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is reduced by acetonitrile:
Although it polymerizes tetrahydrofuran, is stable in diethyl ether. Reduction of such solutions with tin gives and , depending on conditions. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Liu et al. reported the C-S coupling of aryl carboxylic acids with disulphides or thiols using a Pd/Cu catalyst system. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Yttrium oxalate is an inorganic compound, a salt of yttrium and oxalic acid with the chemical formula Y(CO). The compound does not dissolve in water and forms crystalline hydrates—colorless crystals. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Electrophilic amination reactions can be classified as either additions or substitutions. Although the resulting product is not always an amine, these reactions are unified by the formation of a carbon–nitrogen bond and the use of an electrophilic aminating agent. A wide variety of electrophiles have been used; for sub... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Bone ash can be used alone as an organic fertilizer or it can be treated with sulfuric acid to form a "single superphosphate" fertilizer which is more water soluble:
:Ca(PO) + 2 HSO + 5 HO → 2 CaSO·2HO + Ca(HPO)·HO
Similarly, phosphoric acid can be used to form triple superphosphate, a more concentrated phosphorus fert... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Fluoroantimonic acid is the strongest superacid based on the measured value of its Hammett acidity function (H), which has been determined for various ratios of HF:SbF. The H of HF is −15. A solution of HF containing 1 mol % of SbF is −20. The H is −21 for 10 mol%. For > 50 mol % SbF, the H is between −21 and −23. T... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The iodolactonization reaction includes a number of nuances that affect product formation including regioselectivity, ring size preference, and thermodynamic and kinetic control. In terms of regioselectivity, iodolactonization preferentially occurs at the most hindered carbon atom adjacent to the iodonium cation. This ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
NaOH and its monohydrate form orthorhombic crystals with the space groups Cmcm (oS8) and Pbca (oP24), respectively. The monohydrate cell dimensions are a = 1.1825, b = 0.6213, c = 0.6069 nm. The atoms are arranged in a hydrargillite-like layer structure, with each sodium atom surrounded by six oxygen atoms, three each ... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The reaction is usually initiated by copper(II) chloride (CuCl), which is the most common catalyst in the production of 1,2-dichloroethane. In some cases, CuCl is supported on silica in presence of KCl, LaCl, or AlCl as cocatalysts. Aside from silica, a variety of supports have also been used including various types of... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Metals, under the right conditions, burn in a process similar to the combustion of wood or gasoline. In fact, rust is the result of oxidation of steel or iron at very slow rates. A thermite reaction results when the correct mixtures of metallic fuels combine and ignite. Ignition itself requires extremely high temperatu... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Potassium pentasulfide is the inorganic compound with the formula . It is a red-orange solid that dissolves in water. The salt decomposes rapidly in air.
It is one of several polysulfide salts with the general formula , where M = Li, Na, K and n = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. The polysulfide salts of potassium and sodium are similar... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Fluorinations with DAST can be carried out in conventional glass equipment, although etching of the glass may result from reaction byproducts. Reactions are typically carried out in aprotic or non-polar solvents. Moisture and atmospheric oxygen should be excluded from the reaction. Reactions are generally started at -7... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The general mechanism is shown below. The resonating arrow (1) shows a resonance contributor of the diazo compound with a lone pair of electrons on the carbon adjacent to the nitrogen. The diazo compound then does a nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl-containing compound (nucleophilic addition), producing a tetrahedral... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
LSAT was originally developed as a substrate for the growth of high T cuprate superconductors thin films, mostly of yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO), for microwave device applications. The motivation for its development was to create a lattice-matched substrate with a similar thermal expansion coefficient and no stru... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Some chemicals contain another anion in addition to borate. These include borate chlorides, borate carbonates, borate nitrates, borate sulfates, borate phosphates. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The Strecker degradation is a chemical reaction which converts an α-amino acid into an aldehyde containing the side chain, by way of an imine intermediate. It is named after Adolph Strecker, a German chemist.
