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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old man presents to the emergency department with pain and swelling of his right leg for the past 2 days. Three days ago he collapsed on his leg after tripping on a rug. It was a hard fall and left him with bruising of his leg. Since then the pain and swelling of his leg have been gradually increasing. Past... | B: Perform a venous ultrasound |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man comes to the clinic complaining of a persistent cough for the last few months. His cough started gradually about a year ago, and it became more severe and persistent despite all his attempts to alleviate it. During the past year, he also noticed some weight loss and a decrease in his appetite. He al... | C: Phrenic nerve |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman comes to the emergency department one hour after the sudden onset of diffuse abdominal pain and nausea. She has no history of serious illness. Menses occur at regular 27-day intervals and last 4 to 6 days with moderate flow. Her last menstrual period was 6 weeks ago. She is sexually active with tw... | B: Administer intravenous normal saline fluids |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An otherwise healthy 15-year-old girl is brought to the physician for evaluation of severe acne that involves her face, chest, and back. It has not improved with her current combination therapy of oral cephalexin and topical benzoyl peroxide. She is sexually active with one male partner, and they use condoms consiste... | A: Perform quantitative beta-hCG assay |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 76-year-old female is brought to the emergency department after being found unresponsive in her room at her nursing facility. Past medical history is significant for Alzheimer's disease, hypertension, and diabetes. Surgical history is notable for an open cholecystectomy at age 38 and multiple cesarean sections. On ... | B: Immediate laparotomy and surgical management |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman, gravida 4, para 3, comes to the physician because of left ankle swelling for 2 months. She notes that the swelling is present throughout the day and decreases when she goes to sleep. One year ago, she has had an episode of deep venous thrombosis after the delivery of her third child. Her prepregn... | B: Popliteal vein to small saphenous vein |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her daughter because of progressive memory loss and weakness over the past 6 months. She is now unable to perform activities of daily living and has had several falls in her apartment. She has diarrhea but has not had nausea or vomiting. She was treated for tuberculo... | E: Vitamin B3 (niacin) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-month old child is brought to the ER by parents for one day of fever, decreased feeding, and lethargy. They report that neither she nor her siblings are immunized due to their concerns about vaccinations. On exam, the infant is toxic-appearing. Antibiotics are started and lumbar puncture reveals bacterial meningi... | D: Haemophilus influenza |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two days after hospital admission, a 32-year-old woman with breast cancer is visited by the attending physician in the presence of medical students. She has limited English proficiency. The attending physician describes the situation to the patient in English, and the patient nods understandably. Subsequently, the at... | C: Hiring a qualified medical interpreter in patients’ native languages |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old G3P2 woman currently 39 weeks pregnant presents to the emergency department with painful vaginal bleeding shortly after a motor vehicle accident in which she was a passenger. She had her seat belt on and reports that the airbag deployed immediately upon her car's impact against a tree. She admits that s... | D: Placental abruption |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A potassium hydroxide preparation is conducted on a skin scraping of the hypopigmented area. Microscopy of the preparation shows long hyphae among clusters of yeast cells. Based on these findings, which of the following is the most appropriate pharmacotherapy?? {'A': 'Oral fluconazole', 'B': 'Topical corticosteroid',... | D: Topical selenium sulfide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old woman presents to her physician at the 3rd week postpartum with a fever and a swollen breast with redness and tenderness. She has been breastfeeding her infant since birth. The symptoms of the patient started 4 days ago. She has not taken any antibiotics for the past 12 months. She does not have any con... | A: Prescribe dicloxacillin and encourage continuing breastfeeding |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-month-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother, who informs the doctor that her alcoholic husband hit the boy hard on his back. The blow was followed by excessive crying for several minutes and the development of redness in the area. On physical examination, the boy is dehydrated, dirty, and i... | E: Skeletal survey in 2 weeks |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a 1-week history of increasing knee pain. Specifically, he says that the pain is severe enough that he is no longer able to bend his knee. His past medical history is not