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Alexander Lyman Holley contributed significantly to the success of Bessemer steel in the United States. His A Treatise on Ordnance and Armor is an important work on contemporary weapons manufacturing and steel-making practices. In 1862, he visited Bessemers Sheffield works, and became interested in licensing the proces... | 0 | Metallurgy |
UIT enables life extension of steel bridges. This technique has been employed in numerous US states as well as other nations. The result is a greatly reduced cost of infrastructure. UIT has been certified for this use by AASHTO.
The use of UIT on draglines and other heavy equipment in the mining industry has resulted i... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The frequency of introns within different genomes is observed to vary widely across the spectrum of biological organisms. For example, introns are extremely common within the nuclear genome of jawed vertebrates (e.g. humans, mice, and pufferfish (fugu)), where protein-coding genes almost always contain multiple introns... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Casting is a solidification process, which means the solidification phenomenon controls most of the properties of the casting. Moreover, most of the casting defects occur during solidification, such as gas porosity and solidification shrinkage.
Solidification occurs in two steps: nucleation and crystal growth. In the n... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Similar mechanism of action for enhancer-blocking insulators; chromatin loop domains are formed in the nucleus that separates the enhancer and the promoter of a target gene. Loop domains are formed through the interaction between enhancer-blocking elements interacting with each other or securing chromatin fibre to stru... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The metals involved in a bimetallic strip can vary in composition so long as their thermal expansion coefficients differ. The metal of lower thermal expansion coefficient is sometimes called the passive metal, while the other is called the active metal. Copper, steel, brass, iron, and nickel are commonly used metals in... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Countertop components fabricated out of granite and other natural stones are sometimes reinforced with metal rods inserted into grooves cut into the underside of the stone, and bonded in place with various resins. This procedure is called "rodding" by countertop fabricators. Most commonly, these rods will be placed n... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The LPB process includes a unique and patented way of analyzing, designing, and testing metallic components in order to develop the unique metal treatment necessary to improve performance and reduce metal fatigue, SCC, and corrosion fatigue failures. Lambda modifies the process and tooling for each component to provid... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The adaptor protein Grb2 forms a complex with Sos by the Grb2 SH3 domain. Grb2 (or the Grb2/Sos complex) is recruited to the membrane by the Grb2 SH2 domain binding to activated PDGFR-bound SHP2 (also known as PTPN11, a cytosolic PTP), thereby allowing interaction with Ras and the exchange of GDP for GTP on Ras. Wher... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
PKA is also commonly known as cAMP-dependent protein kinase, because it has traditionally been thought to be activated through release of the catalytic subunits when levels of the second messenger called cyclic adenosine monophosphate, or cAMP, rise in response to a variety of signals. However, recent studies evaluatin... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Regions of the short arm of chromosome 8 are frequently deleted in a range of solid tumors, indicating that tumor suppressor genes reside at these loci. Caldwell et al. have shown frequent interstitial deletions in a series of prostate cancers, squamous cell head and neck cancers and colorectal carcinomas. There was a... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The affinity of an antagonist for its binding site (K), i.e. its ability to bind to a receptor, will determine the duration of inhibition of agonist activity. The affinity of an antagonist can be determined experimentally using Schild regression or for competitive antagonists in radioligand binding studies using the Ch... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
On April 17, 2005, the Millstone Nuclear Power Plant in Connecticut was shut down due to a "false alarm" that indicated an unsafe pressure drop in the reactor's steam system when the steam pressure was actually nominal. The false alarm was caused by a tin whisker that short circuited the logic board responsible for mon... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In Alabama, industrialization was generating a ravenous appetite for the states coal and iron ore. Production was booming, and unions were attempting to organize unincarcerated miners. Convicts provided an ideal captive work force: cheap, usually docile, unable to organize and available when unincarcerated laborers wen... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The beginning of the 1970s saw the first investigations of the effects of pulsed laser irradiation within the target material. L. I. Mirkin observed twinning in ferrite grains in steel under the crater created by laser irradiation in vacuum. S. A. Metz and F. A. Smidt, Jr. irradiated nickel and vanadium foils in air wi... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The proposed mechanism of how this mRNA secondary structure and the trp leader peptide could regulate transcription of the trp biosynthetic enzymes includes the following.
