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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two weeks after returning from vacation in Mexico, a 21-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of malaise, nausea, vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain. He has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. Physical examination shows scleral icterus and right upper quadrant tenderness. The liv... | C: Ballooning degeneration and bridging necrosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2 week history of anorexia and a feeling of dryness in the mouth; she has had a 5.8-kg (12.8-lb) weight loss during this period. She also complains of fatigue and inability to carry out daily chores. One year ago, she was diagnosed with advanced cervical carcino... | C: Megestrol acetate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman is brought to the psychiatric emergency room after she was found naked in the street proclaiming that she was a prophet sent down from heaven to save the world. A review of the electronic medical record reveals that she has a history of an unspecified coagulation disorder. On exam, she speaks rapi... | A: Atrialized right ventricle |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents because of a dull persistent headache beginning that morning. He has nausea and has vomited twice. During the past four days, the patient has had left-sided ear pain and fever, but his parents did not seek medical attention. He is from Thailand a... | C: MRI of the brain |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old boy is brought to his pediatrician's office by his mother with a new onset rash. His mother says that the rash appeared suddenly yesterday. He is otherwise well. His medical history is unremarkable except for a recent upper respiratory infection that resolved without intervention two weeks ago. His tempe... | C: Observation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 38-year-old man presents to his physician with recurrent episodes of facial swelling and abdominal pain. He reports that these episodes started when he was approximately 16 years of age. His mother also has similar episodes of swelling accompanied by swelling of her extremities. The vital signs include: blood press... | C: Fosinopril |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old boy undergoes MRI neuroimaging for the evaluation of worsening headaches and intermittent nausea upon awakening. He receives a bolus of intravenous thiopental for sedation during the procedure. Ten minutes after the MRI, the patient is awake and responsive. Which of the following pharmacological properti... | B: Redistribution |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old woman with osteoarthritis comes to the physician because of severe lower back and left leg pain. She has chronic lower back pain that is usually well-controlled with ibuprofen, but 3 hours ago her back pain acutely worsened after she picked up her 3-year-old granddaughter. The pain radiates from her low... | E: Intervertebral foramen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man presents to the emergency department complaining of difficulty in breathing for the past 2 days. He has had recurrent episodes of bacterial pneumonia in the right lower lobe during the last 6 months. His last episode of pneumonia started 7 days ago for which he is being treated with antibiotics. He ... | D: Small cell lung cancer |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-day history of fatigue and yellowish discoloration of his eyes and skin. Physical examination shows mild right upper quadrant abdominal tenderness. The course of different serum parameters over the following 4 months is shown. Which of the following is the most ... | E: Resolved acute hepatitis B infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man comes to the physician because of fatigue and muscle cramps for the past 4 weeks. He has also noticed several episodes of tingling in both hands. He has not had fever or nausea. He has had a chronic cough for 10 years. He has chronic bronchitis, hypertension, and osteoarthritis of both knees. His fa... | D: Destruction of parathyroid glands |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the rate of multiplication of hepatitis C virus in hepatocytes. The viral genomic material is isolated, enzymatically cleaved into smaller fragments and then separated on a formaldehyde agarose gel membrane. Targeted probes are then applied to the gel and visualized under x-ray. Which of t... | A: Ribonucleic acids |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old male is brought from his nursing home to the emergency department for fever, chills, dyspnea, productive cough, and oliguria over the past 72 hours. He was in his normal state of health and slowly developed breathing problems and fever. His past medical history is significant for hepatitis C, hypertensi... | D: Blood urea nitrogen (BUN):Serum creatinine ratio (SCr) <15:1 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old Caucasian male presents to the emergency room following a fall. The patient's past medical history is significant for myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation. His home medications are unknown. The patient's head CT is shown in Image A. Laboratory results reveal an International Normalized Ratio (I... | A: Vitamin K |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old woman presents to her gynecologist with complaints of pain with her menses and during intercourse. She also