significant, but he says that he is sexually active with multiple partners. On physical... | A: Gram-negative diplococci |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old man presents with fever, malaise, and severe pain in his right wrist and left knee for the last 2 days. He describes the pain as 8/10 in intensity, sharp in character, and extending from his right wrist to his fingers. He denies any recent inciting trauma or similar symptoms in the past. His past medica... | B: Arthrocentesis aspirate showing minimal, purulent joint effusion with negative culture |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man presents with 2 months of diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fatigue. He reports a weight loss of 4 kg (8 lb). He also says his joints have been hurting recently, as well. Past medical history is unremarkable. Review of systems is significant for problems with concentration and memory. Physical examinati... | A: PAS positive macrophages |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man who recently immigrated to the United States with his family is diagnosed with an autosomal dominant disorder that causes anemia by extravascular hemolysis. The doctor explains that his red blood cells (RBCs) are spherical, which decreases their lifespan and explains that a splenectomy may be requir... | D: Spectrin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old African-American woman presents to her primary care physician for a general checkup appointment. She works as a middle school teacher and has a 25 pack-year smoking history. She has a body mass index (BMI) of 22 kg/m^2 and is a vegetarian. Her last menstrual period was 1 week ago. Her current medication... | E: Smoking history |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of painful swallowing and retrosternal pain over the past 2 days. He was recently diagnosed with HIV infection, for which he now takes tenofovir, emtricitabine, and raltegravir. There is no family history of serious illness. He has smoked one pack of cigaret... | A: Infection with herpes simplex virus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old male presents to the cardiologist after passing out during a basketball practice. An echocardiogram confirmed the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The cardiologist advises that a pacemaker must be implanted to prevent any further complications and states the player cannot play basketball anymor... | D: Recommend to the legal guardian that the player stop playing and have the procedure performed |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old girl comes to the physician because of a sore throat, fevers, and fatigue for the past 3 weeks. Her temperature is 37.8°C (100°F), pulse is 97/min, and blood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg. Examination of the head and neck shows cervical lymphadenopathy, pharyngeal erythema, enlarged tonsils with exudates, and... | D: Hodgkin lymphoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old soldier stationed in Libya sustains a shrapnel injury during an attack, causing a traumatic above-elbow amputation. The resulting arterial bleed is managed with a tourniquet prior to transport to the military treatment facility. On arrival, he is alert and oriented to person, place, and time. His armor ... | D: Establish intraosseous access |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old female presents to her physician with vesicles and tense blisters across her chest, arms, and the back of her shoulders. Physical examination reveals that blistering is not present in her oral mucosa, and the epidermis does not separate upon light stroking of the skin. The patient most likely suffers fr... | A: Linearly along the epidermal basement membrane |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:In 2006, three researchers from North Carolina wanted to examine the benefits of treating the risk of suicidality in children and adolescents by looking at randomized, multicenter, controlled trials of sertraline usage compared to placebo. Their analysis found clinically significant benefits of the drug and a positiv... | A: Input values must be probabilities of the events of interest. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old Caucasian man presents to the clinic for evaluation of a mole on his back that he finds concerning. He states that his wife noticed the lesion and believes that it has been getting larger. On inspection, the lesion is 10 mm in diameter with irregular borders. A biopsy is performed. Pathology reveals abn... | B: Superficial spreading melanoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old woman presents with complaints of fever, chills, and rigor. On physical exam, she also has left sided costovertebral tenderness. Vitals include a temperature of 39.4°C (103.0°F), blood pressure of 125/84 mm Hg, and pulse of 84/min. She has type 2 diabetes and is currently taking metformin daily. Urine d... | E: Acute papillary necrosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of severe lower back pain for 3 weeks. The pain was initially exacerbated by activity but now presents also at rest. The patient has not had a headache or a cough. He reports no changes in bowel movements or urination. He has type 2 diabetes mellitus and hyp... | B: CT-guided biopsy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-week history of left flank pain and dysuria. She has had 2 episodes of urinary tract infection over the past 2 