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The core RNA polymerase (consisting of 2 alpha (α), 1 beta (β), 1 beta-prime (β'), and 1 omega (ω) subunits) binds a sigma factor to form a complex called the RNA polymerase holoenzyme. It was previously believed that the RNA polymerase holoenzyme initiates transcription, while the core RNA polymerase alone synthesizes... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In molecular biology and genetics, transcription coregulators are proteins that interact with transcription factors to either activate or repress the transcription of specific genes. Transcription coregulators that activate gene transcription are referred to as coactivators while those that repress are known as corepr... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Paracrine signaling through fibroblast growth factors and its respective receptors utilizes the receptor tyrosine pathway. This signaling pathway has been highly studied, using Drosophila eyes and human cancers.
Binding of FGF to FGFR phosphorylates the idle kinase and activates the RTK pathway. This pathway begins a... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In molecular biology, a twintron is an intron-within-intron excised by sequential splicing reactions. A twintron is presumably formed by the insertion of a mobile intron into an existing intron. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
*2001 – Chester F. Carlson Award, American Society for Engineering Education
*2006 – Distinguished Alumni Award, University of Minnesota
*2006 – Distinguished Service Award, American Society for Engineering Education
*2014 – Honorary Doctorate, University of Technology Malaysia
*2015 – Lifetime Achievement Award, Amer... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Corepressors present many potential avenues for drugs to target a vast range of diseases.
BCL6 upregulation is observed in cancers such as diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs), colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. BCL-6 corepressor, SMRT, NCoR, and other corepressors are able to interact with and transcriptionally re... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The oldest anodizing process uses chromic acid. It is widely known as the Bengough-Stuart process but, due to the safety regulations regarding air quality control, is not preferred by vendors when the additive material associated with type II doesn't break tolerances. In North America, it is known as Type I because it ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
A bimetallic strip is a strip that consists of two strips of different metals which expand at different rates as they are heated. They are used to convert a temperature change into mechanical displacement. The different expansions force the flat strip to bend one way if heated, and in the opposite direction if cooled b... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The TET proteins also have activities that are independent of DNA demethylation. These include, for instance, TET2 interaction with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase to promote histone O-GlcN acylation to affect transcription of target genes. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Tyrosine phosphorylation sites in growth factor receptors serve two major purposes—to control the state of activity of the kinase and to create binding sites for downstream signal transduction molecules, which in many cases also are substrates for the kinase. The second part of the tyrosine kinase domain in the PDGFβ r... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In steel industry
There are mainly two types of MTC in steel industry, as for steel plates or steel pipes, there must be specific inspection scope or lists:
# MTC EN 10204 3.1 :MTC 3.1 is issued by the manufacturer in which they declare that the products supplied are in compliance with the requirements of the order an... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Electric resistance corrosion probes are used in different types for different applications of online corrosion monitoring. The corrosion rate of these probes can be measured online or transferred to the control system by using corrosion handheld or fixed data loggers or by corrosion transmitters.
The general type of E... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Sterlite Industries ("Sterlite"), a subsidiary of Vedanta Resources, built a copper smelter in Tuticorin using an ISASMELT furnace and Peirce-Smith converters. The smelter was commissioned in 1996 and was designed to produce 60,000 t/y of copper (450,000 t/y of copper concentrate), but by increasing the oxygen content ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Hot blast was the single most important advance in fuel efficiency of the blast furnace and was one of the most important technologies developed during the Industrial Revolution. Hot blast was patented by James Beaumont Neilson at Wilsontown Ironworks in Scotland in 1828. Within a few years of the introduction, hot bl... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In general, if an excitatory synapse is strong enough, an action potential in the presynaptic neuron will trigger an action potential in the postsynaptic cell. In many cases the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) will not reach the threshold for eliciting an action potential. When action potentials from multiple ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
As yttrium is chemically similar to lanthanides, it occurs in the same ores (rare-earth minerals) and is extracted by the same refinement processes. A slight distinction is recognized between the light (LREE) and the heavy rare-earth elements (HREE), but the distinction is not perfect. Yttrium is concentrated in the HR... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Solder (; NA: ) is a fusible metal alloy used to create a permanent bond between metal workpieces. Solder is melted in order to wet the parts of the joint, where it adheres to and connects the pieces after cooling. Metals or alloys suitable for use as solder should have a lower melting point than the pieces to be joine... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In most cases, unidirectional transcription of enhancer regions generates long (>4kb) and polyadenylated eRNAs. Enhancers that generate polyA+ eRNAs have a lower H3K4me1/me3 ratio in their chromatin signature than 2D-eRNAs. PolyA+ eRNAs are distinct from long multiexonic poly transcripts (meRNAs) that are generated by ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Thermal spraying techniques are coating processes in which melted (or heated) materials are sprayed onto a surface. The "feedstock" (coating precursor) is heated by electrical (plasma or arc) or chemical means (combustion flame).
