text stringlengths 105 6.5k | label int64 0 1 | label_text stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|
*Furnace Type (spray roaster, fluidised bed or combined furnace)
*Physical Properties of Iron Oxide By-Product (ferric oxide powder or pellets)
*Purity and commercial value of Iron Oxide By-Product
**Cl content
**SiO content (typically 40 to 1000 ppm)
**other impurities
**specific weight (typically 0.3 to 4 kg per litr... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Trioxidane readily decomposes into water and singlet oxygen, with a half-life of about 16 minutes in organic solvents at room temperature, but only milliseconds in water. It reacts with organic sulfides to form sulfoxides, but little else is known of its reactivity.
Recent research found that trioxidane is the active i... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Reaction of diborane with ammonia mainly gives the diammoniate salt (diammoniodihydroboronium tetrahydroborate). Ammonia borane is the main product when an adduct of borane is employed in place of diborane:
It can also be synthesized from sodium borohydride. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Hexachlorophosphazene has a core with six equivalent P–N bonds, for which the adjacent P–N distances are 157 pm. This is characteristically shorter than the ca. 177 pm P–N bonds in the valence saturated phosphazane analogues.
The molecule possesses D symmetry, and each phosphorus center is tetrahedral with a Cl–P–Cl a... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Xenon trioxide is an unstable compound of xenon in its +6 oxidation state. It is a very powerful oxidizing agent, and liberates oxygen from water slowly, accelerated by exposure to sunlight. It is dangerously explosive upon contact with organic materials. When it detonates, it releases xenon and oxygen gas. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Because the stereoselectivity of carbocupration is extremely high, the reaction has been applied to the synthesis of pheromones in which the geometric purity of double bonds is critical. One example is the insect pheromone of Cossus cossus, which is synthesized by syn-selective carbocupration of acetylene and alkylatio... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Trioxidane can be obtained in small, but detectable, amounts in reactions of ozone and hydrogen peroxide, or by the electrolysis of water. Larger quantities have been prepared by the reaction of ozone with organic reducing agents at low temperatures in a variety of organic solvents, such as the anthraquinone process. I... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
An antichlor is a substance used to decompose residual hypochlorite or chlorine after chlorine-based bleaching, in order to prevent ongoing reactions with, and therefore damage to, the material that has been bleached. Antichlors include sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium thiosulfate, an... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Ammonium metavanadate is the inorganic compound with the formula NHVO. It is a white salt, although samples are often yellow owing to impurities of VO. It is an important intermediate in the purification of vanadium. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Alkoxyaluminium and closely related hydride reagents reduce a wide variety of functional groups, often with good selectivity. This section, organized by functional group, covers the most common or synthetically useful methods for alkoxyaluminium hydride reduction of organic compounds.
Many selective reductions of carbo... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The reaction was initially demonstrated using a ketone as the directing group, but other functional groups have been reported, including esters, imines, nitriles, and imidates. Murai reactions have also been reported with disubstituted alkynes. Bidentate directing groups allow ortho alkylation of aromatic rings with α,... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
It is important to note that the list given above is qualitative and describes trends. The ability of a group to leave is contextual. For example, in SAr reactions, the rate is generally increased when the leaving group is fluoride relative to the other halogens. This effect is due to the fact that the highest energy t... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Hydroboration is typically anti-Markovnikov, i.e. the hydrogen adds to the most substituted carbon of the double bond. That the regiochemistry is reverse of a typical HX addition reflects the polarity of the B-H bonds. Hydroboration proceeds via a four-membered transition state: the hydrogen and the boron atoms added ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Steric approach control is common in conjugate addition reactions. Thus, in cyclic substrates, a trans relationship between substituents on the α- and β-carbons is common. The configuration at the α-position is less predictable, especially in cases when epimerization can occur. On the basis of steric approach control, ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Radical reactions must be carried out under inert atmosphere as dioxygen is a triplet radical which will intercept radical intermediates. Because the relative rates of a number of processes are important to the reaction, concentrations must be carefully adjusted to optimize reaction conditions. Reactions are generally ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
A two-stage approach proved to be the key to successful synthesis of pure digallane. Firstly the dimeric monochlorogallane, (containing bridging chlorine atoms and thus formulated as () was prepared via the hydrogenation of gallium trichloride, , with trimethylsilane, . This step was followed by a further reduction wi... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Aza enolates (also known as imine anions, enamides, metallated Schiff bases, and metalloenamines) are nitrogen analogous to enolates. When imines get treated with strong bases such as LDA, highly nucleophilic aza enolates are generated.
