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Kazzinc selected the copper ISASMELT process for its Ust-Kamenogorsk metallurgical complex. It is designed to treat 290,000 t/y of copper concentrate and was commissioned in 2011. A projected capital cost for the smelter and refinery in 2006 was US$178 million. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Pressure oxidation is a process for extracting gold from refractory ore.
The most common refractory ores are pyrite and arsenopyrite, which are sulfide ores that trap the gold within them. Refractory ores require pre-treatment before the gold can be adequately extracted. The pressure oxidation process is used to prepar... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Elgiloy (Co-Cr-Ni Alloy) is a "super-alloy" consisting of 39-41% cobalt, 19-21% chromium, 14-16% nickel, 11.3-20.5% iron, 6-8% molybdenum, 1.5-2.5% manganese and 0.15% max. carbon.
It is used to make springs that are corrosion resistant and exhibit high strength, ductility, and good fatigue life. These same properties ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In bacteria, the coding regions typically take up 88% of the genome. The remaining 12% does not encode proteins, but much of it still has biological function through genes where the RNA transcript is functional (non-coding genes) and regulatory sequences, which means that almost all of the bacterial genome has a functi... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a kinase that (similar to mTOR) can phosphorylate KAP1 resulting in the switch from viral latency to the lytic cycle. Chloroquine (an ATM) activator has been shown to result in increases in transcription of the HCMV genome. This effect is augmented by the use of tumor necrosis f... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Canonical bases may have either a carbonyl or an amine group on the carbons surrounding the nitrogen atom furthest away from the glycosidic bond, which allows them to base pair (Watson-Crick base pairing) via hydrogen bonds (amine with ketone, purine with pyrimidine). Adenine and 2-aminoadenine have one/two amine group... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The efficiency of the blast furnace was improved by the change to hot blast, patented by James Beaumont Neilson in Scotland in 1828. This further reduced production costs. Within a few decades, the practice was to have a stove as large as the furnace next to it into which the waste gas (containing CO) from the furnac... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Involved in the earliest step for the formation of the active cleavage complex, the CFIm complex is formed by three proteins of 25, 59 and 68 kDa, respectively:
*CFIm25 (or CPSF5/NUDT21)
*CFIm59 (or CPSF7)
*CFIm68 (or CPSF6)
CFIm25 and CFIm68 are sufficient for the activity of the complex, proving the expected redundan... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
There is significant overlap in function with regards to some of these proteins. In particular, the Rho-related genes are important in nuclear trafficking (i.e.: mitosis) as well as with mobility along the cytoskeleton in general. These genes of particular interest in cancer research.
*ARHGAP35
*ARHGAP5
*ARHGDIA
*... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
G proteins are important signal transducing molecules in cells. "Malfunction of GPCR [G Protein-Coupled Receptor] signaling pathways are involved in many diseases, such as diabetes, blindness, allergies, depression, cardiovascular defects, and certain forms of cancer. It is estimated that about 30% of the modern drugs'... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
* Relatively low array size: Although it has the potential to use an increased amount of dyes to generate millions of different array elements, the current generation of commercially available microsphere arrays (from Luminex xMAP technology) only uses two sets of dyes and therefore can only detect ~100 targets per exp... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The phenotype of each individual is modeled as the gene expression pattern at time . It is represented by a state vector in this model.