complains of chest pain that occurs whenever she has her menstrual period. The patient has a past medical history of bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder. Her current medications i... | C: Laparoscopy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 47-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by police. He was forcibly removed from a bar for lewd behavior. The patient smells of alcohol, and his speech is slurred and unintelligible. The patient has a past medical history of alcohol abuse, obesity, diabetes, and Wernicke encephalopathy. The patient's ... | B: AST: 255, ALT: 130, GGT: 114 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 72-year-old man is seen in the hospital for a sacral rash. The patient has been hospitalized for the past 3 weeks for a heart failure exacerbation. When the nurse went to bathe him this morning, she noticed a red rash over his sacrum. The patient reports mild discomfort and denies pruritus. The patient has chronic ... | C: Repositioning |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man with a long-standing history of diabetes mellitus type 2 and hypertension presents with complaints of constant wrist and shoulder pain. Currently, the patient undergoes hemodialysis 2 to 3 times a week and is on the transplant list for a kidney. The patient denies any recent traumas. Which of the fo... | E: β2-microglobulin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman presents to the clinic with complaints of dysuria and increased urinary frequency. Her urinalysis results are negative for nitrites. Urine microscopy shows the findings in figure A. What is the most likely cause underlying her symptoms?? {'A': 'E. coli infection', 'B': 'S. saprophyticus infection'... | B: S. saprophyticus infection |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A newborn infant is born at 42 weeks gestation to a healthy 36-year-old G1P0. The delivery was complicated by prolonged labor and shoulder dystocia. The child is in the 87th and 91st percentiles for height and weight at birth, respectively. The mother’s past medical history is notable for diabetes mellitus and obesit... | E: Triceps |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 30 weeks' gestation comes to the physician because of headache for the past 5 days. Her pregnancy has been uncomplicated to date. Pregnancy and vaginal delivery of her first child were uncomplicated. The patient does not smoke or drink alcohol. She does not use illicit drugs... | B: Abruptio placentae |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old boy with history of seizure disorder is rushed to the Emergency Department with multiple generalized tonic-clonic seizures that have spanned more than 30 minutes in duration. He has not regained consciousness between these episodes. In addition to taking measures to ensure that he maintains adequate res... | E: Lorazepam |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman presents to an outpatient clinic during winter for persistant rhinorrhea. She states it is persistent and seems to be worse when she goes outside. Otherwise, she states she is generally healthy and only has a history of constipation. Her temperature is 98.7°F (37.1°C), blood pressure is 144/91 mmH... | C: Environmental allergen |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old male presents to your office with hematuria 3 days after the onset of a productive cough and fever. Following renal biopsy, immunofluorescence shows granular IgA deposits in the glomerular mesangium. Which of the following do you suspect in this patient?? {'A': 'Lipoid nephrosis', 'B': 'Berger’s disease... | B: Berger’s disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 73-year-old man presents to the office, complaining of “weird blisters” on his right hand, which appeared 2 weeks ago. The patient says that he initially had a rash, which progressed to blisters. He denies any trauma or known contact with sick people. He is worried because he hasn’t been able to garden since the ra... | D: Itraconazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old male presents to the emergency room complaining of substernal chest pain. He reports a three-hour history of dull substernal chest pain that radiates into his left arm and jaw. He had a similar incident two months ago after walking one mile, but this pain is more severe. His past medical history is nota... | A: Guanylyl cyclase activation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old male is brought by his mother to the pediatrician because she is concerned about a lump in his neck. She reports that the child was recently ill with a cough, nasal congestion, and rhinorrhea. She also noticed that a small red lump developed on the patient’s neck while he was sick. Although his cough and... | A: Follicular cells surrounding colloid and admixed with a neutrophilic infiltrate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old woman presents to the outpatient clinic because of a swollen and enlarged right breast. Clinical examination shows no evidence of mass or axillary lymphadenopathy. There is no history of trauma or inflammation. Her past medical and surgical history is positive for breast augmentation with a textured imp... | D: Cytological analysis for CD30 and ALK |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with diarrhea and weight loss. He states he has had diarrhea for the past several months that has been worsening steadily. The patient recently went on a camping trip and drank unfiltered stream water. Otherwise, the patient