The major benefit of using aza enolates is that they don't undergo self-condensatio... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The asymmetric hydrogenation of aromatic (especially heteroaromatic), substrates is a very active field of ongoing research. Catalysts in this field must contend with a number of complicating factors, including the tendency of highly stable aromatic compounds to resist hydrogenation, the potential coordinating (and the... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Many acetylations are achieved using these three reagents:
*Acetic anhydride. This reagent is common in the laboratory; its use cogenerates acetic acid.
*Acetyl chloride. This reagent is also common in the laboratory, but its use cogenerates hydrogen chloride, which can be undesirable.
*Ketene. At one time acetic anhyd... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The acidity of boric acid solutions is greatly increased in the presence of cis-vicinal diols (organic compounds containing similarly oriented hydroxyl groups in adjacent carbon atoms, ) such as glycerol and mannitol.
The tetrahydroxyborate anion formed in the dissolution spontaneously reacts with these diols to form r... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The Danheiser benzannulation is a regiocontrolled phenol annulation. This annulation provides an efficient route to form an aromatic ring in one step. It is a thermal combination of a substituted cyclobutenones with heterosubstituted acetylenes to produce highly substituted aromatic compounds, specifically phenols or r... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
has an extended (chain or network) structure in which xenon and oxygen have coordination numbers of four and two respectively. The geometry at xenon is square planar, consistent with VSEPR theory for four ligands and two lone pairs (or AXE in the notation of VSEPR theory).
In addition, the existence of an XeO molecule ... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Reductions of carbon-carbon double and triple bonds are most commonly accomplished through catalytic hydrogenation:
However, diimide reduction offers the advantages that the handling of gaseous hydrogen is unnecessary and removal of catalysts and byproducts (one of which is gaseous dinitrogen) is straightforward. Hydro... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Cobalt chloride can be prepared in aqueous solution from cobalt(II) hydroxide or cobalt(II) carbonate and hydrochloric acid:
: + 2 HCl → + +
: + 2 HCl → + 2
The solid dihydrate and hexahydrate can be obtained by evaporation. Cooling saturated aqueous solutions yields the dihydrate between 120.2 °C and 51.25... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Glucuronidation consists of transfer of the glucuronic acid component of uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid to a substrate by any of several types of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase.
UDP-glucuronic acid (glucuronic acid linked via a glycosidic bond to uridine diphosphate) is an intermediate in the process and is formed in... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Toluene derivatives with heteroatom-containing substituents in the ortho position undergo site-selective benzylic lithiation in the presence of organolithium compounds (either alkyllithiums or lithium dialkylamides). Coordination of the Lewis acidic lithium atom to the Lewis basic heteroatom, as well as inductive effec... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Pyrohydrolysis of hydrochloric spent pickle liquor from carbon steel pickling lines is a hydrometallurgical reaction which takes place according to the following chemical formulae:
4 FeCl + 4 HO + O = 8 HCl + 2 FeO
2 FeCl + 3 HO = 6 HCl + FeO
The process is an inversion of the chemical descaling (pickling) process. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
In biological systems, oxocarbenium ions are mostly seen during reactions of carbohydrates. Since sugars are present in the structure of nucleic acids, with a ribose sugar present in RNA and a deoxyribose present in the structure of DNA, their chemistry plays an important role in wide range of cellular functions of nuc... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In heterocyclic chemistry, organic reactions are classified by the type of heterocycle formed with respect to ring-size and type of heteroatom. See for instance the chemistry of indoles. Reactions are also categorized by the change in the carbon framework. Examples are ring expansion and ring contraction, homologation ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In coupling reactions between aromatic compounds and metal-trifluoromethyl complexes the metal is usually copper, Pd and Ni are less prominent. The reactions are stoichiometric or catalytic. In the McLoughlin-Thrower reaction (1962) iodobenzene reacts with trifluoroiodomethane (CFI) and copper powder in dimethylformam... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
*Alkylation
*Methoxy
*Titanium–zinc methylenation
*Petasis reagent
*Nysted reagent
*Wittig reaction
*Tebbe's reagent | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Protein acylation is the post-translational modification of proteins via the attachment of functional groups through acyl linkages. Protein acylation has been observed as a mechanism controlling biological signaling. One prominent type is fatty acylation, the addition of fatty acids to particular amino acids (e.g. myri... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
