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In molecular genetics, a repressor is a DNA- or RNA-binding protein that inhibits the expression of one or more genes by binding to the operator or associated silencers. A DNA-binding repressor blocks the attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter, thus preventing transcription of the genes into messenger RNA. An RN... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
When the temperature of concrete exceeds 65 °C for too long a time at an early age, the crystallization of ettringite (AFt) does not occur because of its higher solubility at elevated temperature and the then less soluble mono-sulfate (AFm) is formed. After dissipation of the cement hydration heat, temperature goes bac... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The G protein-coupled receptor is activated by an external signal in the form of a ligand or other signal mediator. This creates a conformational change in the receptor, causing activation of a G protein. Further effect depends on the type of G protein. G proteins are subsequently inactivated by GTPase activating prote... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
This form of corrosion is usually caused by a combination of corrosion and cyclic stress. Measuring and controlling this is difficult because of the many factors at play including the nature or form of the stress cycle. The stress cycles cause localized work hardening. So avoiding stress concentrators such as holes etc... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The functions for eRNA described below have been reported in diverse biological systems, often demonstrated with a small number of specific enhancer-target gene pairs. It is not clear to what extent the functions of eRNA described here can be generalized to most eRNAs. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In 2010, Dunne was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng). In 2016, he was awarded the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (IoM3) Harvey Flower Titanium Prize. In 2017, Dunnes Engineering Alloys team shared the Imperial Presidents Award for Outstanding Research Team with Professor Chris Ph... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Transcription of the msl-2 transcript is regulated by multiple binding sites for fly Sxl at the 5′ UTR. In particular, these poly-uracil sites are located close to a small intron that is spliced in males, but kept in females through splicing inhibition. This splicing inhibition is maintained by Sxl. When present, Sxl w... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In some cases, simply changing the way the material is processed can influence the microstructure. An example is the titanium alloy TiAl6V4. Its microstructure and mechanical properties are enhanced using SLM (selective laser melting) which is a 3D printing technique using powder and melting the particles together usin... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Agricola describes parting silver from gold in this book by using acids. He also describes heating with antimony sulphide (stibium), which would give silver sulphide and a mixture of gold and antimony. The gold and silver can then be recovered with cupellation. Gold can also be parted using salts or using mercury. Larg... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Anodized aluminium surfaces that are not regularly cleaned are susceptible to panel edge staining, a unique type of surface staining that can affect the structural integrity of the metal. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Some reports have suggested that the extrinsic Fas pathway is sufficient to induce complete apoptosis in certain cell types through DISC assembly and subsequent caspase-8 activation. These cells are dubbed Type 1 cells and are characterized by the inability of anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family (namely Bcl-2 an... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Filamentous fungi, especially Aspergillus and Trichoderma, have long been used to produce diverse industrial enzymes from their own genomes ("native", "homologous") and from recombinant DNA ("heterologous").
More recently, Myceliophthora thermophila C1 has been developed into an expression platform for screening and pr... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
* Encyclopædia Britannica, 14th ed.
* J. Day & R. F. Tylecote (eds.), The Industrial Revolution in Metals (1991)
* P. W. King, "The Cupola at Bristol", Somerset Araeology and Natural History 140 (for 1997), 37–52
* P. W. King, "Sir Clement Clerke and the Adoption of coal in metallurgy", Transactions of the Newcomen Soc... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In terms of structure, GPCRs are characterized by an extracellular N-terminus, followed by seven transmembrane (7-TM) α-helices (TM-1 to TM-7) connected by three intracellular (IL-1 to IL-3) and three extracellular loops (EL-1 to EL-3), and finally an intracellular C-terminus. The GPCR arranges itself into a tertiary s... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Concrete exposed to seawater is susceptible to its corrosive effects. The effects are more pronounced above the tidal zone than where the concrete is permanently submerged. In the submerged zone, magnesium and hydrogen carbonate ions precipitate a layer of brucite (magnesium hydroxide: Mg(OH)), about 30 micrometers thi... | 0 | Metallurgy |
* Loupe (sidérurgie)
* Krupp-Renn Process
* Direct reduced iron.