endorses a warm and flushed feeling ... | E: Urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid level |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man presents to the emergency department after a motor vehicle accident. He was the unrestrained front seat driver in a head on collision. The patient is unresponsive and his medical history is unknown. His temperature is 99.5°F (37.5°C), blood pressure is 67/38 mmHg, pulse is 190/min, respirations are ... | B: Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A newborn is rushed to the neonatal ICU after becoming cyanotic shortly after birth. An ultrasound is performed which shows the aorta coming off the right ventricle and lying anterior to the pulmonary artery. The newborn is given prostaglandin E1 and surgery is planned to correct the anatomic defect. Which of the fol... | E: Failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old woman underwent a thyroidectomy with central neck dissection due to papillary thyroid carcinoma. On day 2 postoperatively, she developed irritability, dysphagia, difficulty breathing, and spasms in different muscle groups in her upper and lower extremities. The vital signs include blood pressure 102/65 ... | C: Vitamin D and ionic calcium prior to and 2 weeks after the operation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man presents with sudden-onset severe eye pain and blurred vision. He says the symptoms onset an hour ago and his vision has progressively worsened. Physical examination reveals a cloudy cornea and decreased visual acuity. Timolol is administered into the eyes to treat this patient’s symptoms. Which of ... | B: It suppresses the ciliary epithelium from producing aqueous humor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Four days after undergoing a craniotomy and evacuation of a subdural hematoma, a 56-year-old man has severe pain and swelling of his right leg. He has chills and nausea. He has type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, and was started on hemodialysis 2 years ago. Prior to admission, his medications were in... | C: Inferior vena cava filter |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy is presented to the hospital for a kidney transplant. In the operating room, the surgeon connects an allograft kidney renal artery to the aorta, and after a few moments, the kidney becomes cyanotic, edematous, and dusky with mottling. Which of the following in the recipient’s serum is responsible fo... | B: IgG |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Background: Beta-blockers reduce mortality in patients who have chronic heart failure, systolic dysfunction, and are on background treatment with diuretics and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. We aimed to compare the effects of carvedilol and metoprolol on clinical outcome. Methods: In a multicenter, double-... | A: 1/(0.40 - 0.34) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old man who was recently hospitalized with a pulmonary embolism is put on an unfractionated heparin drip as a bridge to chronic warfarin therapy. During morning rounds, he is found to have diffuse bruising despite minimal trauma, and his heparin infusion rate is found to be faster than prescribed. A coagula... | D: Protamine sulfate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A new formula for an anti-wrinkle cream is being tested for efficacy in a group of 362 healthy 40- to 60-year-old female volunteers. The marketing team randomizes the volunteers. Half receive the new formula and the other half of the volunteers receive the original formula. The mean age in the test group is 48 (95% C... | C: Observer bias |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-year history of bloating and constipation alternating with diarrhea. She eats a balanced diet, and there are no associations between her symptoms and specific foods. She had been a competitive swimmer since high school but stopped going to training 4 months ag... | E: Calcium deposits in the skin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of severe muscle soreness, nausea, and darkened urine for 2 days. The patient is on the college track team and has been training intensively for an upcoming event. One month ago, she had a urinary tract infection and was treated with nitrofurantoin. S... | A: Acute kidney injury |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man presents for a follow-up regarding his management for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). He was diagnosed with type 2 DM about 7 years ago and was recently started on insulin therapy because oral agents were insufficient to control his glucose levels. He is currently following a regimen combining insuli... | B: Add another dose of NPH in the evening. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old high school student presents to the physician’s office for a health maintenance examination. He is a recent immigrant from Venezuela and has no complaints at this time. Past medical history is significant for appendicitis at age 10, treated with an appendectomy. He denies the use of alcohol and cigarett... | C: HPV vaccine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A group of researchers aimed to study the association between phosphate levels in plasma and renal function decline in pre-dialysis patients. The study started in 2018 by including incident pre-dialysis patients (with chronic kidney disease in stage IV or V) who were already included in pre-dialysis care procedures b... | D: Inability to control for specific factors |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man comes to the office complaining of a dry cough for 2 months. His medical history includes a recent myocardial infarction (MI), after which he was placed on several medications. He is currently on ramipril, clopidogrel, digoxin, lovastatin, and nitroglycerin. He does not smoke cigarettes and does not... | A: Ramipril |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the effect of extracellular pH changes on the substrates for the citric acid cycle. Which of the following substances is required for the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme marked by the arrow in the overview of the citric acid cycle?? {'A': 'Thiamine', 'B': 'Pantothenic acid', 'C': 'Lipoic ... | B: Pantothenic acid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old woman and her son are visited at her home by a health aid. He is her caregiver but has difficulty getting her out of the house. Her son is concerned about continuous and repetitive mouth and tongue movements that started about 2 weeks ago and have become more evident ever since. She is non-verbal at bas... | E: Stop the medication |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 52-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician complaining of 3 weeks of persistent thirst despite consumption of increased quantities of water. She also admits that she has had increased frequency of urination during the same time period. A basic metabolic panel is performed which reveals mild hypernatre... | D: Central diabetes insipidus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old woman with no known past medical history presents to the emergency department with increasing lower pelvic pain and vaginal discharge over the last several days. She endorses some experimentation with marijuana and cocaine, drinks liquor almost daily, and smokes 2 packs of cigarettes per day. The patien... | C: Exploratory laparotomy |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old boy presents to your office with his mother. The boy has been complaining of a sore throat and headache for the past 2 days. His mother states that he had a fever of 39.3°C (102.7°F) and had difficulty eating. On examination, the patient has cervical lymphadenopathy and erythematous tonsils with exudates... | B: A naked, double-stranded DNA virus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man presents to his family physician for a checkup. He has had type 2 diabetes mellitus for 13 years, for which he has been taking metformin and vildagliptin. He has smoked 10–15 cigarettes daily for 29 years. Family history is irrelevant. Vital signs include: temperature 36.6°C (97.8°F), blood pressure... | D: Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 69-year-old man comes to the physician with a 2-year history of progressive hearing loss. His hearing is worse in crowded rooms, and he has noticed that he has more difficulty understanding women than men. He has no history of serious illness and does not take any medications. A Rinne test shows air conduction is g... | C: Basal turn of the cochlea |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the growth of an organism in different media. The organism is inoculated on a petri dish that contains heated sheep blood, vancomycin, nystatin, trimethoprim, and colistin. The resulting growth medium is incubated at 37°C. Numerous small, white colonies are seen after incubation for 48 hou... | E: Gonorrhea |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:The parents of a 4-year-old present to the pediatrician because they are concerned about the poor growth and odd behavior of their son. Their son has been at the 10th percentile for growth since birth and they have noticed that his skin seems to have a bluish hue to it whenever he cries or is agitated. Recently, they... | E: Anterosuperior displacement of aorticopulmonary septum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of early morning headaches for the past 6 months. During this period, he has had severe nausea and occasional episodes of vomiting. For the past month, he has had difficulty walking and intermittent double vision. He was born at term and has been healthy apart from... | E: Medulloblastoma " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 82-year-old male visits his primary care physician for a check-up. He reports that he is in his usual state of health. His only new complaint is that he feels as if the room is spinning, which has affected his ability to live independently. He is currently on lisinopril, metformin, aspirin, warfarin, metoprolol, a... | D: Multiple sclerosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old man comes to the physician because of a painless blistering rash on his hands, forearms, and face for 2 weeks. The rash is not itchy and seems to get worse in the sunlight. He has also noticed that his urine is darker than usual. His aunt and sister have a history of similar skin lesions. Examination of... | E: Hydroxychloroquine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old man presents with a 2-day history of loose stools, anorexia, malaise, and abdominal pain. He describes the pain as moderate, cramping in character, and diffusely localized to the periumbilical region. His past medical history is unremarkable. He works as a wildlife photographer and, 1 week ago, he was i... | D: Overactivation of guanylate cyclase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A young Caucasian couple in their late twenties present for an infertility evaluation after trying