whose element denotes the expression state of gene i at time t. In the original Wagner model,
where 1 represents the gene is expressed while -1 implies the gene is not expressed. T... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Editing is differentially expressed in the cerebellum and cortex. This regulation is also present in mice suggesting conservation of editing regulation. No editing has been detected in human lung, heart, kidney or spleen tissue. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The methods used for small parts and jewellery vary somewhat from those used for sculpture. A wax model is obtained either from injection into a rubber mould or by being custom-made by carving. The wax or waxes are sprued and fused onto a rubber base, called a "sprue base". Then a metal flask, which resembles a short l... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The galvanic series (or electropotential series) determines the nobility of metals and semi-metals. When two metals are submerged in an electrolyte, while also electrically connected by some external conductor, the less noble (base) will experience galvanic corrosion. The rate of corrosion is determined by the electrol... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The nuclear genetic code is flexible as illustrated by variant genetic codes that reassign standard stop codons to amino acids. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Both TLR3 and TLR4 use the TRIF-dependent pathway, which is triggered by dsRNA and LPS, respectively. For TLR3, dsRNA leads to activation of the receptor, recruiting the adaptor TRIF. TRIF activates the kinases TBK1 and RIPK1, which creates a branch in the signaling pathway. The TRIF/TBK1 signaling complex phosphorylat... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The brief existence of an mRNA molecule begins with transcription, and ultimately ends in degradation. During its life, an mRNA molecule may also be processed, edited, and transported prior to translation. Eukaryotic mRNA molecules often require extensive processing and transport, while prokaryotic mRNA molecules do no... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Bulk metallic glasses have been modeled using atomic scale simulations (within the density functional theory framework) in a similar manner to high entropy alloys. This has allowed predictions to be made about their behavior, stability and many more properties. As such, new bulk metallic glass systems can be tested an... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Research on paracrine signaling through the JAK-STAT pathway revealed its potential in activating invasive behavior of ovarian epithelial cells. This epithelial to mesenchymal transition is highly evident in metastasis. Paracrine signaling through the JAK-STAT pathway is necessary in the transition from stationary epit... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Non-metallic inclusions are chemical compounds and nonmetals that are present in steel and other alloys. They are the product of chemical reactions, physical effects, and contamination that occurs during the melting and pouring process. These inclusions are categorized by origin as either endogenous or exogenous. Endog... | 0 | Metallurgy |
C/EBPβ levels are increased in cortical samples of Alzheimers and Parkinsons disease victims at autopsy. Cell culture studies in mice and human microglia lines also find increased C/EBPβ activity associated with pathogenic inflammation and cytokine responses. Downstream analysis of genes regulated by C/EBPβ have signif... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
This book describes how an official, the Bergmeister, is in charge of mining. He marks out the land into areas called meers when a vein is discovered. The rest of the book covers the laws of mining. There is a section on how the mine can be divided into shares. The roles of various other officials in regulating mines a... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Transcriptome-wide analysis of alternative splicing is typically performed by high-throughput RNA-sequencing. Most commonly, by short-read sequencing, such as by Illumina instrumentation. But even more informative, by long-read sequencing, such as by Nanopore or PacBio instrumentation. Transcriptome-wide analyses can f... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Ectopic is a word used with a prefix ecto-, meaning “out of”, and the suffix -topic, meaning "place." Ectopic expression is an abnormal gene expression in a cell type, tissue type, or developmental stage in which the gene is not usually expressed. The term ectopic expression is predominantly used in studies using metaz... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Archaeological evidence indicates that the earliest metal objects in China were made in the late fourth millennium BCE. Copper was generally the earliest metal to be used by humanity, and was used in China since at least 3000 BCE.
Early metal-using communities have been found at the Qijia and Siba sites in Gansu. The m... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Material is put on a sinter machine in two layers. The bottom layer may vary in thickness from . A 12 to 20 mm sinter fraction is used, also referred to as the hearth layer. The second, covering layer consists of mixed materials, making for a total bed height of . The mixed materials are applied with drum feeders and r... | 0 | Metallurgy |
A number of proteins are known to be associated with TAD formation including the protein CTCF and the protein complex cohesin. It is also unknown what components are required at TAD boundaries; however, in mammalian cells, it has been shown that these boundary regions have comparatively high levels of CTCF binding. In ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
* Carbon steel is often divided into two main categories: low-carbon steel and high-carbon steel.
* Carbon steel may also contain other elements, such as manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon, which can affect its properties.
* Carbon steel can be easily machined and welded, making it versatile for various applica... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In metallurgy, selective leaching, also called dealloying, demetalification, parting and selective corrosion, is a corrosion type in some solid solution alloys, when in suitable conditions a component of the alloys is preferentially leached from the initially homogenous material. The less noble metal is removed from th... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Microarray data sets are commonly very large, and analytical precision is influenced by a number of variables. Statistical challenges include taking into account effects of background noise and appropriate normalization of the data. Normalization methods may be suited to specific platforms and, in the case of commercia... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Although the possibility of function in gene deserts was predicted as early as the 1960s, genetic identification tools were unable to uncover any specific characteristics of the long noncoding regions, other than that no coding occurred in those regions. Before the completion of the human genome in 2001 through the Hum... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Flotation processes are described in ancient Greek and Persian literature. During the late 19th century, the process basics were discovered through a slow evolutionary phase. During the first decade of the 20th century, a more rapid investigation of oils, froths, and agitation led to proven workplace applications, espe... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The Antique Gas & Steam Engine Museum (AGSEM) is a living history museum founded in 1969. It is located on of county-owned land at 2040 N Santa Fe Ave. on the outskirts of Vista, California. The museum is a non-profit 501c(3) organization, run by several paid employees along with volunteer help.