Thermal spraying can provide thick coatings (approx. thickness range is 20 microns to sev... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The Shapiro–Senapathy algorithm has been used to determine the various aberrant splicing mechanisms in genes due to deleterious mutations in the splice sites, which cause numerous diseases. Deleterious splice site mutations impair the normal splicing of the gene transcripts, and thereby make the encoded protein defecti... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Several Bioconductor packages, for the R software, provide the facility for creating MA plots. These include affy (ma.plot, mva.pairs), limma (plotMA), marray (maPlot), and edgeR(maPlot)
Similar "RA" plots can be generated using the raPlot function in the caroline [https://cran.r-project.org/ CRAN] R package.
An intera... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The major role of chemokines is to act as a chemoattractant to guide the migration of cells. Cells that are attracted by chemokines follow a signal of increasing chemokine concentration towards the source of the chemokine. Some chemokines control cells of the immune system during processes of immune surveillance, such... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Increased intracellular levels of lactate can act as a signalling hormone, inducing changes in gene expression that will upregulate genes involved in lactate removal. These genes include MCT1, cytochrome c oxidase (COX), and other enzymes involved in the lactate oxidation complex. Additionally, lactate will increase l... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Etching is the immersion of the part into the chemical bath, and the action of the chemical on the part to be milled. The time spent immersed in the chemical bath determines the depth of the resulting etch; this time is calculated via the formula:
where E is the rate of etching (usually abbreviated to etch rate), s is ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The expansion of the corrosion products (iron oxides) of carbon steel reinforcement structures may induce internal mechanical stress (tensile stress) that cause the formation of cracks and disrupt the concrete structure. If rebars have been improperly installed or have inadequate concrete cover at surfaces exposed to t... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Dye runs a Youtube channel, personal blog, and has courses on Coursera to teach metallurgy, mathematics and data analysis, continuum mechanics, and engineering Alloys. Dye also is a scientific witness to the Science and Technology Committee of the UK parliament. | 0 | Metallurgy |
The Bayer process is the principal industrial means of refining bauxite to produce alumina (aluminium oxide) and was developed by Carl Josef Bayer. Bauxite, the most important ore of aluminium, contains only 30–60% aluminium oxide (AlO), the rest being a mixture of silica, various iron oxides, and titanium dioxide. Th... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The capping enzyme is part of the covalent nucleotidyl transferases superfamily, which also includes DNA ligases and RNA ligases. The enzymes of this superfamily share the following similarities:
* Conserved regions known as motifs I, II, III, IIIa, IV, V and VI, which are arranged in the same order and similar spacin... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Defective Fas-mediated apoptosis may lead to oncogenesis as well as drug resistance in existing tumors. Germline mutation of Fas is associated with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS), a childhood disorder of apoptosis.
Increases in Fas-mediated signaling have been implicated in the pathology of low-risk mye... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The equilibrium phase diagram of the alloy formed between the two components tantalum and tungsten is a binary diagram, where the two components are totally soluble on each other. In this diagram the melting temperature of the two elements are shown. It can be seen that there are two lines, representing the solidus and... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The preparation of ceramic specimens for microstructural analysis consists of five broad steps: sawing, embedding, grinding, polishing and etching. The tools and consumables for ceramographic preparation are available worldwide from metallography equipment vendors and laboratory supply companies. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Sulfuric acid produced by microorganisms will interact with the surface of the structure material. For ordinary Portland cement, it reacts with the calcium hydroxide in concrete to form calcium sulfate. This change simultaneously destroys the polymeric nature of calcium hydroxide and substitutes a larger molecule into ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
*How to model it: Problem Solving for the Computer Age (1990) ISBN 978-0808779704
*Active Learning: Cooperation in the College Classroom (1991) ISBN 978-0939603145
*Cooperative learning: Increasing college faculty instructional productivity (1991) ISBN 978-1878380095
*New paradigms for College Teaching (1997) ISBN 978-... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The Gibson assembly method is a relatively straightforward DNA assembly method, requiring only a few additional reagents: the 5 T5 exonuclease, Phusion DNA polymerase, and Taq DNA ligase. The DNA fragments to be assembled are synthesised to have overlapping 5 and 3' ends in the order that they are to be assembled in. T... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Despite the widespread classification of genes as either structural or regulatory, these categories are not an absolute division. Recent genetic discoveries call into question the distinction between regulatory and structural genes.
