text stringlengths 105 13.7k | label int64 0 1 | label_text stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|
In biochemical engineering, sparging can remove low-boiling liquids from a solution. The low-boiling components evaporate more rapidly, so the gas bubbles remove more of them from the bulk solution containing higher-boiling components. It is an alternative to distillation, and it does not require heat. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Most MAPKs have a number of shared characteristics, such as the activation dependent on two phosphorylation events, a three-tiered pathway architecture and similar substrate recognition sites. These are the "classical" MAP kinases. But there are also some ancient outliers from the group as sketched above, that do not ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The expression of VMAT1 in healthy endocrine cells was compared to VMAT1 expression in infants with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia and adults with pancreatic endocrine tumors. Through immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH), they found VMAT1 and VMAT2 were located in mutually exclusive cell types, an... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
β-Catenin is a proto-oncogene. Mutations of this gene are commonly found in a variety of cancers: in primary hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, ovarian carcinoma, breast cancer, lung cancer and glioblastoma. It has been estimated that approximately 10% of all tissue samples sequenced from all cancers display ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Observations of an extracellularly secreted glucosyltransferase (gtfG) sequentially proximal to and activated by an rgg gene with inverted repeats in the intergenic region of Streptococcus gordonii served as a basis for studying its homology between Streptococcus pyogenes. It was discovered that S. pyogenes also shared... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, C/EBPγ and C/EBPδ genes are without introns. C/EBPζ has four exons; C/EBPε has two, which lead to four isoforms due to an alternative use of promoters and splicing. For C/EBPα and C/EBPβ, different sizes of polypeptides can be produced by alternative use of initiation codons. This is thought to be d... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Hormonal imprinting (HI) is a phenomenon which takes place at the first encounter between a hormone and its developing receptor in the critical periods of life (in unicellulars during the whole life) and determines the later signal transduction capacity of the cell. The most important period in mammals is the perinata... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals, generally pig iron, but also others such as lead or copper. Blast refers to the combustion air being supplied above atmospheric pressure.
In a blast furnace, fuel (coke), ores, and flux (limestone) are continuously suppl... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The rank product is a biologically motivated rank test for the detection of differentially expressed genes in replicated microarray experiments.
It is a simple non-parametric statistical method based on ranks of fold changes. In addition to its use in expression profiling, it can be used to combine ranked lists in vari... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
An example of an autocrine agent is the cytokine interleukin-1 in monocytes. When interleukin-1 is produced in response to external stimuli, it can bind to cell-surface receptors on the same cell that produced it.
Another example occurs in activated T cell lymphocytes, i.e., when a T cell is induced to mature by bindin... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Paired receptors are membrane proteins with extracellular domains that interact with extracellular ligands. The extracellular region may contain multiple repeating protein domains and may be members of either the immunoglobulin or C-type lectin families. The extracellular domains of homologous paired receptors are typi... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Many co-receptor-related disorders occur due to mutations in the receptor's coding gene. LRP5 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5) acts as a co-receptor for the Wnt-family of glycoproteins which regulate bone mass. Malfunctions in this co-receptor lead to lower bone density and strength which contribute... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
ASTM G85 is the most popular global test standard covering modified salt spray tests. There are five such tests altogether, referred to in ASTM G85 as annexes A1 through to A5. Many of these modified tests originally arose within particular industry sector, in order to address the need for a corrosion test capable of r... | 0 | Metallurgy |
pRb is a multifunctional protein with many binding and phosphorylation sites. Although its common function is seen as binding and repressing E2F targets, pRb is likely a multifunctional protein as it binds to at least 100 other proteins.
