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The inositol-phospholipid signaling pathway is responsible for the generation of IP3 through the cleavage of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) found in the lipid bi-layer of the plasma membrane by phospholipase C in response to either receptor tyrosine kinase or Gq alpha subunit-G protein-coupled receptor si... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Zinc refining is the process of purifying zinc to special high grade (SHG) zinc, which is at least 99.995% pure. This process is not usually required when smelting of zinc is done through electrolysis processes, but is needed when zinc is produced by pyrometallurgical processes, because it is only 98.5% pure.
There are... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The dbEST is a division of Genbank established in 1992. As for GenBank, data in dbEST is directly submitted by laboratories worldwide and is not curated. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The TRAFAC class of G domain proteins is named after the prototypical member, the translation factor G proteins. They play roles in translation, signal transduction, and cell motility. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
During the submerged arc welding process, not all flux turns into slag. Depending on the welding process, 50% to 90% of the flux can be reused. | 0 | Metallurgy |
AGA and AGG were thought to have become mitochondrial stop codons early in vertebrate evolution. However, at least in humans it has now been shown that AGA and AGG sequences are not recognized as termination codons. A -1 mitoribosome frameshift occurs at the AGA and AGG codons predicted to terminate the CO1 and ND6 op... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The compound has been prepared in a multistep process starting with the base hydrolysis of phosphorus pentasulfide:
:PS + 6 NaOH → 2 NaPOS + HS + 2 HO
The salt is isolated as the hydrate NaPOS(HO). It is prone to hydrolysis, especially when it is heated as an aqueous solutions:
:NaPOS + 2 HO → NaPOS +... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Dithionite is used in conjunction with complexing agents (for example, citric acid) to reduce iron(III) oxy-hydroxide into soluble iron(II) compounds and to remove amorphous iron(III)-bearing mineral phases in soil analyses (selective extraction).
The decomposition of dithionite produces reduced species of sulfur that ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
A liquid metal is a metal or a metal alloy which is liquid at or near room temperature.
The only stable liquid elemental metal at room temperature is mercury (Hg), which is molten above −38.8 °C (234.3 K, −37.9 °F). Three more stable elemental metals melt just above room temperature: caesium (Cs), which has a melting p... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The basic LPB tool is a ball, wheel or other similar tip that is supported in a spherical hydrostatic bearing. The tool can be held in any CNC machine or by industrial robots, depending on the application. The machine tool coolant is used to pressurize the bearing with a continuous flow of fluid to support the ball. ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
*ANXA6
*ANXA7
*ARPC1A Actin-related peptide
*ARPC2
*ARPC5L
*CAPZA2
*CAPZB
*RHOA also implicated in regulation of cell cycle
*RHOB
*RHOT1 mitochondrial trafficking
*RHOT2
*TUBB Tubulin, beta polypeptide
*WDR1 actin disassembly? | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Many types of arrays exist and the broadest distinction is whether they are spatially arranged on a surface or on coded beads:
* The traditional solid-phase array is a collection of orderly microscopic "spots", called features, each with thousands of identical and specific probes attached to a solid surface, such as gl... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Janot studied physics and mathematics at the University of Dijon and later joined Armand Hadni at University of Nancy, where he received his PhD in 1963. Janot was one of the founding directors of the Jean Lamour Institute, a joint research institute between CNRS and the University of Lorraine. Between 1982 and 1991, J... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Hydrocarbon utilizing microorganisms, mostly Cladosporium resinae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and sulfate reducing bacteria, colloquially known as "HUM bugs", are commonly present in jet fuel. They live in the water-fuel interface of the water droplets, form dark black/brown/green, gel-like mats, and cause microbial cor... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Self-heating cans of military food rations developed during WWII used a thermite-like mixture of 1:1 iron(II,III) oxide and calcium silicide. Such mixture, when ignited, generates moderate amount of heat and no gaseous products. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Activation of the ERK1/2 pathway by aberrant RAS/RAF signalling, DNA damage, and oxidative stress leads to cellular senescence. Low doses of DNA damage resulting from cancer therapy cause ERK1/2 to induce senescence, whereas higher doses of DNA damage fail to activate ERK1/2, and thus induce cell death by apoptosis. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Nickel-cobalt lateritic ores can be treated by either hydrometallurgical processes or pyrometallurgical processes, such as matte or ferronickel smelting, which require the entire ore to be melted and the metal values to be separated from the residual components of the ore. The hydrometallurgical process for laterite or... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Tamm et al. have shown that survivin inhibits both Bax and Fas-induced apoptotic pathways. The experiment involved transfecting HEK 293 cells with a Bax-encoding plasmid, which resulted in an increase in apoptosis (~7 fold) as measured by DAPI staining. They then contransfected the 293 cells with Bax-encoding plasmid a... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
