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Martensite is formed in carbon steels by the rapid cooling (quenching) of the austenite form of iron at such a high rate that carbon atoms do not have time to diffuse out of the crystal structure in large enough quantities to form cementite (FeC). Austenite is gamma-phase iron (γ-Fe), a solid solution of iron and alloy... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In DNA, regulation of gene expression normally happens at the level of RNA biosynthesis (transcription). It is accomplished through the sequence-specific binding of proteins (transcription factors) that activate or inhibit transcription. Transcription factors may act as activators, repressors, or both. Repressors often... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
There are six operational steam traction engines on the grounds, with a 1913 Buffalo-Pitts steamroller and a 1909 20 horsepower Case undergoing restoration. The operational steam tractors are an 1895 Russell & Co. 15-30 steam tractor, a 1902 Advance 16-30 steam tractor, a 1912 J.I. Case steam tractor, a 1920 Minneapol... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The csiD promoter (csiD) is essential for the expression of csiD(carbon starvation induced gene), ygaF and the gab genes. The csiD is activated exclusively under carbon starvation conditions and stationary phase during which cAMP accumulates in high concentrations in the cell. The binding of cAMP to the cAMP receptor p... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
John Douglas Eshelby FRS (21 December 1916 – 10 December 1981) was a scientist in micromechanics. He made significant contributions to the fields of defect mechanics and micromechanics of inhomogeneous solids for fifty years, including important aspects of the controlling mechanisms of plastic deformation and fracture. | 0 | Metallurgy |
In die casting the most common defects are misruns and cold shuts. These defects can be caused by cold dies, low metal temperature, dirty metal, lack of venting, or excessive lubricant. Other possible defects are gas porosity, shrinkage porosity, hot tears, and flow marks. Flow marks are marks left on the surface of th... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Many different intermetallic compounds are formed during solidifying of solders and during their reactions with the soldered surfaces. The intermetallics form distinct phases, usually as inclusions in a ductile solid solution matrix, but also can form the matrix itself with metal inclusions or form crystalline matter w... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The Late Bronze Age remains at Norşuntepe was heavily disturbed by later Iron Age activity, but some larger buildings have been excavated. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Involvement of mediator in various human diseases has been reviewed. Since inhibiting one interaction of a disease-causing signaling pathway with a subunit of mediator may not inhibit general transcription needed for normal function, mediator subunits are attractive candidates for therapeutic drugs. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Ca ions are usually kept at nanomolar levels in the cytosol of plant cells, and act in a number of signal transduction pathways as second messengers. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Copper came into use in the Aegean area near the end of the predynastic age of Egypt about 3500 BC. The earliest known implement is a flat celt, which was found on a Neolithic house-floor in the central court of the palace of Knossos in Crete, and is regarded as an Egyptian product. Bronze was not generally used until ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In a 1987 article in New Scientist, Jack Harris reported that oxide jacking has caused significant damage to many historic structures in the United Kingdom, including St Pauls Cathedral, the British Museum and the Albert Memorial in London, Gloucester Cathedral, St. Margarets Church in King's Lynn, Winchester Cathedral... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In many cases, the splicing process can create a range of unique proteins by varying the exon composition of the same mRNA. This phenomenon is then called alternative splicing. Alternative splicing can occur in many ways. Exons can be extended or skipped, or introns can be retained. It is estimated that 95% of transcri... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Chromatin remodeling is the dynamic modification of chromatin architecture to allow access of condensed genomic DNA to the regulatory transcription machinery proteins, and thereby control gene expression. Such remodeling is principally carried out by 1) covalent histone modifications by specific enzymes, e.g., histone ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
*TXN2 NM_012473
*TXNDC11 NM_015914
*TXNDC12 NM_015913
*TXNDC15 NM_024715
*TXNDC17 NM_032731
*TXNDC9 NM_005783
*TXNL1 NM_004786
*TXNL4A NM_006701
*TXNL4B NM_017853
*TXNRD1 NM_003330 | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Located in the cell nucleus, the microprocessor complex cleaves primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) into precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA). Its two subunits have been determined as necessary and sufficient for the mediation of the development of miRNAs from the pri-miRNAs. These molecules of around 70 nucleotides contain a stem-loop o... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The four JAK family members are:
* Janus kinase 1 (JAK1)
* Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)
* Janus kinase 3 (JAK3)
* Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2)
Transgenic mice that do not express JAK1 have defective responses to some cytokines, such as interferon-gamma. JAK1 and JAK2 are involved in type II interferon (interferon-gamma) signallin... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Sensitization refers to the precipitation of carbides at grain boundaries in a stainless steel or alloy, causing the steel or alloy to be susceptible to intergranular corrosion or intergranular stress corrosion cracking.
