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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A three-year-old girl presents to general pediatrics clinic for a well-child visit. Her mother reports that she has been growing and developing normally but because of new behaviors she has noticed with her child, she is concerned of possible abuse by the child's stepfather. Vital signs are stable and the physical ex... | A: Simulating intercourse |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An otherwise healthy 65-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up visit for elevated blood pressure. Three weeks ago, his blood pressure was 160/80 mmHg. Subsequent home blood pressure measurements at days 5, 10, and 15 found: 165/75 mm Hg, 162/82 mm Hg, and 170/80 mmHg, respectively. He had a cold that was... | A: Decrease in arterial compliance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department from school after falling in gym class. He was unable to stand after the accident and has a painful and swollen knee. On presentation he says that he has never had an incident like this before; however, he does suffer from hard to control nosebleeds and prolong... | C: Binds to subendothelial collagen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 81-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her son because of worsening forgetfulness and disorientation over the past 2 years. She has to be reminded of her grandchildren's names and frequently forgets her current address. She lives with her son. She has occasional episodes of urinary incontinence. She appe... | D: Galantamine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-day-old female infant undergoes a newborn examination by her pediatrician. The physician adducts both of the patient's hips and exerts a posterior force on her knees; this results in an abnormally increased amount of translation of the left lower extremity in comparison to the contralateral side. The physician th... | B: Deformation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his parents because of swelling and tenderness of his left upper arm. According to the father, the boy was running in the garden when he fell and injured his arm 2 days ago. His mother had been on a business trip the past week. The boy's father and 18-year-old brothe... | A: Notify Child Protective Services |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of lightheadedness, weakness, and abdominal pain for 6 hours. Over the past 3 days, she has also had severe nausea, vomiting, and watery diarrhea. She was diagnosed with pulmonary sarcoidosis 2 years ago. Current medications include prednisone. Her te... | B: Decreased corticotropin-releasing hormone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for trouble sleeping. The patient states that when she goes to bed at night she has an urge to get up out of bed and walk around. The patient often wakes her husband when she does this which irritates him. She states that there is a perpetual uneasiness and f... | C: Iron studies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy is brought by his mother to the emergency room for malaise, dizziness, and sleepiness. The mother owns a dry cleaning shop and found her son in the back room with an open canister of carbon tetrachloride, one of their cleaning fluids. The boy reports feeling nauseous and has a mild headache. He has a... | C: Hepatocytes |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 73-year-old male is brought into the ED unconscious with cold, clammy skin. His blood pressure is 65 over palpable. There is no signs of blood loss. You recognize the patient is in acute shock and blood is drawn for investigation as resuscitation is initiated. Which of the following might you expect in your laborat... | E: Increased blood lactate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old woman presents to the clinic for a routine checkup. She has unintentionally lost 4.5 kg (9.9 lb) in the past month but denies any other complaints. Her pulse rate is 90/min, respiratory rate is 18/min, temperature is 37.0°C (98.6°F), and blood pressure is 150/70 mm Hg. An irregularly irregular rhythm is... | E: Toxic multinodular goiter |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 79-year-old man presents to the emergency department with abdominal pain. The patient describes the pain as severe, tearing, and radiating to the back. His history is significant for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, intermittent claudication, and a 60 pack-year history of smoking. He also has a previously diagnosed st... | E: Surgery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year old man comes to the physician because of fatigue for 6 months. He says that he wakes up every morning feeling tired. Most days of the week he feels sleepy during the day and often takes an afternoon nap for an hour. His wife says he snores in the middle of the night. He has a history of heart failure and a... | D: In-laboratory polysomnography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 48-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of a nonpruritic rash on his right forearm. The rash began as pustules and progressed to form nodules and ulcers. He works as a gardener. Physical examination shows right axillary lymphadenopathy and the findings in the photograph... | E: Sporothrix schenckii |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of arm pain following a fall that took place 5 hours ago. According to his mother, the boy