The original observation by Strecker involved the use of alloxan as the oxidant in the first step, followed by ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Metal sulfides are usually prepared by heating mixtures of the two elements, but in the case of scandium, this method yields scandium monosulfide, ScS. ScS can be prepared by heating scandium(III) oxide under flowing hydrogen sulfide in a graphite crucible to 1550 °C or above for 2–3 hours. The crude product is then p... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The formose reaction, discovered by Aleksandr Butlerov in 1861, and hence also known as the Butlerov reaction, involves the formation of sugars from formaldehyde. The term formose is a portmanteau of formaldehyde and aldose. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Boron is used in pyrotechnics to prevent the amide-forming reaction between aluminium and nitrates. A small amount of boric acid is added to the composition to neutralize alkaline amides that can react with the aluminium.
Boric acid can be used as a colorant to make fire green. For example, when dissolved in methanol i... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
HDAC8 has been found to be most similar to HDAC3. Its major feature is its catalytic domain which contains an NLS region in the center. Two transcripts of this HDAC have been found which include a 2.0kb transcript and a 2.4kb transcript. Unlike the other HDAC molecules, when purified, this HDAC showed to be enzymatical... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Calcium hydroxide is typically added to a bundle of areca nut and betel leaf called "paan" to keep the alkaloid stimulants chemically available to enter the bloodstream via sublingual absorption.
It is used in making naswar (also known as nass or niswar), a type of dipping tobacco made from fresh tobacco leaves, calciu... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Hydrogen cyanide has been discussed as a precursor to amino acids and nucleic acids, and is proposed to have played a part in the origin of life. Although the relationship of these chemical reactions to the origin of life theory remains speculative, studies in this area have led to discoveries of new pathways to organi... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
is prepared by chlorination of Mo metal but also chlorination of . The unstable hexachloride is not produced in this way.
is reduced by acetonitrile to afford an orange acetonitrile complex, . This complex in turn reacts with THF to give , a precursor to other molybdenum-containing complexes.
Molybdenum(IV) bromide i... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Although the substrate scope of PLE is broad, enantioselectivity varies as a function of the structure of the substrate. This section describes substrates that are hydrolyzed by PLE with the highest enantioselectivity, as well as sensitive substrates that may be hydrolyzed to achiral carboxylic acids in high yield with... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Most asymmetric Heck reactions employing chiral phosphines proceed by the cationic pathway, which does not require the dissociation of a phosphine ligand. Oxidative addition of an aryl perfluorosulfonate generates a cationic palladium aryl complex V. The mechanism then proceeds as in the neutral case, with the differen... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In ene-yne activation, the least common of the five modes, a single metal species coordinates with the enol alkene and the tethered alkyne, simultaneously activating both moieties for reaction. Nickel, cobalt, and rhenium complexes have all been employed in this manner. A representative example was reported by Malacria... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Electrophilic amination is a chemical process involving the formation of a carbon–nitrogen bond through the reaction of a nucleophilic carbanion with an electrophilic source of nitrogen. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Organic esters, ketones, and aldehydes with an α-hydrogen ( bond adjacent to the carbonyl group) often form enols. The reaction involves migration of a proton () from carbon to oxygen:
In the case of ketones, the conversion is called a keto-enol tautomerism, although this name is often more generally applied to all suc... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Nitrosation is a process of converting organic compounds into nitroso derivatives, i.e., compounds containing the R-NO functionality. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Nucleosomes are portions of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) that are wrapped around protein complexes called histone cores. These histone cores are composed of 8 subunits, two each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 histones. This protein complex forms a cylindrical shape that dsDNA wraps around with approximately 147 base pairs. Nucl... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The following reactions describe the methanation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide respectively:
: -206 kJ/mol
: -164 kJ/mol
The methanation reactions are classified as exothermic and their energy of formations are listed.