C-S-H is a nano sized material with some degree of crystallinity as observed by X-ray diffraction techniques. The underlying atomic structure of C-S-H is similar to the naturally occurring mineral tobermorite. It has a layered geometry with calcium silicate sheet structure separated by an interlayer space. The silicate... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
In chemistry, acylation is a broad class of chemical reactions in which an acyl group () is added to a substrate. The compound providing the acyl group is called the acylating agent. The substrate to be acylated and the product include the following:
*alcohols, esters
*amines, amides
*arenes, ketones
A particularly co... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Definitive mechanistic studies of rhodium-catalyzed cyclopropanation are lacking. However, the mechanism has been rationalized based on product distribution and stereoselectivity. Attack of the diazo compound on the metal center generates a zwitterionic metal alkyl complex, which expels nitrogen gas to afford a metal c... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In combination with its use as an insecticide, boric acid also prevents and destroys existing wet and dry rot in timbers. It can be used in combination with an ethylene glycol carrier to treat external wood against fungal and insect attack. It is possible to buy borate-impregnated rods for insertion into wood via drill... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Fischer glycosidation (or Fischer glycosylation) refers to the formation of a glycoside by the reaction of an aldose or ketose with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst. The reaction is named after the German chemist, Emil Fischer, winner of the Nobel Prize in chemistry, 1902, who developed this method betwee... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
*The reaction has been attempted in the microwave, improving yields with the α-glucopyranoside to 88% and reducing the reaction time significantly to 14 minutes.
*The original paper by Tipson and Cohen also used acyclic sugars to illustrate the utility of the reaction. Thus the reaction is not limited to cyclic carbohy... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Ammonium perrhenate may be prepared from virtually all common sources of rhenium. The metal, oxides, and sulfides can be oxidized with nitric acid and the resulting solution treated with aqueous ammonia. Alternatively an aqueous solution of ReO can be treated with ammonia followed by crystallisation. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Benzylic activation and stereocontrol in tricarbonyl(arene)chromium complexes refers to the enhanced rates and stereoselectivities of reactions at the benzylic position of aromatic rings complexed to chromium(0) relative to uncomplexed arenes. Complexation of an aromatic ring to chromium stabilizes both anions and cati... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Mercury(II) oxide, also called mercuric oxide or simply mercury oxide, is the inorganic compound with the formula HgO. It has a red or orange color. Mercury(II) oxide is a solid at room temperature and pressure. The mineral form montroydite is very rarely found. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Praseodymium(III) fluoride is an inorganic compound with the formula PrF, being the most stable fluoride of praseodymium. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
In radical trifluoromethylation the active species is the trifluoromethyl free radical. Reagents such as bromotrifluoromethane and haloform have been used for this purpose but in response to the Montreal Protocol alternatives such as trifluoroiodomethane have been developed as replacement. One particular combination is... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Methylations are commonly performed using electrophilic methyl sources such as iodomethane, dimethyl sulfate, dimethyl carbonate, or tetramethylammonium chloride. Less common but more powerful (and more dangerous) methylating reagents include methyl triflate, diazomethane, and methyl fluorosulfonate (magic methyl). The... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The HTL process differs from pyrolysis as it can process wet biomass and produce a bio-oil that contains approximately twice the energy density of pyrolysis oil. Pyrolysis is a related process to HTL, but biomass must be processed and dried in order to increase the yield. The presence of water in pyrolysis drastically ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The favored azaenolate is the dominant starting molecule for the subsequent alkylation reaction. There are two possible faces of accessing for any electrophile to react with. The steric interaction between the pyrrolidine ring and the electrophilic reagent hinders the attack of the electrophile from the top face. On th... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Sulfur isotopes of sediments are often measured for studying environments in the Earth's past (Paleoenvironment). Disproportionation of sulfur intermediates, being one of the processes affecting sulfur isotopes of sediments, has drawn attention from geoscientists for studying the redox conditions in the oceans in the p... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Silver being in the same group as copper, Pd–Ag(I) bimetallic systems are inherently similar to Pd–Cu catalytic systems. However, silver salts are better suited for protodecarboxylation of carboxylic acids than their copper equivalents, allowing milder reaction conditions in Pd–Ag cycles relative to Pd–Cu cycles.
Ag(I)... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The three oxygen atoms form a trigonal planar geometry around the boron. The B-O bond length is 136 pm and the O-H is 97 pm. The molecular point group is C.