* Direct reduction (blast furnace)
* Histoire de la production de l'acier. | 0 | Metallurgy |
It has been shown by Fulda et al. that the naturally occurring compound resveratrol (a polyphenol found in grapes and red wine) can be used as a sensitizer for anticancer drug-induced apoptosis by the action of causing cell cycle arrest. This cell cycle arrest causes a dramatic decline in survivin levels in the cells, ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In the nervous system, a synapse is a structure that permits a neuron (or nerve cell) to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron or to the target effector cell.
Synapses are essential to the transmission of nervous impulses from one neuron to another, playing a key role in enabling rapid and direct comm... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Pigmentation patterns provide one of the most striking and easily scored differences between different species of animals. Pigmentation of the Drosophila wing has proven to be a particularly amenable system for studying the development of complex pigmentation phenotypes. The Drosophila guttifera wing has 12 dark pigmen... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
CAF-1 functions as a histone chaperone that mediates the first step in nucleosome formation by tetramerizing and depositing newly synthesized histone H3/H4 onto DNA rapidly behind replication forks. H3 and H4 are synthesized in the cytoplasm. Several studies have shown that the interaction between CAF-1 and PCNA (prol... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic, Gram-positive bacteria that forms biofilm in glass. This process is also known as forming a biofilm in vitro. The presence of (Esp), a certain cell surface protein, aids the formation of a biofilm by Enterococcus faecalis. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
A similar process (environmental stress cracking) occurs in polymers, when products are exposed to specific solvents or aggressive chemicals such as acids and alkalis. As with metals, attack is confined to specific polymers and particular chemicals. Thus polycarbonate is sensitive to attack by alkalis, but not by acids... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Isothermal transformation diagrams (also known as time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagrams) are plots of temperature versus time (usually on a logarithmic scale). They are generated from percentage transformation-vs time measurements, and are useful for understanding the transformations of an alloy steel at elev... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The extent to which a solid is crystalline (crystallinity) has important effects on its physical properties. Sulfur, while usually polycrystalline, may also occur in other allotropic forms with completely different properties. Although crystallites are referred to as grains, powder grains are different, as they can be ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
During the Mississippian period (800–1600 CE, varying locally), elites at major political and religious centers throughout the midwestern and southeastern United States used copper ornamentation as a sign of their status by crafting the sacred material into representations connected with the Chiefly Warrior cult of the... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Experimental archaeometallurgy is a subset of experimental archaeology that specifically involves past metallurgical processes most commonly involving the replication of copper and iron objects as well as testing the methodology behind the production of ancient metals and metal objects. Metals and elements used primari... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The (p)ppGpp levels of the host seem to act as a sensor for phage lambda development, primarily affecting transcription. Modest ppGpp levels inhibit pR and active pE, pI, and paQ promoters in vivo and have effects in vitro that seem to favor lysogeny. In contrast, absent or high concentrations of (p)ppGpp favor lysis. ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Although the origins of iron working in Africa have been the subject of scholarly interest since the 1860s, it is still not known whether this technology diffused into sub-Saharan Africa from the Mediterranean region, or whether it was invented there independently of iron working elsewhere. Although some nineteenth-cen... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Hydrogen-reduced iron is used as a source of food-grade iron powder, for food fortification and for oxygen scavenging. This elemental form is not absorbed as well as ferrous forms, but the oxygen-scavenging function keeps it attractive. Purity standards for this use are established in 1977. | 0 | Metallurgy |
The ciliate, dasycladacean and Hexamita nuclear code (translation table 6) is a genetic code used by certain ciliate, dasycladacean and Hexamita species.
The ciliate macronuclear code has not been determined completely. The codon UAA is known to code for Gln only in the Oxytrichidae. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
S&S has also been used in RNA splicing research in many animals and plants.
