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pRb has the ability to reversibly inhibit DNA replication through transcriptional repression of DNA replication factors. pRb is able to bind to transcription factors in the E2F family and thereby inhibit their function. When pRb is chronically activated, it leads to the downregulation of the necessary DNA replication f... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Due to their high reactivity, most metals were not discovered until the 19th century. A method for extracting aluminium from bauxite was proposed by Humphry Davy in 1807, using an electric arc. Although his attempts were unsuccessful, by 1855 the first sales of pure aluminium reached the market. However, as extractive ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Classified as an orphan disease, there is currently no therapy for OPMD, caused by a mutation in the poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) gene. Silencing the mutant gene using DDRNAI offers a potential therapeutic approach. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In genetics, an enhancer is a short (50–1500 bp) region of DNA that can be bound by proteins (activators) to increase the likelihood that transcription of a particular gene will occur. These proteins are usually referred to as transcription factors. Enhancers are cis-acting. They can be located up to 1 Mbp (1,000,000 b... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Archaeal transcription is the process in which a segment of archaeal DNA is copied into a newly synthesized strand of RNA using the sole Pol II-like RNA polymerase (RNAP). The process occurs in three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination; and the end result is a strand of RNA that is complementary to a si... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
An olfactory receptor neuron (ORN), also called an olfactory sensory neuron (OSN), is a sensory neuron within the olfactory system. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Lead-Bismuth Eutectic or LBE is a eutectic alloy of lead (44.5 at%) and bismuth (55.5 at%) used as a coolant in some nuclear reactors, and is a proposed coolant for the lead-cooled fast reactor, part of the Generation IV reactor initiative.
It has a melting point of 123.5 °C/254.3 °F (pure lead melts at 327 °C/621 °F, ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
mTOR integrates the input from upstream pathways, including insulin, growth factors (such as IGF-1 and IGF-2), and amino acids. mTOR also senses cellular nutrient, oxygen, and energy levels. The mTOR pathway is a central regulator of mammalian metabolism and physiology, with important roles in the function of tissues i... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology has nine laboratories with key areas of expertise:
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110728031933/http://www.postech.ac.kr/mse/axal/ Alternative Technology Lab]:
**Continuous casting-related innovation
**Texture control
**Alternative alloying and processing
* [https://web.arc... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In humans endoglin may be involved in the autosomal dominant disorder known as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) type 1. HHT is actually the first human disease linked to the TGF beta receptor complex. This condition leads to frequent nose bleeds, telangiectases on skin and mucosa and may cause arteriovenous ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Western Asia has very little tin ore; the few sources that have recently been found are too insignificant to have played a major role during most of ancient history. However, it is possible that they were exploited at the start of the Bronze Age and are responsible for the development of early bronze manufacturing tec... | 0 | Metallurgy |
A classical view of PIC formation at the promoter involves the following steps:
* TATA binding protein (TBP, a subunit of TFIID) binds the promoter, creating a sharp bend in the promoter DNA.
** Animals have some TBP-related factors (TRF; TBPL1/TBPL2). They can replace TBP in some special contexts.
* TBP recruits TFIIA... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The Mixtec civilization have long been thought to be the dominant goldsmiths of post-classic Mesoamerica. A large number of gold artifacts found in central and southern Mexico have been attributed to the Mixtec. | 0 | Metallurgy |
A variation of the Washoe process was developed in the Reese River mining district around Austin, Nevada. The Washoe process was found not to work well for ores with arsenic or antimony sulfides, or with galena or sphalerite. In 1869, Carl A. Stetefeldt of Reno found that roasting the ore with salt converted the silv... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Thermocouples are suitable for measuring over a large temperature range, from −270 up to 3000 °C (for a short time, in inert atmosphere). Applications include temperature measurement for kilns, gas turbine exhaust, diesel engines, other industrial processes and fog machines. They are less suitable for applications wher... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Iron is usually found as iron ore on Earth, except for one deposit of native iron in Greenland, which was used by the Inuit. Native copper, however, was found worldwide, along with silver, gold, and platinum, which were also used to make tools, jewelry, and other objects since Neolithic times. Copper was the hardest of... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Long intergenic Non-coding RNA (LincRNA) is defined as RNA transcripts that are longer than 200 nucleotides. These RNAs must not have open reading frames that encode proteins. The term “intergenic” refers to the identification of these transcripts from regions of the genome that do not contain protein-encoding genes. ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
According to some scholars, lost-wax casting was used in China already during the Spring and Autumn period (770 – 476 BCE), although this is often disputed.
