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Some mutations that lead to this disorder are:
# a Cytosine (C) to Guanine (G) substitution which converts a tyrosine to stop codon
# a 39 base pair deletion
# a 2 base pair deletion which creates an early stop codon
Endoglin levels have been found to be elevated in pregnant women who subsequently develop preeclampsia. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
An anodized oxide layer has a thickness in the range of to several micrometers. Standards for titanium anodizing are given by AMS 2487 and AMS 2488.
AMS 2488 Type III anodizing of titanium generates an array of different colours without dyes, for which it is sometimes used in art, costume jewellery, body piercing jewe... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Transcriptome instability is a genome-wide, pre-mRNA splicing-related characteristic of certain cancers. In general, pre-mRNA splicing is dysregulated in a high proportion of cancerous cells. For certain types of cancer, like in colorectal and prostate, the number of splicing errors per cancer has been shown to vary g... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Oxidised copper ores include carbonates such as azurite and malachite, the silicate chrysocolla, and sulfates such as atacamite. In some cases, sulfide ores are allowed to degrade to oxides. Such ores are amenable to hydrometallurgy. Specifically, such oxide ores are usually extracted into aqueous sulfuric acid, usuall... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The 17-bp transcriptional complex has an 8-bp DNA-RNA hybrid, that is, 8 base-pairs involve the RNA transcript bound to the DNA template strand. As transcription progresses, ribonucleotides are added to the 3′ end of the RNA transcript and the RNAP complex moves along the DNA. The characteristic elongation rates in pro... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
FAIRE uses the biochemical properties of protein-bound DNA to separate nucleosome-depleted regions in the genome. Cells will be subjected to cross-linking, ensuring that the interaction between the nucleosomes and DNA are fixed. After sonication, the fragmented and fixed DNA is separated using a phenol-chloroform extra... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
* Amit Chatterjee, Sponge Iron Production By Direct Reduction Of Iron Oxide, PHI Learning Private Limited, 2010, 353 p. (, [https://books.google.fr/books?id=IcT6-tg1uz4C&printsec=frontcover read online] [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.fr%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIcT6-tg1uz4C%26printsec%3Dfrontc... | 0 | Metallurgy |
This style is traditional to suburbs of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, including Chester, Bucks, and Montgomery Counties. The amount of the required offset is divided evenly between the hinge and the pintle. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Global steel production grew enormously in the 20th century from a mere 28 million tonnes at the beginning of the century to 781 million tons at the end. Per-capita steel consumption in the US peaked in 1977, then fell by half before staging a modest recovery to levels well below the peak. | 0 | Metallurgy |
CTCF insulators affect the expression of genes implicated in cell cycle regulation processes that are important for cell growth, cell differentiation, and programmed cell death (apoptosis). Two of these cell cycle regulation genes that are known to interact with CTCF are hTERT and C-MYC. In these cases, a loss of funct... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
ADAM17 is understood to be involved in the processing of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) at the surface of the cell, and from within the intracellular membranes of the trans-Golgi network. This process, which is also known as shedding, involves the cleavage and release of a soluble ectodomain from membrane-bound pr... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Middle and Late Minoan and Mycenaean vessels are many. First in size are some basins found at Tylissos in Crete, the largest measuring 1.40 metres in diameter. They are shallow hemispherical bowls with two or three loop-handles riveted on their edges, and are made in several sections. The largest is composed of seven h... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Below 912 °C (1,674 °F), iron has a body-centered cubic (bcc) crystal structure and is known as α-iron or ferrite. It is thermodynamically stable and a fairly soft metal. α-Fe can be subjected to pressures up to ca. 15 GPa before transforming into a high-pressure form termed ε-Fe discussed below.
Magnetically, α-iron i... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Polyadenylation is the covalent linkage of a polyadenylyl moiety to a messenger RNA molecule. In eukaryotic organisms most messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules are polyadenylated at the 3' end, but recent studies have shown that short stretches of uridine (oligouridylation) are also common. The poly(A) tail and the protein b... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
According to Frankel (1998) who performed a review on pitting corrosion, it develops in three successive steps: (or nucleation) by breakdown of the passive film protecting the metal surface from oxidation, (2) growth of metastable pits (growing up to the micron scale and then repassivating), and (3) the growth of larg... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The process was invented in Hanau, Germany in 1917. Heraeus Vacuumschmelze and Dr. Wilhelm Rohn applied for a patent on vacuum melting on 12 January 1918 and were granted a German patent DE 345161.