years. Her temperature is 37°C (98.6°F) and pulse is 82/min. An ultrasound of the kidneys shows left-sided hydronephrosis and echogenic foci with aco... | E: Magnesium ammonium phosphate " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-year history of progressively worsening pain in her knees and fingers. The knee pain is worse when she walks for longer than 30 minutes. When she wakes up in the morning, her fingers and knees are stiff for about 15 minutes. She cannot recall any trauma to the... | C: Osteoarthritis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman on prednisone for lupus presents to her primary care physician because she experiences a burning sensation with urination. She has also been urinating more frequently than normal. The patient denies fever, chills, nausea/vomiting, abdominal or back pain, or other changes with urination. Her vital ... | E: Tendon rupture |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of a cough and clear nasal secretions over the past 2 days. He is not coughing up any sputum. He says that he is the quarterback of his high school's football team and wants to get back to training as soon as possible. The patient's father had a myocardial infarct... | E: Reassurance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:You are called to evaluate a newborn. The patient was born yesterday to a 39-year-old mother. You observe the findings illustrated in Figures A-C. What is the most likely mechanism responsible for these findings?? {'A': 'Hypothyroidism', 'B': 'Microdeletion on chromosome 22', 'C': 'Maternal alcohol consumption during... | E: Trisomy 21 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a sharp pain in the center of his chest. The pain is knife-like and constant. Sitting alleviates the pain and lying supine aggravates it. He denies the use of nicotine, alcohol or illicit drugs. Vital signs include: temperature 37.0°C (98.6°F), blood pressur... | B: Colchicine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old man is brought in to the emergency department by his daughter. She reports that her father drank heavily for the last 16 years, but he stopped 4 days ago after he decided to quit drinking on his birthday. She also reports that he has been talking about seeing cats running in his room since this morning,... | B: Increased activity of NMDA receptors |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 13-year-old boy is brought by his mother to the emergency department because he has had fever, chills, and severe coughing for the last two days. While they originally tried to manage his condition at home, he has become increasingly fatigued and hard to arouse. He has a history of recurrent lung infections and occ... | B: Green gram-negative rod |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is developing a drug that selectively inhibits the retrograde axonal transport of rabies virus towards the central nervous system. To achieve this effect, this drug must target which of the following?? {'A': 'Tubulin', 'B': 'Kinesin', 'C': 'Dynein', 'D': 'Nidogen', 'E': 'Acetylcholine'}, | C: Dynein |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 21-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of lethargy, headache, and nausea for 2 months. His headache is holocephalic and most severe upon waking up. He is concerned about losing his spot on next season's college track team, given a recent decline in his performance during winter... | A: Chronic cerebral hypoxia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old boy is brought to the physician for a well-child visit. His parents are concerned that he has not had his growth spurt yet. As a child, he was consistently in the 60th percentile for height; now he is in the 25th percentile. His classmates make fun of his height and high-pitched voice. His parents are a... | D: Kallmann syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the genetic profile of an isolated pathogen that proliferates within macrophages. The pathogen contains sulfatide on the surface of its cell wall to prevent fusion of the phagosome and lysosome. She finds that some of the organisms under investigation have mutations in a gene that encodes ... | B: Rifampin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of anal pain that occurs during defecation and lasts for several hours. She reports that she often strains during defecation and sees bright red blood on toilet paper after wiping. She typically has 3 bowel movements per week. Physical examination... | A: Posterior midline of the anal canal, distal to the pectinate line |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of intermittent retrosternal chest pain and tightness on exertion. He has type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoarthritis of the right hip, and hypertension. Current medications include insulin, ibuprofen, enalapril, and hydrochlorothiazide. Vital signs a... | B: Diversion of blood flow from stenotic coronary arteries |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents for a follow-up examination. Since early childhood, he has had recurrent respiratory infections that cause him to miss several weeks of school each year. Last month, he had received treatment for his seventh episode of sinusitis this year. He has always had... | B: Absent vas deferens |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider for fatigue. She states that she has felt fatigued for the past 6 months and has tried multiple diets and sleep schedules to