The lost-wax method is used in most parts of the world. As the name suggests, the lost-wax method is to use wax as a mold, and heat it to melt the wax mold and los... | 0 | Metallurgy |
When in biotic conditions, anaerobic corrosion can be facilitated by the metabolic activity of microorganisms in the surrounding environment. This process is known as microbiologically-influenced corrosion or bacterial anaerobic corrosion. Most notably, the production of dissolved sulfides by sulfate-reducing bacteria ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Enzyme induction is a process in which a molecule (e.g. a drug) induces (i.e. initiates or enhances) the expression of an enzyme.
Enzyme inhibition can refer to
* the inhibition of the expression of the enzyme by another molecule
* interference at the enzyme-level, basically with how the enzyme works. This can be comp... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Expression systems using either S. cerevisiae or Pichia pastoris allow stable and lasting production of proteins that are processed similarly to mammalian cells, at high yield, in chemically defined media of proteins. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In the case of antiques, a range of views are held on the value of patination and its replacement if damaged, known as repatination.
Preserving a piece's look and character is important and removal or reduction may dramatically reduce its value. If patination has flaked off, repatination may be recommended. Appraiser R... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Flakes and shatter cracks are internal fissures seen in large forgings. Hydrogen picked up during melting and casting segregates at internal voids and discontinuities and produces these defects during forging. Fish-eyes are bright patches named for their appearance seen on fracture surfaces, generally of weldments. Hyd... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Members of the MAPK family can be found in every eukaryotic organism examined so far. In particular, both classical and atypical MAP kinases can be traced back to the root of the radiation of major eukaryotic groups. Terrestrial plants contain four groups of classical MAPKs (MAPK-A, MAPK-B, MAPK-C and MAPK-D) that are ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The Institute had its genesis in 1893 with the formation in Adelaide of the Australasian Institute of Mining Engineers drawing its inspiration from the success of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, and some impetus from the Mine Managers Association of Broken Hill. Office-holders were equally from South Austra... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In addition to containing MREs, the 3′-UTR also often contains AU-rich elements (AREs), which are 50 to 150 bp in length and usually include many copies of the sequence AUUUA. ARE binding proteins (ARE-BPs) bind to AU-rich elements in a manner that is dependent upon tissue type, cell type, timing, cellular localization... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Flotation is used for the purification of potassium chloride from sodium chloride and clay minerals. The crushed mineral is suspended in brine in the presence of fatty ammonium salts. Because the ammonium head group and K have very similar ionic radii (ca. 0.135, 0.143 nm respectively), the ammonium centers exchange fo... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The transcription factor NF-κB regulates various genes that play essential roles in signaling, stress responses, cell growth and apoptosis. The temporal control of NF-κB activation by the degradation and synthesis of its inhibitor isoforms, I-κBα, -β, - ε has been computationally modeled. The model suggested that I-κBα... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Downregulation refers to the decrease in the number of receptor sites. This can be accomplished by metabolizing bound FSHR sites. The bound FSH-receptor complex is brought by lateral migration to a "coated pit," where such units are concentrated and then stabilized by a framework of clathrins. A pinched-off coated pi... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The word intron is derived from the terms intragenic region, and intracistron, that is, a segment of DNA that is located between two exons of a gene. The term intron refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene and the corresponding sequence in the unprocessed RNA transcript. As part of the RNA processing pathway, int... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Photoreceptor proteins typically consist of a protein attached to a non-protein chromophore (sometimes referred as photopigment, even so photopigment may also refer to the photoreceptor as a whole). The chromophore reacts to light via photoisomerization or photoreduction, thus initiating a change of the receptor protei... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Ligands of the sigma-2 receptor are exogenous and internalized by endocytosis, and can act as either agonists or antagonists. They can typically be classified into four groups, which are structurally related. It is not entirely understood how binding to the sigma-2 receptor occurs. Proposed models commonly include one ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
For many ores (e.g. those of Cu, Mo, W, Ni), the collectors are anionic sulfur ligands. Particularly popular for sulfide minerals are xanthate salts, including potassium amyl xanthate (PAX), potassium isobutyl xanthate (PIBX), potassium ethyl xanthate (KEX), sodium isobutyl xanthate (SIBX), sodium isopropyl xanthate (S... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Anodizing is an electrolytic passivation process used to increase the thickness of the natural oxide layer on the surface of metal parts.