*RNAP initiates transcription of the trp promoter.
*RNAP pauses at about nucleotide 90 at a secondary structure (?the first one shown above?).
*Ribo... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
A durable plaster intermediate is often used as a stage toward the production of a bronze sculpture or as a pointing guide for the creation of a carved stone. With the completion of a plaster, the work is more durable (if stored indoors) than a clay original which must be kept moist to avoid cracking. With the low cost... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Plants have many protection mechanisms to cope with stresses from the environment, which include ultraviolet light, cold or hot weather, windy days, and mechanical wounding. There are multiple pathways, but one pathway that plants have been able to develop is a self-defense mechanism by recognize pathogens through path... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Hot corrosion can affect gas turbines operating in high salt environments (e.g., near the ocean). Salts, including chlorides and sulfates, are ingested by the turbines and deposited in the hot sections of the engine; other elements present in fuels also form salts, e.g. vanadates. The heat from the engine melts these s... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The copper-based and NiTi-based shape-memory alloys are considered to be engineering materials. These compositions can be manufactured to almost any shape and size.
The yield strength of shape-memory alloys is lower than that of conventional steel, but some compositions have a higher yield strength than plastic or alum... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The last model involves transcriptional regulation by eRNAs at distant chromosomal locations. Through the differential recruitment of protein complexes, eRNAs can affect the transcriptional competency of specific loci. Evf-2 represents a good example of such trans regulatory eRNA as it can induce the expression of Dlx2... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The metallothermic reduction of anhydrous rare-earth fluorides to rare-earth metals is also referred to as the Ames process.
The study of rare earths was also advanced during World War II: Synthetic plutonium was believed to be rare-earth-like, it was assumed that knowledge of rare earths would assist in planning for ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Shape-memory alloys have different shape-memory effects. The two common effects are one-way SMA and two-way SMA. A schematic of the effects is shown below.
The procedures are very similar: starting from martensite, adding a deformation, heating the sample and cooling it again. | 0 | Metallurgy |
A bloomery consists of a pit or chimney with heat-resistant walls made of earth, clay, or stone. Near the bottom, one or more pipes (made of clay or metal) enter through the side walls. These pipes, called tuyeres, allow air to enter the furnace, either by natural draught or forced with bellows or a trompe. An opening... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).
Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In order to get a good quality product, removing the inclusion becomes necessary. Liquid metal filtration through a ceramic medium is an efficient way to clean the metal. Different types of ceramic media are used in-line in foundries, such as ceramic foam filters, porous tube filters, bonded ceramic filters, and deep b... | 0 | Metallurgy |
STAT2 has been shown to interact with:
* CREB-binding protein,
* IFNAR1
* IFNAR2,
* IRF9,
* MED14,
* SMARCA4, and
* STAT1. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The tandem affinity purification (TAP) method allows the high-throughput identification of proteins interactions. In contrast with the Y2H approach, the accuracy of the method can be compared to those of small-scale experiments (Collins et al., 2007) and the interactions are detected within the correct cellular environ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The adsorption of particles to bubbles is essential to separating the minerals from the slurry, but the minerals must be purified from the additives used in separation, such as the collectors, frothers, and modifiers. The product of the cleaning, or desorption process, is known as the cleaner concentrate.
The detachmen... | 0 | Metallurgy |
When comparing initiation in eukaryotes to prokaryotes, perhaps one of the first noticeable differences is the use of a larger 80S ribosome. Regulation of this process begins with the supply of methionine by a tRNA anticodon that basepairs AUG. This base pairing comes about by the scanning mechanism that ensues once th... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Noble metals tend to be highly resistant to oxidation and other forms of corrosion, and this corrosion resistance is often considered to be a defining characteristic. Some exceptions are described below.
Copper is dissolved by nitric acid and aqueous potassium cyanide.