Edwin Fitch Northrup built the first prototype of a vacuum induction furnace in the United States of America in 1920.
Medi... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Coil coating is the continuous and highly automated industrial process for efficiently coating metal coils. Because the metal is treated before it is cut and formed, the entire surface is cleaned and treated, providing tightly-bonded finishes. (Formed parts can have many holes, recessed areas, valleys, and hidden areas... | 0 | Metallurgy |
When Bacillus subtilis is not under stress conditions, it is negatively regulated by the anti-sigma factor, Rsbw. RsbW is an anti-sigma factor that regulates another anti-sigma factor, sigma B. RsbW binds to sigma B and prevents it from forming an RNA polymerase holoenzyme. However, in stressed conditions, the unphosph... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Cleveland Potash Limited extracts and refines sylvinite ore from a deposit in North Yorkshire, England. Its processing plant uses froth flotation to produce a product rich in potassium chloride ("KCl"). After a test work campaign in which it compared the performance of the Cell with mechanical flotation cells in vario... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Tissue fixation is performed by chemical fixation using formalin. This prevents the postmortem degeneration of the tissue and hardens soft tissue. The tissue is dehydrated using ethanol and the alcohol is cleared using an organic solvent such as xylene. The tissue is embedded in paraffin which infiltrates the microscop... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Lead and LBE coolant are more corrosive to steel than sodium, and this puts an upper limit on the velocity of coolant flow through the reactor due to safety considerations. Furthermore, the higher melting points of lead and LBE (327 °C and 123.5 °C respectively) may mean that solidification of the coolant may be a grea... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In August 1997, the plant was included in the list of enterprises of strategic importance for the economy and security of Ukraine.
In 1998, for the first time, the plant was certified as a manufacturer of steel and semi-finished products from it (slabs and open-hearth ingots from carbon and carbon-manganese steel grade... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Mining is among the first steps of producing metal and as such is one of the foci of experimental archaeometallurgy. However, experimental research on mining is mostly limited to firesetting and the reproduction and use of mining tools. | 0 | Metallurgy |
*PPID Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase D
*PPIE Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase E
*PPIF Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F
*PPIG Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase G
*PPIH Cyclophilin H
*CANX Calnexin. Folding of glycoproteins within endoplasmic reticulum
*CAPN1 Calpain subunit
*CAPN7
*CAPNS1 Calpain proteas... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Problems with mRNA stability have been identified in viral genomes, cancer cells, and various diseases. Research shows that many of these problems arise because of faulty ARE function. Some of these problems have been listed below:
* The c-fos gene produces a transcription factor that is activated in several cancers, a... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The Early Iron Age at Norşuntepe (1150–800 BC) is characterized by a shift away from Hittite material culture, possibly as a result of the influx of immigrants such as the Mushki. The settlement seems to have been restricted to the south terrace and may have had a rural character. During its final occupation phases (80... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Half-metallic ferromagnets exhibit a metallic behavior in one spin channel and an insulating behavior in the other spin channel. The first example of Heusler half-metallic ferromagnets was first investigated by de Groot et al., with the case of NiMnSb. Half-metallicity leads to the full polarization of the conducting e... | 0 | Metallurgy |
By sequence similarity, most sigma factors are σ-like (). They have four main regions (domains) that are generally conserved:
N-terminus --------------------- C-terminus
The regions are further subdivided. For example, region 2 includes 1.2 and 2.1 through 2.4.
Domain 1.1 is found only in "primary sigma factors" (RpoD... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The first potash application was in England in 1993, where Jameson Cells were used to treat potash slimes (see Potash flotation). It has subsequently been applied at Israel Chemicals Limited's Dead Sea Works and by an unnamed producer in the Saskatchewan province of Canada. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor also known as class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 32 or bHLHe32 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MITF gene.
MITF is a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor involved in lineage-specific pathway regulation of many types of cells including... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Antisense oligonucleotides were discovered in 1978 by Paul Zamecnik and Mary Stephenson. Oligonucleotides, which are short nucleic acid fragments, bind to complementary target mRNA molecules when added to the cell. These molecules can be composed of single-stranded DNA or RNA and are generally 13–25 nucleotides long. T... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) is a transcription factor that belongs to the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) family of proteins. The proteins of STAT family transmit signals from a receptor complex to the nucleus and activate gene expression. Similarly as other STAT f... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Senapathy proposed that the gene-expression regulatory sequences (promoter and poly-A addition site sequences) also could have originated from stop codons. A conserved sequence, AATAAA, exists in almost every gene a short distance downstream from the end of the protein-coding message and serves as a signal for the addi... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Prodynorphin, also known as proenkephalin B, is an opioid polypeptide hormone involved with chemical signal transduction and cell communication. The gene for prodynorphin is expressed in the endometrium and the striatum, and its gene map locus is 20pter-p12. Prodynorphin is a basic building-block of endorphins, the che... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In the year 1995, it was reported that the costs of corrosion nationwide in the USA were nearly $300 billion per year. This confirmed earlier reports of damage to the world economy caused by corrosion.