The process is called anodizing because the part to be treated forms the anode electrode of an electrolytic cell. Anodizing increases resistance to corrosion and wear, and provides b... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Metal recovery is the final step in a hydrometallurgical process, in which metals suitable for sale as raw materials are produced. Sometimes, however, further refining is needed to produce ultra-high purity metals. The main types of metal recovery processes are electrolysis, gaseous reduction, and precipitation. For e... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Galvanized steel can last for many decades if other supplementary measures are maintained, such as paint coatings and additional sacrificial anodes. Corrosion in non-salty environments is caused mainly by levels of sulfur dioxide in the air. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Flocculation is used in biotechnology applications in conjunction with microfiltration to improve the efficiency of biological feeds. The addition of synthetic flocculants to the bioreactor can increase the average particle size making microfiltration more efficient. When flocculants are not added, cakes form and accum... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In genetics, an expressed sequence tag (EST) is a short sub-sequence of a cDNA sequence. ESTs may be used to identify gene transcripts, and were instrumental in gene discovery and in gene-sequence determination. The identification of ESTs has proceeded rapidly, with approximately 74.2 million ESTs now available in publ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The development process is modeled as the development of gene expression states. The gene expression pattern at time is defined as the initial expression state. The interactions among genes change the expression states during the development process. This process is modeled by the following differential equations
... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Activation of PKC-θ by diacylglycerol may cause insulin resistance in muscle by decreasing IRS1-associated PI3K activity. Similarly, activation of PKCε by diacyglycerol may cause insulin resistance in the liver. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Neurons from several brain regions, such as the neocortex, substantia nigra, and hippocampus have been found to contain autapses.
Autapses have been observed to be relatively more abundant in GABAergic basket and dendrite-targeting cells of the cat visual cortex compared to spiny stellate, double bouquet, and pyramidal... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Sociedad Española de Construcciones Electromecánicas (abbreviated as SECEM), colloquially known as "electro", was a Spanish company in the non-ferrous metals industry that operated between 1917 and 1978. Throughout its existence it was one of the most important Spanish companies in the copper sector, having its main ac... | 0 | Metallurgy |
As part of the Synthetic Yeast 2.0 project, various research groups around the world have participated in a project to synthesise synthetic yeast genomes, and through this process, optimise the genome of the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Yeast 2.0 project applied various DNA assembly methods that have be... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The tripartite motif is always present at the N-terminus of the TRIM proteins. The TRIM motif includes the following three domains:
* (1) a RING finger domain
* (2) one or two B-box zinc finger domains
** when only one B-box is present, it is always a type-2 B-box
** when two B-boxes are present the type-1 B-Box always... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Ler positively regulates the LEE genes by competition with its homolog, H-NS. H-NS silences LEE genes via rigid filament structures bound to the DNA that Ler disrupts and replaces through unknown mechanisms. Though little is known of the mechanism of Ler regulation, Ler interacts with DNA in specific ways. Ler binds DN... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Chemotaxis receptors are expressed in the surface membrane with diverse dynamics, some of them have long-term characteristics as they are determined genetically, others have short-term moiety as their assembly is induced ad hoc in the presence of the ligand. The diverse feature of the chemotaxis receptors and ligands p... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The light chain gene has three gene segments. These include: the light chain variable region (V), joining region (J), and constant region (C) gene segments. The variable region of light is therefore encoded by the rearrangement of VJ segments. The light chain can be either kappa,κ or lambda,λ. This process takes place... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In December 2021, the FDA came up with a draft guidance for the use of ASO drug products. This draft guidance was directed towards sponsor-investigators who are developing individualized investigational antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) drug products for severely debilitating or life threatening diseases. Severely debil... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
While yeasts have only a single CaM gene, plants and vertebrates contain an evolutionarily conserved form of CaM genes. The difference between plants and animals in Ca signaling is that the plants contain an extended family of the CaM in addition to the evolutionarily conserved form. Calmodulins play an essential role ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Inositol trisphosphate or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate abbreviated InsP or Ins3P or IP is an inositol phosphate signaling molecule. It is made by hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP), a phospholipid that is located in the plasma membrane, by phospholipase C (PLC).