to conceive over 2 years. On physical exam, the female appears healthy and states that she has regular menstrual cycles. The male partner is noted to have long extremities with wide hips, low muscle mass, gynecomastia, ... | A: Presence of a barr body |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old female presents to the family physician with 3 weeks of headaches, sweating, and palpitations. Her BP was 160/125 mmHg, and a 24-hour urine test revealed elevated vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and normetanephrine. Past medical history is notable for bilateral retinal hemangioblastomas, and family history ... | A: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old female presents to a physician's office with complaints of having no energy for the last 2 weeks and sometimes feeling like staying home all day. She works for a technology start-up company and is attending graduate school part-time in the evening. She is very concerned about her health and tries to eat... | D: She is likely over-exerted and taking the herbal supplements has no proven medical benefit. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by police officers due to inappropriate public behavior. He was at a pharmacy demanding to speak with the manager so he could discuss a business deal. Two weeks ago, he left his wife of 10 years and moved from another city in order to pursue his dreams of being... | D: Valproic acid and quetiapine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old woman undergoes diagnostic laparoscopy under general anesthesia for evaluation of chronic pelvic pain. Postoperatively, the patient requires prolonged intubation. Neostigmine is administered. Results of acceleromyography during train-of-four ulnar nerve stimulation are shown. Which of the following drug... | E: Succinylcholine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman is found to have multiple masses in her liver while performing abdominal ultrasonography for recurrent right upper quadrant abdominal pain. Biopsy of one of the masses discloses large plates of adenoma cells, which are larger than normal hepatocytes and contain glycogen and lipid. Regular septa, p... | D: Oral contraceptive pills |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is following a 4-year-old boy with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Western blot of skeletal muscle cells from this boy shows that the dystrophin protein is significantly smaller compared to the dystrophin protein of a healthy subject. Further evaluation shows that the boy's genetic mutation involves a se... | C: UAG |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old woman gives birth to a boy in the labor and delivery ward of the local hospital. The child is immediately assessed and found to be crying vigorously. He is pink in appearance with blue extremities that appear to be flexed. Inducing some discomfort shows that both his arms and legs move slightly but rema... | C: 7 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man comes to his physician because of fatigue, night sweats, chills, and a 5-kg (11-lb) weight loss during the past 3 weeks. Eight years ago, he was treated for a hematological malignancy after biopsy of a neck swelling showed CD15+ and CD30+ cells. Physical examination shows conjunctival pallor and sca... | E: Radiation-induced myeloid leukemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old male presents to his primary care doctor complaining of abdominal pain. He reports a three-month history of intermittent burning pain localized to the epigastrium that worsens 2-3 hours after a meal. He attributes this pain to increased stress at his job. He is otherwise healthy and takes no medications... | D: Amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and omeprazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 23-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-week history of vaginal discharge. She has no pain or pruritus. She is sexually active with one male partner and uses condoms inconsistently. Pelvic examination shows a malodorous gray vaginal discharge. Microscopic examination of the vagina... | A: Bacterial vaginosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old man presents to the emergency department after he was assaulted and shot during a robbery. The patient was beaten with a baseball bat and has a bullet entry wound in his neck. He is currently complaining of diffuse pains but is able to speak. His voice sounds muffled, and he is requesting pain medicatio... | E: Orotracheal intubation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old G3P3003 presents to her gynecologist for an annual visit. She complains of urinary incontinence when jogging since the birth of her last child three years ago. Her periods are regular every 30 days. The patient also has cramping that is worse before and during her period but always present at baseline. ... | B: Presence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her parents for a 10-month history of disturbing dreams and daytime sleepiness. She has difficulty falling asleep and says she sometimes sees ghosts just before falling asleep at night. She has had a 7-kg (15-lb) weight gain during this period despite no changes in ap... | C: Rapid onset of beta waves |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old woman presents to the office after receiving a bone mineral density screening test result with a T score of -4.1 and a Z score of -3.8. She is diagnosed with osteoporosis. A review of her medical history reveals that