* Endomycetales (yeasts): Candida albicans, Candida cylindracea, Candida melibiosica, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida rugosa. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Swedish law required bars of iron to have the forges mark stamped into it for quality control reasons. In Britain, the iron was known by these marks', and the quality of each brand was well-known to the buyers in London, Sheffield, Birmingham and elsewhere. It was divided into two grades:
* First oregrounds came from ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
During the Dark Ages of the transition from bronze to iron, the decorative arts stood almost still but industrial metalwork was freely produced. There are a few remains of Geometric bronze vessels, but as in the case of the Early Minoan material, metal forms are recorded in their pottery derivatives. Some vase-shapes a... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The process produces a quantity of fluoride waste: perfluorocarbons and hydrogen fluoride as gases, and sodium and aluminium fluorides and unused cryolite as particulates. This can be as small as 0.5 kg per tonne of aluminium in the best plants in 2007, up to 4 kg per tonne of aluminium in older designs in 1974. Unless... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Sand casting is one of the most popular and simplest types of casting, and has been used for centuries. Sand casting allows for smaller batches than permanent mold casting and at a very reasonable cost. Not only does this method allow manufacturers to create products at a low cost, but there are other benefits to sand ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Pitting corrosion, or pitting, is a form of extremely localized corrosion that leads to the random creation of small holes in metal. The driving power for pitting corrosion is the depassivation of a small area, which becomes anodic (oxidation reaction) while an unknown but potentially vast area becomes cathodic (reduct... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Mechanically, NbSn is extremely brittle and thus cannot be easily drawn into a wire, which is necessary for winding superconducting magnets. To overcome this, wire manufacturers typically draw down composite wires containing ductile precursors. The "internal tin" process includes separate alloys of Nb, Cu and Sn. The... | 0 | Metallurgy |
ITPP is a membrane-permeant allosteric regulator of hemoglobin that mildly reduces its oxygen-binding affinity, which shifts the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve to the right and thereby increases oxygen release from the blood into tissue. Phytic acid, in contrast, is not membrane-permeant due to its charge distri... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In Mesopotamia, from –2750 BC, the lost-wax technique was used for small-scale, and then later large-scale copper and bronze statues. One of the earliest surviving lost-wax castings is a small lion pendant from Uruk IV. Sumerian metalworkers were practicing lost-wax casting from approximately –3200 BC. Much later examp... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Copper and its alloys can be finished to embark a particular look, feel, and/or color. Finishes include mechanical surface treatments, chemical coloring, and coatings. These are described here.
Mechanical surface treatments. Several types of mechanical surface treatments exist. Mill finishes are derived by normal produ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Casein kinase 1 epsilon has been suggested to play a role in phosphorylation of Disheveled in the Wnt signaling pathway. Casein kinase 1 alpha (CK1α) binds to and phosphorylates β‑catenin
In plants the phosphorylation of protein Jade-1 is regulated by casein kinase 1. In humans there are three casein kinase 1 gamma enz... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The process is named after the Italian physician, physicist, biologist and philosopher Luigi Galvani (9 September 1737 – 4 December 1798). The earliest known example of galvanized iron was discovered on 17th-century Indian armour in the Royal Armouries Museum collection in the United Kingdom.
The term "galvanized" ca... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Galvanic corrosion is an electrochemical process whereby one metal corrodes preferentially to another when both metals are in electrical contact with each other in the presence of an electrolyte, such as moisture and salts. This is because the dissimilar metals have different electrode potentials. The potential differe... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Some sulfate-reducing bacteria produce hydrogen sulfide, which can cause sulfide stress cracking. Acidithiobacillus bacteria produce sulfuric acid; Acidothiobacillus thiooxidans frequently damages sewer pipes. Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans directly oxidizes iron to iron oxides and iron hydroxides; the rusticles forming on... | 0 | Metallurgy |
For a targeted treatment, the visibility and accessibility of the transition in the welded areas are required.
Existing structures typically are prepared at the transition for surface finishing. The parts must be free of loose rust and old paint. If necessary, previous sandblasting is required.