The distinction between regulatory and structural genes can be attributed to the origin... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
One of the few known cases of a functional system in which ephaptic coupling is responsible for an observable physiological event is in the Purkinje cells of the rat cerebellum. It was demonstrated in this study that the basket cells which encapsulate some regions of Purkinje fibers can cause inhibitory effects on the ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Consequences of loss of pRb function is dependent on cell type and cell cycle status, as pRb's tumor suppressive role changes depending on the state and current identity of the cell.
In G0 quiescent stem cells, pRb is proposed to maintain G0 arrest although the mechanism remains largely unknown. Loss of pRb leads to ex... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The discovery that a hormone can influence phosphoinositide metabolism was made by Mabel R. Hokin (1924–2003) and her husband Lowell E. Hokin in 1953, when they discovered that radioactive P phosphate was incorporated into the phosphatidylinositol of pancreas slices when stimulated with acetylcholine. Up until then pho... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Silicon carbide is used as a raw ingredient in some glazes applied to ceramics. At high temperatures it can reduce metal oxides forming silica and carbon dioxide. This can be used to make the glaze foam and crater due to the evolved carbon dioxide gas, or to reduce the colorant oxides and achieve colors such as coppe... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Metal casting processes uses the following terminology:
*Pattern: An approximate duplicate of the final casting used to form the mold cavity.
*Molding material: The material that is packed around the pattern and then the pattern is removed to leave the cavity where the casting material will be poured.
*Flask: The rigid... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), also referred to as the mechanistic target of rapamycin, and sometimes called FK506-binding protein 12-rapamycin-associated protein 1 (FRAP1), is a kinase that in humans is encoded by the MTOR gene. mTOR is a member of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase family of... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The active zone is present in all chemical synapses examined so far and is present in all animal species. The active zones examined so far have at least two features in common, they all have protein dense material that project from the membrane and tethers synaptic vesicles close to the membrane and they have long fil... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Depending on the type of ligand a co-receptor binds, its location and function can vary. Various ligands include interleukins, neurotrophic factors, fibroblast growth factors, transforming growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factors and epidermal growth factors. Co-receptors prominent in embryonic tissue have a... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Bauxite tailings is a waste product generated in the industrial production of aluminium. Making provision for the approximately 77 million tons that is produced annually is one of the most significant problems for the aluminium mining industry. | 0 | Metallurgy |
;For aluminium
* sodium hydroxide
* Keller's reagent
;For steels
* hydrochloric and nitric acids
* ferric chloride for stainless steels
* Nital (a mixture of nitric acid and ethanol, methanol, or methylated spirits for mild steels.
2% Nital is common etchant for plain carbon steels.
;For copper
* cupric chloride
* ferr... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In cell biology, protein kinase A (PKA) is a family of serine-threonine kinase whose activity is dependent on cellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP). PKA is also known as cAMP-dependent protein kinase (). PKA has several functions in the cell, including regulation of glycogen, sugar, and lipid metabolism. It should not b... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
A spoil tip (also called a boney pile, culm bank, gob pile, waste tip or bing) is a pile built of accumulated spoil – waste material removed during mining. Spoil tips are not formed of slag, but in some areas, such as England and Wales, they are referred to as slag heaps. In Scotland the word bing is used. In North ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Boeing, General Electric Aircraft Engines, Goodrich Corporation, NASA, Texas A&M University and All Nippon Airways developed the Variable Geometry Chevron using a NiTi SMA. Such a variable area fan nozzle (VAFN) design would allow for quieter and more efficient jet engines in the future. In 2005 and 2006, Boeing conduc... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The Kidd Process development team modified its cathode plates to cope with high-corrosion environments, such as the liberator cells used to remove contaminants in refineries and some high-corrosion environments in electrowinning plants.