Ruthenium can be dissolved in aqua regia, a highl... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Using a glia-conditioned medium to treat glia-free purified rat retinal ganglion microcultures has been shown to significantly increase the number of autapses per neuron compared to a control. This suggests that glia-derived soluble, proteinase K-sensitive factors induce autapse formation in rat retinal ganglion cells. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Modern steel making in India began with the setting of first blast furnace of India at Kulti in 1870 and production began in 1874, which was set up by Bengal Iron Works. The Ordnance Factory Board established Metal & Steel Factory (MSF) at Calcutta, in 1872 The Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) was established by Dor... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In genetics, a silencer is a DNA sequence capable of binding transcription regulation factors, called repressors. DNA contains genes and provides the template to produce messenger RNA (mRNA). That mRNA is then translated into proteins. When a repressor protein binds to the silencer region of DNA, RNA polymerase is pre... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The International Deep Drawing Research Group ([http://www.iddrg.com IDDRG]) focuses on sheet metal research in industry and academia. It was started 1957 as an organization of national groups. The original focus was on the fabrication of cups hence the name Deep Drawing Research Group. At the initial meeting the pur... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The tool has a crucial part to creation of the final product. The tool consists of two main functions:
# Localized heating
# Material flow
The tool at its most simplest form consist of a shoulder, a small cylinder with a diameter of 50 mm, and a pin, a small threaded cylinder similar to a drill. The tool itself has b... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Different types of heterotrimeric G proteins share a common mechanism. They are activated in response to a conformational change in the GPCR, exchanging GDP for GTP, and dissociating in order to activate other proteins in a particular signal transduction pathway. The specific mechanisms, however, differ between protein... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Many coactivators also function as corepressors under certain circumstances. Cofactors such as TAF1 and BTAF1 can initiate transcription in the presence of an activator (act as a coactivator) and repress basal transcription in the absence of an activator (act as a corepressor). | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Faced with competition from cheaper British iron production, the Swedish iron industry needed to find a new cheaper method of making iron. In the 1810s, experiments were made with puddling, but this proved unsatisfactory, as it needed coal of which Sweden had none. After visited Britain, he published a report of his... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In prokaryotes, structural genes of related function are typically adjacent to one another on a single strand of DNA, forming an operon. This permits simpler regulation of gene expression, as a single regulatory factor can affect transcription of all associated genes. This is best illustrated by the well-studied lac op... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
This book describes smelting, which Agricola describes as perfecting the metal by fire. The design of furnaces is first explained.
These are very similar for smelting different metals, constructed of brick or soft stone with a brick front and mechanically driven bellows at the rear. At the front is a pit called the for... | 0 | Metallurgy |
eRNAs are transcribed from DNA sequences upstream and downstream of extragenic enhancer regions. Previously, several model enhancers have demonstrated the capability to directly recruit RNA Pol II and general transcription factors and form the pre-initiation complex (PIC) prior to the transcription start site at the pr... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Three successive generations of the same family all bearing the name Abraham Darby are renowned for their contributions to the development of the English iron industry. Their works at Coalbrookdale in Shropshire nurtured the start of improvements in metallurgy that allowed large-scale production of the iron that made t... | 0 | Metallurgy |
ADP-ribosylation can affect gene expression at nearly every level of regulation, including chromatin organization, transcription factor recruitment and binding, and mRNA processing.
The organization of nucleosomes is key to regulation of gene expression: the spacing and organization of nucleosomes changes what regions ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The majority of eukaryotic genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II, proceeding in the 5 to 3 direction. In eukaryotes, specific subunits within the RNA polymerase II complex allow it to carry out multiple functions. General transcription factors help binding RNA polymerase II to DNA. Promoters are cites where RNA po... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Methods of MAE detection are based on the difference between alleles, which can be distinguished either by the sequence of expressed mRNA or protein structure. Methods of MAE detection can be divided into single gene or whole genome MAE analysis. Whole genome MAE analysis cannot be performed based on protein structure ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Depletion gilding is a decorative process, with no significant industrial applications. It is not widely used in modern times, having been superseded by processes more suited to mass production, such as electroplating. Some individual artisans and small shops continue to practice it.
However, depletion gilding was wide... | 0 | Metallurgy |
* Ciliata: Oxytricha and Stylonychia, Paramecium, Tetrahymena, Oxytrichidae and probably Glaucoma chattoni.
* Dasycladaceae: Acetabularia, and Batophora.