Zaki Ahmad, in his book Principles of corrosion engineering and corrosion control,
states that "Corrosion engineering ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
When it is time for a cell to enter S phase, complexes of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) and cyclins phosphorylate pRb, allowing E2F-DP to dissociate from pRb and become active. When E2F is free it activates factors like cyclins (e.g. cyclin E and cyclin A), which push the cell through the cell cycle by activating cycl... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The process of creating these luxuriously inlaid objects is somewhat complicated and has multiple stages. First, designs are formed on the surface of the metal (usually copper or brass) by relief, piercing, engraving, or chasing. Color is then added to the crevices of the surface by encrustation, overlay or, most commo... | 0 | Metallurgy |
All family members are capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of PIP, a phosphatidylinositol at the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane into the two second messengers, inositol trisphosphate (IP) and diacylglycerol (DAG).
The chemical reaction may be expressed as:
:1-phosphatidyl-1-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + HO -my... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The ores used in ancient smelting processes were rarely pure metal compounds. Impurities were removed from the ore through the process of slagging, which involves adding heat and chemicals. Slag is the material in which the impurities from ores (known as gangue), as well as furnace lining and charcoal ash, collect. The... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Rasaratna Samuccaya ( Devanagari: रसरत्न समुच्चय) is an Indian Sanskrit treatise on alchemy. The text is dated between 13th to 16th century CE.
The text contains detailed descriptions of various complex metallurgical processes, as well as descriptions of how to set up and equip a laboratory and other topics concerning ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
ASF/SF2, in the presence of elF4E, promotes the initiation of translation of ribosome-bound mRNA by suppressing the activity of 4E-BP and recruiting molecules for further regulation of translation. ASF/SF2 interacts with the nuclear export protein TAP in a regulated manner, controlling the export of mature mRNA from th... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Cast gold knucklebones, beads, and bracelets, found in graves at Bulgaria's Varna Necropolis, have been dated to approximately 6500 years BP. They are believed to be both some of the oldest known manufactured golden objects, and the oldest objects known to have been made using lost wax casting. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Ribosomal pause refers to the queueing or stacking of ribosomes during translation of the nucleotide sequence of mRNA transcripts. These transcripts are decoded and converted into an amino acid sequence during protein synthesis by ribosomes. Due to the pause sites of some mRNA's, there is a disturbance caused in transl... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Plasma spraying systems can be categorized by several criteria.
Plasma jet generation:
*direct current (DC plasma), where the energy is transferred to the plasma jet by a direct current, high-power electric arc
*induction plasma or RF plasma, where the energy is transferred by induction from a coil around the plasma je... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Uranium rhodium germanium (URhGe) is the first discovered metal that becomes superconducting in the presence of an extremely strong electromagnetic field. Very unlike other superconducting materials, whose superconducting properties can be lost due to strong magnetic fields, uranium rhodium germanium actually regains s... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Recrystallization is defined as the process in which grains of a crystal structure come in a new structure or new crystal shape.
A precise definition of recrystallization is difficult to state as the process is strongly related to several other processes, most notably recovery and grain growth. In some cases it is diff... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Eshelby was clear and amusing as a lecturer, and prepared his lectures with great care, but was not keen on doing experimental work. He was well versed in Sanskrit (among other classical languages) and was an avid second-hand book buyer.
