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Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 37-year-old man comes to the physician because of increasing swelling and pain of his right knee for the past month. He has not had any trauma to the knee or previous problems with his joints. He has hypertension. His only medication is hydrochlorothiazide. He works as a carpet installer. He drinks two to three bee... | C: Prepatellar bursitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her husband because she has appeared increasingly agitated over the last week. She feels restless, has not been able to sleep well, and has been pacing around her house continuously in an attempt to relieve her symptoms. Two weeks ago, she was diagnosed with schizoph... | C: Akathisia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 33-year-old female with bipolar disorder, well controlled with lithium, presents to your clinic. She would like to discuss pregnancy and her medication. She is in a committed monogamous relationship and because her symptoms are well-controlled, would like to become pregnant. She is worried that her folate levels mi... | A: Discontinue the lithium |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old patient presents to the urgent care clinic with complaints of pain and abdominal distention for the past several weeks. The pain began with a change in bowel habits 3 months ago, and he gradually defecated less until he became completely constipated, which led to increasing pain and distention. He also ... | E: Sigmoid colon |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man comes to the clinic concerned about his recent exposure to radon. He heard from his co-worker that radon exposure can cause lung cancer. He brings in a study concerning the risks of radon exposure. In the study, there were 300 patients exposed to radon, and 18 developed lung cancer over a 10-year pe... | E: 63.3% |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 79-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension undergoes 99mTc cardiac scintigraphy for the evaluation of a 3-month history of retrosternal chest tightness on exertion. The patient's symptoms are reproduced following the administration of dipyridamole. A repeat ECG shows new ST depression and T wa... | C: Dilation of coronary vasculature |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 9-year-old healthy female presents to her pediatrician for a healthy child visit. She is doing well in school and has good relationships with her teachers, friends, and family. Her temperature is 98.6°F (37°C), blood pressure is 110/70 mmHg, pulse is 85/min, and respirations are 16/min. On examination, a minimal am... | B: Tanner stage 2 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 10-year-old boy is brought to his pediatrician over concern for a 2-month history of headaches. Recently, the patient has been experiencing nausea and vomiting, along with some difficulty with coordination during soccer practice last week. On exam, the patient's temperature is 98.2°F (36.8°C), blood pressure is 110... | A: Ependymal cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 42-year-old woman with hypertension comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of persistent reddening of her face, daytime fatigue, and difficulty concentrating. She has fallen asleep multiple times during important meetings. Her only medication is lisinopril. She is 170 cm (5 ft 7 in) tall and weighs 88 ... | D: Increased erythropoietin production |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Two-hours into recovery from general anesthesia for an orthopedic fracture, a 34-year-old woman develops fever and masseter muscle rigidity with lockjaw. She has no history of a similar episode. She has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. She appears confused. In the recovery room, her blood press... | B: Dantrolene |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 62-year-old female with a history of uncontrolled hypertension undergoes kidney transplantation. One month following surgery she has elevated serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine and the patient complains of fever and arthralgia. Her medications include tacrolimus and prednisone. If the patient were experiencin... | B: Lymphocytic infiltrate of the tubules and interstitium |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old graduate student visits the university health clinic for 3-weeks of epigastric pain that worsens with meals, associated with retrosternal pain, early satiety, and bloating. She denies vomiting blood or blood in her stool. She has been consuming large volumes of caffeinated-drinks and fast-food for a mon... | C: Fecal antigen testing for Helicobacter pylori |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old man comes to the physician because of dysphagia and hoarseness of voice for the past 3 months. Initially, he had difficulty swallowing solid food but now has difficulty swallowing porridge and liquids as well. He has recently been choking on his oral secretions. During this period, he has had an 8.2-kg ... | A: Destruction of upper and lower motor neurons |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old man with non-Hodgkin lymphoma is brought to the emergency department because of fever and confusion that have progressively worsened over the past 3 days. He also has a 3-day history of loose stools. He returned from France 2 weeks ago where he stayed in the countryside and ate typical French cuisine, i... | E: Vancomycin, ampicillin, and cefepime |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 28-year-old woman presents with a 12-month history of