Certain alloys when exposed to a temperature characterized as a sensitizing temperature become part... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Prokaryotes use one type of RNA polymerase, transcribing mRNAs that code for more than one type of protein. Transcription, translation and mRNA degradation all happen simultaneously. Transcription termination is essential to define boundaries in transcriptional units, a function necessary to maintain the integrity of t... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Copper tubes are made from the large billets of copper that are gradually worked and drawn down to the required size. As the tubes are drawn they are heat treated to produce the correct mechanical properties. The organic oils and greases used to lubricate the tubes during the drawing processes are broken down during th... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Olfactory receptor gene ([https://senselab.med.yale.edu/ordb/ OR]) is normally expressed in human and mouse olfactory tissue with a main function as odorant receptor for the detection of odorants. Individuals with a defect in this gene have disorders of taste and smell. It has been reported that ORs is also expressed o... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Silicon-infiltrated carbon-carbon composite is used for high performance "ceramic" brake disks, as they are able to withstand extreme temperatures. The silicon reacts with the graphite in the carbon-carbon composite to become carbon-fiber-reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC). These brake disks are used on some road-going... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Hydrolysis of GTP bound to an (active) G domain-GTPase leads to deactivation of the signaling/timer function of the enzyme. The hydrolysis of the third (γ) phosphate of GTP to create guanosine diphosphate (GDP) and P, inorganic phosphate, occurs by the S2 mechanism (see nucleophilic substitution) via a pentacoordinate ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
* Cholera toxin is an AB toxin that has five B subunints and one A subunit. The toxin acts by the following mechanism: First, the B subunit ring of the cholera toxin binds to GM1 gangliosides on the surface of target cells. If a cell lacks GM1 the toxin most likely binds to other types of glycans, such as Lewis Y and ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In the United States, the General Mining Law of 1872 gave rights to explore and mine on public domain land; the original law did not require post-mining reclamation (Woody et al. 2011). Mined land reclamation requirements on federal land depended on state requirements until the passage of the Federal Land Policy and Ma... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The zinc coating, when intact, prevents corrosive substances from reaching the underlying iron. Additional electroplating such as a chromate conversion coating may be applied to provide further surface passivation to the substrate material. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Compared with vertebrates, insects and crustaceans possess a number of structurally unusual hormones such as the juvenile hormone, a sesquiterpenoid. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Cell-free production of proteins is performed in vitro using purified RNA polymerase, ribosomes, tRNA and ribonucleotides. These reagents may be produced by extraction from cells or from a cell-based expression system. Due to the low expression levels and high cost of cell-free systems, cell-based systems are more wide... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The phosphatome includes proteins that are structurally closely related to phosphatases but lack catalytic activity. These retain biological function, and may regulate pathways that involve active phosphatases, or bind to phosphorylated substrates without cleaving them. Examples include [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ge... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The preferred method of iron production in Europe until the development of the puddling process in 1783–84. Cast iron development lagged in Europe because wrought iron was the desired product and the intermediate step of producing cast iron involved an expensive blast furnace and further refining of pig iron to cast ir... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The below list is not exhaustive, but here are some examples of popular cyclic corrosion test standards,
*[https://webstd.volvo.com/webstd/docs/1027,149 ACT 1] (Volvo)
*[https://webstd.volvo.com/webstd/docs/1027,1449 ACT 2] (Volvo)
*CETP 00.00-L-467 (Ford)
*D17 2028 (Renault)
*JASO M 609
*SAE J 2334
*VDA 621-415 | 0 | Metallurgy |
The steam engine was applied to power blast air, overcoming a shortage of water power in areas where coal and iron ore were located. This was first done at Coalbrookdale where a steam engine replaced a horse-powered pump in 1742. Such engines were used to pump water to a reservoir above the furnace. The first engines... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Particular advantages of the powder technology include:
# Very high levels of purity and uniformity in starting materials
# Preservation of purity, due to the simpler subsequent fabrication process (fewer steps) that it makes possible
# Stabilization of the details of repetitive operations, by control of grain size dur... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The International Institute of Welding Technology IIW published the Guideline "Recommendations for the HFMI Treatment" in October 2016. An overview of higher frequency hammers (HFMI) is presented, and recommendations for the correct application of the method and quantitative measurements for quality assurance the guide... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The identification of the genetic basis for the causative agent of a disease can be an important component of understanding its effects and spread. Location and content of structural genes can elucidate the evolution of virulence, as well as provide necessary information for treatment. Likewise understanding the specif... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In genetics, a master regulator gene is a regulator gene at the top of a gene regulation hierarchy, particularly in regulatory pathways related to cell fate and differentiation. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The principal manuscripts are:
* The Lucca MS, Lucca, Biblioteca Capitolare Feliniana, Codex 490, the oldest witness, c. 800.