Eshelby died on 10 December 1981. | 0 | Metallurgy |
An example of aluminum alloys where solid solution strengthening happens by adding magnesium and manganese into the aluminum matrix. Commercially Mn can be added to the AA3xxx series and Mg can be added to the AA5xxx series. Mn addition to the Aluminum alloys assists in the recrystallization and recovery of the alloy w... | 0 | Metallurgy |
PABPII, or polyadenine binding protein II, is a protein involved in the assembly of the polyadenine tail added to newly synthesized pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules during the process of gene transcription. It is a regulatory protein that controls the rate at which polyadenine polymerase (PAP) adds adenine nucleotide... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The Jameson Cell can be used for the reverse flotation of silica from iron ore, where flotation columns have traditionally been used. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Introns may be lost or gained over evolutionary time, as shown by many comparative studies of orthologous genes. Subsequent analyses have identified thousands of examples of intron loss and gain events, and it has been proposed that the emergence of eukaryotes, or the initial stages of eukaryotic evolution, involved an... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
This book is a description of the various types of veins that can be found. There are 30 illustrations of different forms of these veins, forming the majority of Book III. Agricola also describes a compass to determine the direction of veins and mentions that some writers claim that veins lying in certain directions a... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Many metals have several different crystal structures at the same composition, but most metals do not show this shape-memory effect. The special property that allows shape-memory alloys to revert to their original shape after heating is that their crystal transformation is fully reversible. In most crystal transformati... | 0 | Metallurgy |
A subgrain is a part of the grain that is only slightly disoriented from other parts of the grain. Current research is being done to see the effect of subgrain strengthening in materials. Depending on the processing of the material, subgrains can form within the grains of the material. For example, when Fe-based materi... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Firesetting is the process of exposing a rock face to high temperatures to induce cracking, spalling, and an overall increase to the brittleness of the rock in order to make it more susceptible to mining processes. Understanding the process of firesetting has been a crucial element to the development of an archaeologi... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Pelletizing is the process of compressing or molding a material into the shape of a pellet. A wide range of different materials are pelletized including chemicals, iron ore, animal compound feed, plastics, waste materials, and more. The process is considered an excellent option for the storage and transport of said mat... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The term "inclusion" is also used in the context of metallurgy and metals processing. During the melt stage of processing particles such as oxides can enter or form in the liquid metal which are subsequently trapped when the melt solidifies. The term is usually used negatively such as when the particle could act as a f... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In flash smelting, the concentrate is dispersed in an air or oxygen stream and the smelting reactions are largely completed while the mineral particles are still in flight. The reacted particles then settle in a bath at the bottom of the furnace, where they behave like calcine in a reverberatory furnace. A slag layer f... | 0 | Metallurgy |
After the DNA-gelatin mixture preparation, the mixture is pipetted onto a slide surface and the slide is placed in a covered petri dish. A desiccant is added to the dish to dry up the solution. Finally, cultured cells are poured into the dish for plasmid uptake. However, with the invention of different types of microar... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Rust can be avoided by controlling the moisture in the atmosphere. An example of this is the use of silica gel packets to control humidity in equipment shipped by sea. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Shrinkage after solidification can be dealt with by using an oversized pattern designed specifically for the alloy used. s, or s, are used to make the patterns oversized to compensate for this type of shrinkage. These rulers are up to 2.5% oversize, depending on the material being cast. These rulers are mainly referre... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Ferrosilicon is produced by reduction of silica or sand with coke in the presence of iron. Typical sources of iron are scrap iron or millscale. Ferrosilicons with silicon content up to about 15% are made in blast furnaces lined with acid fire bricks.
Ferrosilicons with higher silicon content are made in electric arc f... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Near the end of mitosis, p130 and p107 are dephosphorylated from their hyperphosphorylated state by the phosphatase PP2a. Inhibition of PP2a activity reduced promoter binding of some of the proteins of the DREAM complex in the subsequent G1 phase and de-repression of gene expression.
Other components have been shown to... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Different types of corrosion inhibitor exist. Among them, oxidizing species such as chromate () and nitrite () were the first used to re-establish the state of passivation in the protective oxide layer. In the specific case of steel, the cation being a relatively soluble species, it contributes to favor the dissolutio... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Frzb (pronounced like the toy frisbee) is a Wnt-binding protein especially important in embryonic development. It is a competitor for the cell-surface G-protein receptor Frizzled.
Frizzled is a tissue polarity gene in Drosophila melanogaster and encodes integral proteins that function as cell-surface receptors for Wnts... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The matte, which is produced in the smelter, contains 30–70% copper (depending on the process used and the operating philosophy of the smelter), primarily as copper sulfide, as well as iron sulfide. The sulfur is removed at a high temperature as sulfur dioxide by blowing air through molten matte:
:2 CuS + 3 O → 2 CuO +... | 0 | Metallurgy |
There are a number of problems that can be encountered during the casting process. The main types are: gas porosity, shrinkage defects, mold material defects, pouring metal defects, and metallurgical defects. | 0 | Metallurgy |
They were the first set of nonsense mutations to be discovered, isolated by Richard H. Epstein and Charles Steinberg and named after their friend and graduate Caltech student Harris Bernstein, whose last name means "amber" in German (cf. Bernstein).