The design of the plate features a stainless-steel jacket that surrounds a solid-co... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Self-splicing occurs for rare introns that form a ribozyme, performing the functions of the spliceosome by RNA alone. There are three kinds of self-splicing introns, Group I, Group II and Group III. Group I and II introns perform splicing similar to the spliceosome without requiring any protein. This similarity sugg... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Green rust is a generic name for various green crystalline chemical compounds containing iron(II) and iron(III) cations, the hydroxide () anion, and another anion such as carbonate (), chloride (), or sulfate (), in a layered double hydroxide structure. The most studied varieties are
* carbonate green rust – GR(): [()]... | 0 | Metallurgy |
High-temperature corrosion typically occurs in environments that have heat and chemical such as hydrocarbon fuel sources but also other chemicals enable this form of corrosion.
Thus it can occur in boilers, automotive engines driven by diesel or gasoline, metal production furnaces and flare stacks from oil and gas pro... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Bioleaching is the extraction or liberation of metals from their ores through the use of living organisms. Bioleaching is one of several applications within biohydrometallurgy and several methods are used to treat ores or concentrates containing copper, zinc, lead, arsenic, antimony, nickel, molybdenum, gold, silver, ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
This - Calphad calculated value of numerical derivative - Q has some interesting applications in the field of metal solidification. In fact, Q reflects the phase diagram of the alloy system and its reciprocal has been found to have a relationship with grain size d on solidification, which empirically has been found i... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Aluminium surface composites with enhanced surface properties can be fabricated using FSP. Aluminium surface composites fabricated with the optimum friction stir processing parameters show better mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The processing parameters such as tool rotational speed and tool shoulder d... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Ferrouranium, also called ferro-uranium, is a ferroalloy, an alloy of iron and uranium, after World War II usually depleted uranium. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Construction of a 15 t/h demonstration copper ISASMELT plant began in 1986. The design was based on MIM's 250 kg/h test work and operating experience with the lead ISASMELT pilot plant. It cost A$11 million and was commissioned in April 1987. The initial capital cost was recovered in the first 14 months of operation.
A... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Rapamycin (Sirolimus) inhibits mTORC1, resulting in the suppression of cellular senescence. This appears to provide most of the beneficial effects of the drug (including life-span extension in animal studies). Suppression of insulin resistance by sirtuins accounts for at least some of this effect. Impaired sirtuin 3 le... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
One of the key elements of promoters inhibited by (p)ppGpp is the presence of a GC-rich discriminator, defined as a region between TATA-box (-10 box) and +1 nt (where +1 is the transcription start site). Promoters negatively regulated by ppGpp have a 16-bp linker, in contrast with the 17-bp consensus. Promoters activat... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Promoters are important gene regulatory elements used in tuning synthetically designed genetic circuits and metabolic networks. For example, to overexpress an important gene in a network, to yield higher production of target protein, synthetic biologists design promoters to upregulate its expression. Automated algorith... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The third piece has a fractured top surface, which indicates that a fourth piece of the original pillar is missing. Klaus Roessler (1995) estimated the length of this piece at . Henry Cousens hypothesized that the fourth piece had a garuda figure (the Paramara royal emblem) or a trishula (trident) at the top. As Bhoja ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
A brass mill is a mill which processes brass. Brass mills are common in England; many date from long before the Industrial Revolution.
;Examples of brass mills include:
*Brassmill (Ross on Wye)
*Saltford Brass Mill | 0 | Metallurgy |
RNA polymerase II holoenzyme is a form of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II that is recruited to the promoters of protein-coding genes in living cells. It consists of RNA polymerase II, a subset of general transcription factors, and regulatory proteins known as SRB proteins.
Part of the assembly of the holoenzyme is referre... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Flocculation and sedimentation are widely employed in the purification of drinking water as well as in sewage treatment, storm-water treatment and treatment of industrial wastewater streams. Typical treatment processes consist of grates, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, granular filtration and disinfection. As... | 0 | Metallurgy |
A method employing very gentle cell lysis in yeast followed by co-immunoprecipitation with an antibody to a mediator subunit (Med 17) has confirmed almost all previously reported or predicted interactions and revealed many previously unsuspected specific interactions of various proteins with mediator. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The emerging understanding of the role of eNSCs in the adult mammalian brain suggested the relevance of these cells to disease. To address this issue, experiments were performed where the activation of eNSCs was induced in models of disease. This allowed the study of the consequences of activating eNSCs in the diseased... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
It appears that growth factors, amino acids, ATP, and oxygen levels regulate mTOR signaling. Several downstream pathways that regulate cell-cycle progression, translation, initiation, transcriptional stress responses, protein stability, and survival of cells are signaling through mTOR.