The device operates with... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In a crystalline material, a dislocation is capable of traveling throughout the lattice when relatively small stresses are applied. This movement of dislocations results in the material plastically deforming. Pinning points in the material act to halt a dislocation's movement, requiring a greater amount of force to be ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Mechanical alloying (MA) is a solid-state and powder processing technique involving repeated cold welding, fracturing, and re-welding of blended powder particles in a high-energy ball mill to produce a homogeneous material. Originally developed to produce oxide-dispersion strengthened (ODS) nickel- and iron-base supera... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Most human cancers have been found to have gains and losses of chromosomes that may be due to chromosomal instability (CIN). One of the things that cause CIN is the inactivation of genes that control the proper segregation of the sister chromatids during mitosis. In gaining a better understanding of survivin's function... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Some early literary works allude to lost-wax casting. Columella, a Roman writer of the 1st century AD, mentions the processing of wax from beehives in De Re Rustica, perhaps for casting, as does Pliny the Elder, who details a sophisticated procedure for making Punic wax. One Greek inscription refers to the payment of c... | 0 | Metallurgy |
As widely accepted as this statement might be, it should not be considered synonymous with a lack of metal objects, as it points out native copper was relatively abundant, particularly in the Great Lakes region. The latest glacial period had resulted in the scouring of copper bearing rocks. Once the ice retreated, thes... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Galvanic corrosion (also called bimetallic corrosion or dissimilar metal corrosion) is an electrochemical process in which one metal corrodes preferentially when it is in electrical contact with another, in the presence of an electrolyte. A similar galvanic reaction is exploited in primary cells to generate a useful el... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In contact with water, hydrogen is created. Hence, sodium–potassium alloys are used as desiccants in drying solvents prior to distillation. | 0 | Metallurgy |
One theme of research in evolutionary developmental biology ("evo-devo") is investigating the role of enhancers and other cis-regulatory elements in producing morphological changes via developmental differences between species. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Intrinsic transcription terminators or Rho-independent terminators require the formation of a self-annealing hairpin structure on the elongating transcript, which results in the disruption of the mRNA-DNA-RNA polymerase ternary complex. The terminator sequence in DNA contains a 20 basepair GC-rich region of dyad symmet... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In 1993, Richard J. Roberts and Phillip Allen Sharp received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of "split genes". Using the model adenovirus in their research, they were able to discover splicing—the fact that pre-mRNA is processed into mRNA once introns were removed from the RNA segment. The... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Since 2007, China has restricted exports of REEs (rare-earth elements) and imposed export tariffs, both to conserve resources and to give preference to Chinese manufacturers. In 2009, China supplied more than 96% of the world's REEs. Some outside China are concerned that because rare-earths are essential to some high-t... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Because a large portion of the pairs of a and b contain zeros in one or both conditions, they are impossible to plot as-is on a log scale. Other MA plotting functions artificially include these condition-unique points in the plot by spreading them vertically as a "smear" on the left or horizontally as a "[https://web.... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Among the array of substrates that can be altered by CK2 many of them have been found in increased prevalence in cancers of the breast, lung, colon, and prostate. An increased concentration of substrates in cancerous cells infers a likely survival benefit to the cell, and activation of many of these substrates requires... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The effect of corrosion on a smooth-specimen S-N diagram is shown schematically on the right. Curve A shows the fatigue behavior of a material tested in air. A fatigue threshold (or limit) is seen in curve A, corresponding to the horizontal part of the curve. Curves B and C represent the fatigue behavior of the same ma... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Grain boundaries are interfaces where crystals of different orientations meet. A grain boundary is a single-phase interface, with crystals on each side of the boundary being identical except in orientation. The term "crystallite boundary" is sometimes, though rarely, used. Grain boundary areas contain those atoms that ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
GenePattern is a powerful scientific workflow system that provides access to hundreds of genomic analysis tools. Use these analysis tools as building blocks to design sophisticated analysis pipelines that capture the methods, parameters, and data used to produce analysis results. Pipelines can be used to create, edit a... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The usual definition of a splash zone is the area just above and just below the average water level of a body of water. It also includes areas that may be subject to water spray and mist.
A significant amount of corrosion of fences is due to landscaper tools scratching fence coatings and irrigation sprinklers spraying ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Wnt signaling and β-catenin dependent gene expression plays a critical role during the formation of different body regions in the early embryo. Experimentally modified embryos that do not express this protein will fail to develop mesoderm and initiate gastrulation.