improve her condition, but none have succeeded. She has no significant past medical history. She is currently taking a multivitamin, fo... | A: Anti-intrinsic factor antibodies |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-month-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother because of lethargy and vomiting since he woke up 1 hour ago. The mother says that he last breastfed the previous evening and slept through the night for the first time. His family recently immigrated from Bolivia. His temperature is 38.7°C (101.2... | A: Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old boy is brought to a pediatric psychologist by his mother because of poor academic performance. The patient’s mother mentions that his academic performance was excellent in kindergarten and first grade, but his second and third-grade teachers complain that he is extremely talkative, does not complete scho... | A: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 39-year-old man presents to a primary care clinic for a routine physical exam. He denies any complaints. He has a long beard and hair, wears several copper bracelets, and a crystal amulet. When asked about his diet, he discloses eating mostly canned foods, which he has stockpiled in his cabin in case there is a nat... | E: Schizotypal personality disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman visits her physician to seek preconception advice. She is recently married and plans to have a child soon. Menses occur at regular 28-day intervals and last 5 days. She has sexual intercourse only with her husband and, at this time, they consistently use condoms for birth control. The patient cons... | B: As soon as possible |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after being involved in a high-speed motor vehicle collision in which she was the unrestrained driver. On arrival, she is semiconscious and incoherent. She has shortness of breath and is cyanotic. Her pulse is 112/min, respirations are 59/min, and ... | A: Bronchial rupture |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:You are a resident on a pediatric service entering orders late at night. Upon arrival the next morning, you note that you had mistakenly ordered that low molecular weight heparin be administered to a 17-year-old patient who does not need anti-coagulation. When you talk to her, she complains about the "shot" she had t... | D: Tell the patient and her parents about the error |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old boy presents with a history of recurrent bacterial infections, including several episodes of pneumococcal sepsis. His family history is significant for 2 maternal uncles who died from similar symptoms. Laboratory tests reveal undetectable serum levels of all isotypes of immunoglobulins and reduced levels... | A: Bruton agammaglobulinemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man comes to the emergency room because of severe breathlessness for the past few hours. Over the course of a few years, he has been treated for asthma by several physicians, but his symptoms have continued to progress. He doesn’t smoke and never did. Both his father who died at the age of 40 years and ... | C: α1-antitrypsin-deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old woman presents to her primary care doctor with diarrhea. She has had 3-10 malodorous and loose bowel movements daily for the last 6 months, though she recalls that her bowel movements started increasing in frequency nearly 2 years ago. She was otherwise healthy until 2 years ago, when she had multiple e... | A: Streptozotocin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old woman presents with difficulty walking and climbing stairs for the last 3 weeks. She has no history of trauma. The physical examination reveals a waddling gait with the trunk swaying from side-to-side towards the weight-bearing limb. When she stands on her right leg, the pelvis on the left side falls, b... | A: Right superior gluteal nerve |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man presents to the emergency department with pain in his leg. He states that the pain was sudden and that his leg feels very tender. This has happened before, but symptoms resolved a few days later with acetaminophen. His temperature is 98.5°F (36.9°C), blood pressure is 129/88 mmHg, pulse is 90/min, r... | C: Heparin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old man presents to his physician with decreased libido and inability to achieve an erection. He also reports poor sleep, loss of pleasure to do his job, and depressed mood. His symptoms started a year ago, soon after his wife got into the car accident. She survived and recovered with the minimal deficit, b... | A: Penile tumescence testing |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman, otherwise healthy, presents with a non-productive cough, sore throat, and myalgia. The patient reports that her symptoms started gradually 2 weeks ago and have not improved. She has no significant past medical history and no current medications. She is a college student and denies any recent over... | A: Low serum levels of complement |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 3, comes to the physician for very painful menses that have caused her to miss at least 3 days of work during each menstrual cycle for the past 6 months. Menses occur with heavy bleeding at regular 28-day intervals. She also has constant dull pain in the pelvic region between cycl... | A: Endometrial