was running in the yard when he fell and injured his right arm. The boy is crying and clutching his arm. During the past year, he has been brought in 4 other times for extrem... | E: Type 1 collagen defect " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the immunologic response to a Staphylococcus aureus toxin in a mouse model. Fourteen days after injecting mice with this toxin, he isolates antibodies against neutrophil proteinase 3 in their sera. A patient with high concentrations of these antibodies would most likely present with which ... | C: Nasal mucosal ulcerations and hematuria |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman presents to her gynecologist’s office complaining of increasing fatigue. She mentions that she has been feeling this way over the past few months especially since her menstrual periods started becoming heavier than usual. She denies any abdominal pain, except for cramps during menstruation which a... | B: Ultrasound of the pelvis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old boy is brought to the clinic for recurrent bedwetting. The child has an intellectual disability; thus, the mother is providing most of the history. She states that the child constantly drinks fluids and has a difficult time making it to the bathroom as often as he needs. Therefore, he sometimes wets hims... | B: Defect of Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter at the thick ascending loop of Henle |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-week-old newborn is brought to the emergency department by his parents because of 4 episodes of vomiting that occurred that morning. The parents report that the vomit was yellowish-green with no blood in it. The patient was born at 38 weeks' gestation via vaginal delivery and has generally been healthy. He has pa... | B: Upper gastrointestinal contrast series |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of progressively worsening pain on the outer side of her left elbow. She does not recall any trauma to the area. The patient plays badminton recreationally. Examination shows tenderness over the lateral surface of the left distal humerus. The pain... | D: Repeated wrist extension |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old girl is brought to an oncologist, as she was recently diagnosed with a rare form of cancer. Cytogenetic studies reveal that the tumor is responsive to vinblastine, which is a cell-cycle specific anticancer agent. It acts on the M phase of the cell cycle and inhibits the growth of cells. Which of the fol... | A: Cyclin-dependent activation of CDK1 (CDC2) takes place upon the entry of a cell into M phase of the cell cycle. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old boy presents to the pediatrician for a routine checkup. He and his family immigrated from Pakistan to the United States when he was 9 years of age. Per his mother, he had measles when he was 4 years of age and a high fever following a sore throat at the age 7. He received all appropriate vaccinations wh... | E: Reversal of left-to-right shunting |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man seeks evaluation at an office with a complaint of breathlessness of several months duration. He is able to do his daily tasks, but says that he is not as efficient as before. His breathlessness has been progressive with the recent onset of a dry cough. The past medical history is significant for a c... | B: Amiodarone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A child with which of the following diseases would have the highest morbidity from being outside during a hot summer day?? {'A': 'Tay-Sachs disease', 'B': 'Cystic fibrosis', 'C': 'Cerebral palsy', 'D': 'Down syndrome', 'E': 'Asthma'}, | B: Cystic fibrosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying bone metabolism and compares the serum studies and bone biopsy findings of a cohort of women 25–35 years of age with those from a cohort of women 55–65 years of age. Which of the following processes is most likely to be increased in the cohort of older women?? {'A': 'Expression of RANK lig... | A: Expression of RANK ligand |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 82-year-old man comes to the physician complaining of frequent urination, especially at night, and difficulty initiating urination. However, he points out that his symptoms have improved slightly since he started terazosin 2 months ago. He has a history of stable angina. Other medications include nitroglycerin, me... | A: Finasteride |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis comes to the physician for a follow-up examination one week after being discharged from the hospital. While she was in the hospital, she received acetaminophen and erythropoietin. This patient most likely has which of the following additional conditions?? {'A': 'Factor VI... | D: Anemia of chronic disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old man presents to the emergency department after an altercation at a local bar. The patient was stabbed in the abdomen with a 6 inch kitchen knife in the epigastric region. His temperature is 97°F (36.1°C), blood pressure is 97/68 mmHg, pulse is 127/min, respirations are 19/min, and oxygen saturation is 9... | D: Exploratory laparotomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after collapsing on the street. On arrival, he is obtunded. His pulse is 110/min and blood pressure is 250/120 mm Hg. A CT scan of the head shows an intracerebral hemorrhage involving bilateral thalamic nuclei and the