headache, tinnitus, retrobulbar pain, and photopsias. She says the headaches are mild to moderate, intermittent, diffusely localized, and refractory to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In addition, this past week, she began to have associated dizzi... | B: Elevated intracranial venous pressure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 1-month-old girl is brought to the physician for a follow-up examination. The mother has noticed that the girl's neck is always tilted to the right. She was delivered at term, and childbirth was complicated by a breech position. There is no family history of serious illness. She appears healthy. She is at 60th perc... | C: Stretching program |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old Caucasian male with a history of chronic myeloid leukemia for which he is receiving chemotherapy presents to the emergency room with oliguria and colicky left flank pain. His serum creatinine is 3.0 mg/dL and is urine pH is 5.0. You diagnose nephrolithiasis. His kidney stones, however, are not visible o... | D: Uric acid |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 48-year-old man comes to the physician because of a skin lesion on his nose and in his mouth. The lesions have been gradually increasing in size and are not painful or pruritic. Two months ago, he was treated for esophageal candidiasis. Physical examination shows one pinkish-brown papule on the right wing of the no... | D: Human herpes virus 8 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3580-g (7-lb 14-oz) male newborn is delivered at 36 weeks' gestation to a 26-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1 after an uncomplicated pregnancy. His temperature is 36.7°C (98.1°F), heart rate is 96/min, and respirations are 55/min and irregular. Pulse oximetry on room air shows an oxygen saturation of 65% measured ... | B: Administer positive pressure ventilation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 29-year-old man comes to the physician with his wife because she has noticed a change in his behavior over the past 2 weeks. His wife reports that he is very distracted and irritable. His colleagues have voiced concerns that he has not been turning up for work regularly and behaves erratically when he does. Previou... | D: Genetic predisposition |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man with decompensated cirrhosis secondary to hepatitis C is brought to the emergency department with 2 episodes of massive hematemesis that started 2 hours ago. He is a liver transplant candidate. The blood pressure is 110/85 mm Hg in the supine position and 90/70 mm Hg after sitting for 3 minutes. The... | B: Octreotide |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man presents to the emergency department with fatigue and a change in his memory. The patient and his wife state that over the past several weeks the patient has been more confused and irritable and has had trouble focusing. He has had generalized and non-specific pain in his muscles and joints and is c... | B: Heavy metal exposure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 25-year-old male comes to his primary care physician with a painless solitary lesion on his penis that developed 4 days ago. He has not experienced anything like this before. He is currently sexually active with multiple partners and uses condoms inconsistently. His temperature is 37.0°C (98.7°F)... | E: Dark-field microscopy " |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-month-old is noted to have a grade 3/6, harsh, systolic ejection murmur heard at the left upper sternal border. The mother reports that the child's lips occasionally turn blue during feeding. A cardiologist recommends surgery. Later, the physician remarks that the infant's congenital abnormality was related to a ... | B: Pulmonic stenosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man presents to the physician with complaints of burning pain in both feet and lower legs for 3 months. He reports that the pain is especially severe at night. He has a history of diabetes mellitus for the past 5 years, and he frequently skips his oral antidiabetic medications. His temperature is 36.9°C... | D: Aδ & C fibers |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 31-year-old man presents with jaundice, scleral icterus, dark urine, and pruritus. He also says that he has been experiencing abdominal pain shortly after eating. He says that symptoms started a week ago and have not improved. The patient denies any associated fever or recent weight-loss. He is afebrile and vital s... | C: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old African-American boy is brought to the physician because of fatigue and night sweats for the past month. During this time, he has also lost 3 kg (6.6 lbs). Before the onset of symptoms, he had been healthy except for a febrile seizure as an infant. His brother had chickenpox 2 months ago. He is at the 75... | E: Imatinib |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A newborn infant with karyotype 46, XY has male internal and external reproductive structures. The lack of a uterus in this infant can be attributed to the actions of which of the following cell types?? {'A': 'Leydig', 'B': 'Sertoli', 'C': 'Theca', 'D': 'Granulosa', 'E': 'Reticularis'}, | B: Sertoli |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman comes to the physician because of increasing muscle weakness in her shoulders and legs for 6 weeks. She is unable to climb stairs or comb her hair. She has also had difficulty swallowing food for the past week. Her symptoms do not improve with rest. Physical examination shows normal muscle tone. T... | B: Electromyography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 