* The Sélestat MS, Sélestat, Bibliothèque Humaniste, MS 17. A very full yet old witness, early ninth century.
* The Codex Matritensis (Madrid codex), Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional, MS A.16 (Was: ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
*MCM3AP possibly a primase
*XRCC5 NM_021141 Ku80
*XRCC6 NM_001469 Homo sapiens thyroid autoantigen: Single-stranded DNA-dependent ATP-dependent helicase. Has a role in chromosome translocation. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
A gene product is the biochemical material, either RNA or protein, resulting from expression of a gene. A measurement of the amount of gene product is sometimes used to infer how active a gene is. Abnormal amounts of gene product can be correlated with disease-causing alleles, such as the overactivity of oncogenes whic... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TCF7L2 gene have shown an increase in susceptibility to schizophrenia in Arab, European and Chinese Han populations. In the Chinese Han population, SNP rs12573128 in TCF7L2 is the variant that was associated with an increase in schizophrenia risk. This marker is used as a pre-d... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In the 16th century, heap leaching became commonly used to extract copper as well as saltpeter, from organic matter. Primarily used in Germany and Spain, pyrite would be brought to the surface and left out in the open. The pyrite would be set outside for months at a time, where rain and air exposure would lead to chemi... | 0 | Metallurgy |
TGFB1I1 has been shown to interact with:
* Androgen receptor,
* Dopamine transporter
* Hsp27,
* PTK2B,
* PTK2, and
* PTPN12. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
While the mechanism by which survivin may regulate cell mitosis and cytokinesis is not known, the observations made on its localization during mitosis suggests strongly that it is involved in some way in the cytokinetic process.
Proliferating Daoy cells were placed on a glass coverslip, fixed and stained with fluoresce... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The following excerpt from Takashi Fujii (1960) summarises well the limits of the Vegard’s law in the context of mineralogy and also makes the link with the Gladstone–Dale equation: | 0 | Metallurgy |
Dislocations require proper lattice ordering to move through a material. At grain boundaries, there is a lattice mismatch, and every atom that lies on the boundary is uncoordinated. This stops dislocations that encounter the boundary from moving. | 0 | Metallurgy |
The strength of a material is dependent on how easily dislocations in its crystal lattice can be propagated. These dislocations create stress fields within the material depending on their character. When solute atoms are introduced, local stress fields are formed that interact with those of the dislocations, impeding t... | 0 | Metallurgy |
SUI1 is a translation initiation factor that directs the ribosome to the translation start site, helped by eIF2 and the initiator Met-tRNA. SUI1 ensures that translation initiation commences from the correct start codon (usually AUG), by stabilizing the pre-initiation complex around the start codon. SUI1 promotes a hig... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The invertebrate mitochondrial code ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Utils/wprintgc.cgi?chapter=tgencodes#SG5 translation table 5]) is a genetic code used by the mitochondrial genome of invertebrates. Mitochondria contain their own DNA and reproduce independently from their host cell. Variation in translation of... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Specific control of the lac genes depends on the availability of the substrate lactose to the bacterium. The proteins are not produced by the bacterium when lactose is unavailable as a carbon source.