third ventricle. Cortical detect... | D: Olfactory |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Which of the following events is likely to occur in the germinal center?? {'A': 'Development of early pro-B cells', 'B': 'Development of immature B cells', 'C': 'T-cell negative selection', 'D': 'Isotype switching', 'E': 'Formation of double-positive T cells'}, | D: Isotype switching |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-week-old infant is brought to the physician by her father because of a 1-week history of vaginal discharge. The discharge was initially clear, but now he notices that it is tinged with blood. The father is also concerned about “bruises” on his daughter's back and buttocks. Both parents work so that the infant spe... | A: Reassurance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old boy is brought to the physician for a follow-up examination. He has been having difficulties with his schoolwork over the past 4 years. He has a seizure disorder treated with valproic acid. He was able to walk independently at the age of 3 years and was able to use a fork and spoon at the age of 4 year... | A: Optic glioma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old woman presents with increasing shortness of breath on exertion for the past few months. She also complains of associated fatigue and some balance issues. The patient denies swelling of her feet and difficulty breathing at night or while lying down. Physical examination is significant for conjunctival pa... | E: Methylmalonyl-CoA |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 41-year-old construction worker presents to the office complaining of a progressively worsening breathlessness for the last 2 months. He has no other complaints. His medical history is significant for hypertension being treated with lisinopril-hydrochlorothiazide and gastroesophageal reflux disease being treated wi... | B: Bronchogenic carcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her friends. She is naked except for a blanket and speaking rapidly and incoherently. Her friends say that she was found watering her garden naked and refused to put on any clothes when they tried to make her do so, saying that she has accepted how beautif... | B: Inhibition of inositol monophosphatase and inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman presents with intense vaginal pruritus and pain for the past week. She says the pain is worse when she urinates. Her last menstrual period was 4 weeks ago. She is sexually active, has a single partner, and uses condoms infrequently. She denies any recent history of fevers, chills, abdominal or fla... | B: Oral fluconazole for the patient alone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man presents to the office complaining of a sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and difficulty opening his mouth for the past 5 days. He states that he had symptoms like this before and "was given some antibiotics that made him feel better". He is up to date on his immunizations. On examination, his tem... | B: Lemierre syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A healthy 48-year-old presents for a well-patient visit. He has no symptoms and feels well. Past medical history is significant for asthma, chronic sinusitis, and nasal polyps. He occasionally takes diphenhydramine for allergies. Both of his parents and an elder brother are in good health. Today, his blood pressure i... | D: Have you had a reaction to aspirin in the past? |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-day-old neonate is brought to the emergency department by his parents with high-grade fever, inability to feed, and lethargy. Since his birth, he was active and energetic, feeding every 2-3 hours and making 6-8 wet diapers every day until 2 days ago when he vomited twice, developed diarrhea, and slowly became le... | C: Dura layer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Five days after undergoing an open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, a 68-year-old woman has crampy abdominal pain. During this period, she has also had two episodes of loose, bloody stools. Her surgery was complicated by severe blood loss requiring the administration of vasopressors and multiple transfusions. Cefazo... | D: Ischemic colitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman comes to the emergency room 30 minutes after the sudden onset of chest pain radiating to the left shoulder. Prior to the onset of her symptoms, she was lying in bed because of a migraine headache. Episodes of similar chest pain usually resolved after a couple of minutes. She has smoked one pack of... | E: Diltiazem " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 2, is admitted to the hospital because of shortness of breath and fatigue 2 weeks after delivery of a full-term female newborn. She has no history of major medical illness. Cardiac examination on admission shows an S3 gallop and a grade 2/6 holosystolic murmur heard best at the ap... | A: Mitral annular dilatation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old woman presents to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. She feels well and has no current complaints. She has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. The vital signs include: blood pressure 185/110 mm Hg, pulse 75/min, and respiration rate 12/min. Her high blood pre... | C: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after having chest pain for the last hour. He rates his pain as 8/10, dull in