The mRNA splicing plays a fundamental role in gene functional regulation. Very recently, it has been shown that A to G conversions at splice sites can lead to mRNA mis-splicing in Arabidopsis. The splicing and exon–intron junction prediction co... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Transcription initiation at the P promoter occurs in the presence of high arabinose and low glucose concentrations. Upon arabinose binding to AraC, the N-terminal arm of AraC is released from its DNA binding domain via a “light switch” mechanism. This allows AraC to dimerize and bind the I and I operators. The AraC-ar... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In addition to water and ammonia, the clouds in the atmospheres of the gas giant planets contain ammonium sulfides. The reddish-brownish clouds are attributed to polysulfides, arising from the exposure of the ammonium sulfides to light. | 0 | Metallurgy |
The majority of miRNAs act in the cytoplasm and mediate mRNA degradation or translational arrest. However, some plant miRNAs have been shown to act directly to promote DNA methylation. miRNAs come from hairpin precursors generated by the RNaseIII enzymes Drosha and Dicer. Both miRNA and siRNA form either the RNA-induce... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Hydrometallurgy is concerned with processes involving aqueous solutions to extract metals from ores. The first step in the hydrometallurgical process is leaching, which involves dissolution of the valuable metals into the aqueous solution and or a suitable solvent. After the solution is separated from the ore solids, t... | 0 | Metallurgy |
*Patricia A. M. Huntington. [http://www.meteorman.org/Cape%20York.pdf Robert E Peary and the Cape York meteorites] | 0 | Metallurgy |
James Beaumont Neilson, previously foreman at Glasgow gas works, invented the system of preheating the blast for a furnace. He found that by increasing the temperature of the incoming air to 300 degrees Fahrenheit, he could reduce the fuel consumption from 8.06 tons of coal to 5.16 tons of coal per ton of produced iro... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The completed assembly of the holoenzyme with transcription factors and RNA polymerase II bound to the promoter forms the eukaryotic transcription initiation complex. Transcription in the archaea domain is similar to transcription in eukaryotes.
Transcription begins with matching of NTPs to the first and second in the ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
A not often used definition of glaze is the highly sintered compacted oxide layer formed due to the sliding of either two metallic surfaces (or sometimes a metal surface and ceramic surface) at high temperatures (normally several hundred degrees Celsius) in oxidizing conditions. The sliding or tribological action gener... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In cancers, loss of expression of genes occurs about 10 times more frequently by transcription silencing (caused by promoter hypermethylation of CpG islands) than by mutations. As Vogelstein et al. point out, in a colorectal cancer there are usually about 3 to 6 driver mutations and 33 to 66 hitchhiker or passenger mu... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Prp24 has a human homolog, SART3. SART3 is a tumor rejection antigen (SART3 stands for "squamous cell carcinoma antigen recognized by T cells, gene 3). The RRMs 1 and 2 in yeast are similar to RRMs in human SART3. The C-terminal domain is also highly conserved from yeast to humans. This protein, like Prp24, interacts ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Antibody (or immunoglobulin) structure is made up of two heavy-chains and two light-chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds. The arrangement or processes that put together different parts of this antibody molecule play important role in antibody diversity and production of different subclasses or clas... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
High-Mobility Group or HMG is a group of chromosomal proteins that are involved in the regulation of DNA-dependent processes such as
transcription, replication, recombination, and DNA repair. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The Fas receptor, also known as Fas, FasR, apoptosis antigen 1 (APO-1 or APT), cluster of differentiation 95 (CD95) or tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (TNFRSF6), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAS gene. Fas was first identified using a monoclonal antibody generated by immunizing mice... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Pewter, being a softer material, can be manipulated in various ways such as being cast, hammered, turned, spun and engraved.