she has taken estrogen-containing oral contraceptive pills from the age of 20 to 30. Sh... | A: Lansoprazole |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, at 41 weeks' gestation is admitted to the hospital in active labor. Her pregnancy has been uncomplicated. Both of her prior children were delivered by vaginal birth. She has a history of asthma. Current medications include iron and vitamin supplements. After a prolonged labor, ... | E: Administer tranexamic acid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old male is brought to his pediatrician by his mother because of abdominal pain and blood in the stool. Scintigraphy reveals uptake in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. Persistence of which of the following structures is the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms?? {'A': 'Urachus', 'B': 'Omphalo... | B: Omphalomesenteric duct |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An otherwise healthy 25-year-old primigravid woman at 31 weeks' gestation comes to the physician with a 2-day history of epigastric pain and nausea that is worse at night. Three years ago, she was diagnosed with a peptic ulcer and was treated with a proton pump inhibitor and antibiotics. Medications include folic aci... | E: Stretching of Glisson capsule |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-day-old newborn is brought to the emergency department by his mother due to a high fever that started last night. His mother says that he was born via an uneventful vaginal delivery at home at 38 weeks gestation and was doing fine up until yesterday when he became disinterested in breastfeeding and spit up severa... | C: During birth |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old man is brought to the emergency department due to right-sided facial and upper extremity weakness and aphasia. The patient was in his usual state of health until two hours prior to presentation, when he was eating breakfast with a friend and acutely developed the aforementioned symptoms. Medical history... | E: Patent foramen ovale |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-year history of intermittent episodes of shortness of breath, chest tightness, palpitation, dizziness, sweaty hands, and a feeling of impending doom. She says that her symptoms occur when she goes for a walk or waits in line for coffee. She reports that she no... | A: Agoraphobia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old woman presents with chest pain for the last 20 minutes. She describes a ''squeezing'' sensation in the chest and can feel her heart ''racing''. Worried that she might be having a heart attack, she took aspirin before coming to the hospital. Five days ago, she says she had similar symptoms, but they reso... | A: Alprazolam |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An 8-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents because of sudden onset of abdominal pain beginning an hour ago. The parents report that their son has also had an episode of dark urine earlier that morning. Three days ago, he was diagnosed with a urinary tract infection and was treated with tr... | D: Deficient glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of a rash on his neck and back for the past 6 hours. He says that he first noticed some reddening of the skin on his back the previous evening, which turned into a blistering, red rash overnight. He went surfing the previous day and spent 5 hours at the beac... | A: Reapply sunscreen after water exposure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 34-year-old woman comes to the physician because she has not had her period for 4 months. Menses had previously occurred at regular 28-day intervals with moderate flow. A home pregnancy test was negative. She also reports recurrent headaches and has noticed that when she goes to the movies she cannot see the outer ... | B: Adenohypophysis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 26-year-old man comes to the physician because of discoloration of the toenails. He has a history of peptic ulcer disease treated with pantoprazole. The physician prescribes oral itraconazole for a fungal infection and temporarily discontinues pantoprazole. Which of the following best describes the reason for disco... | C: Decreased therapeutic effect of itraconazole due to decreased absorption |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-year-old girl comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. She recently became sexually active with her boyfriend and requests a prescription for an oral contraception. She lives with her parents. She has smoked half a pack of cigarettes daily for the past 2 years. Physical examination sh... | B: """I would like to discuss the various contraceptive options that are available.""" |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 53-year-old woman comes to the physician for evaluation of a 5-month history of painful sexual intercourse. She also reports vaginal dryness and occasional spotting. She has no pain with urination. She has hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia. Her last menstrual period was 8 months ago. ... | C: Topical estrogen cream |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his wife 20 minutes after having a seizure. Over the past 3 days, he has had a fever and worsening headaches. This morning, his wife noticed that he was irritable and demonstrated strange behavior; he put the back of his fork, the salt shaker, and the lid of... | C: Breakdown of endothelial tight junctions |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old woman presents to her primary care provider with blood in her urine and pain in her left flank. She has a 5-year history of polycystic ovarian syndrome managed with oral contraceptives and metformin. She is single and is not sexually active and denies a history of kidney stones or abdominal trauma. She ... | B: Administer heparin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 57-year-old man is brought to the emergency department for crushing substernal chest pain at rest for the past 2 hours. The pain began gradually while he was having an argument with his wife and is now severe. He does not take any medications. He has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for 35 years. He is diaphoretic... | A: Occlusion of the left anterior descending artery |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man presents to the office for a scheduled follow-up visit. He has had hypertension for the past 30 years and his current anti-hypertensive medications include lisinopril (40 mg/day) and hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg/day). He follows most of the lifestyle modifications recommended by his physician, but is ... | A: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old woman comes to her physician for a burning sensation and numbness in her right hand for 4 weeks. The burning sensation is worse at night and is sometimes relieved by shaking the wrist. In the past week, she has noticed an exacerbation of her symptoms. She has rheumatoid arthritis and type 2 diabetes mel... | D: Volar splinting |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old man with a history of chronic alcoholism presents to the emergency department with vomiting and diarrhea for 1 week. He states he feels weak and has had poor oral intake during this time. The patient is a current smoker and has presented many times to the emergency department for alcohol intoxication. H... | E: Hypophosphatemia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy from a rural community is brought to the pediatrician after his parents noticed a white reflection in both of his eyes in recent pictures. Physical examination reveals bilateral leukocoria, nystagmus, and inflammation. When asked about family history of malignancy, the father of the child reports los... | C: Regulation of the G1-S transition |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A scientist is studying the excretion of a novel toxin X by the kidney in order to understand the dynamics of this new substance. He discovers that this new toxin X has a clearance that is half that of inulin in a particular patient. This patient's filtration fraction is 20% and his para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) dyna... | A: 60 ml/min |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old male with bipolar disorder comes to the physician because of erectile dysfunction for the past month. He cannot maintain an erection during intercourse and rarely wakes up with an erection. He says he is happy in his current relationship, but admits to decreased desire for sex and feeling embarrassed ab... | A: Decreased testosterone levels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A scientist is designing experiments to better appreciate how the lung expands. He acquires two sets of cat lungs and fills one set with saline. He plots changes in the lungs' volume with respect to pressure as shown in Image A. The pressure-volume loop of the liquid-ventilated lung is different from the gas-ventilat... | D: Increased compliance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old man with a history of alcoholism is hospitalized with acute onset nausea and hematemesis. On admission, his vitals are as follows: blood pressure 110/70 mm Hg, heart rate 88/min, respiratory rate 16/min, and temperature 37.8℃ (100.0℉). Physical examination shows jaundice, palmar erythema, widespread spi... | C: Perisinusoidal space |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old gardener with diabetes mellitus from the Northeast Jillin Province in China acquired a small scratch from a thorn while working in his flower garden. After 3 weeks, he noticed a small pink, painless bump at the site of a scratch. He was not concerned by the bump; however, additional linearly-distributed... | E: Sporotrichosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old girl is brought to her pediatrician by her mother. The mother is concerned about a fine, red rash on her daughter’s limbs and easy bruising. The rash started about 1 week ago and has progressed. Past medical history is significant for a minor cold two weeks ago. The girl was born at 39 weeks gestation vi... | C: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An otherwise healthy 45-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-year history of episodic abdominal cramps, bloating, and flatulence. The symptoms worsen when she has pizza or ice cream and have become more frequent over the past 4 months. Lactose intolerance is suspected. Which of the following findings ... | C: Tall villi with focal collections of goblet cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man presents with an unremitting cough and swelling of the lower limbs for the past 2 weeks. He says he has had a chronic cough for years, however, he feels it is getting worse. He reports a 30-pack-year smoking history. Physical examination reveals mild central cyanosis and expiratory wheezes throughou... | B: Central chemoreceptors |
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