character, and says it is associated with sweating and shortness of breath. He has a history of diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. His current medication list includes amlodipine, asp... | E: Percutaneous coronary intervention |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-month history of fatigue and weight loss. Physical examination shows jaundice. The liver is palpated 3 cm below the right costal margin. Serum studies show an elevated alpha-fetoprotein and a prolonged prothrombin time. Genetic analysis of a liver biopsy specime... | C: Dietary aflatoxin exposure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:The patient declines the use of oxytocin or any other further testing and decides to await a spontaneous delivery. Five weeks later, she comes to the emergency department complaining of vaginal bleeding for 1 hour. Her pulse is 110/min, respirations are 18/min, and blood pressure is 112/76 mm Hg. Pulse oximetry on ro... | D: Thromboplastin in maternal circulation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 81-year-old man comes to the physician because of increased exertional dyspnea and dizziness over the past 8 weeks. He has hypertension for which he takes lisinopril. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for the past 50 years. Physical examination shows weak peripheral pulses. Cardiac examination is shown. W... | B: Aortic stenosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man presents to the emergency department concerned about a large amount of blood in his recent bowel movement. He states he was at home when he noticed a large amount of red blood in his stool. He is not experiencing any pain and otherwise feels well. The patient has a past medical history of diabetes a... | B: Increase fiber and fluid intake |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old female with a history of anxiety has a panic attack marked by dizziness, weakness, and blurred vision. Which of the following most likely accounts for the patient’s symptoms?? {'A': 'Oxygen toxicity', 'B': 'Increased arterial CO2', 'C': 'Decreased cerebral blood flow', 'D': 'Decreased respiratory rate',... | C: Decreased cerebral blood flow |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman is brought into the emergency department by an ambulance after swallowing a bottle of pain medication in a suicide attempt. According to her parents, she recently had a fight with her boyfriend and was acting very depressed. She claims to not remember what she had taken. Further inquiry reveals sh... | B: Aspirin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician’s office with episodes of pain in her right hand. She says that the pain is most significant at night and awakens her from sleep numerous times. When she experiences this pain, she immediately puts her hand under warm running water or shakes her hand. She has... | C: Nerve conduction studies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman comes to the physician because of poor sleep for the past 8 months. She has been gradually sleeping less because of difficulty initiating sleep at night. She does not have trouble maintaining sleep. On average, she sleeps 4–5 hours each night. She feels tired throughout the day but does not take n... | B: Triazolam |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 16-year-old boy comes to the physician because of a pruritic rash on the chest that has become progressively larger over the past 10 days. It is not painful. He is sexually active with two female partners and uses condoms inconsistently. He works part-time as a lifeguard. He has no family history... | C: Topical miconazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man was brought to the emergency department by his wife when he passed out for 5 seconds after dinner at home. He says that he recalls feeling lightheaded moments prior to passing out and also had some palpitations. Otherwise, he has been feeling fatigued recently and has had some shortness of breath. H... | A: Decreased rate of phase 0 depolarization and increased action potential duration |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old female presents complaining of a persistent nonproductive cough and headache that has gradually developed over the past week. Chest radiograph demonstrates bilateral diffuse interstitial infiltrates. No pathologic organisms are noted on Gram stain of the patient’s sputum. Which of the following findings... | A: Clumping of red blood cells after the patient’s blood is drawn and transferred into a chilled EDTA-containing vial |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old male is brought into the emergency department by emergency medical services. The patient has a history of substance abuse and was found down in his apartment lying on his right arm. He was last seen 24 hours earlier by his mother who lives in the same building. He is disoriented and unable to answer any... | C: Hyperkalemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old primigravid woman at 38 weeks' gestation is brought to the emergency department in active labor. She has not had regular prenatal care. She has a history of HIV infection but is not currently on antiretroviral therapy. Her previous viral load is unknown. Treatment with intravenous zidovudine is begun to... | D: Elongation of viral DNA |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:You are the attending physician on duty on an inpatient hospitalist team. A 48-year-old patient with a history of COPD and atrial