* Diplomonadida: Hexamita inflata, Diplomonadida ATCC50330, and ATCC50380. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In 1960 Almin was bought by Imperial Aluminium Company (Impalco), a company formed between the Aluminium Company of America (Alcoa) and Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) which incorporated the whole of ICIs aluminium facilities. Impalcos primary interest in buying Almin was to acquire the facilities of International A... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Since cyclic AMP is a second messenger and plays vital role in cell signalling, it has been implicated in various disorders but not restricted to the roles given below: | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
STAT5 has been found to be constitutively phosphorylated in cancer cells, implying that the protein is always present in its active form. This constant activation is brought about either by mutations or by aberrant expressions of cell signalling, resulting in poor regulation, or complete lack of control, of the activat... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In the early to mid-1850s, the American inventor William Kelly experimented with a method similar to the Bessemer process. Wagner
writes that Kelly may have been inspired by techniques introduced by Chinese ironworkers hired by Kelly in 1854. The claim that both Kelly and Bessemer invented the same process remains cont... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Chakrabarti (1976) has identified six early iron-using centres in India: Baluchistan, the Northwest, the Indo-Gangetic divide and the upper Gangetic valley, eastern India, Malwa and Berar in central India and the megalithic south India. The central Indian region seems to be the earliest iron-using centre.
According to ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The proopiomelanocortin gene (POMC) is expressed in the hypothalamus, in the pituitary gland. It yields a range of biologically active peptides and hormones and undergoes tissue-specific posttranslational processing to yield a range of biologically active peptides producing adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), b-endorph... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Index inducer or just inducer predictably induce metabolism via a given pathway and are commonly used in prospective clinical drug-drug interaction studies.
Strong, moderate, and weak inducers are drugs that decreases the AUC of sensitive index substrates of a given metabolic pathway by ≥80%, ≥50% to <80%, and ≥20% to ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17), also called TACE (tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme), is a 70-kDa enzyme that belongs to the ADAM protein family of disintegrins and metalloproteases, activated by substrate presentation. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
During the synthesis of proteins, polypeptide chains, which are created by ribosomes translating mRNA, must be processed before assuming a mature conformation. The dephosphorylation of proteins is a mechanism for modifying behavior of a protein, often by activating or inactivating an enzyme. Components of the protein s... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
To be effective on a given ore slurry, the collectors are chosen based upon their selective wetting of the types of particles to be separated. A good collector will adsorb, physically or chemically, with one of the types of particles. The wetting activity of a surfactant on a particle can in principle be quantified by ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Silverquant is a labeling and detection method for DNA microarrays or protein microarrays. A synonym is <colorimetric> detection.
In contrast to the classical signal detection on microarrays by using fluorescence, the colorimetric detection is more sensitive and ozone-stable. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The first description of what would come to be called paramutation was given by William Bateson and Caroline Pellew in 1915, when they described "rogue" peas that always passed their "rogue" phenotype onto their progeny. However, the first formal description of paramutation was given by R.A. Brink at the University of ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Corrosion loop(s) are systematized analysis "loops" used during Risk-based inspection analysis.
Both terms “RBI Corrosion loops” or “RBI corrosion circuits” are generic terms used to indicate the systematization of piping systems into usable and understandable parts associated with corrosion.
Systematized piping loop... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Insulators have two main functions:
# Enhancer-blocking insulators prevent distal enhancers from acting on the promoter of neighbouring genes
# Barrier insulators prevent silencing of euchromatin by the spread of neighbouring heterochromatin
While enhancer-blocking is classified as an inter-chromosomal interaction, act... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Myogenin has been shown to interact with:
* MDFI,
* POLR2C,
* Serum response factor
* Sp1 transcription factor, and
* TCF3. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
As compared to sodium-based liquid metal coolants such as liquid sodium or NaK, lead-based coolants have significantly higher boiling points, meaning a reactor can be operated without risk of coolant boiling at much higher temperatures. This improves thermal efficiency and could potentially allow hydrogen production th... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Near Eastern development of bronze technology spread across Central Asia by way of the Eurasian Steppes, and with it came the knowledge and technology for tin prospection and extraction. By 2000 to 1500 BC Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan appear to have exploited their sources of tin, carrying the resources east... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1, also commonly known as adenyl cyclase and adenylyl cyclase, abbreviated AC) is an enzyme with systematic name ATP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing; 3′,5′-cyclic-AMP-forming). It catalyzes the following reaction:
