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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of worsening shortness of breath and fatigue. Her paternal uncle had similar symptoms and died of respiratory failure at 45 years of age. The lungs are clear to auscultation. Pulmonary function testing shows an FVC of 84%, an FEV1/FVC ratio of 92... | E: Elevated pulmonary arterial pressure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old girl is referred to the pediatrician after a primary care practitioner found her to be anemic, in addition to presenting with decreased bowel movements, intermittent abdominal pain, and hearing loss. The child has also shown poor performance at school and has lost interest in continuing her classes of gl... | D: Porphobilinogen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with sudden shortness of breath. He was playing in the school garden and suddenly started to complain of abdominal pain. He then vomited a few times. An hour later in the hospital, he slowly developed a rash on his chest, arms, and legs. His breathing became fast... | D: Tryptase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old African American woman comes to the physician because of fatigue and muscle weakness for the past 5 weeks. During this period, she has had recurrent headaches and palpitations. She has hypertension and major depressive disorder. She works as a nurse at a local hospital. She has smoked about 6–8 cigarett... | B: Aldosteronoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31 year-old-man presents to an urgent care clinic with symptoms of lower abdominal pain, bloating, bloody diarrhea, and fullness, all of which have become more frequent over the last 3 months. His vital signs are as follows: blood pressure is 121/81 mm Hg, heart rate is 87/min, and respiratory rate is 15/min. Recta... | E: Total proctocolectomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A woman presents to the emergency department due to abdominal pain that began 1 hour ago. She is in the 35th week of her pregnancy when the pain came on during dinner. She also noted a clear rush of fluid that came from her vagina. The patient has a past medical history of depression which is treated with cognitive b... | A: Betamethasone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Five days after undergoing a pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer, a 46-year-old woman has 2 episodes of non-bilious vomiting and mild epigastric pain. She has a patient-controlled analgesia pump. She has a history of hypertension. She has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 25 years. She drinks 3–4 beer... | E: Fistula |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with jaundice and diffuse abdominal pain. She denies any previous medical problems and says she does not take any medications, drugs, or supplements. Her temperature is 97.6°F (36.4°C), blood pressure is 133/87 mmHg, pulse is 86/min, respirations are 22/min, an... | B: Chronic hepatitis B infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman presents to the emergency department complaining of a left-sided headache and right-sided blurry vision. She states that 2 weeks ago she developed dark urine and abdominal pain. She thought it was a urinary tract infection so she took trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole that she had left over. She plann... | C: Flow cytometry |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with 3 weeks of palpitations and shortness of breath while exercising. She says that these symptoms have been limiting her ability to play recreational sports with her friends. Her past medical history is significant for pharyngitis treated with antibiotics a... | B: Increased valvular dermatan sulfate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-day history of dry cough and low-grade fever. Four months ago, she was diagnosed with major depressive disorder and started treatment with fluoxetine. Physical examination shows no abnormalities. A diagnosis of upper respiratory infection is made and a medicat... | D: Inhibition of NMDA glutamate receptors |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his wife after falling down. About 90 minutes ago, they were standing in their kitchen making lunch and chatting when he suddenly complained that he could not see as well, felt weak, and was getting dizzy. He began to lean to 1 side, and he eventually fell t... | B: Lateral medulla |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 77-year-old Caucasian woman presents to her primary care provider for a general checkup. The patient is with her daughter who brought her to this appointment. The patient states that she is doing well and has some minor joint pain in both hips. She states that sometimes she is sad because her husband recently died.... | A: Donepezil |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for non-bloody nipple discharge. She states that it has been going on for the past month and that it sometimes soils her shirt. The patient drinks 2 to 3 alcoholic beverages per day and smokes 1 pack of cigarettes per day. She is currently seeking mental heal... | D: TSH level |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man is brought to the physician by his wife for the evaluation of abnormal sleep patterns that began 10 days ago. She reports that he has only been sleeping 2–3 hours nightly during this time and has been jogging for long periods of the night on