There is disagreement on whether the CO methanation occurs by first associatively adsorbing... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Enolate ions are more useful than enols for two reasons. First, pure enols can't normally be isolated but are instead generated only as short lived intermediates in low concentration. By contrast, stable solutions of pure enolate ions
are easily prepared from most carbonyl compounds by reaction with a strong base. Seco... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In chemistry, a transition metal chloride complex is a coordination complex that consists of a transition metal coordinated to one or more chloride ligand. The class of complexes is extensive. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The Kostanecki acylation is a method used in organic synthesis to form chromones or coumarins by acylation of O-hydroxyaryl ketones with aliphatic acid anhydrides, followed by cyclization. If benzoic anhydride (or benzoyl chloride) is used, a particular type of chromone called a flavone is obtained. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In a typical TAP pulse-response experiment, very small (~10 mol) and narrow (~100 μs) gas pulses are introduced into the evacuated (~10 torr) microreactor
containing a catalytic sample. While the injected gas molecules traverse the microreactor packing through the interstitial voids,
they encounter the catalyst on whic... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The reaction is initiated by homolytic cleavage of a radical initiator, in this case 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), upon heating. A hydrogen is then abstracted from the hydrogen source (tributylstannane in this case) to leave a tributylstannyl radical that attacks the sulfur atom of the thiohydroxamate ester. The ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Many drugs which are substrates for glucuronidation as part of their metabolism are significantly affected by inhibitors or inducers of their specific glucuronisyltransferase types: | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The very high breakdown voltages, high electron mobility, and high saturation velocity of GaN has made it an ideal candidate for high-power and high-temperature microwave applications, as evidenced by its high Johnson's figure of merit. Potential markets for high-power/high-frequency devices based on GaN include microw... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Sodium orthovanadate is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It forms a dihydrate . Sodium orthovanadate is a salt of the oxyanion. It is a colorless, water-soluble solid. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
With the addition of heat, strontium oxalate will decompose based on the following reaction:
Strontium oxalate is a good agent for use in pyrotechnics since it decomposes readily with the addition of heat. When it decomposes into strontium oxide, it produces a red flame color. Since this reaction produces carbon monoxi... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The anhydrous material crystallizes in the CdCl motif, featuring octahedral coordination geometry at each Ni(II) center. NiI is prepared by dehydration of the pentahydrate.
NiI readily hydrates, and the hydrated form can be prepared by dissolution of nickel oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate in hydroiodic acid. The anhydro... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles of boric acid dissolved in petroleum or vegetable oil can form a remarkable lubricant on ceramic or metal surfaces with a coefficient of sliding friction that decreases with increasing pressure to a value ranging from 0.10 to 0.02. Self-lubricating films result from a spontaneous... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The zinc chloride smoke mixture ("HC") used in smoke grenades contains zinc oxide, hexachloroethane and granular aluminium powder, which, when ignited, react to form zinc chloride, carbon and aluminium oxide smoke, an effective smoke screen. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
In chemistry, a leaving group is defined by the IUPAC as an atom or group of atoms that detaches from the main or residual part of a substrate during a reaction or elementary step of a reaction. However, in common usage, the term is often limited to a fragment that departs with a pair of electrons in heterolytic bond ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Praseodymium(III) oxalate forms crystalline hydrates (light green crystals): Pr(CO)•10HO. The crystalline hydrate decomposes stepwise when heated: | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Neptunium silicide forms crystals of tetragonal crystal system, space group I4/amd, cell parameters: a = 0.396 nm, c = 1.367 nm, Z = 4.
Neptunium disilicide does not dissolve in water. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Tobermorite is often used in thermodynamical calculations to represent the pole of the most evolved calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H). According to its chemical formula, its atomic Ca/Si or molar CaO/SiO (C/S) ratio is 5/6 (0.83). Jennite represents the less evolved pole with a C/S ratio of 1.50 (9/6). | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The origin of diastereoselectivity in reductions of chiral ketones has been extensively analyzed and modeled. According to a model advanced by Felkin, diastereoselectivity is controlled by the relative energy of the three transition states I, II, and III. Transition state I is favored in the absence of polar groups on ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The divinylcyclopropane-cycloheptadiene rearrangement is an organic chemical transformation that involves the isomerization of a 1,2-divinylcyclopropane into a cycloheptadiene or -triene. It is conceptually related to the Cope rearrangement, but has the advantage of a strong thermodynamic driving force due to the relea... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The mechanism consists of three well-differentiated reactions:
# Phenol O-acylation with formation of a tetrahedral intermediate
# Intramolecular aldol condensation to cyclize and to form a hydroxydihydrochromone
# Elimination of the hydroxyl group to form the chromone (or coumarin) | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In the presence of lithium or aluminum amide bases, epoxides may open to give the corresponding allylic alcohols. Removal of a proton adjacent to the epoxide, elimination, and neutralization of the resulting alkoxide lead to synthetically useful allylic alcohol products. In reactions of chiral, non-racemic epoxides, th... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
No heterogeneous catalyst has been commercialized for asymmetric hydrogenation.