Two crystalline forms of orthoboric acid are known: triclinic and hexagonal. The former is the most common; the second, which is a bit more stable thermodynamicall... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Ziegler and coworkers reacted an allyl iodide with the azaenolate to generate a chiral hydrocarbon chain. To avoid loss of the enantiomeric purity of the product, the authors used cupric acetate to regenerate the carbonyl group, obtaining only moderate yield for the cleavage of C=N bond but good enantioselectivity (ee ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Hexachlorophosphazene is an inorganic compound with the formula . The molecule has a cyclic, unsaturated backbone consisting of alternating phosphorus and nitrogen centers, and can be viewed as a trimer of the hypothetical compound . Its classification as a phosphazene highlights its relationship to benzene. There is l... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The reaction mechanism of 4,4-disubstituted cyclohexadienones to 3,4-disubstituted phenol is illustrated here.
The migration tendency for the two different groups (R) present at either 4,4 position or 2,2 position can be determined by comparing the relative stability of the intermediate carbocation formed during rearr... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
In 1964 Hisatsune and Surez investigated the infrared spectrum of metaborate anions in dilute solid solutions of potassium salt in alkali halides such as potassium chloride KCl. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The parent boroxine (cyclo-(HBO)) is prepared in small quantities as a low pressure gas by high temperature reaction of water and elemental boron or reaction of various boranes (BH or BH) with O. It is thermodynamically unstable with respect to disproportionation to diborane and boron oxide. Some reactivity studies a... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
HCN has been measured in Titans atmosphere by four instruments on the Cassini space probe, one instrument on Voyager, and one instrument on Earth. One of these measurements was in situ, where the Cassini spacecraft dipped between above Titans surface to collect atmospheric gas for mass spectrometry analysis. HCN initi... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
How stereoselectivity is achieved in asymmetric nucleophilic epoxidations depends on the method employed. Covered here are various methods for the asymmetric nucleophilic epoxidation of electron-poor olefins. See below for a survey of the substrate scope of the reaction.
When chiral, non-racemic peroxides are used, the... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Barium azide is an inorganic azide with the formula . It is a barium salt of hydrazoic acid. Like most azides, it is explosive. It is less sensitive to mechanical shock than lead azide. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Organic reactions can be categorized based on the type of functional group involved in the reaction as a reactant and the functional group that is formed as a result of this reaction. For example, in the Fries rearrangement the reactant is an ester and the reaction product an alcohol.
An overview of functional groups w... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The mechanism for the conversion of an alcohol to the N-substituted thiocarbamate is shown below. The reaction proceeds under acidic conditions. The alcohol accepts a hydrogen ion from sulfuric acid to form a water, which then leaves, creating a carbocation. The mesomeric form of the cyanogroup reacts with the carbocat... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Transamination is mediated by several types of aminotransferase enzymes. An aminotransferase may be specific for an individual amino acid, or it may be able to process any member of a group of similar ones, for example the branched-chain amino acids, which comprises valine, isoleucine, and leucine. The two common type... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The sulfonyl functional group (RS(O)R') has become an important electron-withdrawing group for modern organic chemistry. α-Sulfonyl carbanions may be used as nucleophiles in alkylation reactions, Michael-type additions, and other processes. After having served their synthetic purpose, sulfonyl groups are often removed... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Sodium hydroxide can form several hydrates , which result in a complex solubility diagram that was described in detail by Spencer Umfreville Pickering in 1893. The known hydrates and the approximate ranges of temperature and concentration (mass percent of NaOH) of their saturated water solutions are:
* Heptahydrate, : ... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The reaction steps are reversible reactions and the reaction is driven to completion by removal of water e.g. by azeotropic distillation, molecular sieves or titanium tetrachloride. Primary amines react through an unstable hemiaminal intermediate which then splits off water.
Secondary amines do not lose water easily b... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Barium chlorate, when burned with a fuel, produces a vibrant green light. Because it is an oxidizer, a chlorine donor, and contains a metal, this compound produces a green color that is unparalleled. However, due to the instability of all chlorates to sulfur, acids, and ammonium ions, chlorates have been banned from us... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Various factors affect the rate of glucuronidation, which in turn will affect these molecules' clearance from the body. Generally, an increased rate of glucuronidation results in a loss of potency for the target drugs or compounds. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Sodium hydroxide reacts with protic acids to produce water and the corresponding salts. For example, when sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride is formed:
In general, such neutralization reactions are represented by one simple net ionic equation:
This type of reaction with a strong acid releas... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Enzymes that catalyse this reaction are termed aminases. Amination can occur in a number of ways including reaction with ammonia or another amine such as an alkylation, reductive amination and the Mannich reaction. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
One of the earliest synthesis of gallium nitride was at the George Herbert Jones Laboratory in 1932.