the treadmill. The patient has also been excessively talka... | C: Valproate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old high school student is brought to the emergency department because of irritability and rapid breathing. He appears agitated and is diaphoretic. His temperature is 38.3°C (101°F), pulse is 129/min, respirations are 28/min, and blood pressure is 158/95 mmHg. His pupils are dilated. An ECG shows sinus tach... | B: Pseudoephedrine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of a 30-minute history of dizziness and shortness of breath. After establishing the diagnosis, treatment with a drug is administered. Shortly after administration, the patient develops severe left eye pain and decreased vision of the left eye, along wit... | A: Atrioventricular block |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old girl is brought to the pediatrician by her parents after her mother recently noticed that other girls of similar age talk much more than her daughter. Her mother reports that her language development has been abnormal and she was able to use only 5–6 words at the age of 2 years. Detailed history reveals ... | A: This condition is 4 times more common in boys than girls. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 85-year-old man with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus is brought to the emergency department because of a 2-day history of shortness of breath. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 30 years. His temperature is 36.9°C (98.4°F), pulse is 100/min, respirations are 30/min, and blood pressure is 138/... | D: Rib fracture |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of fever, fatigue, and productive cough for the past 2 days. He had similar symptoms 6 months ago when he was diagnosed with pneumonia. Three weeks ago, he was diagnosed with otitis media for the 6th time since birth and was treated with amoxicillin. His... | B: Intravenous immunoglobulins |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man comes to the physician for recurrent heartburn for 12 years. He has also developed a cough for a year, which is worse at night. He has smoked a pack of cigarettes daily for 30 years. His only medication is an over-the-counter antacid. He has not seen a physician for 8 years. He is 175 cm (5 ft 9 in)... | B: Endoscopic therapy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man of Mediterranean descent makes an appointment with his physician because his skin and sclera have become yellow. He complains of fatigue and fever that started at the same time icterus appeared. On examination, he is tachycardic and tachypneic. The oxygen (O2) saturation is < 90%. He has increased u... | A: Hemolytic anemia caused by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD deficiency) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man comes to a follow-up appointment with his surgeon 2 months after undergoing hip replacement surgery. His major concern at this visit is that he is still limping since the surgery even after the post-operative pain has subsided. Specifically, when he stands on his right leg, he feels that he has to l... | D: Superior gluteal nerve |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for diarrhea. He states that he has experienced roughly 10 episodes of non-bloody and watery diarrhea every day for the past 3 days. The patient has a past medical history of IV drug abuse and recently completed treatment for an abscess with cellulitis. His vit... | E: Vancomycin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 22-year-old Caucasian female presents with severe right lower quadrant pain, malaise, and diarrhea. The physician performs an endoscopy and finds disease involvement in the terminal ileum, noting that that the disease process is patchy with normal intervening mucosa. The entire wall of the region is thickened and i... | A: Fistulas |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his friends because of a 1-hour history of shortness of breath and squeezing chest pain. They were at a party where cocaine was consumed. A diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction is made. The physician stabilizes the patient and transfers him to the inpati... | A: Obtain authorization from the patient to release information |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old, hospitalized man develops abnormal laboratory studies 4 days after starting treatment for exacerbation of congestive heart failure. He also has a history of osteoarthritis and benign prostatic hyperplasia. He recently completed a course of amikacin for bacterial prostatitis. Before hospitalization, his... | A: Volume depletion |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-day history of right leg pain. The pain is worse while walking and improves when resting. Eight months ago, she was diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism and was started on warfarin. Anticoagulant therapy was discontinued two months ago. Her mother had systemic ... | D: Mutation of coagulation factor V |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of right-sided weakness for 2 hours. He has hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes. Current medications include hydrochlorothiazide, metoprolol, amlodipine, pravastatin, and metformin. His pulse is 87/min and blood pressure is 164/98 mm Hg. Neu... | B: Lipohyalinosis of penetrating vessels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old woman