Given that pewter is soft at room temperature, a pewter bell does not ring clearly. Cooling it in liquid nitrogen hardens it and enables it to ring, but also makes it more brittle. | 0 | Metallurgy |
The transcriptome is the set of all RNA transcripts, including coding and non-coding, in an individual or a population of cells. The term can also sometimes be used to refer to all RNAs, or just mRNA, depending on the particular experiment. The term transcriptome is a portmanteau of the words transcript and genome; it ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The preinitiation complex (abbreviated PIC) is a complex of approximately 100 proteins that is necessary for the transcription of protein-coding genes in eukaryotes and archaea. The preinitiation complex positions RNA polymerase II (Pol II) at gene transcription start sites, denatures the DNA, and positions the DNA in... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
GPCRs downstream signals have been shown to possibly interact with integrin signals, such as FAK. Integrin signaling will phosphorylate FAK, which can then decrease GPCR G activity. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Each of the most important fragments of Cape York has its own name (listed in order of discovery date by foreigners):
# Ahnighito (the Tent), , 1884–1897, Meteorite Island, 76°04N – 64°58W
# Woman, , 1897, Saveruluk, 76°09N – 64°56W
# Dog, , 1897, Saveruluk, 76°09N – 64°56W
# Savik I, , 1913, Savequarfik, 76°08N – 64°3... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Although nonsense-mediated mRNA decay reduces nonsense codons, mutations can occur that lead to various health problems and diseases in humans. A dominant-negative or deleterious gain-of-function mutation can occur if premature terminating (nonsense) codons are translated. NMD is becoming increasingly evident in the wa... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
As mentioned above, the deformed structure is often a 3-D cellular structure with walls consisting of dislocation tangles. As recovery proceeds these cell walls will undergo a transition towards a genuine subgrain structure. This occurs through a gradual elimination of extraneous dislocations and the rearrangement of t... | 0 | Metallurgy |
A B2 intermetallic compound has equal numbers of atoms of two metals such as aluminium and iron, arranged as two interpenetrating simple cubic lattices of the component metals. | 0 | Metallurgy |
mTOR inhibitors may be useful for treating/preventing several age-associated conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimers disease and Parkinsons disease. After a short-term treatment with the mTOR inhibitors dactolisib and everolimus, in elderly (65 and older), treated subjects had a reduced numb... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Beginning in 1618, the government on an almost continual basis organized expeditions to the Urals and Siberia to search for ore deposits. Also, the practice of issuing permits was used, which made it possible to search for ores throughout the territory of the state.
In the 16th-17th centuries, primitive blast furnaces ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The quenching process produces a high strength bar from inexpensive low carbon steel. The process quenches the surface layer of the bar, which pressurizes and deforms the crystal structure of intermediate layers, and simultaneously begins to temper the quenched layers using the heat from the bar's core.
Steel billets 1... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Offshore wind turbines are subject to challenging environmental conditions, including corrosive saltwater, high wind forces, and potential electrical currents. These conditions can contribute to bearing failures and impact the reliability and maintenance of wind turbines. Several factors that can lead to bearing failur... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Permutation re-sampling requires a computationally demanding number of permutations to get reliable estimates of the p-values for the most differentially expressed genes, if n is large. Eisinga, Breitling and Heskes (2013) provide the exact probability mass distribution of the rank product statistic. Calculation of t... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Using a glass pipette, the photolysed cell is isolated by aspiration. Cells are lysed and affinity purification is performed using streptavidin-coated beads that bind, immobilize and purify the biotinylated TIVA tag. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
When iron is in contact with water and oxygen, it rusts. If salt is present, for example in seawater or salt spray, the iron tends to rust more quickly, as a result of chemical reactions. Iron metal is relatively unaffected by pure water or by dry oxygen. As with other metals, like aluminium, a tightly adhering oxide c... | 0 | Metallurgy |
For the bacteria to use quorum sensing constitutively, they must possess three abilities: secretion of a signaling molecule, secretion of an autoinducer (to detect the change in concentration of signaling molecules), and regulation of gene transcription as a response. This process is highly dependent on the diffusion m... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Below is a table of the handbooks published by ASM International as of April 2023. These handbooks are recognized as a standard reference in the field of materials science. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Synapses are typically formed where two neurons come in very close proximity. Ephaptic coupling may therefore arise across the synaptic cleft. Prominent examples are the fish Mauthner cell, the chick ciliary ganglion, the mammalian cerebellar basket synapse, and the mammalian, developing calyx of Held synapse. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
A silencer is a sequence-specific element that induces a negative effect on the transcription of its particular gene. There are many positions in which a silencer element can be located in DNA. The most common position is found upstream of the target gene where it can help repress the transcription of the gene. This di... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
* 999.95: what most dealers would buy as if 100% pure; the most common purity for platinum bullion coins and bars
* 999—three nines fine
* 950: the most common purity for platinum jewelry
* 900—one nine fine | 0 | Metallurgy |