Early embryos endomesoderm specification also involves... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
mTOR Complex 2 (mTORC2) is composed of MTOR, rapamycin-insensitive companion of MTOR (RICTOR), MLST8, and mammalian stress-activated protein kinase interacting protein 1 (mSIN1). mTORC2 has been shown to function as an important regulator of the actin cytoskeleton through its stimulation of F-actin stress fibers, paxi... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II is that portion of the polymerase that is involved in the initiation of DNA transcription, the capping of the RNA transcript, and attachment to the spliceosome for RNA splicing. The CTD typically consists of up to 52 repeats (in humans) of the sequence Tyr-Ser-Pro-... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Diffusional flow is a regime typically below dislocation creep and occurs at high temperatures due to the diffusion of point defects in the material. Diffusional flow can be further broken down into more specific mechanisms: Nabarro–Herring creep, Coble creep, and Harper–Dorn creep.
While most materials will exhibit N... | 0 | Metallurgy |
CcrM (or M.CcrMI) is an orphan DNA methyltransferase, that is involved in controlling gene expression in most Alphaproteobacteria. This enzyme modifies DNA by catalyzing the transference of a methyl group from the S-adenosyl-L methionine substrate to the N6 position of an adenine base in the sequence 5-GANTC-3 with hig... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Electrical steel is one material that uses decarburization in its production. To prevent the atmospheric gases from reacting with the metal itself, electrical steel is annealed in an atmosphere of nitrogen, hydrogen, and water vapor, where oxidation of the iron is specifically prevented by the proportions of hydrogen a... | 0 | Metallurgy |
A casting defect is an undesired irregularity in a metal casting process. Some defects can be tolerated while others can be repaired, otherwise they must be eliminated. They are broken down into five main categories: gas porosity, shrinkage defects, mould material defects, pouring metal defects, and metallurgical defec... | 0 | Metallurgy |
A regulatory sequence is a segment of a nucleic acid molecule which is capable of increasing or decreasing the expression of specific genes within an organism. Regulation of gene expression is an essential feature of all living organisms and viruses. | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Thermocouples can generally be used in the testing of prototype electrical and mechanical apparatus. For example, switchgear under test for its current carrying capacity may have thermocouples installed and monitored during a heat run test, to confirm that the temperature rise at rated current does not exceed designed ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Melt spinning is a metal forming technique that is typically used to form thin ribbons of metal or alloys with a particular atomic structure.
Some important commercial applications of melt-spun metals include high-efficiency transformers (Amorphous metal transformer), sensory devices, telecommunications equipment, and ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Presence of VMAT1 in cells has been shown to protect them from the damaging effects of cooling and rewarming associated with hypothermia. Experiments were carried out on aortic and kidney cells and tissues. Evidence was found that an accumulation of serotonin using VMAT1 and TPH1 allowed for the subsequent release of ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
One of the most important results of Wnt signaling and the elevated level of β-catenin in certain cell types is the maintenance of pluripotency. The rate of stem cells in the colon is for instance ensured by such accumulation of β-catenin, which can be stimulated by the Wnt pathway. High frequency peristaltic mechanica... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
* Several in-vitro experiments suggest that ISWI remodelers organize nucleosome into proper bundle form and create equal spacing between nucleosomes, whereas SWI/SNF remodelers disorder nucleosomes.
* The ISWI-family remodelers have been shown to play central roles in chromatin assembly after DNA replication and mainte... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Oxidation is the process of an element losing electrons. For example, iron will transfer two of its electrons to oxygen, forming an oxide. This occurs all throughout as an unintended part of the steelmaking process.
Oxygen blowing is a method of steelmaking where oxygen is blown through pig iron to lower the carbon c... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Some metals, particularly nickel and nickel alloys, can be made into nanocrystalline foils using electrodeposition. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Many commercial elastomers contain polysulfides as crosslinks. These crosslinks interconnect neighboring polymer chains, thereby conferring rigidity. The degree of rigidity is related to the number of crosslinks. Elastomers, therefore, have a characteristic ability to return to their original shape after being stretche... | 0 | Metallurgy |
A DNA microarray (also commonly known as DNA chip or biochip) is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface. Scientists use DNA microarrays to measure the expression levels of large numbers of genes simultaneously or to genotype multiple regions of a genome. Each DNA spot contains picomoles (10 m... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The sigma-2 receptor (σR) is a sigma receptor subtype that has attracted attention due to its involvement in diseases such as neurological diseases, neurodegenerative, neuro-ophthalmic and cancer. It is currently under investigation for its potential diagnostic and therapeutic uses.