comes to the physician for a 3-month history of progressively worsening shortness of breath on exertion and swelling of her legs. She has a history of breast cancer, which was treated with surgery followed by therapy with doxorubicin and trastuzumab 4 years ago. Cardiac examination shows an S3 gal... | E: ↓ ↑ normal normal |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old female volunteers for an invasive study to measure her cardiac function. She has no previous cardiovascular history and takes no medications. With the test subject at rest, the following data is collected using blood tests, intravascular probes, and a closed rebreathing circuit: Blood hemoglobin concent... | B: 5.0 L/min |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old man, with a history of gluten intolerance, presents to the emergency department with persistent vomiting and diarrhea, and no fever. He recently returned from a vacation in Central America. He describes his diarrhea as profuse and almost clear. On physical examination, his skin turgor is decreased and h... | C: Decreased extracellular volume with no change in osmolarity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman comes to the physician because of 2 episodes of loss of consciousness over the past week. She recovered immediately and was not confused following the episodes. During the past 5 months, she has also had increased shortness of breath and palpitations. She has been unable to carry out her daily act... | E: Increased left atrial pressure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old man with small cell lung cancer undergoes radiation therapy. His oncologist explains that radiation causes DNA damage and double strand breaks and this damage stops the cancer cells from growing because they can no longer replicate their DNA. One key mediator of this process is a cell cycle regulator ca... | B: Histone acetyltransferase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old girl is brought to the physician because her mother has found her to be inattentive at home and has received multiple complaints from her teachers at school. She does not complete her assignments and does not listen to her teachers' instructions. She refuses to talk to her parents or peers. Her mother sa... | C: Autism spectrum disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-year-history of cough and progressively worsening breathlessness. He has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for the past 10 years. Physical examination shows contraction of the anterior scalene and sternocleidomastoid muscles during inspiration. An x-ray of the c... | D: Leukotriene B4 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by a paramedic team from the scene of a motor vehicle accident where she was the driver. The patient was restrained by a seat belt and was unconscious at the scene. On physical examination, the patient appears to have multiple injuries involving the trunk and... | E: T8 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman presents with continuous feelings of sadness and rejection. She says that over the past couple of weeks, she has been unable to concentrate on her job and has missed several days of work. She also has no interest in any activity and typically rejects invitations to go out with friends. She has no ... | D: Bipolar disorder, type II |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy with asthma is brought to the physician because of a 1-month history of worsening shortness of breath and cough. The mother reports that the shortness of breath usually occurs when he is exercising with his older brother. His only medication is an albuterol inhaler that is taken as needed. The physic... | A: Antagonism at leukotriene receptors |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman comes to the physician because she feels sad and has had frequent, brief episodes of crying for the last month. During this period, she sleeps in every morning and spends most of her time in bed playing video games or reading. She has not been spending time with friends but still attends a weekly ... | A: Adjustment disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-old man is brought in by ambulance after a bar fight. Witnesses report that he is a bar regular and often drinks several shots of hard liquor throughout the night. The emergency department recognize him as a local homeless man with a long history of alcohol abuse. During the initial workup in the ED, he has a pr... | D: Erythrocyte transketolase activity |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician complaining of heartburn, belching, and epigastic pain that is aggravated by coffee and fatty foods. She states that she has recently been having difficulty swallowing in addition to her usual symptoms. What is the most appropriate next step in management of ... | E: Upper endoscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents 6 hours after he suddenly began to experience dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain at home. He has a remote history of asthma in childhood but has not required any treatment since the age of four. His temperature is 98.4°F (36.9°C), blood pressure is... | C: Needle decompression |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-month-old male infant is brought in because he rejects food and is losing weight. He had several upper respiratory tract infections during the last 2 months. Upon examination, hepatosplenomegaly is