Several techniques exist to produce pre-alloyed powder, such as Grade 5. In the hydride-dehydride process feedstock such as solid scrap, billet or machined turnings are processed to remove contaminants, hydrogenated to produce brittle material then ground under argon in a vibratory ball mill, typically at 400 °C for 4 ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Relative little is known about the normal functions and pathological actions of the CKLF2, CKLF3, and CKLF4 isoforms. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The regions of the rpoB gene which are susceptible to mutations are typically well conserved, indicating they are important for life. This makes it very likely that mutations within these regions have some effect on the overall fitness of the organism. These physiological changes can include a reduced rate of growth, i... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Season cracking is a form of stress-corrosion cracking of brass cartridge cases originally reported from British forces in India. During the monsoon season, military activity was temporarily reduced, and ammunition was stored in stables until the dry weather returned. Many brass cartridges were subsequently found to be... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In materials science, the Zener–Hollomon parameter, typically denoted as Z, is used to relate changes in temperature or strain-rate to the stress-strain behavior of a material. It has been most extensively applied to the forming of steels at increased temperature, when creep is active. It is given by
where is the stra... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Caretaker genes encode products that stabilize the genome. Fundamentally, mutations in caretaker genes lead to genomic instability. Tumor cells arise from two distinct classes of genomic instability: mutational instability arising from changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA and chromosomal instability arising from... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
An autoreceptor is a type of receptor located in the membranes of nerve cells. It serves as part of a negative feedback loop in signal transduction. It is only sensitive to the neurotransmitters or hormones released by the neuron on which the autoreceptor sits. Similarly, a heteroreceptor is sensitive to neurotransmi... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Tumor angiogenesis rely on interactions between endothelial vascular growth factors which can all activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR in endothelial cells, pericytes, or cancer cells. Example of these growth factors are angiopoietin 1 (ANG1), ANG 2, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), ephrin-B2, vascular endothelial growth f... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Homologous paired receptors are located in the same gene cluster and are thought to have evolved through gene duplication. Sequence features such as the presence of an ITIM-like sequence in the 3' untranslated region of some activating receptors imply that the activating members of the pair likely evolved from the inhi... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
A noble metal is ordinarily regarded as a metallic chemical element that is generally resistant to corrosion and is usually found in nature in its raw form. Gold, platinum, and the other platinum group metals (ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium) are most often so classified. Silver, copper, and mercury are ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).
Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Performance-based approaches provide for a real design of durability, based on models describing the evolution in time of degradation processes, and the definition of times at which defined limit states will be reached. To consider the wide variety of service life influencing factors and their variability, performance-... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Development of the Albion process started during the early nineties led by Mount Isa Mines. It was first patented in 1993. Several pilot plant projects were conducted in 1994 and 1995 which tested the feasibility of using the technology to process high arsenic gold and copper ore.
The Albion Process has been successfu... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Common roll-to-roll coating processes include:
* Air knife coating
* Anilox coater
* Flexo coater
* Gap Coating
** Knife-over-roll coating
* Gravure coating
* Hot melt coating- when the necessary coating viscosity is achieved by temperature rather than solution of the polymers etc. This method commonly implies slot-di... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Plasma electrolytic oxidation is a similar process, but where higher voltages are applied. This causes sparks to occur and results in more crystalline/ceramic type coatings. | 0 | Metallurgy |
A protein phosphatase is a phosphatase enzyme that removes a phosphate group from the phosphorylated amino acid residue of its substrate protein. Protein phosphorylation is one of the most common forms of reversible protein posttranslational modification (PTM), with up to 30% of all proteins being phosphorylated at any... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The Bengal Iron Works was founded at Kulti, Bengal, in 1870 which began its production in 1874 followed by The Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) was established by Dorabji Tata in 1907, as part of his father's conglomerate. By 1939 it operated the largest steel plant in the British Empire. The company launched a maj... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The VAR process is used on many different materials. Certain applications almost always use a material that has been VAR treated. A list of materials that may be VAR treated include:
*Stainless Steel
*Alloy Steel
**4340 & 4330+V
**300M
**AF1410
**Aermet 100
**M50
**BG42
**Nitralloy
**16NCD13
**35NCD16
**HY-100
**HY-180... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Thermopiles are used for measuring the intensity of incident radiation, typically visible or infrared light, which heats the hot junctions, while the cold junctions are on a heat sink. It is possible to measure radiative intensities of only a few μW/cm with commercially available thermopile sensors. For example, some l... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Overload, shocks and vibrations (bridges, roads submitted to intense truck traffic...) can induce mechanical stress and deformations in concrete structures and be responsible for the mechanical degradation of concrete. Beside the long-term drying shrinkage of concrete, pre-stressed and post-tensioned civil engineering ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
False brinelling is a bearing damage caused by fretting, with or without corrosion, that causes imprints that look similar to brinelling, but are caused by a different mechanism. False brinelling may occur in bearings which act under small oscillations or vibrations.