Together with diacylglycerol (DAG)... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Rgg-like transcriptional regulators can be found in a variety of gram-positive bacteria Where ropB regulates speB protease production in S. pyogenes, a roughly equivalent secretory control mechanism can be seen in Rggs regulation of gtfG glucosyltransferase production in S. gordonii, in the manner in which gadR regulat... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The Imd pathway bears a number of similarities to mammalian TNFR signalling, though many of the intracellular regulatory proteins of Imd signalling also bear homology to different signalling cascades of human Toll-like receptors. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Take samples from the chamber and let them dry in the room air. An initial assessment is made before any corrosion products are removed. When the tested parts are cleaned, the evaluation criteria must be taken into account.
Possible characteristics for evaluation: appearance after the test, appearance after removal of ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Fulmer was a pioneer of Contract R&D in the UK. During its forty five years it provided technical solutions and research results as well as testing and consultancy for hundreds of companies and national and international agencies across the whole field of materials technology and related areas of physics and chemistry.... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule-1 (Caecam1) is an immunoglobulin-like co-receptor that aids in cell adhesion in epithelial, endothelial and hematopoietic cells, and plays a vital role during vascularization and angiogenesis by binding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
Angiogenesis is important ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Mill scale is sought after by select abstract expressionist artists as its effect on steel can cause unpredicted and seemingly random abstract organic visual effects. Although the majority of mill scale is removed from steel during its passage through scale breaker rolls during manufacturing, smaller structurally inco... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Fitness in this model is the probability that an individual survives to reproduce. In the simplest implementation of the model, developmentally stable genotypes survive (i.e. their fitness is ) and developmentally unstable ones do not (i.e. their fitness is ). | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
One of the most important features of chemical synapses is that they are the site of action for the majority of psychoactive drugs. Synapses are affected by drugs, such as curare, strychnine, cocaine, morphine, alcohol, LSD, and countless others. These drugs have different effects on synaptic function, and often are r... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Five basic modes of alternative splicing are generally recognized.
* Exon skipping or cassette exon: in this case, an exon may be spliced out of the primary transcript or retained. This is the most common mode in mammalian pre-mRNAs.
* Mutually exclusive exons: One of two exons is retained in mRNAs after splicing, but ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Smelting involves thermal reactions in which at least one product is a molten phase.
Metal oxides can then be smelted by heating with coke or charcoal (forms of carbon), a reducing agent that liberates the oxygen as carbon dioxide leaving a refined mineral. Concern about the production of carbon dioxide is only a rece... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Subgrain rotation recrystallization is a type of continuous dynamic recrystallization. Continuous dynamic recrystallization involves the evolution of low-angle grains into high-angle grains, increasing their degree of misorientation. One mechanism could be the migration and agglomeration of like-sign dislocations in th... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Non-metallic inclusions, the presence of which defines purity of steel, are classified by chemical and mineralogical content, by stability and by origin. By chemical content non-metallic inclusions are divided into the following groups:
#sulfides (simple — FeS, MnS, AlS, CaS, MgS, ZrS and others; compound — FeS·FeO, Mn... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Electrometallurgy involves metallurgical processes that take place in some form of electrolytic cell. The most common types of electrometallurgical processes are electrowinning and electro-refining. Electrowinning is an electrolysis process used to recover metals in aqueous solution, usually as the result of an ore hav... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Artificial introduction of long dsRNAs or siRNAs has been adopted as a tool to inactivate gene expression, both in cultured cells and in living organisms. Structural and functional resolution of small RNAs as the effectors of RNA silencing has had a direct impact on experimental biology. For example, dsRNA may be synth... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
A majority of the adhesion GPCRs are orphan receptors and work is underway to de-orphanize many of these receptors. Adhesion GPCRs get their name from their N-terminal domains that have adhesion-like domains, such as EGF, and the belief that they interact cell to cell and cell to extra cellular matrix. While ligands f... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Survivin, also called baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 or BIRC5, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the BIRC5 gene.
Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family. The survivin protein functions to inhibit caspase activation, thereby leading to negative regulation of apop... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
LPA is the result of phospholipase A2 action on phosphatidic acid. The SN-1 position can contain either an ester bond or an ether bond, with ether LPA being found at elevated levels in certain cancers. LPA binds the high-affinity G-protein coupled receptors LPA1, LPA2, and LPA3 (also known as EDG2, EDG4, and EDG7, re... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
: ATP + HO ⟶ ADP + HPO + H
Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, acts as a free energy "currency" in all living organisms. In a spontaneous dephosphorylation reaction 30.5 kJ/mol is released, which is harnessed to drive cellular reactions. Overall, nonspontaneous reactions coupled to the dephosphorylation of ATP are spontane... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The Schikorr reaction can be viewed as two distinct processes:
* the anaerobic oxidation of two Fe(II) (Fe) into Fe(III) (Fe) by the protons of water. The reduction of two water protons is accompanied by the production of molecular hydrogen (H), and;
* the loss of two water molecules from the iron(II) and iron(III) hyd... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Photolysis is performed resulting in photoactivation of the TIVA tag in the target cell or cells. Specifically, uncaging of the TIVA tag is accomplished using a 405-nm laser while measuring FRET excited by 514 nm. During this process, the mRNA-capturing moiety is released and subsequently anneals to the poly(A) tail of... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In mineralogy, an inclusion is any material that is trapped inside a mineral during its formation. In gemology, an inclusion is a characteristic enclosed within a gemstone, or reaching its surface from the interior.
According to Hutton's law of inclusions, fragments included in a host rock are older than the host rock ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In the 1980s, the company began piping wastewater up to 14 miles to evaporation ponds on or near Ivanpah Dry Lake, east of Interstate 15 near Nevada. This pipeline repeatedly ruptured during cleaning operations to remove mineral deposits called scale. The scale is radioactive because of the presence of thorium and radi... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Persistent slip-bands (PSBs) are associated with strain localisation due to fatigue in metals and cracking on the same plane. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and three-dimensional discrete dislocation dynamics (DDD) simulation were used to reveal and understand dislocations type and arrangement/patterns to relat... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The enzyme N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) or glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase is responsible for the irreversible addition of a myristoyl group to N-terminal or internal glycine residues of proteins. This modification can occur co-translationally or post-translationally. In vertebrates, this modification is carri... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2, also known as CRTC2, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CRTC2 gene. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Effectene Reagent is used in conjunction with the enhancer and the DNA condensation buffer (Buffer EC) to achieve high transfection efficiency. In the first step of Effectene–DNA complex formation, the DNA is condensed by interaction with the enhancer in a defined-buffer system. Effectene Reagent is then added to the c... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Bacterial anaerobic corrosion is the bacterially-induced oxidation of metals. Corrosion of metals typically alters the metal to a form that is more stable. Thus, bacterial anaerobic corrosion typically occurs in conditions favorable to the corrosion of the underlying substrate. In humid, anoxic conditions the corrosion... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Difficulties have been encountered in the definition of the technological parameters that drive the process.
Two broad categories of generators, also known as power supplies, are in use on EDM machines commercially available: the group based on RC circuits and the group based on transistor-controlled pulses.
In both ca... | 0 | Metallurgy |
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of integral membrane proteins that respond to a variety of extracellular stimuli. Each GPCR binds to and is activated by a specific ligand stimulus that ranges in size from small molecule catecholamines, lipids, or neurotransmitters to large protein hormones. Whe... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Alzheimers disease involves the progressive degeneration of the brain, severely impacting mental faculties. Since the Ca hypothesis of Alzheimers was proposed in 1994, several studies have shown that disruptions in Ca signaling are the primary cause of Alzheimers disease. Familial Alzheimers disease has been strongly l... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Several hnRNPs interact with telomeres, which protect the ends of chromosomes from deterioration and are often associated with cell longevity. hnRNP D associates with the G-rich repeat region of the telomeres, possibly stabilizing the region from secondary structures which would inhibit telomere replication.
hnRNP has ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In geology, a deformation mechanism is a process occurring at a microscopic scale that is responsible for changes in a material's internal structure, shape and volume. The process involves planar discontinuity and/or displacement of atoms from their original position within a crystal lattice structure. These small chan... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Selective leaching can be used to produce powdered materials with extremely high surface area, such as Raney nickel and other heterogeneous catalysts. Selective leaching can be the pre-final stage of depletion gilding. | 0 | Metallurgy |
The model and its variants have a number of simplifying assumptions. Three of them are listing below.
