon cooling to zero temperature, water ice is expected to have residual entropy, i.e., intrinsic randomness. This is due to the fact that the hexagonal crystalline structure of ... | 7 | Magnetic Ordering |
Hubel majored in mechanical engineering at Iowa State University, graduating in 1983. She continued her studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where she earned a master's degree in 1989 and completed her Ph.D. in the same year.
She worked as a research fellow at Massachusetts General Hospital from ... | 1 | Cryobiology |
There are also current approaches that are manufacturing scaffolds and coupling them with biological cues. Fabricated scaffolds can also be manufactured using either biological, synthetic, or a combination of both materials from scratch to mimic the native heart valve observed using imaging techniques. Since the scaffo... | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
Suspended solids (or SS), is the mass of dry solids retained by a filter of a given porosity related to the volume of the water sample. This includes particles 10 μm and greater.
Colloids are particles of a size between 1 nm (0.001 µm) and 1 µm depending on the method of quantification. Because of Brownian motion and e... | 5 | Separation Processes |
Glucose, along with fructose, is one of the primary sugars found in wine grapes. In wine, glucose tastes less sweet than fructose. It is a six-carbon sugar molecule derived from the breakdown of sucrose. At the beginning of the ripening stage there is usually more glucose than fructose present in the grape (as much as ... | 6 | Carbohydrates |
In Gaucher's disease, the enzyme glucocerebrosidase is nonfunctional and cannot break down glucocerebroside into glucose and ceramide in the lysosome. Affected macrophages, called Gaucher cells, have a distinct appearance similar to "wrinkled tissue paper" under light microscopy, because the substrates build-up within ... | 6 | Carbohydrates |
The history of nuclear fusion began early in the 20th century as an inquiry into how stars powered themselves and expanded to incorporate a broad inquiry into the nature of matter and energy, as potential applications expanded to include warfare, energy production and rocket propulsion. | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
As the neutron stars undergo accretion, the density in the crust increases, passing the electron capture threshold. As the electron capture threshold ( g cm) is exceeded, it allows for the formation of light nuclei from the process of double electron capture (), forming the light neon nuclei and free neutrons, which fu... | 3 | Nuclear Fusion |
This method, also known as transdifferentiation or direct conversion, consists in overexpressing one or several factors, usually transcription factors, introduced in the cells. The starting material can be either pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), or either differentiated cell type such as fibroblasts. The principle was fi... | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
Parkinsons disease is associated with aggregation of α-synuclein. As O-GlcNAc modification of α-synuclein has been found to inhibit its aggregation, elevating α-synuclein O-GlcNAc is being explored as a therapeutic strategy to treat Parkinsons disease. | 6 | Carbohydrates |
Carbon nanotubes are meant to potentially solve the typical tradeoff between the permeability and the selectivity of RO membranes. CNTs present many ideal characteristics including: mechanical strength, electron affinity, and also exhibiting flexibility during modification. By restructuring carbon nanotubes and coating... | 5 | Separation Processes |
*Protein, peptide, and DNA patterning
*Hydrogels
*Sol gels
*Conductive inks
*Lipids
*Silanes (liquid phase) written to glass or silicon | 2 | Tissue Engineering |
Somatic tissue can be stored in vitro for short periods of time. This is done in a light and temperature controlled environment that regulates the growth of cells. As an ex situ conservation technique tissue culture is primary used for clonal propagation of vegetative tissue or immature seeds. This allows for the proli... | 1 | Cryobiology |
A settling chamber where the two phases separate by static decantation. Coalescence plates facilitate the separation of the emulsion into two phases (heavy and light). The two phases then pass to continuous stages by overflowing the light phase and heavy phase weirs. The height of the heavy phase weir can be adjusted i... | 5 | Separation Processes |
As of 2015 hypothermia had shown no improvements in neurological outcomes or in mortality in neurosurgery. | 1 | Cryobiology |
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