Although the sigma-2 receptor was i... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
ODS steels creep properties are dependent on the characteristics of the oxide particles in the metal matrix, specifically their ability to prevent dislocation motion as well as the size and distribution of the particles. Hoelzer and coworkers showed that an alloy containing a homogeneous dispersion of 1-5 nm YTiO nanoc... | 0 | Metallurgy |
These processes consist of an annular furnace in which iron ore mixed with coal is circulated. Hot reducing gases flow over, and sometimes through, the charge. The ore is deposited on a tray, or carts, rotating slowly in the furnace. After one rotation, the ore is reduced; it is then discharged and replaced by oxidized... | 0 | Metallurgy |
In the species Dictyostelium discoideum, cAMP acts outside the cell as a secreted signal. The chemotactic aggregation of cells is organized by periodic waves of cAMP that propagate between cells over distances as large as several centimetres. The waves are the result of a regulated production and secretion of extrace... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) figures prominently in protein degradation. The 26S proteasome consists of a catalytic subunit (the 20S core particle), and a regulatory subunit (the 19S cap). Poly-ubiquitin chains tag proteins for degradation by the proteasome, which causes hydrolysis of tagged proteins into sma... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The cellular level of β-catenin is mostly controlled by its ubiquitination and proteosomal degradation. The E3 ubiquitin ligase TrCP1 (also known as β-TrCP) can recognize β-catenin as its substrate through a short linear motif on the disordered N-terminus. However, this motif (Asp-Ser-Gly-Ile-His-Ser) of β-catenin need... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In bacteria and eukaryotes, proteins TFIIB and sigma factor are involved in the initiation of transcription, where they facilitate preinitiation complex formation and specific RNA Polymerase-DNA binding. The archaeal counterpart to these two proteins is TFB, which was first identified in the species Pyrococcus woesei i... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
PIK3CA frequently have gain of function mutations in urothelial cancer. Similar to PI3Ka, PI3Kb is expressed in many different cells, and it is mainly involved in the activation of platelets and development of thrombotic diseases. Studies have shown that PI3Kb contribute to tumor proliferation as well. Specifically, it... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
TFA interacts with the TBP subunit of TFD and aids in the binding of TBP to TATA-box containing promoter DNA. Interaction of TFA with TBP facilitates formation of and stabilizes the preinitiation complex. Interaction of TFA with TBP also results in the exclusion of negative (repressive) factors that might otherwise b... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The production of an amorphous metal can be achieved by rapidly cooling the liquid alloy to avoid forming a crystal structure. This is traditionally done using melt spinning, which produces a 0.5–125 mm wide strip with a thickness of 20–50 μm. After cooling, the metal can be made into parts or preforms by cutting, stam... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Mutations are modeled as the changes in gene regulation, i.e., the changes of the elements in the regulatory matrix . | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The durability and life of dynamically loaded, welded steel structures is determined in many cases by the welds, in particular the weld transitions. Through selective treatment of the transitions (grinding (abrasive cutting), abrasive blasting, hammering, etc.), the durability of many designs increase significantly. Ha... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The ETS family is present throughout the body and is involved in a wide variety of functions including the regulation of cellular differentiation, cell cycle control, cell migration, cell proliferation, apoptosis (programmed cell death) and angiogenesis.
Multiple ETS factors have been found to be associated with cance... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
In view of its performance, the process seemed a suitable basis for the development of more efficient variants. Around 1940, the Japanese built several small reduction furnaces operating at lower temperatures: one at Tsukiji (1.8 m × 60 m), two at Hachinohe (2 furnaces of 2.8 m × 50 m), and three at Takasago (2 furnace... | 0 | Metallurgy |
There are various methodological approaches to archaeometallurgical studies. The same methods used in analytical chemistry may be used to analyze artifacts. Chemical analysis methods may include the analysis of mass, density or chemical composition. Most methods are non-destructive in nature, such as X-ray spectroscopy... | 0 | Metallurgy |
The number of two-component systems present in a bacterial genome is highly correlated with genome size as well as ecological niche; bacteria that occupy niches with frequent environmental fluctuations possess more histidine kinases and response regulators. New two-component systems may arise by gene duplication or by ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Thiosulfate is an acceptable common name (but used almost always); functional replacement IUPAC name is sulfurothioate; the systematic additive IUPAC name is trioxidosulfidosulfate(2−) or trioxido-1κO-disulfate(S—S)(2−). The external sulfur atom has a valence of 2 while the central sulfur atom has a valence of 6. The o... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Although the sequence of steps involved in the assembly of the PIC can vary, in general, they follow step 1, binding to the promoter.