The first asymmetric hydrogenation focused on palladium deposited on a silk support. Cinchona alkaloids have been used as chiral modifiers for enantioselectivity hydrogenation.
An alternative technique and one that allows more control over ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Cadmium sulfide can be prepared by the precipitation from soluble cadmium(II) salts with sulfide ion. This reaction has been used for gravimetric analysis and qualitative inorganic analysis.<br />The preparative route and the subsequent treatment of the product, affects the polymorphic form that is produced (i.e., cubi... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Barium chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula . It is one of the most common water-soluble salts of barium. Like most other water-soluble barium salts, it is a white powder, highly toxic, and imparts a yellow-green coloration to a flame. It is also hygroscopic, converting to the dihydrate , which are colour... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
All syntheses start from the perxenates, which are accessible from the xenates through two methods. One is the disproportionation of xenates to perxenates and xenon:
: 2 + 2 OH → + Xe + O + 2 HO
The other is oxidation of the xenates with ozone in basic solution:
: + O + 3 OH → + O + 2 HO
Barium perxenate is reacted... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
In petrochemistry, petroleum geology and organic chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as kerogens or long-chain hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules such as light hydrocarbons, by the breaking of carbon-carbon bonds in the precursors. The rate of cracking and the end ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The carbylamine reaction (also known as the Hoffmann isocyanide synthesis) is the synthesis of an isocyanide by the reaction of a primary amine, chloroform, and base. The conversion involves the intermediacy of dichlorocarbene.
Illustrative is the synthesis of tert-butyl isocyanide from tert-butylamine in the presence... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Reductions with hydrosilanes are methods used for hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of organic compounds. The approach is a subset of ionic hydrogenation. In this particular method, the substrate is treated with a hydrosilane and auxiliary reagent, often a strong acid, resulting in formal transfer of hydride from silic... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
This reaction is a considerable subject area of research with implications for fuel cell design.
Its main utility lies in the removal of carbon monoxide (CO) from the fuel cell's feed gas. CO poisons the catalyst of most low-temperature fuel cells.
Carbon monoxide is often produced as a by-product from steam reforming ... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
[Co(NH)] is diamagnetic, with a low-spin 3d octahedral Co(III) center. The cation obeys the 18-electron rule and is considered to be a classic example of an exchange inert metal complex. As a manifestation of its inertness, [Co(NH)]Cl can be recrystallized unchanged from concentrated hydrochloric acid: the NH is so ti... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Relevant to the inner sphere mechanism are the two modes by which imines can coordinate, as a π or as a σ-donor ligand. The pi-imines are also susceptible to conversion to iminium ligands upon N-protonation. The binding mode for the imine is unclear, both η (σ-type) and η (π-type). The final step in the mechanism is r... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Industrially, most alkylations are typically conducted using alcohols, not alkyl halides. Alcohols are less expensive than alkyl halides and their alkylation does not produce salts, the disposal of which can be problematic. Key to the alkylation of alcohols is the use of catalysts that render the hydroxyl group a good... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In the late 1960s, the laboratory of chemist Jean-Marie Conia investigated small carbocyclic molecules, specifically as products of ene-type reactions with carbonyls. These efforts culminated in a 1975 review paper titled “The Thermal Cyclisation of Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds.”
In its original manifestation, the Co... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The Histone code hypothesis suggests the idea that patterns of post-translational modifications on histones, collectively, can direct specific cellular functions. Chemical modifications of histone proteins often occur on particular amino acids. This specific addition of single or multiple modifications on histone cores... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Diastereoselective conjugate addition reactions of chiral organocuprates provide β-functionalized ketones in high yield and diastereoselectivity. A disadvantage of these reactions is the requirement of a full equivalent of enantiopure starting material.
