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* Killick, D. 2004. Review Essay: "What Do We Know About African Iron Working?" Journal of African Archaeology. Vol 2 (1) pp. 135–152
* Bocoum, H. (ed.), 2004, The origins of iron metallurgy in Africa – New lights on its antiquity, H. Bocoum (ed.), UNESCO publishing
* Schmidt, P.R., Mapunda, B.B., 1996. "Ideology and ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Non-coding DNA (ncDNA) sequences are components of an organism's DNA that do not encode protein sequences. Some non-coding DNA is transcribed into functional non-coding RNA molecules (e.g. transfer RNA, microRNA, piRNA, ribosomal RNA, and regulatory RNAs). Other functional regions of the non-coding DNA fraction include... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
: The codon AUG both codes for methionine and serves as an initiation site: the first AUG in an mRNA's coding region is where translation into protein begins. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Detonation spraying is one of the many forms of thermal spraying techniques that are used to apply a protective coating at supersonic velocities to a material in order to change its surface characteristics. This is primarily to improve the durability of a component. It was first invented in 1955 by H.B. Sargent, R.M. P... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Bauxite ore is a mixture of hydrated aluminium oxides and compounds of other elements such as iron. The aluminium compounds in the bauxite may be present as gibbsite (Al(OH)), böhmite (γ-AlO(OH)) or diaspore (α-AlO(OH)); the different forms of the aluminium component and the impurities dictate the extraction conditions... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).
Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
By the late Uruk period development had grown to include a large temple/palace complex.
Culturally, Melid was part of the "Northern regions of Greater Mesopotamia" functioning as a trade colony along the Euphrates River bringing raw materials to Sumer (Lower Mesopotamia).
Numerous similarities have been found between t... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Similar to copper oxide heap leaching, also using dilute sulfuric acid. Rio Tinto is commercializing this technology in Namibia and Australia; the French nuclear fuel company Orano, in Niger with two mines and Namibia; and several other companies are studying its feasibility.
The final product is yellowcake and requir... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Smiths contributions to engineering education encompass work in cooperative learning and knowledge engineering applications. He published a paper in the Journal of Engineering Education', in 1981, introducing cooperative learning in engineering literature. During the early 1980s, he conducted some of the first randomiz... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The green patina that forms naturally on copper and bronze, sometimes called verdigris, usually consists of varying mixtures of copper chlorides, sulfides, sulfates, and carbonates, depending upon environmental conditions such as sulfur-containing acid rain. In clean air rural environments, the patina is created by the... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Due to the relatively small sample size achievable with dealloying, the mechanical properties of these materials are often probed using the following techniques:
* Nanoindentation
* Micropillar compression
* Deflection testing of bridges
* Thin-film wrinkling | 0 | Metallurgy |
Particular disadvantages of the powder technology include:
# 100% sintered (iron ore) cannot be charged in the blast furnace
# sintering cannot create uniform sizes
# micro- and nanostructures produced before sintering are often destroyed. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Two proteins are crucial for interacting ethylene with the receptors, namely constitutive triple response 1 (CTR1) and ethylene insensitive 2 (EIN2). CTR1 is a serine/threonine protein kinase that functions as a negative regulator of ethylene signalling. It is a member of the signaling protein mitogen-activated protein... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Fionn Patrick Edward Dunne is a Professor of Materials Science at Imperial College London and holds the Chair in Micromechanics and the Royal Academy of Engineering/Rolls-Royce Research Chair. Professor Dunne specialises in computational crystal plasticity and microstructure-sensitive nucleation and growth of short f... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Nikolai Timofeevich Beliaev or Nicholas Timothy Belaiew (26 June 1878 – 5 November 1955) was a Russian metallurgist. He was famous for his studies on Damascus steel and the idea of crystallization in metals and the production of Widmanstatten structures. He also wrote on the history of steel making.
Beliaev was born i... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Chemokines are functionally divided into two groups:
*Homeostatic: are constitutively produced in certain tissues and are responsible for basal leukocyte migration. These include: CCL14, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21, CCL25, CCL27, CXCL12 and CXCL13. This classification is not strict; for example, CCL20 can act also as pro-infla... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Within computational biology, an MA plot is an application of a Bland–Altman plot for visual representation of genomic data. The plot visualizes the differences between measurements taken in two samples, by transforming the data onto M (log ratio) and A (mean average) scales, then plotting these values. Though original... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
This is an example of a DNA microarray experiment which includes details for a particular case to better explain DNA microarray experiments, while listing modifications for RNA or other alternative experiments.