5-year-old boy is brought by his mother to the emergency department with fever, sore throat, runny nose, and rash. The patient’s mother says that symptoms started 3 days ago and that the rash first appeared on his face before spreading. His past medical history is unremarkable. The patient’s family recently moved f... | B: Single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 4-year-old girl is brought to the doctor by her mother with the complaint of hearing loss, which her mother noticed a few days ago when the girl stopped responding to her name. The mother is anxious and says, “I want my child to get better even if it requires admission to the hospital.” Her family moved to a 70-yea... | D: Remove and prevent the child from exposure to the source of lead |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 58-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with complaints of an aching pain and stiffness in her neck, shoulders, and hips for the past several months. She reports difficulty in rising from a seated position as well as in raising her arms above her head. The patient also states that she has had fatig... | C: Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and normal serum creatinine kinase |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 70-year-old man with loose stools over the last 24 hours, accompanied by abdominal pain, cramps, nausea, and anorexia, was hospitalized. Previously, the man was diagnosed with a lung abscess and was treated with clindamycin for 5 days. Past medical history was significant for non-erosive antral gastritis and hypert... | A: Glucosylation of Rho family GTPases |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old man is admitted to the intensive care unit with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to influenza A. He has no history of serious illness and does not smoke. An x-ray of the chest shows diffuse bilateral infiltrates. Two weeks later, his symptoms have improved. Pulmonary examination on dischar... | B: Interstitial lung disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 49-year-old African American female with a history of chronic myeloid leukemia for which she is receiving chemotherapy presents to the emergency room with oliguria and colicky left flank pain. Her serum creatinine is 3.3 mg/dL. What is the preferred preventative therapy that could have been administered to this pat... | A: Diuresis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A research consortium is studying a new vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in premature infants compared to the current standard of care. 1000 infants were randomized to either the new vaccine group or the standard of care group. In total, 520 receive the new vaccine and 480 receive the standard of care. O... | C: 3.75% |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 71-year-old woman comes to her doctor because she is having trouble staying awake in the evening. Over the past year, she has noticed that she gets tired unusually early in the evenings and has trouble staying awake through dinner. She also experiences increased daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and difficulty concentra... | A: Advanced sleep phase disorder |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 63-year-old woman presents to the emergency department after being found unresponsive by her family. Upon presentation she is confused and does not answer questions that are addressed to her. An EKG is obtained and the result is provided here. Which of the following processes would be consistent with the findings s... | A: Acute kidney failure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 24-year-old woman, gravida 1, at 35 weeks gestation is admitted to the hospital with regular contractions and pelvic pressure for the last 5 hours. Her pregnancy has been uncomplicated and she has attended many prenatal appointments and followed the physician's advice about screening for diseases, laboratory testin... | E: No pharmacotherapy at this time |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Researchers are studying a farming community with a high incidence of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). A retrospective cohort study is performed looking at the relationship between exposure to a certain pesticide chemical and the risk of developing AML. In 84 patients who developed AML, 17 had exposure to the pestic... | D: Probability of AML among exposed (17/19) divided by probability of AML among unexposed (67/181) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 66-year-old man presents to his family physician complaining of a sandpaper-like sensation when he touches the lesion on his forehead. His medical history is relevant for hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, for which he is taking losartan and atorvastatin. He used to work as a gardener, but he retired 3 years ag... | B: Squamous cell carcinoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old woman comes to the physician because of episodic, bilateral finger pain and discoloration that occurs with cold weather. Her fingers first turn white, then blue, before eventually returning to a normal skin color. The symptoms have been occurring daily and limit her ability to work. She has no history o... | C: Nifedipine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a complaint of intense pain in his right foot for the past month, along with fever and chills. He denies any traumatic injury to his foot in recent memory. He has a medical history of poorly-controlled type II diabetes and is a former smoker with extensive p... | E: Staphylococcus aureus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 