fibrillation on warfarin is admitted to your service for management of a COPD exacerbation. Four days into her admission, routine daily lab testing shows that patient has an INR of 5. She ... | A: Tell the patient that a mistake was made and explain why it happened |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by a neighbor who saw him struck by a car. The man reports that the boy is intellectually disabled, and his parents frequently leave him unattended at home for most of the day. He walks around the neighborhood and sometimes has difficulty finding his way home. T... | E: Neglect |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old man presents to the clinic with several days of flatulence and greasy, foul-smelling diarrhea. He says that he was on a camping trip last week after which his symptoms started. When asked further about his camping activities, he reports collecting water from a stream but did not boil or chemically treat... | A: Giardiasis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman, otherwise healthy, is brought into the emergency department after being struck by a motor vehicle. She experienced heavy bleeding and eventually expires due to her injuries. She does not have a past medical history and was not taking any medications. She appears to be a good candidate for organ d... | B: An organ donor network |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old Caucasian woman visits her family physician for a checkup and to discuss her laboratory results from a previous visit. The medical history is significant for obesity, hypothyroidism, and chronic venous insufficiency. The medications include thyroxine and a multivitamin. In her previous visit, she compla... | E: No further renal tests are required |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old man presents to a community health center for a routine check-up. The medical history is significant for a major depressive disorder that began around the time he arrived in the United States from India, his native country. For the last few months, he has been living in the local homeless shelter and al... | E: Quantiferon testing |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 8-month history of worsening difficulties swallowing food and retrosternal chest discomfort. She reports that she sometimes has a feeling of “food getting stuck” in her throat and hears a “gurgling sound” from her throat while eating. She says that she occasiona... | A: Barium esophagram |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman comes to the physician because of frequent episodes of headaches and tinnitus over the past 3 months. One week ago, she had a brief episode of left arm weakness and numbness that lasted for 2 minutes before spontaneously resolving. She is otherwise healthy and takes no medications. She has smoked ... | A: Fibromuscular dysplasia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 78-year-old male with a 35-pack-year smoking history, hyperlipidemia, and peripheral vascular disease is at home eating dinner with his wife when he suddenly has acute onset, crushing chest pain. He lives in a remote rural area, and, by the time the paramedics arrive 30 minutes later, he is pronounced dead. What is... | E: Ventricular fibrillation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old woman presents for an annual flu shot. She has no symptoms. Past medical history is significant for mild rheumatoid arthritis, diagnosed 3 years ago and managed with celecoxib and methotrexate. Current medications also include a daily folate-containing multivitamin. She also had 2 elective cesarean sect... | A: C-reactive protein (CRP) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old girl comes to the clinic with a chief complaint of a swollen eye and sinus infection for 4 days. She complained of left nasal pain prior to these symptoms. The patient noticed that the swelling and redness of her left eye has progressively worsened. It has been difficult to open her eyelids, and she comp... | E: Phagolysosome formation by neutrophils |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old Caucasian boy presents to your family practice office complaining of itchiness. He denies other symptoms. He also denies tobacco, alcohol, or other illicit drug use and is not sexually active. He has no other significant past medical or surgical history aside from a meniscal repair from a wrestling inju... | C: Presence of hyphae when KOH added to skin scrapings |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old female with a history of poorly controlled hyperlipidemia and obesity presents to her primary care physician for a follow-up visit. She reports that she feels well and has no complaints. She currently takes atorvastatin. Her temperature is 99°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 135/80 mmHg, pulse is 80/min, a... | E: Fat malabsorption |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department with a mild fever for the past week. He has also had generalized weakness and fatigue for the past month. He has been complaining of diffuse pain in his legs and arms. He has a history of Down syndrome with surgical repair of a congenital atrial septal defect as... | D: Bone marrow biopsy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 83-year-old woman with a history of atrial fibrillation, multiple ischemic strokes, and early dementia is found unresponsive in her apartment at her retirement community. She is believed to have not refilled any of her medications