# The two samples to be compared (pairwise comparison) are grown/acquired. In this example treated sample (ca... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The lac repressor was first isolated by Walter Gilbert and Benno Müller-Hill in 1966. They showed that in vitro the protein bound to DNA containing the lac operon, and it released the DNA when IPTG (an analog of allolactose) was added. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Although the Pidgeon process has many perks, there are some environmental disadvantages of the process as well. Since increased demand for magnesium has risen in recent years, production through ore reduction has been emitting large amounts of carbon dioxide and particulate matter. Due to the lightweight nature of magn... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The location of spliceosomal activity for the minor class spliceosome is regarded by most experts to be in the nucleus. However, a single paper has claimed that the minor spliceosome is active in the cytosol. The data presented within this paper are not fully accepted within the field and directly contradict numerous... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Biohydrometallurgy is a technique in the world of metallurgy that utilizes biological agents (bacteria) to recover and treat metals such as copper. Modern biohydrometallurgy advances started with the bioleaching of copper more efficiently in the 1950's | 0 | Metallurgy |
The Pedersen Process was invented by Harald Pedersen in the 1920s and used in Norway for over 40 years before shutting down due to the Pedersen Process being less economically competitive than the Bayer Process. However, it is believed a modern Pedersen process could be economically viable with "low-quality" bauxite, a... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The modernization of private and state-owned factories and the construction of railways, which began in the 1910s, were not completed by the beginning of the war. Thinking the war would be brief, the government did not involve the private factories of the Urals in the production of guns and shells until the summer of 1... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In the 1740s, Benjamin Huntsman found a means of melting blister steel, made by the cementation process, in crucibles. The resulting crucible steel, usually cast in ingots, was more homogeneous than blister steel. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Thermal spraying techniques are another popular finishing option, and often have better high temperature properties than electroplated coatings. Thermal spraying, also known as a spray welding process, is an industrial coating process that consists of a heat source (flame or other) and a coating material that can be in... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The first transcriptome studies were based on microarray techniques (also known as DNA chips). Microarrays consist of thin glass layers with spots on which oligonucleotides, known as "probes" are arrayed; each spot contains a known DNA sequence.
When performing microarray analyses, mRNA is collected from a control and ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The British Non-Ferrous Metals Research Association was a research group in the United Kingdom during the 20th century, bringing together public and privately funded research into metallurgy. The name was abbreviated officially to B.N.F.M.R.A. (the organisation was normally known as ‘The BNF’ during its life). It was ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Traditionally bun ingots were seen as a primary product of smelting, forming at the base of a furnace beneath a layer of less dense slag. However, experimental reconstruction of copper smelting showed that regular plano-convex ingots are difficult to form within the smelting furnace, producing only small ingots or copp... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The Miller process is an industrial-scale chemical procedure used to refine gold to a high degree of purity (99.5%). It was patented by Francis Bowyer Miller in 1867. This chemical process involves blowing chlorine gas through molten, but (slightly) impure, gold. Nearly all metal contaminants react to form chlorides b... | 0 | Metallurgy |
M2DS was first described in 1999.
In a Nature article published on November 25, 2015, it was revealed that researchers at the Baylor College of Medicine, led by Dr. Huda Y. Zoghbi, have reversed MECP2 Duplication Syndrome in adult symptomatic mice using antisense therapy. Mice treated with an experimental ASO administe... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The original Trail smelter for the nearby Rossland mines, was founded by the American mining engineer F. Augustus Heinze (1869 – 1914) who had already built a smelter in Butte, Montana. In 1896, Heinze initially incorporated his smelting and mining company in the United States and then in Canada. Within a period ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The IF2 initiation factor is a crucial component in the process of protein synthesis. The largest among the three indispensable translation initiation factors is IF-2, which possesses a molecular mass of 97 kDa. The protein has many domains, including an N-terminal domain, a GTPase domain, a linker region, C1, C2, and ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
C/EBPβ function is regulated by multiple mechanisms, including phosphorylation, acetylation, activation, autoregulation, and repression via other transcription factors, oncogenic elements, or chemokines. C/EBPβ can interact with CREB, NF-κB, and other proteins, leading to a trans-activation potential.