noted, as well as mild hypotonia. During the next few weeks, hepatosplenomegaly progresses, the boy fails to thrive,... | B: Niemann-Pick disease type A |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old man with a history of severe persistent asthma is seen today with the complaint of white patches on his tongue and inside his mouth. He says this all started a couple of weeks ago when he recently started a new medication for his asthma. The vital signs include: temperature 36.7°C (98.0°F), blood pressu... | D: Beclomethasone inhaler |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old male is brought to the emergency department 20 minutes after sustaining a stab wound to the right chest. First-responders found the patient sitting on the curb smoking a cigarette, complaining of pain where he had been stabbed. On arrival, he is alert. His temperature is 36.8°C (98.2°F), pulse is 110/mi... | C: Endotracheal intubation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old woman presents to the clinic complaining of a headache, runny nose, and malaise. A few minutes into the interview, she mentions that she recently started her job and is glad to work long hours despite the toll on her health. However, she admits that she is finding it difficult to keep up with the worklo... | A: Ego-syntonic obsessive-compulsive personality disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman comes to the emergency department for a 1-week history of jaundice and nausea. She recalls eating some seafood last weekend at a cookout. She lives at home with her 2-year-old son who attends a daycare center. The child's immunizations are up-to-date. The woman's temperature is 37.5°C (99.5°F), pu... | C: No additional steps are needed |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old male immigrant with rheumatoid arthritis comes to the physician because of severe pain and swelling in both his knees. He also reports an unintentional weight loss of around 10 kg over 3 months and episodic abdominal pain, varying in intensity and location. He has been having loose stools with no blood,... | E: PAS-positive macrophages |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man presents to the emergency department for shortness of breath. He was at home working on his car when he suddenly felt very short of breath, which failed to improve with rest. He states he was working with various chemicals and inhalants while trying to replace a broken piece in the engine. The patie... | D: Rupture of an emphysematous bleb |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old man presents to the emergency department due to severe alcohol intoxication. The patient is agitated and refuses to answer any questions in regards to his medical history. The vital signs are within normal limits. The complete blood count results demonstrate hemoglobin of 11.5 g/dL, hematocrit of 39%, a... | C: Ferritin: ↑, total iron-binding capacity: ↓, serum iron: ↑ |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old boy is brought to see his pediatrician because of painless swelling in both legs and around his eyes. His mother reports that it is worse in the morning and these symptoms have started 4 days ago. The child has just recovered from a severe upper respiratory tract infection 8 days ago. The boy was born at... | E: Prednisolone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man is brought to the Emergency Department with intense chest pain that radiates to his left arm and jaw. He also complains of feeling lightheaded. Upon arrival, his blood pressure is 104/60 mm Hg, pulse is 102/min, respiratory rate is 25/min, body temperature is 36.5°C (97.7°F), and oxygen saturation i... | D: Blood urea nitrogen (BUN):Serum creatinine ratio (Cr) < 15:1 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously-healthy 24-year-old male is admitted to the intensive care unit following a motorcycle crash. He sustained head trauma requiring an emergency craniotomy, has burns over 30% of his body, and a fractured humerus. His pain is managed with a continuous fentanyl infusion. Two days after admission to the ICU h... | D: Answers 1 and 2 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-year-old man presents with a sudden loss of consciousness while playing college football. There was no history of a concussion. Echocardiography shows left ventricular hypertrophy and increased thickness of the interventricular septum. Which is the most likely pathology underlying the present condition?? {'A': ... | B: Mutation in the myosin heavy chain |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of severe abdominal pain radiating to his left flank for 30 minutes. He is weak and has been unable to stand since the onset of the pain. He vomited twice on the way to the hospital. He has not passed stools for 3 days. He has hypertension, coronary hea... | C: Open emergency surgery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man comes to the emergency department with fever, chills, dyspnea, and a productive cough. His symptoms began suddenly 2 days ago. He was diagnosed with HIV 4 years ago and has been on triple antiretroviral therapy since then. He smokes one pack of cigarettes daily. He is 181 cm (5 ft 11 in) tall and we... | D: Streptococcus pneumoniae |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-month-old boy is brought to his pediatrician because his parents have noticed that he has very restricted joint movement. He was born at home without prenatal