The lac genes are organized into an operon; that is, they are oriented in the same direction immediately adjacent on the... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The 5 UTR of prokaryotes consists of the Shine–Dalgarno sequence (5-AGGAGGU-3'). This sequence is found 3-10 base pairs upstream from the initiation codon. The initiation codon is the start site of translation into protein. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Certain gene deserts are heavy regulators, while others may be deleted without any effect. As a possible classification, gene deserts can be broken down into two subtypes: stable and variable. Stable gene deserts have fewer repeats and have relatively higher Guanine to Cytosine (GpC) content than observed in variable g... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The presynaptic bouton has an efficiently orchestrated process to fuse vesicles to the presynaptic membrane to release neurotransmitters and regenerate neurotransmitter vesicles. This process called the synaptic vesicle cycle maintains the number of vesicles in the presynaptic bouton and allows the synaptic terminal to... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Non-systematic, less-recognized and often unverified syntheses of silicon carbide include:
* César-Mansuète Despretz's passing an electric current through a carbon rod embedded in sand (1849)
* Robert Sydney Marsden's dissolution of silica in molten silver in a graphite crucible (1881)
* Paul Schuetzenberger's heating ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Froth flotation is a process for selectively separating hydrophobic materials from hydrophilic. This is used in mineral processing, paper recycling and waste-water treatment industries. Historically this was first used in the mining industry, where it was one of the great enabling technologies of the 20th century. It h... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The earliest surviving bimetallic strip was made by the eighteenth-century clockmaker John Harrison who is generally credited with its invention. He made it for his third marine chronometer (H3) of 1759 to compensate for temperature-induced changes in the balance spring. It should not be confused with the bimetallic m... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC), also known as flow-assisted corrosion, is a corrosion mechanism in which a normally protective oxide layer on a metal surface dissolves in a fast flowing water. The underlying metal corrodes to re-create the oxide, and thus the metal loss continues.
By definition, the rate of FAC depen... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Slip bands or stretcher-strain marks are localized bands of plastic deformation in metals experiencing stresses. Formation of slip bands indicates a concentrated unidirectional slip on certain planes causing a stress concentration. Typically, slip bands induce surface steps (e.g., roughness due persistent slip bands du... | 0 | Metallurgy |
It was given a Royal Charter in 1975. In 1977 it became the sixteenth constituent of the •Council of Engineering Institutions, which became the Engineering Council in 1981. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Silver overlay is an electroplated coating of silver on a non-conductive surface such as porcelain or glass. Most techniques used to create silver overlay involve the use of special flux which contains silver and turpentine oil. This is then painted on the glass ornament as a design. After the painting is complete, the... | 0 | Metallurgy |
As stated above, the STAT3-Ser/Hes3 signaling axis regulates the number of neural stem cells (as well as other cell types) in culture. This prompted experiments to determine if the same pathway can also regulate the number of naturally resident (endogenous) neural stem cells in the adult rodent brain. If so, this would... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Alternative U-to-C mRNA editing was first reported in WT1 (Wilms Tumor-1) transcripts, and non-classic G-A mRNA changes were first observed in HNRNPK (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K) transcripts in both malignant and normal colorectal samples. The latter changes were also later seen alongside non-classic U-t... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly(A) tail to an RNA transcript, typically a messenger RNA (mRNA). The poly(A) tail consists of multiple adenosine monophosphates; in other words, it is a stretch of RNA that has only adenine bases. In eukaryotes, polyadenylation is part of the process that produces mature mRNA fo... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Etching reveals and delineates grain boundaries and other microstructural features that are not apparent on the as-polished surface. The two most common types of etching in ceramography are selective chemical corrosion, and a thermal treatment that causes relief. As an example, alumina can be chemically etched by imme... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Archaeological evidence has not revealed metal smelting or alloying of metals by pre-Columbian native peoples north of the Rio Grande; however, they did use native copper extensively. | 0 | Metallurgy |
* A 32-inch diameter gas transmission pipeline, north of Natchitoches, Louisiana, belonging to the Tennessee Gas Pipeline exploded and burned from SCC on March 4, 1965, killing 17 people. At least 9 others were injured, and 7 homes 450 feet from the rupture were destroyed.
* SCC caused the catastrophic collapse of the ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
;AIME
*Sir Henry Ayers foundation president, 1893
*Uriah Dudley foundation general secretary 1893–1897
*David Lauder Stirling (c. 1871 – 30 August 1949); president 1894, secretary 1906–1941 or later; also secretary, Victorian Chamber of Mines 1898–1945
*H. W. Ferd Kayser (mine manager Mount Bischoff Tin Mining Company)... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The product of the blast furnace is pig iron, which contains 4–5% carbon and usually some silicon. To produce a forgeable product a further process was needed, usually described as fining, rather than refining. From the 16th century, this was undertaken in a finery forge. At the end of the 18th century, this began t... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Polysulfides are a class of chemical compounds derived from anionic chains of sulfur atoms. There are two main classes of polysulfides: inorganic and organic. The inorganic polysulfides have the general formula . These anions are the conjugate bases of polysulfanes . Organic polysulfides generally have the formulae , w... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The Schikorr reaction can occur in the process of anaerobic corrosion of iron and carbon steel in various conditions.