Phosphorylation o... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Compacted oxide layers can form due to sliding at low temperatures and offer some wear protection, however, in the absence of heat as a driving force (either due to frictional heating or higher ambient temperature), they cannot sinter together to form more protective glaze layers. | 0 | Metallurgy |
The Membership comprises almost 140 member companies in Europe as well as from the rest of the world. Members are:
* Coil coaters companies
* Paint, film and pre-treatment chemical suppliers
* Service centres/Stockholders
* Raw material suppliers
* Equipment manufacturers
* Technology providers
* Related associations/i... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infected Caco-2 cells, the phosphorylase activity of CK2 is increased resulting in phosphorylation of several cytoskeletal proteins. These infected cells also display CK2-containing filopodia protrusions associated with budding viral particles. Hence the protrusions may assist the virus in in... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Uncompetitive antagonists differ from non-competitive antagonists in that they require receptor activation by an agonist before they can bind to a separate allosteric binding site. This type of antagonism produces a kinetic profile in which "the same amount of antagonist blocks higher concentrations of agonist better t... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The experimental archaeometallurgy of iron is more recent then that of copper in that for the most part was not widely studied until the mid-20th century. This can be attributed to the modern smelting of wrought iron still being produced as an industry up until 1900, when the last of the large-scale production shut do... | 0 | Metallurgy |
One of the highest, at least in Western Europe, is in Loos-en-Gohelle in the former mining area of Pas-de-Calais, France. It comprises a range of five cones, of which two reach , surpassing the highest peak in Flanders, Mont Cassel. One of the regions of Europe most "littered" with (mountainous) spoil heaps is the Donb... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Multiple factors produced by the environment stimulate the corrosion and deterioration of concrete, such as freezing conditions, radiation exposure, and extensive heat cycles or freeze-thaw and wet-dry cycles. Cycles that cause mechanical breakdowns of concrete, such as freeze-thaw cycles, are incredibly ruinous. All t... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Quorum sensing is used by bacteria to form biofilms. Quorum sensing is used by bacteria to form biofilms because the process determines if the minimum number of bacteria necessary for biofilm formation are present. The criteria to form a biofilm is dependent on a certain density of bacteria rather than a certain number... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Friction stir processing can also be used to improve the microstructural properties of powder metal objects. In particular, when dealing with aluminium powder metal alloys, the aluminium oxide film on the surface of each granule is detrimental to the ductility, fatigue properties and fracture toughness of the workpiece... | 0 | Metallurgy |
There are a few unusual circumstances where speleothems have been created in caves as a result of hyperalkaline leachate, with the same chemistry as occurs in [Equations to ]. This chemistry can occur when there is a source of concrete, lime, mortar or other manmade calcareous material located above a cave system and ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
RNA silencing describes several mechanistically related pathways which are involved in controlling and regulating gene expression. RNA silencing pathways are associated with the regulatory activity of small non-coding RNAs (approximately 20–30 nucleotides in length) that function as factors involved in inactivating hom... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
It is common to model such a network with a set of coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) or SDEs, describing the reaction kinetics of the constituent parts. Suppose that our regulatory network has nodes, and let represent the concentrations of the corresponding substances at time . Then the temporal evoluti... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Dislocation creep is a non-linear (plastic) deformation mechanism in which vacancies in the crystal glide and climb past obstruction sites within the crystal lattice. These migrations within the crystal lattice can occur in one or more directions and are triggered by the effects of increased differential stress. It occ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Eshelby was born at Puddington, Cheshire, the son of Captain Alan Douglas Eshelby and Phoebe Mason Hutchinson. He was educated at St Cyprian's School, Eastbourne and was due to go to Charterhouse School but developed rheumatic fever and received his secondary education privately at home. At about this time the family m... | 0 | Metallurgy |
On the basis of Mössbauer spectroscopic analysis, green rust minerals are suspected to occur as minerals in certain bluish-green soils that are formed in alternating redox conditions, and turn ochre once exposed to air. The green rust has been conjectured to be present in the form of the mineral fougerite. | 0 | Metallurgy |
PELP1 functions as a coactivator of several NRs and regulates genes involved in proliferation and cancer progression. PELP1 enhances transcription functions of ESR1, ESR2, AR, GR, E2F and STAT3. PELP1 participates in activation of ESR1 extra-nuclear actions by coupling ESR1 with Src kinase PI3K STAT3 ILK1 and mTO... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
There are various methods of adequately identifying and monitoring hydrogen damage, including ultrasonic echo attenuation method, amplitude-based backscatter, velocity ratio, creeping waves/time-of-flight measurement, pitch-catch mode shear wave velocity, advanced ultrasonic backscatter techniques (AUBT), time of fligh... | 0 | Metallurgy |
After the end of the Hittite empire, from the 12th to 7th century BC, the city became the center of an independent Luwian Neo-Hittite state of Kammanu, also known as Malizi. A palace was built and monumental stone sculptures of lions and the ruler erected.