pRb has three major structural components: a carboxy-terminus, a "pocket" subunit,... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
One of the most well discussed, and detrimental, embrittlement is hydrogen embrittlement in metals. There are multiple ways that hydrogen atoms can diffuse into metals, including from environment or during processing (eg. electroplating). The exact mechanism that causes hydrogen embrittlement is still not determined, b... | 0 | Metallurgy |
From about the 14th century, water-power began to be applied to bloomeries, but fewer than ten such sites are suspected. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Calcineurin inhibitors are prescribed for adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as a single drug or in combination with methotrexate. The microemulsion formulation is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treatment of severely active RA. It is also prescribed for: psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis, acute ocular ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The first observations of an autoinducer-controlled phenotype in bacteria were reported in 1970, by Kenneth Nealson, Terry Platt, and J. Woodland Hastings, who observed what they described as a conditioning of the medium in which they had grown the bioluminescent marine bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri. These bacteria did... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In vertebrates, the majority of gene promoters contain a CpG island with numerous CpG sites. When many of a gene's promoter CpG sites are methylated the gene becomes silenced. Colorectal cancers typically have 3 to 6 driver mutations and 33 to 66 hitchhiker or passenger mutations. However, transcriptional silencing... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
There is much debate to whether transcription factories assemble because of the transcriptional demands of the genome or if they are stable structures that are conserved over time. Experimentally, it appears that they remain fixed over a short period of time; newly made mRNA were pulse labelled over 15 minutes and it s... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Panel edge staining is the by-product of the build-up of dirt and pollution. It is especially more noticeable on buildings using metallic façades in Asia, and regions close to the equator (such as Florida or South East Asia), as higher rates of air pollution, high levels of humidity and consistent rainfall encourage p... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Leaching is done in long pressure vessels which are cylindrical (horizontal or vertical) or of horizontal tube form known as autoclaves. A good example of the autoclave leach process can also be found in the metallurgy of zinc. It is best described by the following chemical reaction:
This reaction proceeds at temperatu... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Crosstalk can even be observed across membranes. Membrane interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and with neighboring cells can trigger a variety of responses within the cell. However, the topography and mechanical properties of the ECM also come to play an important role in powerful, complex crosstalk with t... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Oregrounds iron was a grade of iron that was regarded as the best grade available in 18th century England. The term was derived from the small Swedish city of Öregrund, the port from which the bar iron was shipped. It was produced using the Walloon process.
Oregrounds iron is the equivalent of the Swedish vallonjärn,... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The SECIS element is found in a wide variety of organisms from all three domains of life (including their viruses). | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The central solenoid and toroidal field superconducting magnets for the planned experimental ITER fusion reactor use niobium–tin as a superconductor. The central solenoid coil will produce a field of . The toroidal field coils will operate at a maximum field of 11.8 T. Estimated use is of NbSn strands and 250 metric t... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Norşuntepe was occupied from the Chalcolithic to the Iron Age. The excavators have recognized 40 different occupation levels ranging in date from the fifth millennium BC to ca. 600 BC. Its occupation levels overlap to a large degree with those excavated at nearby Arslantepe. | 0 | Metallurgy |
This chemogenetic technique can be used for remote manipulation of cells, in particular excitable cells like neurons, both in vitro and in vivo with the administration of specific ligands. Similar techniques in this field include thermogenetics and optogenetics, the control of neurons with temperature or light, respect... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Different processes and techniques have been developed around melt spinning which offer advantages to the industrial applications and product consistency. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Type E (chromel–constantan) has a high output (68 μV/°C), which makes it well suited to cryogenic use. Additionally, it is non-magnetic.
Wide range is −270 °C to +740 °C
and narrow range is −110 °C to +140 °C. | 0 | Metallurgy |
RNA interference has been used to silence genes associated with several cancers. In in vitro studies of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), siRNA was used to cleave the fusion protein, BCR-ABL, which prevents the drug Gleevec (imatinib) from binding to the cancer cells. Cleaving the fusion protein reduced the amount of... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Despite current understanding of 3′-UTRs, they are still relative mysteries. Since mRNAs usually contain several overlapping control elements, it is often difficult to specify the identity and function of each 3′-UTR element, let alone the regulatory factors that may bind at these sites. Additionally, each 3′-UTR conta... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
For an extreme example, in a tensile test a bar of steel is strained to just before the length at which it usually fractures. The load is released smoothly and the material relieves some of its strain by decreasing in length. The decrease in length is called the elastic recovery, and the result is a work-hardened steel... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).
Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In biology, scaffold proteins are crucial regulators of many key signalling pathways. Although scaffolds are not strictly defined in function, they are known to interact and/or bind with multiple members of a signalling pathway, tethering them into complexes. In such pathways, they regulate signal transduction and he... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Casting in bronze reached high perfection in England, where a number of monuments yet remain. William Torel, goldsmith and citizen of London, made a bronze effigy of Henry III, and later that of Queen Eleanor for their tombs in Westminster Abbey; the effigy of Edward III was probably the work of one of his pupils. No b... | 0 | Metallurgy |
* Cathodic arc deposition
* Electron beam physical vapor deposition (EBPVD)
* Ion plating
* Ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD)
* Magnetron sputtering
* Pulsed laser deposition
* Sputter deposition
* Vacuum deposition
* Vacuum evaporation, evaporation (deposition)
* Pulsed electron deposition (PED) | 0 | Metallurgy |
In 1941, Beadle and Tatum proposed on the basis of their study of mutants of the fungus Neurospora sitophila that genes control specific biochemical reactions. They suggested that the functioning of an organism depends on an integrated system of chemical reactions controlled in some manner by genes. They further note... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The lactate shuttle hypothesis describes the movement of lactate intracellularly (within a cell) and intercellularly (between cells). The hypothesis is based on the observation that lactate is formed and utilized continuously in diverse cells under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Further, lactate produced at si... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Aside from decorative dentistry which they wore in life and carried the grave with them, ranking datus were often buried with items of gold, either in the form of gold burial goods, or as specifically designed funerary art such as death masks.
Burial goods found in graves from early Philippine history includes various ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
According to EN 13523-0, a prepainted metal (or coil coated metal) is a ‘metal on which a coating material (e.g. paint, film…) has been applied by coil coating’. When applied onto the metallic substrate, the coating material (in liquid, in paste or powder form) forms a film possessing protective, decorative and/or othe... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Because of the specificity of toll-like receptors (and other innate immune receptors) they cannot easily be changed in the course of evolution, these receptors recognize molecules that are constantly associated with threats (i.e., pathogen or cell stress) and are highly specific to these threats (i.e., cannot be mistak... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
* Calmodulin 1 ()
* Calmodulin 2 ()
* Calmodulin 3 ()
* calmodulin 1 pseudogene 1 ()
* Calmodulin-like 3 ()
* Calmodulin-like 4 ()
* Calmodulin-like 5 ()
* Calmodulin-like 6 () | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In 1856, Robert Forester Mushet "used manganese to improve the ability of steel produced by the Bessemer process to withstand rolling and forging at elevated temperatures."
In 1860, Henry Bessemer invented the use of ferromanganese as a method of introducing manganese in controlled proportions during the production of ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Signaling action in neurons by sigma-2 receptors and their associated ligands results in modulation of action potential firing by regulation of calcium and potassium channels. They also are involved in synaptic vesicular release and modulation of dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate, with activation and increase of the d... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Pol I is a 590 kDa enzyme that consists of 14 protein subunits (polypeptides), and its crystal structure in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was solved at 2.8Å resolution in 2013. Twelve of its subunits have identical or related counterparts in RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and RNA polymerase III (Pol III). The other t... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
While this emerging field of drug delivery shows excellent promise in targeting specific cells and locations within the body, understanding current challenges and drawbacks can allow researchers to optimize design, development, and delivery to improve the overall outcome of their medical treatment. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The hardenability of a ferrous alloy is measured by a Jominy test: a round metal bar of standard size (indicated in the top image) is transformed to 100% austenite through heat treatment, and is then quenched on one end with room-temperature water. The cooling rate will be highest at the end being quenched, and will d... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).
Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
FAIRE-extracted DNA fragments can be analyzed in a high-throughput way using next-generation sequencing techniques. In general, libraries are made by ligating specific adapters to the DNA fragments that allow them to cluster on a platform and be amplified resulting in the DNA sequences being read/determined, and this i... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The Pederson process is a process of refining aluminum that first separates iron by reducing it to metal, and reacting alumina with lime to produce calcium aluminate, which is then leached with sodium hydroxide. It is more environmentally friendly than the more well-known Bayer process. This is because instead of produ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Many of the noble metals can act as catalysts. For example, platinum is used in catalytic converters, devices which convert toxic gases produced in car engines, such as the oxides of nitrogen, into non-polluting substances.