Viruses with amber mutations are characterized by their ability to inf... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The minor spliceosome is a ribonucleoprotein complex that catalyses the removal (splicing) of an atypical class of spliceosomal introns (U12-type) from messenger RNAs in some clades of eukaryotes. This process is called noncanonical splicing, as opposed to U2-dependent canonical splicing. U12-type introns represent les... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Semi-solid metal (SSM) casting is a modified die casting process that reduces or eliminates the residual porosity present in most die castings. Rather than using liquid metal as the feed material, SSM casting uses a higher viscosity feed material that is partially solid and partially liquid. A modified die casting mach... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Static fatigue tests can estimate a material’s lifetime and hardness to different environments. However, measuring a static fatigue limit can take a long time, and it is hard to measure a material’s true static fatigue limit with full certainty. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Corrosion mapping by ultrasonics is a nonintrusive (noninvasive) technique which maps material thickness using ultrasonic techniques.
Variations in material thickness due to corrosion can be identified and graphically portrayed as an image.
The technique is widely used in the oil and gas industries for the in-service ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The first class of adenylyl cyclases occur in many bacteria including E. coli (as CyaA [unrelated to the Class II enzyme]). This was the first class of AC to be characterized. It was observed that E. coli deprived of glucose produce cAMP that serves as an internal signal to activate expression of genes for importing a... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Alvaro Alonso Barba was a secular Catholic priest and metallurgist born in Lepe in 1569.
Antonio (1786) says, "Baeticus ex oppido Lepe, apud Potosi"; hence Barba is assumed to be of Andalusian origin, from the ancient Roman province of Baetica.
He lived at Potosí during the period when its silver mines were most produ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
A study researching the role of splice site mutations in cancer supported that a splice site mutation was common in a set of women who were positive for breast and ovarian cancer. These women had the same mutation, according to the findings. An intronic single base-pair substitution destroys an acceptor site, thus acti... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
* Conversion coating
** Autophoretic, the registered trade name of a proprietary series of auto-depositing coatings specifically for ferrous metal substrates
** Anodising
** Chromate conversion coating
** Plasma electrolytic oxidation
** Phosphate (coating)
* Ion beam mixing
* Pickled and oiled, a type of plate steel c... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The administration of a nucleoside-modified messenger RNA sequence can cause a cell to make a protein, which in turn could directly treat a disease or could function as a vaccine; more indirectly the protein could drive an endogenous stem cell to differentiate in a desired way.
The primary challenges of RNA therapy cen... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
NRIP1 has been shown to interact with:
* AHR,
* CTBP1
* CTBP2,
* DAX1,
* HDAC5,
* NR1B1,
* NR2B1,
* NR3A1,
* NR3C1,
* NR5A1, and
* YWHAQ. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Paracrine signaling of growth factors between nearby cells has been shown to exacerbate carcinogenesis. In fact, mutant forms of a single RTK may play a causal role in very different types of cancer. The Kit proto-oncogene encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor whose ligand is a paracrine protein called stem cell factor ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
CooA is a heme-containing transcription factor that responds to the presence of carbon monoxide. This protein forms homodimers and is a homolog of cAMP receptor protein. CooA regulates the expression of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of CO to CO. The most well-studied CooA homolo... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
*ALDOA
*B3GALT6 NM_080605
*B4GALT3 NM_003779 Homo sapiens UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 3
*B4GALT5 NM_004776
*B4GALT7 NM_007255
*GSK3A
*GSK3B
*TPI1
*PGK1 Phosphoglycerate kinase
*PGAM5
*ENOPH1 Enolase phosphatase
*LDHA Lactate dehydrogenase
*TALDO1 Transaldolase in pentose shunt
*T... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
After a hiatus, Norşuntepe was again occupied during the Early Bronze Age. During this period, the site was surrounded by a mudbrick city wall built on a stone foundation. There is evidence for copper production and some sort of palace or large, central building appears at the site in the final phases. In terms of mate... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In mammals, microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the transcriptional activity of about 60% of protein-encoding genes. Individual miRNAs can each target, and repress transcription of, on average, roughly 200 messenger RNAs of protein coding genes. The promoters of about one third of the 167 miRNAs evaluated by Vrba et al. in n... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
* An array or slide is a collection of features spatially arranged in a two dimensional grid, arranged in columns and rows.