:ATP = 3′,5′-cyclic AMP + diphosphate
It has key regulatory roles in essentially ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Some histidine kinases are hybrids that contain an internal receiver domain. In these cases, a hybrid HK autophosphorylates and then transfers the phosphoryl group to its own internal receiver domain, rather than to a separate RR protein. The phosphoryl group is then shuttled to histidine phosphotransferase (HPT) and s... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Georg Jacob Tysland (13 February 1890 – 14 February 1932) was a Norwegian engineer and metallurgist. Tysland is known as the originator of a successful electric smelting furnace for the production of pig iron, a semi-finished product for the production of steel. | 0 | Metallurgy |
The 5′ untranslated region (also known as 5′ UTR, leader sequence, transcript leader, or leader RNA) is the region of a messenger RNA (mRNA) that is directly upstream from the initiation codon. This region is important for the regulation of translation of a transcript by differing mechanisms in viruses, prokaryotes and... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The analysis of slag is based on its shape, texture, isotopic signature, chemical and mineralogical characteristics. Analytical tools like Optical Microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) are widely employ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The vertebrate mitochondrial code (translation table 2) is the genetic code found in the mitochondria of all vertebrata. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Drugs have long been considered crucial targets for transmitter-gated ion channels. The majority of medications utilized to treat schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, and sleeplessness work at chemical synapses, and many of these pharmaceuticals function by binding to transmitter-gated channels. For instance, some drugs... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The origin is the word lixiviate, meaning to leach or to dissolve out, deriving from the Latin lixivium. A lixiviant assists in rapid and complete leaching, for example during in situ leaching. The metal can be recovered from it in a concentrated form after leaching. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Although all bun ingots share the same basic morphology, the details of their form and the texture of their convex base is dependent on the mould in which they cooled. Bun ingots made in purpose-dug depressions in sand can be highly variable in form even on the same site, whereas ingots cast in reusable moulds will for... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Protein-RNA interactions may prevent or stabilize the formation of an anti-terminator structure. .. karima eric discovery | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Heap leaching is an industrial mining process used to extract precious metals, copper, uranium, and other compounds from ore using a series of chemical reactions that absorb specific minerals and re-separate them after their division from other earth materials. Similar to in situ mining, heap leach mining differs in t... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Nickel–cadmium batteries (Ni-Cd) use nickel oxide hydroxide and metallic cadmium electrodes with an electrolyte of potassium hydroxide. Sealed Ni-Cd batteries were widely used in photography equipment, handheld power tools, and radio-controlled toys from the early 1940s until the early 1990s, when nickel–metal hydride ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
It has been shown in previous studies that the only types of RNA editing seen in the plants mitochondria and plastids are conversion of C-to-U and U-to-C (very rare). RNA-editing sites are found mainly in the coding regions of mRNA, introns, and other non-translated regions. In fact, RNA editing can restore the functio... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
X-chromosome inactivation (XCI), is the most striking and well-studied example of RME. XCI leads to the transcriptional silencing of one of the X chromosomes in female cells, which results in expression of the genes that located on the other, remaining active X chromosome. XCI is critical for balanced gene expression i... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The excavations at Hammeh are part of the Deir 'Alla Regional Project, a joint undertaking of Yarmouk University in Irbid, Jordan, and Leiden University in the Netherlands, in collaboration with the Jordanian Department of Antiquities.
The site's most intriguing feature is the presence of a substantial and very early i... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The 5′ UTR begins at the transcription start site and ends one nucleotide (nt) before the initiation sequence (usually AUG) of the coding region. In prokaryotes, the length of the 5′ UTR tends to be 3–10 nucleotides long, while in eukaryotes it tends to be anywhere from 100 to several thousand nucleotides long. For exa... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Zinc is rarely anodized, but a process was developed by the International Lead Zinc Research Organization and covered by MIL-A-81801. A solution of ammonium phosphate, chromate and fluoride with voltages of up to 200 V can produce olive green coatings up to 80 μm thick. The coatings are hard and corrosion resistant.
Zi... | 0 | Metallurgy |
When a cell is subjected to stressful conditions, the ATF4 gene is expressed. The ATF4 transcription factor has the ability to form dimers with many different proteins that influence gene expression and cell fate. ATF4 binds to C/EBP‐ATF response element (CARE) sequences which work together to increase the transcriptio... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
A hydrogen analyzer can be used for direct measurement of hydrogen in liquid aluminium. Direct monitoring of hydrogen is possible using an on-line quantitative measurement technology based on a closed-loop gas recirculation method though a porous ceramic probe.