Gold has many industrial applications; it is used as a catalyst in hydrogenation and the water g... | 0 | Metallurgy |
*CTSD can degrade insulin in hepatocytes
*CSTB May protect cell from leaking lysosomes
*LAMP1
*LAMP2
*M6PR | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Marion McQuillan (30 October 1921 – 24 June 1998) was a British metallurgist who specialised in the engineering uses for titanium and its alloys. She researched jet engine metals and was on the first team to research titanium for the Royal Aircraft Establishment Farnborough (RAE). | 0 | Metallurgy |
This process was the main process used in Britain from the mid-19th century until 1951. The process was very inefficient as it was designed as a small scale batch operation. Each retort only produced so companies would put them together in banks and used one large gas burner to heat all of them. The Belgian process re... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The Hoopes process is a metallurgical process, used to obtain aluminium metal of very high purity (about 99.99% pure). The process was patented by William Hoopes, a chemist of the Aluminum Company of America (ALCOA), in 1925. | 0 | Metallurgy |
In metallurgy, recovery is a process by which a metal or alloys deformed grains can reduce their stored energy by the removal or rearrangement of defects in their crystal structure. These defects, primarily dislocations, are introduced by plastic deformation of the material and act to increase the yield strength of a m... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Transcriptional initiation, termination and regulation are mediated by “DNA looping” which brings together promoters, enhancers, transcription factors and RNA processing factors to accurately regulate gene expression. Chromosome conformation capture (3C) and more recently Hi-C techniques provided evidence that active c... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Initiation factor IF3 is a small protein of 21 kDa containing two compact α/β domains (IF3C and IF3N) connected by a flexible lysine-rich linker. Most IF3 functions are mediated by the IF3C domain, while IF3N regulates 30S subunit binding. Bacterial initiation factor 3 (infC) is not universally found in all bacterial s... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
A study demonstrates how the autocrine production of the IL-7 cytokine mediated by T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) can be involved in the oncogenic development of T-ALL and offer novel insights into T-ALL spreading. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Intermetallic particles often form during solidification of metallic alloys, and can be used as a dispersion strengthening mechanism. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Receptor-linked tyrosine kinases, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), are activated by extracellular ligands, such as the epidermal growth factor (EGF). Binding of EGF to the EGFR activates the tyrosine kinase activity of the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor. The EGFR becomes phosphorylated on tyrosi... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In a two-dimensional isotropic material the grain boundary tension would be the same for the grains. This would give angle of 120° at GB junction where three grains meet. This would give the structure a hexagonal pattern which is the metastable state (or mechanical equilibrium) of the 2D specimen. A consequence of this... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Queen's Metal, an alloy of nine parts tin and one each of antimony, lead, and bismuth, is intermediate in hardness between pewter and britannia metal. It was developed by English pewtersmiths in the 16th century; the recipe was initially a secret and was reserved for pieces made for the English royal family. | 0 | Metallurgy |
While traditional nucleic acid synthesis only uses 4 base pairs - adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine, oligonucleotide synthesis in the future could incorporate the use of unnatural base pairs, which are artificially designed and synthesized nucleobases that do not occur in nature.
In 2012, a group of American scien... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Bacterial anaerobic corrosion typically impacts metallic substrates but may also occur in concrete. Corrosion of concrete mediums leads to considerable losses in industrial settings. When considering the corrosion of concrete there is significant documentation of structural degradation in concrete wastewater infrastruc... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Tools and weapons, chisels and axe-heads, spearheads or dagger-blades, are the only surviving artifacts of the Copper Age, and do not show artistic treatment. But some Early Minoan pottery forms are plainly copied from metal prototypes, cups and jugs of simple construction and rather elaborate design. The cups are coni... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In vertebrates, the region of the mRNA that codes for the signal peptide (i.e. the signal sequence coding region, or SSCR) can function as an RNA element with specific activities. SSCRs promote nuclear mRNA export and the proper localization to the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition SSCRs have specific s... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In 1985, MIM commissioned Jameson to undertake a project to improve the sparger design for flotation columns. Instead, he developed the concept of using a jet in a downcomer to create the bubbles and eliminate the need for a sparger in conventional flotation columns.