The basic cause of false brinelling is that the desi... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Knowles was awarded a Fellowship of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (FIMMM) in 2004 in recognition of his contributions to the field of materials science. In 2015, he was also made Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng). He holds two European patents and has authored over 100 academic papers... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Nowadays, several Calphad softwares are available - in a framework of computational thermodynamics - to simulate solidification in systems with more than two components; these have recently been defined as Calphad Tools for the Metallurgy of Solidification. In recent years, Calphad-based methodologies have reached ma... | 0 | Metallurgy |
ppGpp and pppGpp were first identified by Michael Cashel in 1969. These nucleotides were found to accumulate rapidly in Escherichia coli cells starved for amino acids and inhibit synthesis of ribosomal and transfer RNAs. It is now known that (p)ppGpp is also produced in response to other stressors including carbon and ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In the United States in 1964, the Federal Trade Commission proscribed the use of the word leakproof or the phrase "guaranteed leakproof" in advertisements for or on the packages of dry-cell batteries, as they had determined that no manufacturer had yet developed a battery that was truly impervious to leaking. The FTC r... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Genes can be silenced by multiple methylation of CpG sites in the CpG islands of their promoters.[11] Even if silencing of a gene is initiated by another mechanism, this often is followed by methylation of CpG sites in the promoter CpG island to stabilize the silencing of the gene.[11] On the other hand, hypomethylatio... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Tetrathionate's structure can be visualized by following three edges of a rectangular cuboid, as in the diagram below. The structure shown is the configuration of in BaSO·2HO and NaSO·2HO. Dihedral S–S–S–S angles approaching 90° are common in polysulfides. | 0 | Metallurgy |
The furnace comprises three distinct zones:
* Firstly, the preheating zone heats the ore to 800 °C using the hot fumes within the furnace. Ore reduction occurs only if temperatures exceed 900-1,000 °C, while the coal releases its most volatile constituents.
* Secondly, the reduction zone is situated in the middle of th... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Deformation mechanisms are commonly characterized as brittle, ductile, and brittle-ductile. The driving mechanism responsible is an interplay between internal (e.g. composition, grain size and lattice-preferred orientation) and external (e.g. temperature and fluid pressure) factors. These mechanisms produce a range of ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Dye completed a Bachelor of Arts degree in Natural Sciences in 1997 at the University of Cambridge, followed by a PhD on the Mechanical effects of welding superalloys in 2000, supervised by Roger Reed. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Although the FGF family of paracrine factors has a broad range of functions, major findings support the idea that they primarily stimulate proliferation and differentiation. To fulfill many diverse functions, FGFs can be alternatively spliced or even have different initiation codons to create hundreds of different FGF ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Dimetcote is popular in the marine industry. The inorganic zinc coating of Dimetcote can protect metal components from moisture. | 0 | Metallurgy |
The vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) is a transport protein integrated into the membranes of synaptic vesicles of presynaptic neurons. It transports monoamine neurotransmitters – such as dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and histamine – into the vesicles, which release the neurotransmitters into s... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
After the first bond is synthesized, the RNA polymerase must clear the promoter. During this time, there is a tendency to release the RNA transcript and produce truncated transcripts. This is called abortive initiation and is common for both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Abortive initiation continues to occur until the... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) modifications contribute to nearly 90% of all editing events in RNA. The deamination of adenosine is catalyzed by the double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase (ADAR), which typically acts on pre-mRNAs. The deamination of adenosine to inosine disrupts and destabilizes the dsRNA base... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Stainless steel is a material which is difficult to solder because of its stable, self-healing surface oxide layer and its low thermal conductivity. A solution of zinc chloride in hydrochloric acid is a common flux for stainless steels; it has however to be thoroughly removed afterwards as it would cause pitting corros... | 0 | Metallurgy |
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