The serine/threonine kinase mTOR ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Bisson (2000) thought that because of coppers redness, luminosity and sound, it was valued by Africans. For many African cultures, the redness could be with life giving powers. Bisson (2000) also noted that the redness is a symbol of transition and it association with transition could explain why the wide use of copper... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In addition to reinitiation, uORFs contribute to translation initiation based on:
* The nucleotides of an uORF may code for a codon that leads to a highly structured mRNA, causing the ribosome to stall.
* cis- and trans- regulation on translation of the main protein coding sequence.
* Interactions with IRES sites. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
As noted above, human cells do not express TLR11, but mice cells do. Mouse-specific TLR11 recognizes uropathogenic E.coli and the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. With Toxoplasma its ligand is the protein profilin and the ligand for E. coli is flagellin. The flagellin from the enteropathogen Salmonella is also ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
HIV-1 is a retrovirus that relies on myristoylation of one of its structural proteins in order to successfully package its genome, assemble and mature into a new infectious particle. Viral matrix protein, the N-terminal–most domain of the gag polyprotein, is myristoylated. This myristoylation modification targets gag t... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Controversy has swirled around the provenance of the copper oxhide ingots. Lead isotope analysis (LIA) suggests that the late LBA ingots (that is, after 1250 BC) are composed of Cypriot copper, specifically copper from the Apilki mine and its surrounding area. The Gelidonya ingots' ratios are consistent with Cypriot or... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The Old Copper Complex in North America has been radiometrically dated to 9500 BP—i.e., about 7480 BCE—making it one of the oldest known examples of copper extraction in the world. The earliest evidence of the cold-hammering of native copper comes from the excavation at Çayönü Tepesi in eastern Anatolia, which dates be... | 0 | Metallurgy |
However, this system of calculation gives only the mass of pure gold contained in an alloy. The term 18-karat gold means that the alloys mass consists of 75% of gold and 25% of other metals. The quantity of gold by volume' in a less-than-24-karat gold alloy differs according to the alloys used. For example, knowing tha... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In colloidal chemistry, flocculation is a process by which colloidal particles come out of suspension to sediment in the form of floc or flake, either spontaneously or due to the addition of a clarifying agent. The action differs from precipitation in that, prior to flocculation, colloids are merely suspended, under th... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In bacteria, the promoter contains two short sequence elements approximately 10 (Pribnow Box) and 35 nucleotides upstream from the transcription start site.
* The sequence at -10 (the -10 element) has the consensus sequence TATAAT.
* The sequence at -35 (the -35 element) has the consensus sequence TTGACA.
* The above c... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The common technique of cleaning silverware by immersion of the silver or sterling silver (or even just silver plated objects) and a piece of aluminium (foil is preferred because of its much greater surface area than that of ingots, although if the foil has a "non-stick" face, this must be removed with steel wool first... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Sensitive electronic equipment are vulnerable to interference and unauthorized surveillance. These products also require protection from high voltages. Radio frequency (RF) shielding can address these issues by reducing the transmission of electric or magnetic fields from one space to another.
Copper is an excellent ma... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Complex metallic alloys is an umbrella term for intermetallic compounds with a relatively large unit cell. There is no precise definition of how large the unit cell of a complex metallic alloy has to be, but the broadest definition includes Zintl phases, skutterudites, and Heusler compounds on the most simple end, and... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Polymerase III terminates transcription at small polyUs stretch (5-6). In eukaryotes, a hairpin loop is not required, but may enhance termination efficiency in humans. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it was found that termination of transcription occurred in the sequence T7GT6 and was progressive. The presence of transcri... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The second generation of mTOR inhibitors is known as ATP-competitive mTOR kinase inhibitors. mTORC1/mTORC2 dual inhibitors such as torin-1, torin-2 and vistusertib, are designed to compete with ATP in the catalytic site of mTOR. They inhibit all of the kinase-dependent functions of mTORC1 and mTORC2 and block the feedb... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGF-R) are cell surface tyrosine kinase receptors for members of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family. PDGF subunits -A and -B are important factors regulating cell proliferation, cellular differentiation, cell growth, development and many diseases including cancer... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
A structural gene is a gene that codes for any RNA or protein product other than a regulatory factor (i.e. regulatory protein). A term derived from the lac operon, structural genes are typically viewed as those containing sequences of DNA corresponding to the amino acids of a protein that will be produced, as long as s... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The silicothermic reduction of dolomite was first developed by Amati in 1938 at the University of Padua. Immediately afterward, an industrial production was established in Bolzano (Italy), using what is now better known as the Bolzano process.