The concept of the Cell followed when further invest... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The 600 or so subscribing members formed Industry Committees representing each of the main metal interests which discussed and agreed the topics for technical work to be done and a Council that controlled overall finances. Initially there was an annual government grant towards the work but this was changed to support ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2, also known as Grb2, is an adaptor protein involved in signal transduction/cell communication. In humans, the GRB2 protein is encoded by the GRB2 gene.
The protein encoded by this gene binds receptors such as the epidermal growth factor receptor and contains one SH2 domain and tw... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
*Spark plug
*Water cooled barrel
*Nitrogen inlet valve
*Fuel inlet valve
*Oxygen inlet valve
*Powder feedstock inlet valve | 0 | Metallurgy |
Retinal is bound to opsins, which are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Opsins, like other GPCRs, have seven transmembrane alpha-helices connected by six loops. They are found in the photoreceptor cells in the retina of eye. The opsin in the vertebrate rod cells is rhodopsin. The rods form disks, which contain the r... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Electrolyte: The electrolyte is a molten bath of cryolite (NaAlF) and dissolved alumina. Cryolite is a good solvent for alumina with low melting point, satisfactory viscosity, and low vapour pressure. Its density is also lower than that of liquid aluminium (2 vs 2.3 g/cm), which allows natural separation of the product... | 0 | Metallurgy |
As discussed by Jin and Roberston in their review, silencing of a DNA repair gene by hypermethylation may be a very early step in progression to cancer. Such silencing is proposed to act similarly to a germ-line mutation in a DNA repair gene, and predisposes the cell and its descendants to progression to cancer. Anot... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
*Bayley, J. (1990) "The Production of Brass in Antiquity with Particular Reference to Roman Britain" in Craddock, P.T. (ed.) 2000 Years of Zinc and Brass London: British Museum
*Craddock, P.T. and Eckstein, K (2003) "Production of Brass in Antiquity by Direct Reduction" in Craddock, P.T. and Lang, J. (eds) Mining and M... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In most cases Type 1 pitting can be avoided by good working practices. Always use tubes that have been manufactured to BS EN 1057. Tubes greater than 10 mm in diameter made to this standard will always be marked the number of the standard, the nominal size, wall thickness and temper of the tube, the manufacturer’s iden... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Internal corrosion is occasioned by the combined effects and severity of four modes of material deterioration, namely: general corrosion, pitting corrosion, microbial corrosion, and fluid corrosivity. The same principals of external corrosion control can be applied to internal corrosion but due to accessibility, the ap... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The severity of injuries to the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract is commonly rated using the Zargar criteria. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Interferome is managed by a team at Monash University :Monash Institute of Medical Research and the University of Cambridge | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
REST/NRSF in conjunction with RE1/NRSE also acts outside the nervous system as regulators and repressors. Current research has linked RE1/NRSE activity with the regulation of the expression of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) gene. An NRSE regulatory region is present in the 3’ untranslated region of the ANP gene ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The role of PA in the cell can be divided into three categories:
* PA is the precursor for the biosynthesis of many other lipids.
* The physical properties of PA influence membrane curvature.
* PA acts as a signaling lipid, recruiting cytosolic proteins to appropriate membranes (e.g., sphingosine kinase 1).