* Block or subarray: a group of spots, typically made in one print round; several subarrays/ blocks form an array.
* Case/control: an experimental design paradigm especially suited to the two-colo... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
It has been discovered that this protein has a catalytic activity, in other words, it has the ability to increase the speed of chemical reactions which would not occur so fast. It is known to catalysis the following reaction (which requires the following cofactor: Mg(2+)):
ATP + RNA(n) ⇄ ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Pure copper. Unlike other metals, copper is frequently used in its pure (99.9% Cu) unalloyed form for sheet and strip applications in roofing, exterior cladding, and flashing.
Tempering is a heat treatment technique used to increase the toughness of metals. Tempers determine the ductility of the metal, and therefore ho... | 0 | Metallurgy |
These proteins were originally characterized by their capacity to induce oncogenic transformation in a specific cell culture system, rat kidney fibroblasts. Application of the transforming growth factors to normal rat kidney fibroblasts induces the cultured cells to proliferate and overgrow, no longer subject to the no... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
An Ellingham diagram is a graph showing the temperature dependence of the stability of compounds. This analysis is usually used to evaluate the ease of reduction of metal oxides and sulfides. These diagrams were first constructed by Harold Ellingham in 1944. In metallurgy, the Ellingham diagram is used to predict the ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The durability assessment has been implemented in European design codes at the beginning of the 90s. It is required for designers to include the effects of long-term corrosion of steel rebar during the design stage, in order to avoid unacceptable damages during the service life of the structure. Different approaches ar... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The earliest sources of tin in the Early Bronze Age in the Near East are still unknown and the subject of much debate in archaeology.) Possibilities include minor now-depleted sources in the Near East, trade from Central Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, or elsewhere.
It is possible that as early as 2500 BC, the Ore Mo... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The earliest evidence for iron-making is a small number of iron fragments with the appropriate amounts of carbon admixture found in the Proto-Hittite layers at Kaman-Kalehöyük and dated to 2200–2000 BCE. Souckova-Siegolová (2001) shows that iron implements were made in Central Anatolia in very limited quantities around... | 0 | Metallurgy |
One of the methods of archaeometallurgy is the study of modern metals and alloys to explain and understand the use of metals in the past. A study conducted by the department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics at Weizmann Institute of Science and the department of Archaeology at the University of Haifia analyzed the c... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The source material was pig iron produced by a blast furnace using charcoal and the manganese rich iron ore from the Dannemora mine. A V-shaped hearth using charcoal was used to heat up the pig iron bar that was presented to a tuyere that decarbonized it and made it melt and fall in drops that solidified in a pool of s... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In the brewing industry flocculation has a different meaning. It is a very important process in fermentation during the production of beer where cells form macroscopic flocs. These flocs cause the yeast to sediment or rise to the top of a fermentation at the end of the fermentation. Subsequently, the yeast can be colle... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Carbonyl metallurgy is used to manufacture products of iron, nickel, steel, and other metals. Coatings are produced by vapor plating using metal carbonyl vapors. These are metal-ligand complexes where carbon monoxide is bonded to individual atoms of metals .
Iron carbonyl is stable as iron pentacarbonyl, where five car... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The Jameson Cell grew out of a long-term research program aimed at improving the recovery of fine particles by flotation. The work started at Imperial College London, and continued when Jameson moved in 1978 to the University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia, where he is Laureate Professor (2015). | 0 | Metallurgy |
Expression of genes in mammals can be upregulated when signals are transmitted to the promoters associated with the genes. Cis-regulatory DNA sequences that are located in DNA regions distant from the promoters of genes can have very large effects on gene expression, with some genes undergoing up to 100-fold increased... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Copper technology may date back to the 4th millennium BCE in the Himalaya region.
It is the first element to be discovered in metallurgy,
Copper and its alloys were also used to create copper-bronze images such as Buddhas or Hindu/Mahayana Buddhist deities. Xuanzang also noted that there were copper-bronze Buddha image... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Arsenical bronze has seen little use in the modern period. It appears that the closest equivalent goes by the name of arsenical copper, defined as copper with under 0.5 wt% As, below the accepted percentage in archaeological artefacts. The presence of 0.5 wt% arsenic in copper lowers the electrical conductivity to 34% ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Gold extraction is the extraction of gold from dilute ores using a combination of chemical processes. Gold mining produces about 3600 tons annually, and another 300 tons is produced from recycling.
Since the 20th century, gold has been principally extracted in a cyanide process by leaching the ore with cyanide solution... | 0 | Metallurgy |
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