for a month, and it is determined that she passed away from a stroke nearly 2 weeks ... | C: Cystic cavitation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old girl is brought to the pediatrician for the first time by her mother. Her mother states that her family just emigrated from China and her daughter has seemed to have difficulty adjusting to the American diet. Specifically, she seems to have abdominal discomfort and increased flatulence whenever she eats ... | C: Positive hydrogen breath test |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-day-old, 2200 g (4 lb 14 oz) male newborn is brought to the physician because of poor feeding and irritability. He was born at 36 weeks' gestation after the pregnancy was complicated by premature rupture of membranes. His APGAR scores at delivery were 5 and 8 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. He appears lethargic... | D: Ampicillin and gentamicin therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:You are tasked with analyzing the negative predictive value of an experimental serum marker for ovarian cancer. You choose to enroll 2,000 patients across multiple clinical sites, including both 1,000 patients with ovarian cancer and 1,000 age-matched controls. From the disease and control subgroups, 700 and 100 are ... | C: 900 / (900 + 300) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman recently noticed a mass in her left breast. The examination shows a 4-cm mass in the left upper quadrant. The mass is firm, mobile, and has well-defined margins. She complains of occasional tenderness. There is no lymphatic involvement. Mammography showed a dense lesion. What is the most likely ca... | B: Fibroadenoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old woman with no significant medical history presents with a four-week history of epigastric pain. The pain tends to occur two hours after meals. She has lost 4 pounds over the last four weeks. She is allergic to azithromycin and clarithromycin. A urea breath test detects radiolabeled carbon dioxide in exh... | A: Formation of free radicals |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 1-day-old male infant is evaluated in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for dyspnea. He was born at 34 weeks gestation. Apgar scores were 6 and 8 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. The pregnancy was complicated by polyhydramnios. His mother is a healthy 33-year-old G1P1 woman who received adequate prenatal car... | E: Ventricular septal defect |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old man presents with a history of intermittent fever for the last 2 days. He says his episodes of fever are accompanied by shaking and chills. He mentions that his father has been recently recovered from chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum malaria, which was treated successfully with quinine. On physical e... | C: Cimetidine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old man presents to his physician for a follow-up appointment for a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg during his last visit. He was advised to record his blood pressure at home with an automated device twice every day. He recorded a wide range of blood pressure values in the past week, ranging from 110/70 mm H... | A: Afferent arteriole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old man visits the office with complaints of fever and abdominal pain for the past 6 days. He is also concerned about his weight loss as he weighs 3.6 kg (8 lb) less, today, than he did 2 months ago. He has a previous history of being admitted to the hospital for recurrent cholangitis. The vital signs inclu... | B: Liver abscess |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 1-year-old Caucasian male is on pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) to maintain a healthy body mass index. Sweat chloride test is 68 mmol/L (< 29 mmol/L = normal). The patient has a relative who was also on PERT but passed away in his mid-20s due to respiratory failure, and was unable to have children. Whi... | A: Bone mineral density |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-hour-old newborn presents to the emergency department after a home birth because of fever, irritability alternating with lethargy, and poor feeding. The patient’s mother says symptoms acutely onset 12 hours ago and have not improved. No significant past medical history. His mother did not receive any prenatal ca... | D: Group B Streptococcus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old man presents to the emergency department after being rescued from his home. He was working at home alone on some renovations when 1 of his house's walls collapsed on him. His legs were trapped under the debris for about 30 hours before a neighbor came by, found him, and called an ambulance. He is very m... | E: Start IV fluids |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A researcher wants to study the carcinogenic effects of a food additive. From the literature, he finds that 7 different types of cancers have been linked to the consumption of this food additive. He wants to study all 7 possible outcomes. He conducts interviews with people who consume food containing these additives ... | B: Cohort study |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman presents for a follow-up visit. She was diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia 3 months ago, for which she was prescribed ferrous sulfate twice daily. She says the