More recently, catalytic enantioselective methods have been develo... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Methyl metabolism is very ancient and can be found in all organisms on earth, from bacteria to humans, indicating the importance of methyl metabolism for physiology. Indeed, pharmacological inhibition of global methylation in species ranging from human, mouse, fish, fly, roundworm, plant, algae, and cyanobacteria cause... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In 1962, Smidt published work on the palladium-catalysed oxidation of alkenes to carbonyl groups. In this work, it was determined that the palladium catalyst activated the alkene for the nucleophilic attack of hydroxide. Gaining insight from this work, Tsuji hypothesized that a similar activation could take place to fo... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Hydrothermal hydrolysis of hydrochloric SPL from carbon-steel pickling lines is a hydrometallurgical reaction, which takes place according to the following chemical formula: | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The hexahydrate and the anhydrous salt are weak Lewis acids. The adducts are usually either octahedral or tetrahedral. It forms an octahedral complex with pyridine ():
With triphenylphosphine (), a tetrahedral complex results:
Salts of the anionic complex CoCl can be prepared using tetraethylammonium chloride:
: + 2 [... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
PROX is an acronym for PReferential OXidation, that refers to the preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide in a gas mixture by a catalyst. It is intended to remove trace amounts of CO from H/CO/CO mixtures produced by steam reforming and water-gas shift. An ideal PROX catalyst preferentially oxidizes carbon monoxide (... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The reaction was discovered in the 1970s as part of a synthetic route to certain prostanoids. The reaction required tin tetrachloride and a stoichiometric amount of Wilkinson's catalyst:
An equal amount of a cyclopropane was formed as the result of decarbonylation.
The first catalytic application involved cyclization ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Deacylations "play crucial roles in gene transcription and most likely in all eukaryotic biological processes that involve chromatin".
Acetylation is one type of post-translational modification of proteins. The acetylation of the ε-amino group of lysine, which is common, converts a charged side chain to a neutral one.... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In organic chemistry, the desulfonation reaction is the hydrolysis of sulfonic acids:
:RCHSOH + HO → RCH + HSO
The reaction applied to aryl and naphthylsulfonic acids. It is the reverse of sulfonation. The temperature of desulfonation correlates with the ease of the sulfonation. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Barium iodate can be derived either as a product of a reaction of iodine and barium hydroxide or by combining barium chlorate with potassium iodate. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Cyclopropanation of olefins with diazocarbonyl compounds is commonly accomplished using rhodium carboxylate complexes, although copper was originally used. The scope of the olefin is generally quite broad—electron-rich, neutral, and electron-poor olefins have all been cyclopropanated efficiently using rhodium-based cat... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In 1920 Armstrong and Hilditch first proposed the associative mechanism. In this mechanism CO and HO are adsorbed onto the surface of the catalyst, followed by formation of an intermediate and the desorption of H and CO. In general, HO dissociates onto the catalyst to yield adsorbed OH and H. The dissociated water reac... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Recent work has demonstrated that the scope of "soft" nucleophiles can be expanded to include some pronucleophiles that have much higher than ~ 25. Some of these "soft" nucleophiles have ranging all the way to 32, and even more basic pronucleophiles (~44) have been shown to act as soft nucleophiles with the addition ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The cyclic trimer anions dissociate almost completely in aqueous solution giving mainly tetrahydroxyborate anions:
Other molecules and anions, such as , , , and are less than 5% at 26 °C.
In 1937, Nielsen and Ward claimed that the metaborate anion in solution has a linear symmetric structure with negative charges on... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
In electrophilic trifluoromethylation the active trifluoromethyl donor group carries a positive charge. Production of an CF cation has been described as "extremely hard" The first relevant reagent, a diaryl(trifluoromethyl) sulfonium salt (ArSCFSbF) was developed in 1984 by reaction of an aryltrifluoromethyl sulfoxide... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Manganese(III)-mediated radical reactions begin with the single-electron oxidation of a carbonyl compound to an α-oxoalkyl radical. Addition to an olefin then occurs, generating adduct radical 2. The fate of 2 is primarily determined by reaction conditions—in the presence of copper(II) acetate, this intermediate underg... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
HCN has been detected in the interstellar medium and in the atmospheres of carbon stars. Since then, extensive studies have probed formation and destruction pathways of HCN in various environments and examined its use as a tracer for a variety of astronomical species and processes. HCN can be observed from ground-based... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
[Co(NH)] is a component of some structural biology methods (especially for DNA or RNA, where positive ions stabilize tertiary structure of the phosphate backbone), to help solve their structures by X-ray crystallography or by nuclear magnetic resonance. In the biological system, the counterions would more probably be M... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Pressure (along with temperature) determines the super- or subcritical state of solvents as well as overall reaction kinetics and the energy inputs required to yield the desirable HTL products (oil, gas, chemicals, char etc.). | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Hydrodefluorination (HDF) is a type of organic reaction in which in a substrate of a carbon–fluorine bond is replaced by a carbon–hydrogen bond. The topic is of some interest to scientific research. In one general strategy for the synthesis of fluorinated compounds with a specific substitution pattern, the substrate is... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Gallium arsenide (GaAs) transistors are used in the RF power amplifiers for cell phones and wireless communicating. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Zinc chloride is used as a catalyst or reagent in diverse reactions conducted on an industrial scale. The partial hydrolysis of benzal chloride in the presence of zinc chloride is the main route to benzoyl chloride. It serves as a catalyst for the production of methylene-bis(dithiocarbamate).