tissue within the uterine wall |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man is brought to the emergency department with severe epigastric discomfort and left-sided chest pain radiating to the back that began after waking up. He has also vomited several times since the pain began. He underwent an esophagogastroduodenoscopy the previous day for evaluation of epigastric pain. ... | C: Esophageal perforation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old male with a history of difficult-to-treat bipolar disorder with psychotic features is under going a medication adjustment under the guidance of his psychiatrist. The patient was previously treated with lithium and is transitioning to clozapine. Which of the following tests will the patient need routinel... | B: Complete blood count, weekly |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of urinary and fecal incontinence for 6 hours. Earlier in the day, he suffered a fall at a construction site and sustained injuries to his back and thighs but did not seek medical attention. He took ibuprofen for lower back pain. His temperature is 36.9°C (9... | C: Conus medullaris syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old female presents to the college health clinic concerned about a rash that has recently developed along her back and flank. Aside from a history of chronic diarrhea and flatulence, she reports being otherwise healthy. She is concerned that this rash could be either from bed bugs or possible be sexually tr... | C: Immunologic response to gluten |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man presents to the physician with tiredness, lethargy, bone pain, and colicky right abdominal pain for 1 month. He has no comorbidities. He does not have any significant past medical history. His height is 176 cm (5 ft 7 in), weight is 88 kg (194 lb), and his BMI is 28.47 kg/m2. The physical examinatio... | A: 99mTc sestamibi scan with ultrasound of the neck |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes mellitus and mild asthma comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. She has had several episodes of sweating, dizziness, and nausea in the past 2 months that occur during the day and always resolve after she drinks orange juice. She is compliant with her diet and insu... | C: Before exercise |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old woman seeks evaluation at the emergency room for sudden onset of pain and swelling of her left leg since last night. Her family history is significant for maternal breast cancer (diagnosed at 52 years of age) and a grandfather with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of the lungs at 45 years of age. When the p... | B: TP53 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man presents with fever and cough productive of rust-colored sputum and is diagnosed with community acquired pneumonia. The causative organism is isolated, and a Gram stain is shown in Figure 1. Which of the following most correctly describes additional features of the most likely causative organism?? {... | C: Catalase negative, alpha hemolytic, optochin sensitive |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old man is brought to the emergency room by ambulance after being found unconscious in his car parked in his garage with the engine running. His wife arrives and reveals that his past medical history is significant for severe depression treated with fluoxetine. He is now disoriented to person, place, and ti... | C: Decreased oxygen delivery to tissues |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-day-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother because of vomiting, irritability, and poor feeding. Pregnancy and delivery were uncomplicated. Physical examination shows increased muscle tone in all extremities. He appears lethargic. His diapers emit a caramel-like odor. Urine studies are positive for keto... | A: Thiamine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for foot pain. The patient states that she has pain in her foot and toes whenever she exerts herself or is at work. The patient is an executive at a medical device company and works 60 hours/week. She is currently training for a marathon. She has a past medic... | C: Intermetatarsal plantar nerve neuroma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents several weeks after the family immigrated from Russia. The parents are worried because the child appears to have trouble seeing and has not started walking. The child was born at home and has never been evaluated by a physician. During the pregnancy, the mot... | C: Spasticity of bilateral lower extremities |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy who recently immigrated to the United States from Africa with his family is brought to the emergency department by his mother for a progressively worsening ulcerative lesion on his jaw. His mother reports that her son’s right jaw has rapidly enlarged over the past few months. He says that it is very... | A: t(8;14) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the teratogenicity of cigarette smoking during pregnancy. He reviews several databases containing data about birth defects and prenatal drug exposures and finds that infants exposed to cigarette smoke in utero are approximately 2 times as likely to have a particular birth defect than unexp... | B: Cleft lip |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 79-year-old woman who lives alone is brought to the emergency