An early synthesis of gallium nitride was by Robert Juza and Harry Hahn in 1938.
GaN with a high crystalline quality can be obtained by depositing a buffer layer at low temperatures. Such high-quality GaN led to the dis... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Lithium amides are usually prepared in the laboratory through the addition of a titrated solution of n-butyllithium in hexanes to a solution of the amine in ether. Dry glassware and inert atmosphere are required for these reactions. Alternatively, lithium amides may be prepared by the direct action of lithium on the co... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The crystal unit of the solid hexahydrate •6 contains the neutral molecule trans- and two molecules of water of crystallization. This species dissolves readily in water and alcohol.
The anhydrous salt is hygroscopic and the hexahydrate is deliquescent. The dihydrate, CoCl(HO), is a coordination polymer. Each Co center... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Lanthanum oxide is most useful as a precursor to other lanthanum compounds. Neither the oxide nor any of the derived materials enjoys substantial commercial value, unlike some of the other lanthanides. Many reports describe efforts toward practical applications of , as described below.
forms glasses of high density,... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Epoxidation with dioxiranes refers to the synthesis of epoxides from alkenes using three-membered cyclic peroxides, also known as dioxiranes.
Dioxiranes are three-membered cyclic peroxides containing a weak oxygen-oxygen bond. Although they are able to effect oxidations of heteroatom functionality and even carbon-hydro... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Glycoconjugate is the covalently bonded product of oligosaccharides to the biomolecules such as proteins and lipids. They play indispensable role in the biological activities of mammalian cells from energy generation to cell signalling. These glycoconjugates with short oligosaccharide structures are important for the ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Organostannane addition reactions comprise the nucleophilic addition of an allyl-, allenyl-, or propargylstannane to an aldehyde, imine, or, in rare cases, a ketone. The reaction is widely used for carbonyl allylation.
Organostannane addition to carbonyl groups constitutes one of the most common and efficient methods ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Cyclophosphazenes such as hexachlorophosphazene are distinguished by notable stability and equal P–N bond lengths which, in many such cyclic molecules, would imply delocalization or even aromaticity. To account for these features, early bonding models starting from the mid-1950s invoked a delocalised π system arising f... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Either copper powder or copper salts can be used very generally for intramolecular reactions of diazocarbonyl compounds. This section describes the different types of diazocarbonyl compounds that may undergo intramolecular reactions in the presence of copper. Note that for intermolecular reactions of diazocarbonyl comp... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
At least three plausible mechanisms for the Elbs reaction have been suggested. The first mechanism, suggested by Fieser, begins with a heat-induced cyclisation of the benzophenone, followed by a [[Sigmatropic reaction#%5B1,3%5D-shifts|[1,3]-hydride shift]] to give the compound . A dehydration reaction then affords the ... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Starting from the late 1980s, more modern calculations and the lack of spectroscopic evidence reveal that the P 3d contribution is negligible, invalidating the earlier hypothesis. Instead, a charge separated model is generally accepted.
According to this description, the P–N bond is viewed as a very polarised one (betw... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Secondary amines can be alkylated with cuprates. The reaction is based on the oxidative coupling of lithium alkyl copper amide which is reported to form in situ during the reaction between lithium dialkylcuprates and primary or secondary amides. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Praseodymium(III) oxalate can be prepared from the reaction of soluble praseodymium salts with oxalic acid: | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
In aqueous solution, sodium molybdate features dissociated sodium ions and tetrahedral molybdate (MoO), which adopts a sulfate-like structure. The solid dihydrate material has a complex structure typical for alkali metal salts of oxyanions. The MoO subunits are tetrahedral with Mo-O distances near 178 pm. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Cycloisomerization is any isomerization in which the cyclic isomer of the substrate is produced in the reaction coordinate. The greatest advantage of cycloisomerization reactions is its atom economical nature, by design nothing is wasted, as every atom in the starting material is present in the product. In most cases t... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Sulfones with a good leaving group in the β position may undergo reductive elimination under desulfonylation conditions to afford alkenes. This process is a key step of the Julia olefination, which yields alkenes via addition of an α-sulfonyl carbanion to an aldehyde followed by reductive elimination. Sodium amalgam or... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
O-linked glycosylation is a form of glycosylation that occurs in eukaryotes in the Golgi apparatus, but also occurs in archaea and bacteria. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Electron diffraction measurements of the vapour at 255 K established that digallane is structurally similar to diborane with 2 bridging hydrogen atoms (so-called three-center two-electron bonds). The terminal Ga-H bond length is 152 pm, the Ga-H bridging is 171 pm and the Ga-H-Ga angle is 98°. The Ga-Ga distance is 258... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
The most common composition is iron thermite. The oxidizer used is usually either iron(III) oxide or iron(II,III) oxide. The former produces more heat. The latter is easier to ignite, likely due to the crystal structure of the oxide. Addition of copper or manganese oxides can significantly improve the ease of ignition.... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Carbon-based life originates from carboxylation that couples atmospheric carbon dioxide to a sugar. The process is usually catalysed by the enzyme RuBisCO. Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, the enzyme that catalyzes this carboxylation, is possibly the single most abundant protein on Earth.