14-year-old girl with a history of severe persistent asthma presents to her pediatrician after a recent hospital discharge for asthma exacerbation. Her mother is concerned that her daughter continues to wheeze and cough multiple nights per week. She is also concerned that her daughter frequently uses the bathroom t... | B: Omalizumab |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A medical student is studying human physiology. She learns that there is a membrane potential across cell membranes in excitable cells. The differential distribution of anions and cations both inside and outside the cells significantly contributes to the genesis of the membrane potential. Which of the following distr... | A: High concentration of Na+ outside the cell and high concentration of K+ inside the cell |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old African-American female presents to the emergency department with fatigue. Her parents endorse malaise and weakness on behalf of the patient for two weeks. Her temperature is 98.9°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 94/70 mmHg, pulse is 102/min, and respirations are 22/min. On physical exam, she is tired-appea... | B: Vitamin B9 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 1-month-old male infant is brought to the physician because of inconsolable crying for the past 3 hours. For the past 3 weeks, he has had multiple episodes of high-pitched unprovoked crying every day that last up to 4 hours and resolve spontaneously. He was born at term and weighed 2966 g (6 lb 9 oz); he now weighs... | D: Reassurance |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 40-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of a painless lump on his neck. Two years ago, he underwent surgery for treatment-resistant hypertension, episodic headaches, and palpitations. Physical examination shows a firm, irregular swelling on the right side of the neck. Ultrasonography of ... | A: Calcitonin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 16-year-old girl is brought to the physician because she has not yet had her 1st period. She was born at 39 weeks gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery. She is up to date on all vaccines and meeting all developmental milestones. She has no history of a serious illness and takes no medications. Physical examina... | D: 46,XY |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old woman with osteoarthritis is brought to the emergency room because of a 2-day history of nausea and vomiting. Over the past few weeks, she has been taking acetaminophen frequently for worsening knee pain. Examination shows scleral icterus and tender hepatomegaly. She appears confused. Serum alanine amin... | C: N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine formation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 7-year-old girl presents with a lump in her neck which she noticed a few days ago. The patient’s mother states that her daughter’s left eyelid seems to be drooping, making her left eye look small. There is no significant past medical history. On neurological examination, the patient has normal bilateral pupillary r... | D: Deletion of short arm of chromosome 1 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old man presents for a follow-up visit as part of his immigration requirements into the United States. Earlier this week, he was administered the Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST). Today’s reading, 3 days after being administered the test, he shows an induration of 10 mm. Given his recent immigration from ... | A: If the spinous process is not in-between the two clavicular heads, the image is repeated. |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 21-year-old man undergoes orthopedic surgery for a leg fracture that he has sustained in a motorbike accident. After induction of anesthesia with desflurane, the patient's respiratory minute ventilation decreases notably. Which of the following additional effects is most likely to occur in response to this drug?? {... | D: Increased intracranial pressure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 64-year-old woman otherwise healthy presents with acute onset severe rectal bleeding. The patient says that 2 hours ago bleeding began suddenly after a difficult bowel movement. She says the blood is bright red, and, initially, bleeding was brisk but now has stopped. The patient denies having any similar symptoms i... | C: von Willebrand factor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 6-month-old girl is brought to the physician because of drooling and excessive crying for 3 days. She calms down when cuddled or with a pacifier in her mouth. She feeds well and has no vomiting or diarrhea. She was breastfed exclusively for 5 months. She is given no medications and was born at 39 weeks gestation vi... | C: Eruption of mandibular incisors |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 23-year-old woman gravida 2, para 1 at 12 weeks' gestation comes to the physician for her initial prenatal visit. She feels well. She was treated for genital herpes one year ago and gonorrhea 3 months ago. Medications include folic acid and a multivitamin. Vital signs are within normal limits. Pelvic examination sh... | E: Administer amoxicillin/clavulanate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man comes to the physician because of progressive fatigue and shortness of breath for 2 months. The dyspnea occurs on moderate exertion and during the night; he sometimes wakes up coughing and “gasping for air.” He has also had several episodes of heart pounding and palpitations. Two weeks ago, he had a... | A: Mitral valve regurgitation |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 20-year-old woman college volleyball player presents with left shoulder pain and difficulty elevating her left arm. The patient began to experience dull pain in her left shoulder 5 days ago after a volleyball game. The pain is worse when she sleeps with her arm under the pillow or elevates or abducts her left arm. ... | B: Tear of the supraspinatus muscle |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An investigator is studying the mechanism regulating pigment production in the skin. She has isolated a hormone produced by the anterior and intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland that stimulates neural crest-derived cells to produce pigments through the oxidation and polymerization of the amino acid tyrosine. This... | D: Mu receptor |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 44-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus comes to the physician with a 3-day history of fever, right calf pain, and swelling. Her temperature is 38.7°C (101.7°F). Physical examination shows a 5 x 6-cm erythematous, warm, raised skin lesion with well-defined margins over the right upper posterior calf. The or... | B: Susceptibility to bacitracin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old man is seen on the surgical floor after a transplant procedure. The previous day, the patient had a renal transplant from a matched donor. He is currently recovering and doing well. The patient has a past medical history of IV drug use, diabetes mellitus, oral cold sores, hypertension, renal failure, an... | E: TMP-SMX |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 50-year-old woman presents with an acute worsening of a chronic rash on her arms and hands for the past week. She says she first noticed the rash 1 year ago which started as little red spots and gradually increased in size. 7 days ago, she noticed the rash suddenly got much worse and spread to her inguinal area, sc... | C: Methotrexate |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 1-day-old infant born at full term by uncomplicated spontaneous vaginal delivery is noted to have cyanosis of the oral mucosa. The baby otherwise appears comfortable. On examination, his respiratory rate is 40/min and pulse oximetry is 80%. His left thumb is displaced and hypoplastic. A right ventricular lift is pa... | B: Tetralogy of Fallot |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old man is pulled out of a burning building. He is unconscious and severely injured. He is transported to the nearest emergency department. Upon arrival, he is stabilized and evaluated for burns and trauma. Approximately 40% of his body is covered in burns. The burned areas appear blackened and charred but ... | B: Deep-partial thickness (3rd degree) |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:An otherwise healthy 43-year-old woman comes to the physician because of several episodes of involuntary movements of her head over the past few months. They are sometimes associated with neck pain and last minutes to hours. Neurologic examination shows no abnormalities. During examination of the neck, the patient's ... | C: Dystonia |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 35-year-old woman presents to her family physician with a complaint of painful joints for the past 2 weeks. She reports symmetric bilateral joint pain in her hands, knees, and ankles. She has never had this before, and her past medical history is notable only for asthma. She states the pain is worse in the morning ... | B: Parvovirus |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 65-year-old man presents to the emergency department with abdominal pain and a pulsatile abdominal mass. Further examination of the mass shows that it is an abdominal aortic aneurysm. A computed tomography scan with contrast reveals an incidental finding of a horseshoe kidney, and the surgeon is informed of this fi... | B: Anomalous origins of multiple renal arteries |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:Thirty minutes after vaginal delivery of a 2780-g (6-lb 2-oz) newborn at term, a 25-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 1, has heavy vaginal bleeding. Her pregnancy was complicated by pre-eclampsia. Her pulse is 111/min and blood pressure is 95/65 mm Hg. Physical examination shows a fundal height 2 inches below the xipho... | B: Activation of phospholipase C |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old African American woman develops a facial rash in a "butterfly" pattern over her face and complains of feeling tired and achy in her joints. In the course of a full rheumatologic workup you note that she has anti-snRNP antibodies. Which of the following do snRNPs affect?? {'A': "Addition of the 5' 7-meth... | D: Intron removal from the mRNA |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A previously healthy 61-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of morning headaches. He also has fatigue and trouble concentrating on his daily tasks at work. He sleeps for 8 hours every night; his wife reports that he sometimes stops breathing for a few seconds while sleeping. His pulse is ... | A: Nocturnal upper airway obstruction |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her parents due to observations of rapid, random, horizontal and vertical eye movements along with occasional jerking movements of her limbs and head. CT scan reveals an abdominal mass that crosses the midline. Further work-up reveals elevated 24-hour urinary homovanil... | B: Hirschsprung disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 41-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 3-week history of fatigue, cough, and a 4.5-kg (10-lb) weight loss. He does not smoke or drink alcohol. He appears emaciated. A chest x-ray shows a calcified nodule in the left lower lobe and left hilar lymphadenopathy. The physician initiates therapy for the cond... | B: Impaired synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old boy is brought in by his mother with a 2-day history of fever and generalized weakness. She says that her son was involved in a school fight with some other kids 4 days ago and sustained minor injuries to the face. He was otherwise well, until this morning, when he complained of pain in his right eye. P... | E: Absent blink reflex |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man presents with shortness of breath, particularly when walking up stairs and when lying down to go to sleep at night. He also complains of a chronic cough and states that he now uses 2 extra pillows at night. The patient has a history of type 2 diabetes that is well-managed with metformin. He also tak... | B: Smoking cessation alone |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 56-year-old woman comes to the physician because of increasing muscle weakness in her shoulders and legs for 1 month. She has difficulties standing up and combing her hair. She also has had a skin rash on her face and hands for the past week. She has hypercholesterolemia treated with simvastatin. She has chronic ec... | E: Elevated serum CA-125 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 27-year-old pregnant woman presents to an obstetrician at 35 weeks gestation reporting that she noted the presence of a mucus plug in her vaginal discharge this morning. The obstetrician performs an examination and confirms that she is in labor. She was diagnosed with HIV infection 1 year ago. Her current antiretro... | E: Zidovudine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 67-year-old female is brought to the emergency room by her son for unusual behavior. She moved into her son’s house three years ago after her husband passed away. The son reports that when he returned home from work earlier in the day, he found his mother minimally responsive. She regained consciousness soon after ... | A: Normal cerebrum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 59-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by a coworker for right arm weakness and numbness. The symptoms started suddenly 2 hours ago. His coworker also noticed his face appears to droop on the right side and his speech is slurred. He has a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and... | A: Hypertension |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old boy is brought to the physician because he is easily fatigued and has not gained weight. He eats 3 meals and has 3 to 4 bowel movements daily with bulky stools that float. He had recurrent episodes of sinusitis in infancy. He is at the 15th percentile for height and 5th percentile for weight. Examination... | B: Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 54-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after being hit by a car while crossing the street. He had a left-sided tonic-clonic seizure and one episode of vomiting while being transported to the hospital. On arrival, he is not oriented to person, place, or time. Physical examination shows fla... | E: Between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 15-month-old girl is brought to the physician because of the sudden appearance of a rash on her trunk that started 6 hours ago and subsequently spread to her extremities. Four days ago, she was taken to the emergency department because of a high fever and vomiting. She was treated with acetaminophen and discharged ... | B: Roseola infantum |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 17-year-old boy presents to his primary care physician for eye pain. The patient states that it has been going on for the past 3 days and has been steadily worsening. He recently suffered a superior orbital fracture secondary to playing football without a helmet that required no treatment other than to refrain from... | B: Dacrocystitis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 68-year-old man is being evaluated in your radiation oncology clinic for treatment of a solid tumor. Your hospital has just purchased a new proton beam purported to deliver targeted radiation with fewer side effects than traditional radiation therapy. The patient expresses strong interest in receiving proton beam t... | B: Proceed with proton beam therapy as discussed at your patient's appointment |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-month-old boy is presented to the clinic for a well-child visit by his parents. They are concerned with his weak cry and difficulty with feeding. Birth history reveals that the boy was born at the 37th week of gestation by cesarean section due to poor fetal movement and fetal distress. His Apgar scores were 3 and... | C: Silencing in imprinting region |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old male presents to his primary care physician for pain in his knee. The patient was in a wrestling match when his legs were grabbed from behind and he was taken to the floor. The patient states that the moment this impact happened, he felt a snapping and sudden pain in his knee. When the match ended and h... | D: Anterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 55-year-old man presents to the physician for the evaluation of excessive daytime sleepiness over the past six months. Despite sleeping 8–9 hours a night and taking a nap during the day, he feels drowsy and is afraid to drive. His wife complains of loud snoring and gasping during the night. His blood pressure is 15... | A: Continuous positive airway