The museum is open a... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Small activating Ribonucleic acids (saRNAs) are small double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) that target gene promoters to induce transcriptional gene activation in a process known as RNA activation (RNAa).
Small dsRNAs, such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), are known to be the trigger of an evolutiona... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In vertebrates, calcium ions, like many other ions, are of such vital importance to many physiological processes that its concentration is maintained within specific limits to ensure adequate homeostasis. This is evidenced by human plasma calcium, which is one of the most closely regulated physiological variables in th... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The ambush hypothesis is a hypothesis in the field of molecular genetics that suggests that the prevalence of “hidden” or off-frame stop codons in DNA selectively deters off-frame translation of mRNA to save energy, molecular resources, and to reduce strain on biosynthetic machinery by truncating the production of non-... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Up-regulated expression of genes in mammals is initiated when signals are transmitted to the promoters associated with the genes. Promoter DNA sequences may include different elements such as CpG islands (present in about 70% of promoters), a TATA box (present in about 24% of promoters), initiator (Inr) (present in abo... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In genetics, an operon is a functioning unit of DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter. The genes are transcribed together into an mRNA strand and either translated together in the cytoplasm, or undergo splicing to create monocistronic mRNAs that are translated separately, i.e. several... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The local solidification time can be calculated using Chvorinov's rule, which is:
Where t is the solidification time, V is the volume of the casting, A is the surface area of the casting that contacts the mold, n is a constant, and B is the mold constant. It is most useful in determining if a riser will solidify before... | 0 | Metallurgy |
As other species of sulfur at intermediate oxidation state, such as thiosulfate, tetrathionate can be responsible for the pitting corrosion of carbon steel and stainless steel.
Tetrathionate has also been found to serve as a terminal electron acceptor for Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, whereas existing thios... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The metals of antiquity are the seven metals which humans had identified and found use for in prehistoric times in Africa, Europe and throughout Asia: gold, silver, copper, tin, lead, iron, and mercury. These seven are the metals from which the classical world was forged.
Zinc, arsenic, and antimony were also known dur... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Since the outer conductor layer is low-impedance copper, and only the center is higher impedance steel, the skin effect gives RF transmission lines with heavy copper-cladding a low impedance at high frequencies, equivalent to that of a solid copper wire.
Tensile strength of copper-clad steel conductors is greater than ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Amalgamation with mercury can be used to recover very small gold particles, and mercury is still widely used in small-scale artisanal mining across the world. Mercury forms a mercury-gold amalgam with smaller gold particles, and then the gold is concentrated by boiling away the mercury from the amalgam. This is effecti... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Copper does not require complex ventilation measures. It is suitable for both unventilated warm and ventilated cold roof constructions. | 0 | Metallurgy |
For cases where a very strong mechanical bond is required (such as for components that are going to be used to machine with) the components surface is often machined to create grooves for the coating to bond to. Dovetail grooves offer strong positive bonding but can be laboursome and costly. A cheaper method is to cut ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
This is a class of casting processes that use pattern materials that evaporate during the pour, which means there is no need to remove the pattern material from the mold before casting. The two main processes are lost-foam casting and full-mold casting. | 0 | Metallurgy |
From the start Fulmer was a commercial enterprise aiming to make a surplus for investment in its own development. It received no grant or membership fees. Its income was solely from projects, each with defined objectives and time and cost limits agreed with individual sponsors from Government or Industry. Normally, t... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The three prime untranslated regions (3UTRs) of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) often contain regulatory sequences that post-transcriptionally cause gene silencing. Such 3-UTRs often contain both binding sites for microRNAs (miRNAs) as well as for regulatory proteins. By binding to specific sites within the 3-UTR, a large numbe... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The regulation of transcription by enhancers has been studied since the 1980s. Large or multi-component transcription regulators with a range of mechanistic properties, including locus control regions, clustered open regulatory elements, and transcription initiation platforms, were observed shortly thereafter. More rec... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Cancer is not just one disease but a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth and metastasis of such cells to other body parts. There are also several types of cancers, each with its own distinctive characteristics and stages that may require different treatment or targeted drug delivery approaches. Yet, even t... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Silicon carbide is an important material in TRISO-coated fuel particles, the type of nuclear fuel found in high temperature gas cooled reactors such as the Pebble Bed Reactor. A layer of silicon carbide gives coated fuel particles structural support and is the main diffusion barrier to the release of fission products.
... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In order to terminate the integrated stress response, dephosphorylation of eIF2α is required. The protein phosphatase 1 complex (PP1) aids in the dephosphorylation of eIF2α. This complex contains a PP1 catalytic subunit as well as two regulatory subunits. This complex is negatively regulated by two proteins: growth arr... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The noncanonical Wnt/Ca pathway regulates intracellular calcium levels. Again Wnt binds and activates to Frizzled. In this case however activated Frizzled causes a coupled G-protein to activate a phospholipase (PLC), which interacts with and splits PIP into DAG and IP. IP can then bind to a receptor on the endoplasmic ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Because of the way ESTs are sequenced, many distinct expressed sequence tags are often partial sequences that correspond to the same mRNA of an organism. In an effort to reduce the number of expressed sequence tags for downstream gene discovery analyses, several groups assembled expressed sequence tags into EST contigs... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Members of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) protein family are intracellular transcription factors that mediate many aspects of cellular immunity, proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. They are primarily activated by membrane receptor-associated Janus kinases (JAK). Dysregulation of t... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In the solvent extraction a mixture of an extractant in a diluent is used to extract a metal from one phase to another. In solvent extraction this mixture is often referred to as the "organic" because the main constituent (diluent) is some type of oil.
The PLS (pregnant leach solution) is mixed to emulsification with ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The CC chemokine (or β-chemokine) proteins have two adjacent cysteines (amino acids), near their amino terminus.
There have been at least 27 distinct members of this subgroup reported for mammals, called CC chemokine ligands (CCL)-1 to -28; CCL10 is the same as CCL9. Chemokines of this subfamily usually contain four c... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In the Old World, the first metals smelted were tin and lead. The earliest known cast lead beads were found in the Çatalhöyük site in Anatolia (Turkey), and dated from about 6500 BC, but the metal may have been known earlier.
Since the discovery happened several millennia before the invention of writing, there is no wr... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Mechanical spalling occurs at high-stress contact points, for example, in a ball bearing. Spalling occurs in preference to brinelling, where the maximal shear stress occurs not at the surface, but just below, shearing the spall off.
One of the simplest forms of mechanical spalling is plate impact, in which two waves of... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The Bolzano process is a means to reduce magnesium to metallic form. "Dolomite-ferrosilicon briquettes are stacked on a special charge support system through which internal electric heating is conducted to the charge. A complete reaction takes 20 to 24 hours at 1,200 °C."
In 2014, Brazilian operations produced 10-15 ki... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Different mRNAs within the same cell have distinct lifetimes (stabilities). In bacterial cells, individual mRNAs can survive from seconds to more than an hour. However, the lifetime averages between 1 and 3 minutes, making bacterial mRNA much less stable than eukaryotic mRNA. In mammalian cells, mRNA lifetimes range fr... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Thermal Integrity Profiling (TIP) is a non-destructive testing method used to evaluate the integrity of concrete foundations. It is standardized by [http://www.astm.org/Standards/D7949.htm?A ASTM D7949 - Standard Test Methods for Thermal Integrity Profiling of Concrete Deep Foundations].