* PA plays ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Amongst members of the ETS family, there is extensive conservation in the DNA-binding ETS domain and, therefore, a lot of redundancy in DNA binding. It is thought that interactions with other proteins (eg: Modulator of the activity of Ets called Mae) is one way in which specific binding to DNA is achieved. Transcriptio... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
CTCF binds to itself to form homodimers. CTCF has also been shown to interact with Y box binding protein 1. CTCF also co-localizes with cohesin, which extrudes chromatin loops by actively translocating one or two DNA strands through its ring-shaped structure, until it meets CTCF in a proper orientation. CTCF is also kn... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Another example of a demethylase is protein-glutamate methylesterase, also known as CheB protein (EC 3.1.1.61), which demethylates MCPs (methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins) through hydrolysis of carboxylic ester bonds. The association of a chemotaxis receptor with an agonist leads to the phosphorylation of CheB. Pho... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
*Bayley, J. 1995. Precious Metal Refining, in Historical Metallurgy Society Datasheets: https://web.archive.org/web/20160418021923/http://hist-met.org/hmsdatasheet02.pdf (accessed January 13, 2010)
*Bayley, J. 2008 Medieval precious metal refining: archaeology and contemporary texts compared, in Martinón-Torres, M and ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Thomas and George Cranege (also spelled Cranage), who worked in the ironworking industry in England in the 1760s, are notable for introducing a new method of producing wrought iron from pig iron. | 0 | Metallurgy |
The increased complexity of the phosphorelay system compared to orthodox two-component signaling provides additional opportunities for regulation and improves the specificity of the response. Although there is very little cross-talk between orthodox two-component systems, phosphorelays allow more complex signaling path... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The gonadotropin receptors are a group of receptors that bind a group of pituitary hormones called gonadotropins. They include the:
* Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) - binds follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
* Luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) - binds luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotr... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The atomization of molten materials produces a large amount of dust and fumes made up of very fine particles (ca. 80–95% of the particles by number <100 nm). Proper extraction facilities are vital not only for personal safety, but to minimize entrapment of re-frozen particles in the sprayed coatings. The use of respira... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The preinitiation complex, which contains a mediator, transcription factors, a nucleosome and RNA polymerase II, is important to position the polymerase for the start of transcription. Before RNA synthesis can occur, the polymerase must dissociate from mediator. This appears to be accomplished by phosphorylation of par... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
B. subtilis is a soil-dwelling microbe that uses quorum sensing to regulate two different biological processes: competence and sporulation. During stationary growth phase when B. subtilis are at high cell density, approximately 10% of the cells in a population are induced to become competent. It is believed that this... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Mars Guy Fontana graduated with a Bachelor of Science followed by a Master of Science and then awarded a Doctor of Philosophy in the field of metallurgical engineering from the University of Michigan. He was known as a researcher/engineer who added to the field of knowledge in the fairly specialized area of corrosion a... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The measure of the promoter activity has a broad meaning. The promoter activity could be measured for different situations or research questions, such as:
* estimation of the level of expression in comparison (relative) to some known value
* how fast a gene is expressed after induction
* the timing of expression rela... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Swamy and Jurjees (1986) have pointed out the limitations of sulfur concrete. They questioned the stability and the long-term durability of sulfur concrete beams with steel reinforcement, especially for sulfur concrete modified with dicyclopentadiene and dipentene. Even when dry, modified concrete beams show strength l... | 0 | Metallurgy |
T4 bacteriophage uses anti-sigma factor to ruin the Escherichia coli polymerase in order that direct exclusive transcription of its own genes.
AsiA is an anti-sigma factor gene that is required for bacteriophage T4 to be developed). Which means that AsiA is an essential anti-sigma factor in bacteriophage. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Methylations are epigenetic modification that, in eukaryotes, regulates processes as cell differentiation, and embryogenesis, while in prokaryotes can have a role in self recognition, protecting the DNA from being cleaved by the restriction endonuclease system, or for gene regulation. The first function is controlled b... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
A bar of brass (70% Cu, 30% Zn) was used as a core, with molybdenum wires stretched along its length, and then coated in a layer of pure copper. Molybdenum was chosen as the marker material due to it being very insoluble in brass, eliminating any error due to the markers diffusing themselves. Diffusion was allowed to t... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Eyeglass frames made from titanium-containing SMAs are marketed under the trademarks Flexon and TITANflex. These frames are usually made out of shape-memory alloys that have their transition temperature set below the expected room temperature. This allows the frames to undergo large deformation under stress, yet regain... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Due to the proximity of the Westinghouse site and other former manufacturing sites to the Watsessing Station, the Township of Bloomfield worked on the plan for transit-oriented development in that area. The Westinghouse site, although a brownfield site with ongoing remediation at the time, was re-zoned into Commuter Or... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.