The combination of hydroch... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Anhydrous zinc chloride or its hydrates is not known in nature. However, the related zinc chloride hydroxide monohydrate is known as simonkolleite in nature. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Steric effects of the alkyl substituents on the carbonyl reactant have been shown to affect both the rates and yields of Büchner–Curtius–Schlotterbeck reaction. Table 1 shows the percent yield of the ketone and epoxide products as well as the relative rates of reaction for the reactions between several methyl alkyl ke... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The synthesis of hexachlorophosphazene was first reported by von Liebig in 1834. In that report he describes experiments conducted with Wöhler. They found that phosphorus pentachloride and ammonia react exothermically to yield a new substance that could be washed with cold water to remove the ammonium chloride coproduc... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
In his work at the University of Giessen, Kröhnke observed condensation of α-pyridinium methyl ketone salts 1 with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds 2 via a Michael reaction when treated with ammonium acetate to give 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyridines in high yields under mild reaction conditions. The proposed intermediat... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Organolithium reagents are sensitive to moisture and thus should be handled under inert atmosphere in anhydrous conditions. Tetrahydrofuran is the most common solvent employed for lateral lithiation reactions. Measurement of the concentration of commercial or prepared alkyllithium solutions may be accomplished using we... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Alkene carboamination is the simultaneous formation of C–N and C–C bonds across an alkene. This method represents a powerful strategy to build molecular complexity with up to two stereocenters in a single operation. Generally, there are four categories of reaction modes for alkene carboamination. The first class is cyc... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The Danheiser benzannulation is a chemical reaction used in organic chemistry to generate highly substituted phenols in a single step. It is named after Rick L. Danheiser who developed the reaction. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
A variety of experimental concerns exist for IMHR reactions. Although most of the common Pd(0) catalysts are commercially available (Pd(PPh), Pd(dba), and derivatives), they may also be prepared by simple, high-yielding procedures. Palladium(II) acetate is cheap and may be reduced in situ to palladium(0) with phosphine... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Inductive cleavage, in organic chemistry, is the charge-initiated counterpoint to radical initiated alpha-cleavage. Since inductive cleavage does not require unpairing and re-pairing electrons it can occur at both radical cationic and cationic sites. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In the Hooker reaction (1936) an alkyl chain in a certain naphthoquinone (phenomenon first observed in the compound lapachol) is reduced by one methylene unit as carbon dioxide in each potassium permanganate oxidation.
:Mechanistically oxidation causes ring-cleavage at the alkene group, extrusion of carbon dioxide in d... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Donovan's solution can be prepared by mixing arsenic triiodide, mercuric iodide, and sodium bicarbonate in aqueous solution.
Cooleys cyclopædia of practical receipts and ... information on the arts, manufactures, and trades' gives a more complex method. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Calcium hydroxide is poorly soluble in water, with a retrograde solubility increasing from 0.66 g/L at 100 °C to 1.89 g/L at 0 °C. With a solubility product K of 5.02 at 25 °C, its dissociation in water is large enough that its solutions are basic according to the following dissolution reaction:
: Ca(OH) → Ca + 2 OH
At... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Uranium tetrafluoride reacts with fluorine, first to give uranium pentafluoride and then volatile UF:
:2UF + F → 2UF
:2UF + F → 2UF
UF is reduced by magnesium to give the metal:
:UF + 2Mg → U + 2MgF
It is oxidized to UF at room temperature and then, at 100°C, to the hexafluoride. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
GaAs has been used to produce near-infrared laser diodes since 1962. It is often used in alloys with other semiconductor compounds for these applications.
N-type GaAs doped with silicon donor atoms (on Ga sites) and boron acceptor atoms (on As sites) responds to ionizing radiation by emitting scintillation photons. At ... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
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