In the 12th century, Melid was probably dependent on Karkemiš, ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNFs) are a group of phylogenetically unrelated transcription factors that regulate the transcription of a diverse group of genes into proteins. These proteins include blood clotting factors and in addition, enzymes and transporters involved with glucose, cholesterol, and fatty acid transpo... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
UIT was originally developed in 1972 and has since been perfected by a team of Russian scientists under the leadership of Dr. Efim Statnikov. Originally developed and utilized to enhance the fatigue and corrosion attributes of ship and submarine structures, UIT has been utilized in aerospace, mining, offshore drilling,... | 0 | Metallurgy |
There is a collection of alternative splicing databases. These databases are useful for finding genes having pre-mRNAs undergoing alternative splicing and alternative splicing events or to study the functional impact of alternative splicing.
* AspicDB database
* Intronerator database
* ProSAS database | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Several methods are being pursued for controlling gene expression spatially, temporally and in different degrees. One method is by using operon inducer/repressor system which provides temporal control of gene expression. To control gene expression spatially inkjet printers are under development for printing ligands on ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Speisses are alloys of heavy metals like iron, cobalt, nickel and copper with arsenic, antimony and, occasionally, tin. The latter elements lower the melting point to around 1000 °C. Speisses commonly occur in lead smelting operations and copper smelting operations.
Speisses are only partially miscible with mattes, a... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In the 1990s, the Chinese government decided to increase the efficiency of the Chinese economy and reduce the environmental effects of heavy industry by modernising plants. As a response, the Yunnan Copper Corporation ("YCC") upgraded its existing plant, which was based on a sinter plant and an electric furnace, with a... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In April 1989, MIM Holdings Limited acquired the world rights to the Jameson Cell from TUNRA, with TUNRA retaining the rights to use the Cell for waste water treatment.
After the initial applications within the MIM Holdings group of companies, the years to 1994 saw Jameson Cells installed by various base and precious m... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Norşuntepe is a tell, or archaeological settlement mound, in Elazığ Province (Turkey). The site was occupied between the Chalcolithic and Iron Age and is now partially submerged by Lake Keban. It was excavated between 1968 and 1974. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Millesimal fineness is a system of denoting the purity of platinum, gold and silver alloys by parts per thousand of pure metal by mass in the alloy. For example, an alloy containing 75% gold is denoted as "750". Many European countries use decimal hallmark stamps (i.e., "585", "750", etc.) rather than "14 k", "18 k", e... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Regulatory networks allow bacteria to adapt to almost every environmental niche on earth. A network of interactions among diverse types of molecules including DNA, RNA, proteins and metabolites, is utilised by the bacteria to achieve regulation of gene expression. In bacteria, the principal function of regulatory netwo... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Ribosome profiling is a method that can reveal pausing sites through sequencing the ribosome protected fragments (RPFs or footprints) to map ribosome occupancy on the mRNA. Ribosome profiling has the ability to reveal the ribosome pause sites in the whole transcriptome. When the kinetics layer is added, it discloses th... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The G protein-coupled receptors have seven hydrophobic transmembrane domains. Most of them are monomeric proteins, although GABA receptors require heterodimerization to function properly. The protein's N terminus is located on the extracellular side of the membrane and its C terminus is on the intracellular side.
The ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
During the period of active colonization of the Urals, which began in the 14th to early 15th centuries, there were rumors about subsurface deposits in Perm land and Yugra. But when conditions were dangerous for the settlers, because of the indigenous population, industrial land development was practically not carried ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CRTC3 gene.