#The organisms are modeled as gene regulatory networks. The models assume that gene expression is regulated exclusively at the transcriptional level;
#The product of a gene can regulate the expression of (be a regula... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
A conditional gene knockout allows gene deletion in a tissue in a tissue specific manner. This is required in place of a gene knockout if the null mutation would lead to embryonic death, or a specific tissue or cell type is of specific interest. This is done by introducing short sequences called loxP sites around the g... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
As found by Brooks, et al., while lactate is disposed of mainly through oxidation and only a minor fraction supports gluconeogenesis, lactate is the main gluconeogenic precursor during sustained exercise.
Brooks demonstrated in his earlier studies that little difference in lactate production rates were seen in trained ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Copper metallurgy in Africa encompasses the study of copper production across the continent and an understanding of how it influenced aspects of African archaeology. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Understanding of genetic regulatory circuits are key in the field of synthetic biology, where disparate genetic elements are combined to produce novel biological functions. These biological gene circuits can be used synthetically to act as physical models for studying regulatory function.
By engineering genetic regulat... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Hormones have the following effects on the body:
* stimulation or inhibition of growth
* wake-sleep cycle and other circadian rhythms
* mood swings
* induction or suppression of apoptosis (programmed cell death)
* activation or inhibition of the immune system
* regulation of metabolism
* preparation of the body for mat... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Ethylene binds to it specific transmembrane receptor present on the cell membrane of endoplasmic reticulum. There are different ethylene receptor isoforms. Five isoforms are known in Arabidopsis thaliana which are named ethylene response/receptor 1 (ETR1), ethylene response sensor 1 (ERS1), ETR2, ERS2, and ethylene ins... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Silicon carbide was the first commercially important semiconductor material. A crystal radio "carborundum" (synthetic silicon carbide) detector diode was patented by Henry Harrison Chase Dunwoody in 1906. It found much early use in shipboard receivers. | 0 | Metallurgy |
The Chalcolithic occupation at Norşuntepe can be divided in 3 phases. The oldest Phase I dates to the Middle Chalcolithic and included Ubaid-type pottery. Phase II represents the Late Chalcolithic and during its final levels, more complex architecture appeared in the excavated area. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Around 1750, colonial raw materials poured into the British Isles, and factories began to appear. The earlier hardware with its chiseled and filed details fast gave way to less expensive, but equally functional hardware of similar but unadorned design. H and HL hinges are a good example of this transition.
After the Am... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Characterization of the RRNPP family of quorum sensing regulators (which stands for proteins Rap, NprR, PrgX, PlcRd) were used in comparisons with ropB to postulate its structural functions. The Rap protein derived from Bacilli regulates sporulation, the NprR protein in Bacillus thuringiensis regulates necrotrophism, t... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
An on-line method of measuring hydrogen in aluminum is then required to characterize and optimize the process, which helps ensure the quality of outgoing products and monitors the performance of these degassing processes. Traditional laboratory methods, such as hot extraction, are too expensive for routine quality assu... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Grain boundary sliding is a plastic deformation mechanism where crystals can slide past each other without friction and without creating significant voids as a result of diffusion. The deformation process associated with this mechanism is referred to as granular flow. The absence of voids results from solid-state diffu... | 0 | Metallurgy |
A transcription unit is a set of one or more genes transcribed from a single promoter. A TU may also include regulatory protein binding sites affecting this promoter and a terminator. A complex operon with several promoters contains, therefore, several transcription units. A transcription unit must include all the gene... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Purely decorative work is rare among Minoan bronzes, and is comparatively poor in quality. There are several statuettes, very completely modelled but roughly cast; they are solid and unchased, with blurred details. Well known are a figure of a praying or dancing woman from the Troad, now at Berlin, and another from Hag... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Alloys that are not bronze and brass have had a limited representation in the literature for archaeometallurgy. This is mostly due to lack of interest or evidence in the archaeological record. Arsenical copper is one such limited research topic with some experimental work done by Pollard, Thomas, and Williams. Through... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The laser peening process using computer control is described in AMS 2546. Like many other surface enhancement technologies, direct measuring of the results of the process on the workpiece during processing is not practical. Therefore, the process parameters of pulse energy and duration, water and opaque overlays are c... | 0 | Metallurgy |
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