A few years later in 1939, when Canada and its allies entered WW2, they were... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In 1787, part-time chemist Carl Axel Arrhenius found a heavy black rock in an old quarry near the Swedish village of Ytterby (now part of the Stockholm Archipelago). Thinking it was an unknown mineral containing the newly discovered element tungsten, he named it ytterbite and sent samples to various chemists for analys... | 0 | Metallurgy |
A subgenomic promoter is a promoter added to a virus for a specific heterologous gene, resulting in the formation of mRNA for that gene alone. Many positive-sense RNA viruses produce these subgenomic mRNAs (sgRNA) as one of the common infection techniques used by these viruses and generally transcribe late viral genes.... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Another drug delivery system that has shown potential for chemotactic applicability is protocells. In general, protocells are artificial cells that mimic living cells but cannot reproduce and have genetic mutations like living cells do. Moreover, protocells combine the advantages of liposomes with that of mesoporous si... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Transcription regulation at about 60% of promoters is controlled by methylation of cytosines within CpG dinucleotides (where 5’ cytosine is followed by 3’ guanine or CpG sites). 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) is a methylated form of the DNA base cytosine (see Figure). 5-mC is an epigenetic marker found predominantly within ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
*AMPP Annual Conference
*Area Conferences
*Coatings+ (will retire after 2021)
*CORROSION (will retire after 2022) | 0 | Metallurgy |
The lost-wax technique came to be known in the Mediterranean during the Bronze Age. It was a major metalworking technique utilized in the ancient Mediterranean world, notably during the Classical period of Greece for large-scale bronze statuary and in the Roman world.
Direct imitations and local derivations of Oriental... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Anodizing can produce yellowish integral colours without dyes if it is carried out in weak acids with high voltages, high current densities, and strong refrigeration. Shades of colour are restricted to a range which includes pale yellow, gold, deep bronze, brown, grey, and black. Some advanced variations can produce a ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Vacuum metallurgy is the field of materials technology that deals with making, shaping, or treating metals in a controlled atmosphere, at pressures significantly less than normal atmospheric pressure. The purpose of vacuum metallurgy is to prevent contamination of metal by gases in the atmosphere. Alternatively, in som... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Properly designed copper roofs minimize movements due to thermal changes. Coppers low thermal expansion, 40% less than zinc and lead, helps to prevent deterioration and failure. Also, coppers high melting point ensures that it will not creep or stretch as some other metals do.
On small gable roofs, thermal movement is ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
(AD 800/900–1450)
Utilitarian and ceremonial objects; objects of personal adornment
#Amapa, Nayarit
#Apatzingán, Michoacán
#Atoyac, Jalisco
#Cojumatlán, Michoacán
#Coyuca de Catalán, Guerrero
#Culiacán, Sinaloa
#Jiquilpan, Michoacán
#Peñitas, Nayarit
#Río Balsas, Guerrero
#Tancitaro, Michoacán
#Telpalcátepec, Michoacán... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The acetyltransferase activity and cellular location of PCAF are regulated through acetylation of PCAF itself. PCAF may be autoacetylated (acetylated by itself) or by p300. Acetylation leads to migration to the nucleus and enhances its acetyltransferase activity. PCAF interacts with and is deacetylated by HDAC3, leadin... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
If chloride ions have penetrated beyond the surface more rigorous treatment is required.
This typically involves soaking in acetone to displace any water in the specimen. Then soaking in a benzotriazole (BTA)–ethanol solution to chelate the copper and make it unreactive. Pits and holes may be filled with zinc powder, w... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Non-Smad signaling proteins contribute to the responses of the TGF-β pathway in three ways. First, non-Smad signaling pathways phosphorylate the Smads. Second, Smads directly signal to other pathways by communicating directly with other signaling proteins, such as kinases. Finally, the TGF-β receptors directly phosphor... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Sulfur concrete, sometimes named thioconcrete or sulfurcrete, is a composite construction material, composed mainly of sulfur and aggregate (generally a coarse aggregate made of gravel or crushed rocks and a fine aggregate such as sand). Cement and water, important compounds in normal concrete, are not part of sulfur c... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Earl Sutherland of Vanderbilt University won a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1971 "for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones", especially epinephrine, via second messengers (such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cyclic AMP). | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Several sets of data can be collected during the experimental process of smelting including fuel consumption rates, the effects of variation in furnace airflow,
temperatures, production time, and chemical composition. | 0 | Metallurgy |
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