Many carboxyl... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Calcium silicate hydrates (or C-S-H) are the main products of the hydration of Portland cement and are primarily responsible for the strength of cement-based materials. They are the main binding phase ("the glue") in most concrete. Only well defined and rare natural crystalline minerals can be abbreviated as CSH while ... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
A variety of alternative heteroatom oxidation reagents are known, including peroxides (often employed with a transition metal catalyst) and oxaziridines. These reagents do not suffer from the over-oxidation problems and decomposition issues associated with dioxiranes; however, their substrate scope tends to be more lim... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Copper(II) borate can be prepared by heating a stoichiometric mixture of copper(II) oxide and diboron trioxide to 900 °C. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
In organic chemistry, dehalogenation is a set of chemical reactions that involve the cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds; as such, it is the inverse reaction of halogenation. Dehalogenations come in many varieties, including defluorination (removal of fluorine), dechlorination (removal of chlorine), debromination (removal... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
When treated with sodium borohydride, molybdate is reduced to molybdenum(IV) oxide:
:NaMoO + NaBH + 2HO → NaBO + MoO + 2NaOH + 3H
Sodium molybdate reacts with the acids of dithiophosphates:
:NaMoO + → [MoO(SP(OR))]
which further reacts to form [MoO(SP(OR))]. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Fluoroantimonic acid solution is so reactive that it is challenging to identify media with which it is unreactive. Materials compatible with fluoroantimonic acid as a solvent include SOClF, and sulfur dioxide; some chlorofluorocarbons have also been used. Containers for HF/SbF are made of PTFE.
Fluoroantimonic acid so... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
A solution of sodium hydroxide in water was traditionally used as the most common paint stripper on wooden objects. Its use has become less common, because it can damage the wood surface, raising the grain and staining the colour. | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Methanogenesis, the process that generates methane from CO, involves a series of methylation reactions. These reactions are caused by a set of enzymes harbored by a family of anaerobic microbes.
In reverse methanogenesis, methane is the methylating agent. | 0 | Organic Reactions |
As shown in Eq. 2, the neutral pathway of the Heck reaction begins with the oxidative addition of the aryl or alkenyl halide into a coordinatively unsaturated palladium(0) complex (typically bound to two phosphine ligands) to give complex I. Dissociation of a phosphine ligand followed by association of the alkene yield... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
The mechanism of the SHJ reaction begins with the formation of the key cyclic cation 1. Nucleophilic attack at the anomeric position by the most nucleophilic nitrogen (N) then occurs, yielding the desired β-nucleoside 2. A second reaction of this nucleoside with 1 generates bis(riboside) 3. Depending on the nature of t... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
For trisubstituted alkenes such as 1, boron is predominantly placed on the less substituted carbon. The minor product, in which the boron atom is placed on the more substituted carbon, is usually produced in less than 10%. A notable case with lower regioselectivity is styrene, and the selectivity is strongly influenced... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Methoxy groups heavily decorate the biopolymer lignin. Much interest has been shown in converting this abundant form of biomass into useful chemicals (aside from fuel). One step in such processing is demethylation.
The demethylation of vanillin, a derivative of lignin, requires and strong base. Pulp and paper ind... | 0 | Organic Reactions |
Like other corrosive acids and alkalis, a few drops of sodium hydroxide solutions can readily decompose proteins and lipids in living tissues via amide hydrolysis and ester hydrolysis, which consequently cause chemical burns and may induce permanent blindness upon contact with eyes. Solid alkali can also express its co... | 1 | Inorganic Reactions + Inorganic Compounds |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.