The testing method was first de... | 0 | Metallurgy |
While only one oxhide ingot fragment has been recovered from Egypt (in the context of a LBA smelting workshop), there is a wide array of painted scenes in Egypt that show oxhide ingots. The earliest scene dates to the 15th century BC and the latest scene to the 12th century BC. The ingots display their typical four pro... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Block kriging is the most common geostatistical method used for interpolating metallurgical index parameters and it is often applied on a domain basis. Classical geostatistics require that the estimation variable be additive, and there is currently some debate on the additive nature of the metallurgical index paramet... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Bacteria themselves do not have noticeable effect on concrete. However, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in untreated sewage water tend to produce hydrogen sulfide (HS), which is then oxidized in sulfuric acid (HSO) by atmospheric oxygen (abiotic reaction) and by aerobic bacteria present in biofilm (biotic reaction) on... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The Kirkendall effect is the motion of the interface between two metals that occurs as a consequence of the difference in diffusion rates of the metal atoms. The effect can be observed for example by placing insoluble markers at the interface between a pure metal and an alloy containing that metal, and heating to a tem... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Direct reduction processes were developed to overcome the difficulties of conventional blast furnaces. DRI plants need not be part of an integrated steel plant, as is characteristic of blast furnaces. The initial capital investment and operating costs of direct reduction plants are lower than integrated steel plants an... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The PELP1 protein encodes a protein of 1130 amino acids, and exhibits both cytoplasmic and nuclear localization depending on the tissue. PELP1 lacks known enzymatic activity and functions as a scaffolding protein. It contains 10 NR-interacting boxes (LXXLL motifs) and functions as a coregulator of several nuclear recep... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Baculovirus-infected insect cells (Sf9, Sf21, High Five strains) or mammalian cells (HeLa, HEK 293) allow production of glycosylated or membrane proteins that cannot be produced using fungal or bacterial systems. It is useful for production of proteins in high quantity. Genes are not expressed continuously because infe... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The strength of a synapse has been defined by Bernard Katz as the product of (presynaptic) release probability pr, quantal size q (the postsynaptic response to the release of a single neurotransmitter vesicle, a quantum), and n, the number of release sites. "Unitary connection" usually refers to an unknown number of in... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
During extraction of the oil from oil sand, tailings consisting of water, silt, clays and other solvents are also created. This solid will become mature fine tailings by gravity. Foght et al (1985) estimated that there are 10 anaerobic heterotrophs and 10 sulfate-reducing prokaryotes per milliliter in the tailings pond... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Leaching involves the use of aqueous solutions to extract metal from metal-bearing materials which are brought into contact with them. In China in the 11th and 12th centuries, this technique was used to extract copper; this was used for much of the total copper production. In the 17th century it was used for the same p... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Mechanical clock mechanisms are sensitive to temperature changes as each part has tiny tolerance and it leads to errors in time keeping. A bimetallic strip is used to compensate this phenomenon in the mechanism of some timepieces. The most common method is to use a bimetallic construction for the circular rim of the ba... | 0 | Metallurgy |
While the cytosolic fermentation pathway of lactate is well established, a novel feature of the lactate shuttle hypothesis is the oxidation of lactate in the mitochondria. Baba and Sherma (1971) were the first to identify the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the mitochondrial inner membrane and matrix of rat skele... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Ca ions are an essential component of plant cell walls and cell membranes, and are used as cations to balance organic anions in the plant vacuole. The Ca concentration of the vacuole may reach millimolar levels. The most striking use of Ca ions as a structural element in algae occurs in the marine coccolithophores, w... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Superconductivity in UPdAl has a critical temperature of 2.0K and a critical field around 3T. The critical field does not show anisotropy despite the hexagonal crystal structure.
For heavy-fermion superconductors it is generally believed that the coupling mechanism cannot be phononic in nature. In contrast to many othe... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In the basic electroforming process, an electrolytic bath is used to deposit nickel or other electroformable metal onto a conductive surface of a model (mandrel). Once the deposited material has been built up to the desired thickness, the electroform is parted from the substrate. This process allows precise replicati... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Unlike the proofreading mechanisms of DNA polymerase those of RNAP have only recently been investigated. Proofreading begins with separation of the mis-incorporated nucleotide from the DNA template. This pauses transcription. The polymerase then backtracks by one position and cleaves the dinucleotide that contains the ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In humans, DNA methylation occurs at the 5′ position of the pyrimidine ring of the cytosine residues within CpG sites to form 5-methylcytosines. The presence of multiple methylated CpG sites in CpG islands of promoters causes stable inhibition (silencing) of genes. Silencing of transcription of a gene may be initiate... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
A transcript is an RNA molecule that is copied or transcribed from a DNA template. A transcript can be further processed by alternative splicing, which is the retention of different combinations of exons. These unique combinations of exons are termed RNA transcript isoforms. The transcriptome is a set of all RNA, inclu... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The LHCGR consists of 674 amino acids and has a molecular mass of about 85–95 kDA based on the extent of glycosylation.