Anaerobic corrosion of metallic iron to give iron(II) hydroxide and hydrogen:
:3 (Fe + 2 HO → Fe(OH) + H)
followed by the Schikorr reaction:
:3 Fe(OH) → FeO + 2 HO + H
give the following global reaction... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Protein–protein interaction screening refers to the identification of Protein–protein interaction with high-throughput screening methods such as computer- and/or robot-assisted plate reading, flow cytometry analyzing.
The interactions between proteins are central to virtually every process in a living cell. Information... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
One of the most common base analogs is 5-bromouracil (5BU), the abnormal base found in the mutagenic nucleotide analog BrdU. When a nucleotide containing 5-bromouracil is incorporated into the DNA, it is most likely to pair with adenine; however, it can spontaneously shift into another isomer which pairs with a differe... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The strength, , of dislocation is dependent on the shear modulus, G, the magnitude of the Burgers vector, b, and the dislocation density, :
where is the intrinsic strength of the material with low dislocation density and is a correction factor specific to the material.
As shown in Figure 1 and the equation above, wor... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Archaeometallurgical scientific knowledge and technological development originated in numerous centers of Africa; the centers of origin were located in West Africa, Central Africa, and East Africa; consequently, as these origin centers are located within inner Africa, these archaeometallurgical developments are thus na... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In molecular biology, housekeeping genes are typically constitutive genes that are required for the maintenance of basic cellular function, and are expressed in all cells of an organism under normal and patho-physiological conditions. Although some housekeeping genes are expressed at relatively constant rates in most ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
On some other instances in biology (not necessarily about cell signaling), the term "Scaffold protein" is used in a broader sense, where a protein holds several things together for any purpose.
;In chromosome folding: Chromosome scaffold has important role to hold the chromatin into compact chromosome. Chromosome scaf... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The first step should always be an investigation to determine the cause of the deterioration. The general principles of repair include arresting and preventing further degradation; treating exposed steel reinforcement; and filling fissures or holes caused by cracking or left after the loss of spalled or damaged concret... | 0 | Metallurgy |
* Measurement of the emissivities of gases at temperatures up to 1000 °C. Emissivity values were required for gaseous aluminium chlorides as part of the development of the sub-halide distillation process mentioned above. A flowing column of the gas to be measured, heated in a refractory tube, was maintained at a fixed ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In molecular biology, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is read by a ribosome in the process of synthesizing a protein.
mRNA is created during the process of transcription, where an enzyme (RNA polymerase) converts the gene int... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In friction stir processing (FSP), a rotating tool is used with a pin and a shoulder to a single piece of material to make specific property enhancement, such as improving the materials toughness or flexibility, in a specific area in the micro-structure of the material via fine grain of a second material with propertie... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The original Jameson Cell design had the following features:
* small (200 mm diameter) downcomers
* no wash water
* no tailings recycle
* no bubble dispersers
* low capacity.
In 1994 MIM launched the Mark II model Cell. It incorporated the following changes:
* the downcomer diameter was increased to 280 mm
* wash-water... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In metazoans, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) processed by Dicer are incorporated into a complex known as the RNA-induced silencing complex or RISC. This complex contains an endonuclease that cleaves perfectly complementary messages to which the siRNA binds. The resulting mRNA fragments are then destroyed by exonucleas... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Processing of mRNA differs greatly among eukaryotes, bacteria, and archaea. Non-eukaryotic mRNA is, in essence, mature upon transcription and requires no processing, except in rare cases. Eukaryotic pre-mRNA, however, requires several processing steps before its transport to the cytoplasm and its translation by the rib... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The formation of raw iron ore pellets, also known as pelletizing, has the objective of producing pellets in an appropriate band of sizes and with mechanical properties high usefulness during the stresses of transference, transport, and use. For example, waste materials are ground before being heated and introduced into... | 0 | Metallurgy |