This gene has been shown to be linked to weight gain. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
A 5 cap (also termed an RNA cap, an RNA 7-methylguanosine cap, or an RNA mG cap) is a modified guanine nucleotide that has been added to the "front" or 5 end of a eukaryotic messenger RNA shortly after the start of transcription. The 5 cap consists of a terminal 7-methylguanosine residue that is linked through a 5-5'-t... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Enhancers or cis-regulatory modules/elements (CRM/CRE) are non-coding DNA sequences containing multiple activator and repressor binding sites. Enhancers range from 200 bp to 1 kb in length and can be either proximal, 5’ upstream to the promoter or within the first intron of the regulated gene, or distal, in introns of ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Although the new generation of mTOR inhibitors hold great promise for anticancer therapy and are rapidly moving into clinical trials, there are many important issues that determine their success in the clinic. First of all predictable biomarkers for benefit of these inhibitors are not available. It appears that genetic... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Several molecular biology studies during the 1950s indicated that RNA played some kind of role in protein synthesis, but that role was not clearly understood. For instance, in one of the earliest reports, Jacques Monod and his team showed that RNA synthesis was necessary for protein synthesis, specifically during the p... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Binding of a number of hormones and steroids, including testosterone, progesterone, and cholesterol, has been found to occur with sigma-2 receptors, though in some cases with lower affinity than to the sigma-1 receptor. Signaling caused by this binding is thought to occur via a calcium secondary messenger and calcium-d... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Bronze and brass are both copper alloys that are solid solution strengthened. Bronze is the result of adding about 12% tin to copper while brass is the result of adding about 34% zinc to copper. Both of these alloys are being utilized in coins production, ship hardware, and art. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Paired box protein Pax-6 in humans is a transcription factor, which is a main regulatory gene of eye and brain development. Ectopic expression of Drosophila homolog eyeless (ey) has been used to identify roles of Pax-6 in humans. Using tissue specific UAS-Gal4 system, ey can be induced on the legs, wings, halters and a... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Corrosion fatigue is fatigue in a corrosive environment. It is the mechanical degradation of a material under the joint action of corrosion and cyclic loading. Nearly all engineering structures experience some form of alternating stress, and are exposed to harmful environments during their service life. The environment... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Calcium carbide is produced industrially in an electric arc furnace from a mixture of lime and coke at approximately . This is an endothermic reaction requiring per mole and high temperatures to drive off the carbon monoxide. This method has not changed since its invention in 1892:
:CaO + 3 C → CaC + CO
The high tempe... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Some types of [http://www.epilepsy.com/ epilepsy] may be brought on due to a splice site mutation.
In addition to a mutation in a stop codon, a splice site mutation on the 3' strand was found in a gene coding for cystatin B in Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy patients. This combination of mutations was not found in unaf... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Consider a point in a continuum under a state of plane stress, or plane strain, with stress components and all other stress components equal to zero (Figure 8.1). From static equilibrium of an infinitesimal material element at (Figure 8.2), the normal stress and the shear stress on any plane perpendicular to the ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
β-Catenin has been shown to interact with:
* APC,
* AXIN1,
* Androgen receptor,
* CBY1,
* CDH1,
* CDH2,
* CDH3,
* CDK5R1,
* CHUK,
* CTNND1,
* CTNNA1,
* EGFR,
* Emerin
* ESR1
* FHL2,
* GSK3B,
* HER2/neu,
* HNF4A,
* IKK2,
* LEF1 including transgenically,
* MAGI1,
* MUC1,
* NR5A1,
* PCAF,
* PHF17,
... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The human hNanog protein coded by the NANOG gene, consists of 305 amino acids and possesses 3 functional domains: the N-terminal domain, the C- terminal domain, and the conserved homeodomain motif. The homeodomain region facilitates DNA binding. The NANOG is located on chromosome 12, and the mRNA contains a 915 bp open... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Cupellation is a refining process in metallurgy in which ores or alloyed metals are treated under very high temperatures and subjected to controlled operations to separate noble metals, like gold and silver, from base metals, like lead, copper, zinc, arsenic, antimony, or bismuth, present in the ore. The process is bas... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Anisomycin is used as a component of Martin Lewis agar, an in vitro diagnostic product which is used extensively in the United States for the selective isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis. The antimicrobial can also be used in buffered charcoal yeast extract media for the selective isolation o... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Source:
Fretting also occurs on virtually all electrical connectors subject to motion (e.g. a printed circuit board connector plugged into a backplane, i.e. SOSA/VPX). Commonly most board to board (B2B) electrical connectors are especially vulnerable if there is any relative motion present between the mating connector... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The process of activation and binding in eukaryotes is different from bacteria in the way that specific DNA elements bind the factors for a functional pre-initiation complex. In bacteria there is a single polymerase, that contain catalytic subunits and a single regulatory subunits known as sigma, which transcribe for ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Zinc was extracted in India as early as in the 4th to 3rd century BCE. Zinc production may have begun in India, and ancient northwestern India is the earliest known civilization that produced zinc on an industrial scale. The distillation technique was developed around 1200 CE at Zawar in Rajasthan.