Since its introduction in 1989, this gas recirculation met... | 0 | Metallurgy |
DNA printing can thus be used to produce DNA parts, which are defined as sequences of DNA that encode a specific biological function (for example, promoters, transcription regulatory sequences or open reading frames). However, because oligonucleotide synthesis typically cannot accurately produce oligonucleotides sequen... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The idea that the electrical activity generated by nervous tissue may influence the activity of surrounding nervous tissue is one that dates back to the late 19th century. Early experiments, like those by Emil du Bois-Reymond, demonstrated that the firing of a primary nerve may induce the firing of an adjacent secondar... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Knockouts are accomplished through a variety of techniques. Originally, naturally occurring mutations were identified and then gene loss or inactivation had to be established by DNA sequencing or other methods. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
An intermetallic (also called intermetallic compound, intermetallic alloy, ordered intermetallic alloy, long-range-ordered alloy) is a type of metallic alloy that forms an ordered solid-state compound between two or more metallic elements. Intermetallics are generally hard and brittle, with good high-temperature mechan... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Loss-of-function mutations in females can lead to infertility. In 46, XY individuals severe inactivation can cause male pseudohermaphroditism, as fetal Leydig cells during may not respond and thus interfere with masculinization. Less severe inactivation can result in hypospadias or a micropenis. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
SMA have many advantages over traditional actuators, but do suffer from a series of limitations that may impede practical application. In numerous studies, it was emphasised that only a few of patented shape memory alloy applications are commercially successful due to material limitations combined with a lack of materi... | 0 | Metallurgy |
PNRC1 functions as a coactivator for several nuclear receptors including AR, ERα, ERRα, ERRγ, GR, SF1, PR, TR, RAR and RXR. The interaction between PNRC1 with nuclear receptors occurs through the SH3 domain of PNRC1. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Although other cells lines, such as African green monkey kidney (COS) and baby hamster kidney (BHK), can be used for recombinant protein production, the most commonly employed host system in transient expression of mammalian cells involves derivatives of the HEK293 cell line, which is based on the human embryonic kidne... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The role of endoglin plays in angiogenesis and the modulation of TGF beta receptor signaling, which mediates cellular localization, cellular migration, cellular morphology, cell proliferation, cluster formation, etc., makes endoglin an important player in tumor growth and metastasis. Being able to target and efficientl... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
* Birch, Alan. Economic History of the British Iron and Steel Industry (Routledge, 2013).
* Burn, D. L. “Recent Trends in the History of the Steel Industry.” Economic History Review, 17#2 1947, pp. 95–102. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2590552 online].
* Burn, Duncan. The Steel Industry, 1939–1959: A Study in Competiti... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The receptor has a broad tissue distribution but is especially abundant in the cerebellum. Most of the InsP3Rs are found integrated into the endoplasmic reticulum. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The free-living bioluminescent marine bacterium, Vibrio harveyi, uses another signaling molecule in addition to an acylated homoserine lactone. This molecule, termed Autoinducer-2 (or AI-2), is a furanosyl borate diester. AI-2, which is also produced and used by a number of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, i... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In true corrosion fatigue, the fatigue-crack-growth rate is enhanced by corrosion; this effect is seen in all three regions of the fatigue-crack growth-rate diagram. The diagram on the left is a schematic of crack-growth rate under true corrosion fatigue; the curve shifts to a lower stress-intensity-factor range in the... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Some industrial-level sprays (with teflon or leather needle packing, variable speed agitator in pressure pot, separate air and fluid pressure regulators) can also be used for Dimetcote. | 0 | Metallurgy |
In normal operation, a rolling-element bearing has the rollers and races separated by a thin layer of lubricant such as grease or oil. Although these lubricants normally appear liquid (not solid), under high pressure they act as solids and keep the bearing and race from touching.
If the lubricant is removed, the beari... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The two major types of austenitic stainless steels are characterized by the oxide layer that forms on the steel surface: either chromia-forming or alumina-forming. Cr-forming stainless steel is the most common type. However, Cr-forming steels do not exhibit high creep resistance at high temperatures, especially in envi... | 0 | Metallurgy |
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