department by her neighbor because of worsening confusion over the last 2 days. Due to her level of confusion, she is unable to answer questions appropriately. She has had type 2 diabetes mellitus for 29 years for which she takes metformin. Vital signs i... | D: Delirium |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman presents to the clinic with a 2-week history of headaches. She was in her usual state of health until 2 weeks ago, when she started having headaches. The headaches are throughout her whole head and rated as a 7/10. They are worse in the mornings and when she bends over. She has some mild nausea, b... | A: Vitamin A |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man presents for a screening ultrasound scan. He has been feeling well and is in his usual state of good health. His medical history is notable for mild hypertension and a 100-pack-year tobacco history. He has a blood pressure of 128/86 and heart rate of 62/min. Physical examination is clear lung sounds... | B: Surveillance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of two episodes of hemoptysis over the past 24 hours. The patient has a 6-month history of severe sinusitis and bloody nasal discharge. Her vital parameters are as follows: blood pressure, 155/75 mm Hg; pulse, 75/min; respiratory rate, 14/min; and tem... | E: Antiproteinase 3 antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 1 hour after the abrupt onset of painless loss of vision in his left eye. Over the last several years, he has noticed increased blurring of vision; he says the blurring has made it difficult to read, but he can read better if he holds the book below or above ey... | E: Ranibizumab " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old woman comes to the emergency department due to severe right flank pain, fever, chills, and decreased urine output. The vital signs include a temperature of 39.0°C (102.2°F), heart rate of 120/min, a regular breathing pattern, and blood pressure of 128/70 mm Hg. Cardiopulmonary auscultation is normal. In... | D: Struvite |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his parents for a routine checkup. The parents note that the patient recently joined a baseball team and has had trouble keeping up with his teammates and gets short of breath with exertion. The patient has otherwise been healthy and has no known history of asthma or... | D: Holosystolic murmur at the lower left sternal border |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old woman comes to the physician because she had a positive pregnancy test at home. For the past 3 weeks, she has had nausea and increased urinary frequency. She also had three episodes of non-bloody vomiting. She attends college and is on the varsity soccer team. She runs 45 minutes daily and lifts weights... | E: Stop playing soccer, continue strength training, and do not buy a ski pass |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of a 2-day history of confusion and rapidly progressive dyspnea. He has had a fever and chills for the past five days. Five years ago, he was diagnosed with hepatitis C. He has smoked two packs of cigarettes daily for 15 years and drinks one to two beer... | C: Perivalvular thickening with an echolucent cavity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old girl is admitted to the medical floor for a respiratory infection. The patient lives in a foster home and has been admitted many times. Since birth, the patient has had repeated episodes of pain/pressure over her frontal sinuses and a chronic cough that produces mucus. She was recently treated with amox... | A: Diastolic murmur best heard along the right lower sternal border |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. He has a 3-month history of a nonproductive cough. He has been treated with diphenhydramine since his last visit 2 weeks ago, but his symptoms have persisted. He does not smoke. He drinks 3 beers on the weekends. He is 177 cm (5 ft 10 in) tall and ... | B: Pulmonary function testing |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man with a recent above-the-knee amputation of the left lower extremity, due to wet gangrene secondary to refractory peripheral artery disease, presents with weakness and dizziness. He says that the symptoms began acutely 24 hours after surgery and have not improved. The amputation was complicated by su... | A: Administer IV fluids and withhold lisinopril |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old African American woman presents to her primary care provider complaining of stiff, painful fingers. She reports that her symptoms started 2 years ago and have gradually worsened. Her pain is not relieved by ibuprofen or acetaminophen. She is most concerned about having occasional episodes in which her f... | E: Nifedipine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old woman comes to the physician because of easy bruising and fatigue. She appears pale. Her temperature is 38°C (100.4°F). Examination shows a palm-sized hematoma on her left leg. Abdominal examination shows an enlarged liver and spleen. Her hemoglobin concentration is 9.5 g/dL, leukocyte count is 12,300/m... | C: All-trans retinoic acid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for evaluation of 3 months of increasing fatigue. She states that she feels normal in the morning, but that her fatigue gets worse throughout the day. Specifically, she says that her head drops when trying to perform overhead tasks. She also says that she exp... | D: Thymectomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old male is brought to a psychiatrist by his parents for bizarre behavior. His parents report that over the past two semesters in school, his personality and behavior have changed noticeably. He refuses to leave his room because he believes people are spying on him. He hears voices that are persecutory and ... | A: Mesolimbic pathway |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of diffuse perineal and scrotal pain. On a 10-point scale, he rates the pain as a 5 to 6. He reports that during this time he also has pain during ejaculation and dysuria. He did not have fever. The pain is persistent despite taking over-the-counte... | C: Chronic pelvic pain syndrome |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man presents to the emergency department for evaluation of slurred speech and left arm and leg weakness over the last 3 hours. History reveals hypertension that is being treated with hydrochlorothiazide. Vital signs include: blood pressure of 110/70 mm Hg, heart rate 104/min, respiratory rate 18/min, an... | E: Warfarin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old man was sent to the Emergency Department after a stray baseball hit him in the left eye during a game. Paramedics on sight could not perform the necessary testing and encouraged the patient to visit an ED for further testing and imaging. At the Emergency Department, the patient complains of slight pain ... | D: The patient can be initially managed conservatively with corticosteroids and observation. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old primigravid woman at 36 weeks' gestation is admitted to the hospital 30 minutes after the onset of labor. On arrival, contractions occur every 8–10 minutes. During the last 2 days she has noted decreased fetal movements. The pregnancy had been complicated by gestational hypertension. Current medications... | D: Placental insufficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old male presents to the pediatrician for abdominal pain. The patient’s parents report that he has been experiencing intermittent abdominal pain for two days. Each episode lasts several minutes, and the patient seems to be entirely well between the episodes. The pain seems to improve when the patient squats ... | D: Positive technetium-99m scan |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 41-year-old female complains of frequent diarrhea and abdominal pain between meals. Endoscopy reveals a duodenal ulcer distal to the duodenal bulb. CT scan of the abdomen demonstrates a pancreatic mass, and subsequent tissue biopsy of the pancreas reveals a malignant islet cell tumor. Which of the following hormone... | A: Gastrin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his father, who is concerned because his son has been less interested in playing soccer with him recently. The father and son used to play every weekend, but the son now tires easily and complains of pain in his lower legs while running around on the soccer field. The p... | C: Intracranial hemorrhage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old woman presents to the physician with a cough that began 6 years ago, as well as intermittent difficulty in breathing for the last year. There is no significant sputum production. There is no history of rhinorrhea, sneezing or nose congestion. She has been a chronic smoker from early adulthood. Her tempe... | C: Structural cell death mediated by Rtp801 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 82-year-old man presents to the emergency department complaining of vision loss in his left eye. He states that it suddenly appeared as if a curtain was coming down over his left eye. It resolved after five minutes, and his vision has returned to normal. He has a history of coronary artery disease and type 2 diabe... | E: Cholesterol plaque embolization |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old woman presents with symptoms of rectal bleeding and pruritus in the perianal region. She works as a real estate agent and has a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). On physical examination, her spleen and liver are enlarged. A blood smear reveals teardrop red blood cells (RBCs), and a leuc... | D: Fibrous tissue with sclerotic spicules observed in early stages |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman is being evaluated due to complaint of fatigue and voiding pink urine. The laboratory results are as follows: Hb 6.7 Red blood cell count 3.0 x 1012/L Leukocyte count 5,000/mm3 Platelets 170 x 109/L Reticulocyte count 6% Hematocrit 32% The physician thinks that the patient is suffering from an acq... | D: 4.6% |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman presents to the clinic for a 3-month history of painful hair loss. She was in her usual state of health until about 3 months ago when she started to develop some painfully itchy spots across her scalp. Since that time these spots have lost hair and scarred, with new spots continuing to form. On fu... | B: Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old woman presents to the physician because of shortness of breath and easy fatigability over the past 3 months. Her symptoms become worse with physical activity. She notes no chest pain, cough, or wheezing. Her last menstrual period was 10 years ago. She currently takes calcium and vitamin D supplements as... | D: Serum methylmalonic acid level |
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