A longitudinal facial crack is a specialized type of defect that only occurs in continuous casting processes. This defect is caused by uneven cooling, both primary cooling and secondary cooling, and includes molten steel qualities, such as the chemical composition being out of specification, cleanliness of the material... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The half-Heusler compounds have distinctive properties and high tunability which makes the class very promising as thermoelectric materials. A study has predicted that there can be as many as 481 stable half-Heusler compounds using high-throughput ab initio calculation combine with machine learning techniques. The part... | 0 | Metallurgy |
CK1δ and CK1ε were thought to be generally redundant in circadian cycle length and protein stability. Recent research, however, has shown that CK1δ deficiency lengthens circadian period while CK1ε deficiency does not. Also, CK1α has recently been suggested to play a role redundant to CK1δ in phosphorylating PER1 althou... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Ridges (regions of increased gene expression) are domains of the genome with a high gene expression; the opposite of ridges are antiridges. The term was first used by Caron et al. in 2001. Characteristics of ridges are:
*Gene dense
*Contain many C and G nucleobases
*Genes have short introns
*High SINE repeat density
*L... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Powder metallurgy is a class of modern processing techniques in which metals are first powdered, and then formed into the desired shape by heating below the melting point. This is in contrast to casting, which occurs with molten metal. Superalloy manufacturing often employs powder metallurgy because of its material eff... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Jameson's research into flotation began when he was at Imperial College London, in 1969. A colleague, Dr J. A. Kitchener of the Royal School of Mines, pointed out that many of the new mineral deposits being found around the world required fine grinding to separate the valuable particles from the rock in which they were... | 0 | Metallurgy |
A growing number of ligands that can be used to activate RASSLs / DREADDs are commercially available.
CNO is the prototypical DREADD activator. CNO activates the excitatory Gq- coupled DREADDs: hM3Dq, hM1Dq and hM5Dq and also the inhibitory hM4Di and hM2Di G-coupled DREADDs. CNO also activates the G-coupled DREADD (GsD... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Fas ligand has been shown to interact with:
* CASP8,
* EZR,
* FADD,
* FNBP1,
* FYN,
* FAS,
* Grb2,
* PACSIN2, and
* TNFRSF6B. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Yttrium is used in the production of a large variety of synthetic garnets, and yttria is used to make yttrium iron garnets (, also "YIG"), which are very effective microwave filters which were recently shown to have magnetic interactions more complex and longer-ranged than understood over the previous four decades. Ytt... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Staff at BRM began work on an alternative to the conventional reverberatory cupellation furnace in the early 1980s. This included a review of the available technology, including the top-blown rotary converter ("TBRC"), on which test work was undertaken.
One of the first areas investigated was the use of oxygen-enriched... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Among the faculty members who have worked at the Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology, several Professors are distinguished world-widely:
** Sir Professor Harshad_Bhadeshia
** Professor Frédéric Barlat
** Professor Nack Joon KIM
** Professor Bruno De Cooman
** Prof. Yasushi Sasaki
** Prof. Hae-Geon Lee
** Prof. C... | 0 | Metallurgy |
LOV domains have been found to control gene expression through DNA binding and
to be involved in redox-dependent regulation, like e.g. in the bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Notably, LOV-based optogenetic tools have been gaining wide popularity in recent years to control a myriad of cellular events, including cell ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Lamina-associated domains (LADs) are parts of the chromatin that heavily interact with the lamina, a network-like structure at the inner membrane of the nucleus. LADs consist mostly of transcriptionally silent chromatin, being enriched with trimethylated Lys27 on histone H3, (i.e. H3K27me3); which is a common posttrans... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In the early 1950s, divers found the remains of a shipwreck in Cape Gelidonya, off the coast of Turkey. The remains included a substantial amount of copper oxhide ingot material: 34 in full, five in half, 12 corners, and of random fragments. Twenty-four full copper oxhide ingots have stamps on their centers—usually of... | 0 | Metallurgy |
From 1875 to 1920 American steel production grew from 380,000 tons to 60 million tons annually, making the U.S. the world leader. The annual growth rates in steel 1870–1913 were 7.0% for the US; 1.0% for Britain; 6.0% for Germany; and 4.3% for France, Belgium, and Russia, the other major producers. This explosive Ameri... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Autocrine signaling is a form of cell signaling in which a cell secretes a hormone or chemical messenger (called the autocrine agent) that binds to autocrine receptors on that same cell, leading to changes in the cell. This can be contrasted with paracrine signaling, intracrine signaling, or classical endocrine signali... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Developments in the United States had been less than spectacular. Butterss failures, as well as others, was followed after 1904, with Scotsman Stanley MacQuistens process (a surface tension based method), which was developed with a modicum of success in Nevada and Idaho, but this would not work when slimes were present... | 0 | Metallurgy |
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