care, but they say that he appeared healthy at birth. Since then, they say that he doesn't seem to move very much and is hard to arouse. Physical exam reve... | E: Mannose-6-phosphate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man comes to the physician for a 1-month history of fever, chest pain with deep breathing, and a 4-kg (9 lb) weight loss. His temperature is 38°C (100.4°F). An x-ray of the chest shows a subpleural nodule in the right lower lobe with right hilar lymphadenopathy. Histological examination of a right hilar... | B: Primary tuberculosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man presents with breathlessness and altered mental status. The patient’s daughter says that he has been having high fever and cough for the last 3 days. Past medical history is significant for a recent hospitalization 5 days ago, following a successful coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). In the pos... | D: Synergism of aztreonam with tobramycin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department with a headache and double vision 1 hour after being hit on the head while playing with a friend. Her friend's elbow struck her head, just above her left ear. She did not lose consciousness, but her mother reports that she was confused for 20 minutes after the ... | C: Trochlear nerve damage |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department by her parents with severe difficulty in breathing for an hour. She is struggling to breathe. She was playing outside with her friends, when she suddenly fell to the ground, out of breath. She was diagnosed with asthma one year before and has since been on tre... | E: Mechanical ventilation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-hour-old newborn is found to have difficulty breathing and bluish skin appearance by the shift nurse. The birth was unremarkable and the mother is known to be diabetic. The child is examined by the on-call physician, who detects a single loud S2. The chest X-ray shows an 'egg-shaped' heart. Which medication belo... | C: Prostaglandins E2 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old woman was recently diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. At what point should her physician initiate a discussion with her regarding advance directive planning?? {'A': 'Now that she is ill, speaking about advanced directives is no longer an option', 'B': 'At this visit', 'C': 'Only if her curative surgical ... | B: At this visit |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up visit. She has a 2-year history of depressed mood and fatigue accompanied by early morning awakening. One week ago, she started feeling a decrease in her need for sleep and now feels rested after about 5 hours of sleep per night. She had two similar episodes ... | E: Cyclothymic disorder " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with shoulder pain. He states that he can't remember a specific instance when the injury occurred. He is a weight lifter and competes in martial arts. The patient has no past medical history and is currently taking a multivitamin. Physical exam demonstrates pai... | B: MRI |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy comes to the physician because of a 4-month history of intermittent red urine. During the past 2 years, he has had recurrent episodes of swelling of his face and feet. Five years ago, he was diagnosed with mild bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. His uncle died of kidney disease in his twenties. H... | A: Defective type IV collagen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man with a history of epilepsy comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. He has had trouble moving the right side of his body for 2 weeks. Three weeks ago he was admitted to the hospital for a generalized convulsive seizure. He was treated with intravenous lorazepam and phenytoin; the seizure ... | C: Cortical laminar necrosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old patient presents to the hospital complaining of progressively worsening dyspnea and a dry cough. Radiographic imaging is shown below. Pulmonary function testing (PFT's) reveals a decreased FEV1 and FEV1/FVC, but an increase TLC. The patient states that he does not smoke. Which of the following condition... | B: Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man presents to the clinic with a complaint of lightheadedness when standing up from his bed in the morning and then from his chair at work. He has had similar complaints for many months, and the symptoms have not improved despite drinking lots of fluids, eating regular meals, and taking daily multivita... | A: Alpha 1 receptor activation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-year-old girl is brought to the clinic for evaluation of malaise and low-grade fever over the past 3 days. In the last 24 hours, she developed sores and pain in her mouth. She also had vesicles on her hands and feet. Her past medical history was benign and the immunization history was up-to-date. The oral tempera... | B: Supportive care |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old woman presents with a 3-day history of fever. Past medical history is significant for chronic schizophrenia, managed with an antipsychotic medication. The patient has a low-grade fever and is slightly tachycardic. Physical examination is significant for the presence of tonsillar exudates. A CBC shows a ... | D: Clozapine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of increasing weakness of his right arm and leg that began when he woke up that morning. He did not notice any weakness when he went to bed the night before. He has hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Current medications include hydrochlorothiazide a... | A: Posterior limb of the left internal capsule |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of persistent epigastric abdominal pain. She reports dull, aching pain that is worse after meals and wakes her up at night. She is afraid to eat, as it worsens the pain, and has had a 2-kg (4.4-lb) weight loss during this time. She has smoked a p... | C: Contrast-enhanced abdominal CT |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 73-year-old male presents to the ED with several days of fevers, cough productive of mucopurulent sputum, and pleuritic chest pain. He has not been to a doctor in 30 years because he “has never been sick”. His vital signs are: T 101F, HR 98, BP 100/55, RR 31. On physical exam he is confused and has decreased breath... | B: IV Penicillin G and inpatient admission |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old male accountant presents to the family practice clinic for his first health check-up in years. He has no complaints, and as far as he is concerned, he is well. He does not have any known medical conditions. With respect to the family history, the patient reports that his wife's brother died of a heart a... | A: Return to the clinic for a repeat blood pressure reading and counseling on the importance of aerobic exercise. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old man, an information technology professional, gets himself tested for serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels because he wants to know more about his immunity. He knows that IgM levels reflect the status of his immunity, based on the internet. Although the laboratory report is normal, he consults a physician... | A: B-1 B cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old man presents to his gastroenterologist due to a transaminitis found by his primary care physician (PCP). He reports currently feeling well and has no acute concerns. Medical history is significant for ulcerative colitis treated with 5-aminosalicylate. He recently went on a trip to Mexico and experienced... | E: Primary sclerosing cholangitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of a pounding headache for the past 3 hours. The pain is 8 out of 10 in intensity, does not radiate, and is not relieved by ibuprofen. He also has associated dizziness, blurring of vision, and palpitations. He has had similar episodes over the last 6 months ... | C: Adrenal medullary mass |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old male with multiple comorbidities presents to your office complaining of difficulty falling asleep. Specifically, he says he has been having trouble breathing while lying flat very shortly after going to bed. He notes it only gets better when he adds several pillows, but that sitting up straight is an un... | E: Left-sided heart failure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 2-month-old girl is brought to the emergency department because her lips turned blue while passing stools 30 minutes ago. She is at the 40th percentile for length and below the 35th percentile for weight. Pulse oximetry on room air shows an oxygen saturation of 65%, which increases to 76% on admi... | E: Knee to chest positioning |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A newborn male is evaluated in the hospital nursery two hours after birth. The patient was born at 39 weeks of gestation to a 30-year-old primigravid via vaginal delivery. The patient’s mother received routine prenatal care, and the pregnancy was uncomplicated. The patient’s anatomy ultrasound at 20 weeks of gestatio... | B: 5p |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old male presents to his primary care physician with complaints of fatigue, muscle weakness, cramps, and increased urination over the past several weeks. His past medical history is significant only for hypertension, for which he was started on hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 4 weeks ago. Vital signs at today's ... | D: Hyperaldosteronism |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old man presents the emergency department for intense chest pain, profuse sweating, and shortness of breath. The onset of these symptoms was 3 hours ago. The chest pain began after a heated discussion with a colleague at the community college where he is employed. Upon arrival, he is found conscious and res... | C: Subendocardial necrosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:The patient is admitted to the hospital. A stereotactic brain biopsy of the suspicious lesion is performed that shows many large lymphocytes with irregular nuclei. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment?? {'A': 'Intrathecal glucocorticoids', 'B': 'Temozolomide', 'C': 'Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine'... | D: Methotrexate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:You are counseling a mother whose newborn has just screened positive for a deficit of phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme. You inform her that her child will require dietary supplementation of which of the following?? {'A': 'Leucine', 'B': 'Aspartame', 'C': 'Tyrosine', 'D': 'Niacin', 'E': 'Homogentisic Acid'}, | C: Tyrosine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old male is brought to the physician by his wife who is concerned because he has begun to demonstrate odd behavior which has worsened over the past several months. She states that he has become very aggressive and at times will have sudden, jerky movements which he is unable to control. The patient states t... | E: It demonstrates anticipation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old male with no significant medical history comes to you with a urine positive for fructose. He does not have diabetes mellitus. Which enzyme is most likely to be deficient in this patient?? {'A': 'Aldolase B', 'B': 'Galactokinase', 'C': 'Fructokinase', 'D': 'Pyruvate kinase', 'E': 'Lactase'}, | C: Fructokinase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old male presents after several days of flatulence and greasy, foul-smelling diarrhea. The patient reports symptoms of nausea and abdominal cramps followed by sudden diarrhea. He says that his symptoms started after he came back from a camping trip. When asked about his camping activities, he reports that h... | C: Metronidazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man comes to the physician for a 5-month history of hoarseness, exertional dyspnea, and fatigue. He does not smoke or drink alcohol. His pulse is 98/min and irregular. His voice is coarse in quality. Physical examination shows a liver span of 16 cm and a soft diastolic murmur heard best at the apex. Whi... | B: Extrinsic impingement of the recurrent laryngeal nerve |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her mother for a well-child examination. Cardiac auscultation is shown. When she clenches her fist forcefully for a sustained time, the intensity of the murmur increases. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's auscultation findings?? {'A': 'P... | D: Defect in the ventricular septum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old woman comes to the physician because she has not had her menstrual period for the past 4 months. During this period, she has had frequent headaches, difficulty sleeping, and increased sweating. She has not had any weight changes. Over the past year, menses occurred at irregular 30- to 45-day intervals w... | C: Premature ovarian failure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old man comes to the physician for blurry vision and increased difficulty walking over the past month. He feels very fatigued after watering his garden but feels better after taking a nap. He has not had any recent illness. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 35 years. Examination shows drooping ... | E: Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 82-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her daughter because of a 3-day history of a runny nose, headache, and cough. The patient's grandson recently had similar symptoms. Her vital signs are within normal limits. Pulse oximetry on room air shows an oxygen saturation of 99%. Lungs are clear to auscultatio... | C: ICAM-1 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old man presents to the Emergency Department with severe left leg pain and paresthesias 4 hours after his leg got trapped by the closing door of a bus. Initially, he had a mild pain which gradually increased to unbearable levels. Past medical history is noncontributory. In the Emergency Department, his bloo... | E: Fasciotomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old G2P0A2 woman comes to the office complaining of light vaginal spotting. She received a suction curettage 2 weeks ago for an empty gestational sac. Pathology reports showed hyperplastic and hydropic trophoblastic villi, but no fetal tissue. The patient denies fever, abdominal pain, dysuria, dyspareunia, ... | E: Theca lutein cysts |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 78-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of difficulty speaking. The symptoms began abruptly one hour ago while he was having breakfast with his wife. He has hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease. Current medications include pravastatin, lisinopril, metformin, and... | C: Occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old man presents for an annual check-up. He is a bodybuilder and tells you he is on a protein-rich diet that only allows for minimal carbohydrate intake. His friend suggests he try exogenous glucagon to help him lose some excess weight before an upcoming competition. Which of the following effects of glucag... | E: Increased lipolysis in adipose tissues |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 18-month-old boy presents to the emergency department for malaise. The boy’s parents report worsening fatigue for 3 days with associated irritability and anorexia. The patient’s newborn screening revealed a point mutation in the beta-globin gene but the patient has otherwise been healthy since birth. On physical e... | E: Streptococcus pneumoniae |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-day-old newborn boy has failed to pass meconium after 48 hours. There is an absence of stool in the rectal vault. Family history is significant for MEN2A syndrome. Which of the following confirms the diagnosis?? {'A': 'Absence of ganglion cells demonstrated by rectal suction biopsy', 'B': 'Atrophic nerve fibers a... | A: Absence of ganglion cells demonstrated by rectal suction biopsy |
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