medication has not helped, and she still is suffering from fatigue and shortness of breath when she exerts herself. Past medical histor... | E: Helicobacter pylori fecal antigen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:The human body obtains vitamin D either from diet or from sun exposure. Darker-skinned individuals require more sunlight to create adequate vitamin D stores as the increased melanin in their skin acts like sunscreen; thus, it blocks the necessary UV required for vitamin D synthesis. Therefore, if these individuals sp... | B: Cholecalciferol (D3) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old woman is brought to the emergency room 1 hour after she ingested 12 pills of acetaminophen. She had a fight with her boyfriend immediately prior to the ingestion, during which she threatened to kill herself if he broke up with her. She has been hospitalized 4 times for overdoses in the past 3 years foll... | D: Splitting |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old girl is brought to the physician for evaluation of severe acne on her face, chest, and back for the past 2 years. She has no itching or scaling associated with the lesions. She has been treated in the past with a combination of oral cephalexin and topical benzoyl peroxide without clinical improvement. S... | C: Measure serum beta-hCG levels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother for a rash. The patient had a sore throat a few days ago with symptoms initially well-controlled with lozenges. However, today he had a rash covering his body, which prompted his presentation. The mother states that she did smear an herbal remedy ... | D: Scarlet fever |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old male is brought to your office by his mother for evaluation. The patient develops a skin presentation similar to Image A on his cheeks and chin when exposed to certain food products. This patient is most likely predisposed to develop which of the following?? {'A': 'Fingernail pitting', 'B': 'Arthralgias'... | C: Wheezing |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man with a history of intravenous drug use comes to the physician because of anorexia, nausea, dark urine, and abdominal pain for 2 weeks. Physical examination shows scleral icterus and right upper quadrant tenderness. Serum studies show: Alanine aminotransferase 1248 U/L Aspartate aminotransferase 980 ... | B: Slowly progressive hepatitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator has conducted a prospective study to evaluate the relationship between asthma and the risk of myocardial infarction (MI). She stratifies her analyses by biological sex and observed that among female patients, asthma was a significant predictor of MI risk (hazard ratio = 1.32, p < 0.001). However, amon... | E: Effect modification " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 11-year-old girl is brought to her primary care physician by her mother with complaints of constant lower abdominal pain and foul-smelling urine for the past 2 days. The patient has had several previous episodes of simple urinary tract infections in the past. Her vitals signs show mild tachycardia without fever. P... | A: Social anxiety disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man presents to the emergency department with back pain. The patient states that he has back pain that has been steadily worsening over the past month. He states that his pain is worse in the morning but feels better after he finishes at work for the day. He rates his current pain as a 7/10 and says tha... | B: Radiography of the lumbosacral spine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. Over the past six months, he has had an increase in the frequency of his bowel movements and occasional bloody stools. He has hypertension, coronary artery disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. He has smoked one pack ... | C: Colonoscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man, with a history of alcoholism, presents with loss of appetite, abdominal pain, and fever for the past 24 hours. He says he consumed 12 beers and a bottle of vodka 2 days ago. He reports a 19-year history of alcoholism. His blood pressure is 100/70 mm Hg, pulse is 100/min, respirations are 20/min, an... | E: Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies with keratin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of epigastric pain, sweating, and breathlessness for 45 minutes. She has hypertension treated with hydrochlorothiazide. She has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for the past 30 years and drinks 1 glass of wine daily. Her pulse is 105/min and blood pressur... | C: Increased pulmonary capillary pressure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 43-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of nonbloody diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, and bloating. When the symptoms began, several of his coworkers had similar symptoms but only for about 3 days. Abdominal examination shows diffuse tenderness with no guarding or rebound. Stool sampling r... | E: Lactase deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents because of fever and mild abdominal pain for 7 days. His parents report that he developed a rash 2 days ago. He has had no diarrhea or vomiting. Four weeks ago, he returned from a camping trip to Colorado with his family. His immunization records are unavail... | E: Intravenous immunoglobulin |
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