Like other GPCRs, the LHCG receptor possess seven membrane-spanning domains or transmembrane helices. The extracellular domain of the receptor is heavily glycosylated. These transmembrane domains co... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The Human-transcriptome DataBase for Alternative Splicing (H-DBAS) is a database of alternatively spliced human transcripts based on H-Invitational. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Studies have reported that: 1) the levels of CMTM5-v1 in the malignant tissues of patients with prostate cancer are lower than the levels in their nearby normal prostate gland tissues as well as in the tissues of patients with benign prostate hyperplasia; 2) patients with lower prostate cancer tissue levels of CMTM5-v... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Sibelektroterm () is a manufacturing company in Kirovsky District of Novosibirsk, Russia. It was founded in 1945. The enterprise is a developer and manufacturer of electrometallurgical equipment. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Current research related to VMAT uses VMAT2 knockout mice to explore the behavioral genetics of this transporter in an animal model. VMAT2 knockouts are known to be lethal as homozygotes, but heterozygote knockouts are not lethal and are used in many studies as a durable animal model.
From knockout and knockdown mice, ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Micro RNAs are involved in regulating the expression of many proteins. Med1 is targeted by miR-1, which is important in gene regulation in cancers. The tumor suppressor miR-137 also regulates MED1. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Historically, the reduction of iron ore without smelting is the oldest process for obtaining steel. Low-temperature furnaces, unable to reach the melting temperatures of iron alloys, produce a burr, a heterogeneous agglomerate of metallic iron more or less impregnated with carbon, gangue, and charcoal. This process was... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Gag/pol translational readthrough site (or Retroviral readthrough element) is a cis-regulatory element found in retroviruses. The readthrough site facilitates the mechanism of translation readthrough of the stop codon at the gag-pol junction producing the gag and pol fusion protein in certain retroviruses.
Retroviruses... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Certain combinations of alloys have become popular as industry standards. Selection of the combination is driven by cost, availability, convenience, melting point, chemical properties, stability, and output. Different types are best suited for different applications. They are usually selected on the basis of the temper... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Ferrosilicon is an alloy of iron and silicon with a typical silicon content by weight of 15–90%. It contains a high proportion of iron silicides. | 0 | Metallurgy |
The hardness of a material can be measured in many ways. The Knoop hardness test, a method of microindentation hardness, is the most reproducible for dense ceramics. The Vickers hardness test and superficial Rockwell scales (e.g., 45N) can also be used, but tend to cause more surface damage than Knoop. The Brinell t... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The synapse contains at least two clusters of synaptic vesicles, the readily releasable pool and the reserve pool. The readily releasable pool is located within the active zone and connected directly to the presynaptic membrane while the reserve pool is clustered by cytoskeletal and is not directly connected to the ac... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Oxhide ingots are heavy (20–30 kg) metal slabs, usually of copper but sometimes of tin, produced and widely distributed during the Mediterranean Late Bronze Age (LBA). Their shape resembles the hide of an ox with a protruding handle in each of the ingot’s four corners. Early thought was that each ingot was equivalent t... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Pregnant leach solution or pregnant liquor solution (PLS) is acidic metal-laden water generated from stockpile leaching and heap leaching. Pregnant leach solution is used in the solvent extraction and electrowinning (SX/EW) process.
The portion of an original liquid that remains after other components have been dissolv... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Using a thin coat of polish can prevent tarnish from forming over these metals. Tarnish can be removed by using steel wool, sandpaper, emery paper, baking soda or a file to rub or polish the metal's dull surface. Fine objects (such as silverware) may have the tarnish electrochemically reversed (non-destructively) by r... | 0 | Metallurgy |
It is sometimes desirable to chemically alter the surface of copper or copper alloys to create a different color. The most common colors produced are brown or statuary finishes for brass or bronze and green or patina finishes for copper. Mechanical surface treatments, chemical coloring, and coatings are described elsew... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Some coactivators indirectly regulate gene expression by binding to an activator and inducing a conformational change that then allows the activator to bind to the DNA enhancer or promoter sequence. Once the activator-coactivator complex binds to the enhancer, RNA polymerase II and other general transcription machinery... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The acronym prefix "R.A." is sometimes pronounced as the one syllable word "ray" because of the plot's strong resemblance to a geometric ray. This characteristic arrow-like shape derives from two key features: on the right at the vector origin, a long asymptotic tail, and on the left (forming the arrow head) two (oft... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Stresses higher than anticipated can also accelerate rolling contact fatigue, which is a known precursor to WECs. WECs commence at subsurface during the initial phases of their formation, particularly at non-metallic inclusions. As the sliding contact period extended, these cracks extended from the subsurface region to... | 0 | Metallurgy |
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