pressure |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 60-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of a 3-day history of fever and shortness of breath. He has a history of COPD treated with inhaled albuterol. His temperature is 39.0°C (102.2°F), pulse is 95/min, respirations are 20/min, and blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg. Cardiopulmonary examination shows... | B: Increased pulmonary capillary permeability |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 30-year-old man comes to the physician for follow-up evaluation for hypertension. He reports a 1-month history of episodic throbbing headaches, palpitations, and paroxysmal sweating. Blood pressure is 160/90 mm Hg. He appears pale but physical examination is otherwise unremarkable. Laboratory studies show elevated ... | A: Phenoxybenzamine |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 2-year-old boy is brought to the physician for the evaluation of fever, breathing difficulty, and cough during the past week. In the past year, the patient was diagnosed with four sinus infections, 3 upper respiratory tract infections, and an episode of severe bronchiolitis requiring hospitalization. Since birth, h... | E: T cells |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:In recent years, psoriasis has been identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. A researcher conducted a study in which he identified 200 patients with psoriasis and 200 patients without psoriasis. The patients were followed for 10 years. At the end of this period, participants' charts were reviewed for m... | C: 0.06 |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 36-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, at 37 weeks' gestation comes to the emergency department because of sparse vaginal bleeding for 3 hours. She also noticed the bleeding 3 days ago. She has had no prenatal care. Both of her previous children were delivered by lower segment transverse cesarean section. Her temper... | B: Perform transvaginal sonography |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 51-year-old woman schedules an appointment with her physician with complaints of upper abdominal pain, nausea, and early satiety for the last 6 months. She has type 1 diabetes for the past 10 years and is on subcutaneous insulin with metformin. She complains of occasional heartburn and lost 4.5 kg (10 lb) in the pa... | B: Cisapride |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 3-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her parents for complaints of breast development and pubic hair growth for the past 6 months. She has no significant birth or medical history. The temperature is 37.0°C (98.6°F), the pulse is 88/min, and the respirations are 20/min. Physical examination shows enlarged ... | C: Use a leuprolide test to see the estradiol levels |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 19-year-old woman presents to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. She has a past medical history of gastroesophageal reflux disease. She recently moved to a new city to begin her undergraduate studies. Her father was diagnosed with colon cancer at age 46. Her father's brother died because of... | A: Annual colonoscopy beginning at 20–25 years of age |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 61-year-old man presents to the emergency department for the evaluation of polyuria, polydipsia, and confusion. He has a history of the psychiatric disease but is unable to provide additional details. He is admitted to the hospital and his home medications are continued. Routine testing is unrevealing for the etiol... | E: Lithium |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 32-year-old woman presents to your office with abdominal pain and bloating over the last month. She also complains of intermittent, copious, non-bloody diarrhea over the same time. Last month, she had a cough that has since improved but has not completely resolved. She has no sick contacts and has not left the coun... | B: Penetration of skin |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 78-year-old man presented to his primary physician with a 3-month history of weight loss, fever, fatigue, night sweats, and cough. He is a former smoker. A recent HIV test was negative. A CT scan of the chest reveals a 3 cm lesion in the lower lobe of the left lung and calcification around the left lung hilus. A sp... | A: Primary tuberculosis |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 45-year-old woman comes to see you for a second opinion regarding an upcoming surgery for pancreatic insulinoma. While taking a surgical history, she tells you she previously had a pituitary tumor resected. For which additional neoplasms might you consider testing her?? {'A': 'Medullary thyroid carcinoma', 'B': 'Ph... | C: Parathyroid adenoma |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 12-year-old girl comes to the clinic with a grossly enlarged abdomen. She has a history of frequent episodes of weakness, sweating, and pallor that are eliminated by eating. Her development has been slow. She started to walk unassisted at 2 years and was not performing well at school. Physical examination reveals a... | D: Von-Gierke's disease |
Answer the following medical question with one of the provided options: | Q:A 25-year-old man is brought to the emergency department after his girlfriend discovered him at home in a minimally responsive state. He has a history of drinking alcohol excessively and using illicit drugs. On arrival, he does not respond to commands but withdraws all extremities to pain. His pulse is 90/min, respir... | A: Naloxone |
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