# The TATA-binding protein (TBP, a subunit of TFIID), TBPL1, or TBPL2 can bind the promoter or TATA box. Most genes lack a TATA box and use an initiator element (Inr) or downstream core ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
The bowl and stand were favourite archaic forms. The Greek stand was a fusion of the cast-rod tripod and the embossed cone. Some early examples have large triangular plates between the legs, worked in relief; but the developed type has separate legs and stays of which the joints are masked with decorative rims and feet... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Sepro designs and builds modular and mobile processing plants for a wide range of mineral applications. Complete plants can be assembled using Sepro manufactured equipment along with equipment from third-party vendors and sub-contractors.
Sepro Mobile Plants are designed to be easily re-locatable as they are mounted o... | 0 | Metallurgy |
PKR (encoded in humans by the gene EIF2AK2) activation is mainly dependent on the presence of double-stranded RNA during a viral infection. dsRNA causes PKR to form dimers, resulting in autophosphorylation and activation. Once activated, PKR will phosphorylate eIF2α which causes a cascade of events that result in viral... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Rosin fluxes are categorized by grades of activity: L for low, M for moderate, and H for high. There are also other abbreviations for different rosin flux grades:
* R (Rosin) – pure rosin, no activators, low activity, mildest
* WW (water-white) – purest rosin grade, no activators, low activity, sometimes synonymous wit... | 0 | Metallurgy |
TCF4 proteins act as transcription factors which will bind to the immunoglobulin enhancer mu-E5/kappa-E2 motif. TCF4 activates transcription by binding to the E-box (5’-CANNTG-3’) found usually on SSTR2-INR, or somatostatin receptor 2 initiator element. TCF4 is primarily involved in neurological development of the fetu... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
* Casting – molten metal is poured into a shaped mold. Variants of casting include sand casting, investment casting, also called the lost wax process, die casting, and continuous castings. Each of these forms has advantages for certain metals and applications considering factors like magnetism and corrosion.
* Forging ... | 0 | Metallurgy |
A splice site is the border between an exon and intron in a gene. These sites contain a particular sequence motif, which is necessary for recognition and processing by the RNA splicing machinery.
The S&S algorithm uses sliding windows of eight nucleotides, corresponding to the length of the splice site sequence motif, ... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
This book covers underground mining and surveying. When a vein below ground is to be exploited a shaft is begun and a wooden shed with a windlass is placed above it. The tunnel dug at the bottom follows the vein and is just big enough for a man. The entire vein should be removed. Sometimes the tunnel eventually connect... | 0 | Metallurgy |
Brass was used in Lothal and Atranjikhera in the 3rd and 2nd millennium BCE. Brass and probably zinc was also found at Taxila in 4th to 3rd century BCE contexts. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Vacuum deoxidation is a method which involves using a vacuum to remove impurities. A portion of the carbon and oxygen in steel will react, forming carbon monoxide. CO gas will float up to the top of the liquid steel and be removed by a vacuum system.
As the chemical reaction involved in vacuum deoxidation is:
the rea... | 0 | Metallurgy |
KAP1 can regulate genomic transcription through a variety of mechanisms, many of which remain somewhat unclear. Studies have shown that KAP1 can repress transcription by binding directly to the genome (which can be sufficient in and of itself) or through the induction of heterochromatin formation via the Mi2α-SETB1-HP... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Hydrogen damage is the generic name given to a large number of metal degradation processes due to interaction with hydrogen atoms. Note that molecular gaseous hydrogen does not have the same effect as atoms or ions released into solid solution in the metal. | 0 | Metallurgy |
Epinephrine and glucagon affect the activity of protein kinase A by changing the levels of cAMP in a cell via the G-protein mechanism, using adenylate cyclase. Protein kinase A acts to phosphorylate many enzymes important in metabolism. For example, protein kinase A phosphorylates acetyl-CoA carboxylase and pyruvate de... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
Some patients with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome may have mutations in the gene for FSHR, making them more sensitive to gonadotropin stimulation.
Women with 46 XX gonadal dysgenesis experience primary amenorrhea with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. There are forms of 46 xx gonadal dysgenesis wherein abnormalities... | 1 | Gene expression + Signal Transduction |
It is important to recognize that while iron production had great influence over Africa both culturally in trade and expansion (Martinelli, 1993, 1996, 2004), as well as socially in beliefs and rituals, there is great regional variation. Much of the evidence for cultural significance comes from the practises still carr... | 0 | Metallurgy |
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