In the 17th century,... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Earlier converters, with a false bottom that can be detached and repaired, are still in use. Modern converters have a fixed bottom with plugs for argon purging. The energy optimization furnace (EOF) is a BOF variant associated with a scrap preheater where the sensible heat in the off-gas is used for preheating scrap, l... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Tilt filling, also known as tilt casting, is an uncommon filling technique where the crucible is attached to the gating system and both are slowly rotated so that the metal enters the mold cavity with little turbulence. The goal is to reduce porosity and inclusions by limiting turbulence. For most uses tilt filling is ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
When a splice site mutation occurs in intron 2 of the gene that produces the parathyroid hormone, a parathyroid deficiency can prevail. In one particular study, a G to C substitution in the splice site of intron 2 produces a skipping effect in the messenger RNA transcript. The exon that is skipped possesses the initiat... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Typically bainite manifests as aggregates, termed sheaves, of ferrite plates (sub-units) separated by retained austenite, martensite or cementite. While the sub-units appear separate when viewed on a 2-dimensional section they are in fact interconnected in 3-dimensions and usually take on a lenticular plate or lath mor... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Because natural moissanite is extremely scarce, most silicon carbide is synthetic. Silicon carbide is used as an abrasive, as well as a semiconductor and diamond simulant of gem quality. The simplest process to manufacture silicon carbide is to combine silica sand and carbon in an Acheson graphite electric resistance f... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Huntingtin protein co-localizes with ATM repair protein at sites of DNA damage. Huntingtin is a scaffolding protein in the ATM oxidative DNA damage response complex. Huntingtons disease patients with aberrant huntingtin protein are deficient in repair of oxidative DNA damage. Oxidative DNA damage appears to underlie... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The function of neurons depends upon cell polarity. The distinctive structure of nerve cells allows action potentials to travel directionally (from dendrites to cell body down the axon), and for these signals to then be received and carried on by post-synaptic neurons or received by effector cells. Nerve cells have lon... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The Hall–Petch relation predicts that as the grain size decreases the yield strength increases. The Hall–Petch relation was experimentally found to be an effective model for materials with grain sizes ranging from 1 millimeter to 1 micrometer. Consequently, it was believed that if average grain size could be decreased ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Arsenical bronze is an alloy in which arsenic, as opposed to or in addition to tin or other constituent metals, is combined with copper to make bronze. The use of arsenic with copper, either as the secondary constituent or with another component such as tin, results in a stronger final product and better casting behavi... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In-situ synchrotron diffraction experiment on Electron alloy-WE 43 (Mg4Y3Nd) shows that this alloy form the following intermetallic phases ;Mg12Nd, Mg14Y4Nd, and Mg24Y5. | 0 | Metallurgy |
In materials science and materials engineering, uranium metallurgy is the study of the physical and chemical behavior of uranium and its alloys.
Commercial-grade uranium can be produced through the reduction of uranium halides with alkali or alkaline earth metals. Uranium metal can also be made through electrolysis of ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
ARTADE (ARabidopsis Tiling Array-based Detection of Exons) is a database for the annotation of genome-wide tiling-array data in Arabidopsis | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
After Falconbridge’s 1992 decision to market the Kidd technology, the Falconbridge and the then MIM Process Technologies groups competed for the tank house technology market. Between 1992 and 2006, 25 Kidd technology licences were sold, while there were 52 Isa process licences sold in the same period.
Xstrata plc (now ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The specific study of the ferrous compounds (those including iron, Fe) used in the past. Iron metal was first encountered in meteorites, and was later extracted from iron ores to create wrought iron which was never fully molten, and later, cast iron. Iron combined with carbon formed steel, allowing people to develop su... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The Jameson Cell is a high-intensity froth flotation cell that was invented by Laureate Professor Graeme Jameson of the University of Newcastle (Australia) and developed in conjunction with Mount Isa Mines Limited ("MIM", a subsidiary of MIM Holdings Limited and now part of the Glencore group of companies). | 0 | Metallurgy |
Duplex stainless steel is widely used in industry because it possesses excellent oxidation resistance, but it can have limited toughness due to its large ferritic grain size and embrittlement tendencies at temperatures ranging from 280–500 °C, especially at 475 °C, where spinodal decomposition of the supersaturated sol... | 0 | Metallurgy |
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