uuid
int64
541B
3,299B
dataset
stringclasses
1 value
text
stringlengths
1
4.29M
3,212,635,540,106
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The ESA mission Gaia is a powerful astronomical space project dedicated to high precision astrometry, photometry and spectroscopy. The details of the science objectives together with the principles of the measurements are given in a companion paper (\cite{gst07}) in this proceeding and are not re...
3,212,635,540,107
arxiv
\section{Background} In \cite{GaosAutomorphismGroups}, Su Gao proves the following \begin{theorem}[Su Gao] \label{SuGaoTheorem} The following are equivalent for a countable $\M$: \begin{itemize} \item[(I)] There is no uncountable model of the Scott sentence of $\M$. \item[(II)] $Aut(\M)$ admits a compatible left-i...
3,212,635,540,108
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:1} Quantum entanglement plays a central role in quantum information processing such as quantum teleportation\cite{bennett93}, and quantum computation\cite{chuang00}. However, the purity of entanglement is vulnerable to various environmental effects, which is an obstacle to realize the...
3,212,635,540,109
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \IEEEPARstart{A}{}long-standing research problem in Music Information Retrieval (MIR) is that of attaining structured digital representations from music sources, typically known as (music) \textit{transcription}~\cite{serra2013roadmap}. The MIR community follows two main ...
3,212,635,540,110
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The importance of the first-principle study in quantum chromodynamics is increasing largely because RHIC experiment has started and LHC is also coming. For precise description of high-energy heavy ion collisions, gauge theory needs to be studied at finite temperature and density in a systema...
3,212,635,540,111
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Today it is often taken for granted that the effect of gravity on a body is independent of its composition, but this was not always the case. While Galileo recognized that the notion that heavier objects fell faster than lighter objects in a gravitational field was incorrect, his experiments i...
3,212,635,540,112
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Among the various gamma-ray sources detected in the MeV/GeV and/or even the TeV band, binary systems are a well-established subclass, although their number is yet small. Interestingly, despite their small number, several varieties of binaries exist with different gamma-ray emission mechanisms. F...
3,212,635,540,113
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, cluster tilting theory (see for example \cite{BMRRT, GLS, 5}) permitted to construct abelian categories from some triangulated categories. The main aim of this article is to provide a framework generalizing this observation to exact categories. By Buan-Marsh-Reiten \cite[Theorem 2.2]{...
3,212,635,540,114
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A superspace $V$ is a vector space over a field endowed with a $\mathbb Z_2$-grading (or a parity structure): $V =\ev V\oplus\od V$, where an element in $\ev V$ is called even, while an element in $\od V$ is called odd. A superalgebra ${\mathcal A}$ is a $\mathbb Z_2$-graded (associative) algebr...
3,212,635,540,115
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the following, $S$ is a closed connected oriented surface. When we speak about a metric with curvature $\leq k$ or $\geq k$, this means that $S$ is endowed with a distance $d$ satisfying a curvature bound in the sense of A.D. Alexandrov, see e.g. \cite{BurBur} or Section~\ref{sec:approx sm...
3,212,635,540,116
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure} \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{fig1-eps-converted-to.pdf} \caption{A sample sequence of micro-expression, where $t$ stands for time order. Since the subtle and involuntary changes of micro-expression, a number of frame samples are similar to each other, which are redun...
3,212,635,540,117
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We are interested in the regularity properties of a kind of quasilinear elliptic operators with discontinuous data acting in a bounded domain $\Omega,$ with irregular boundary $\partial\Omega.$ Precisely, we consider the following Dirichlet problem \begin{equation}\label{DP} \begin{ca...
3,212,635,540,118
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A central question in soft matter pertains to the inverse problem of determining the interaction potentials between building blocks, e.g. colloids or molecules, that give rise to desired structures through self-assembly \cite{jadrich2017probabilistic,sherman2020inverse}. Applications of this inv...
3,212,635,540,119
arxiv
\section{A normal introduction} Quarkonia suppression, as it was introduced by Matsui and Satz in 1986~\cite{Matsui:1986dk}, should be a direct signature of deconfinement. Indeed, these heavy quark-antiquark bound states, the lighter of which being the $J/\psi$ particle, should melt in the quark gluon plasma thanks to...
3,212,635,540,120
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we study abelian groups definable in $p$-adically closed fields. Recall that a definable group $G$ has \emph{finitely satisfiable generics} (\textit{fsg}) if there is a global type on $G$, finitely satisfiable in a small model, with boundedly many left translates. Similarly, ...
3,212,635,540,121
arxiv
\section{Introduction} When considering complex networked systems, there is a strong history of reducing the relative strengths of connections into a simpler, binary format. Much of this has to do with the history of the discipline and its roots in graph theory, though as the field of complex network analysis has grow...
3,212,635,540,122
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} We thank Marina Hesselberg, Karthik Jambunathan, Robert McNeil, Karolis Parfeniukas, Agnieszka Telecka, Shivendra Upadhyay, and Sachin Yadav, for device fabrication. We also thank Lucas Casparis, Ruben Grigoryan, Eoin O'Farrell, Saulius Vaitiek\.enas, Judith Suter, and David van Zanten for v...
3,212,635,540,123
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s:intro} The effects of dynamical processes in dense environments on X-ray emitting binaries were recognized early in X-ray astronomy \citep{Katz75,Clark75}. It is now well understood that the high densities in the core of globular clusters permit various interactions that place single neu...
3,212,635,540,124
arxiv
\section*{1. Introduction } ~ In this paper, we will mainly discuss Jordan product determined points on matrix algebras. Before proceeding let us fix some symbols and notations in this paper. Let $M_n(R)$ be the algebra of all $n\times n$ matrices over a unital commutative ring $R$ with 6 invertible. Matrix units a...
3,212,635,540,125
arxiv
\section{Introduction} As a continuation of our study of the effects of scattering of X-rays by interstellar grains, we have undertaken an examination of the surface brightness profile (SBP) of the Crab Nebula. Toward this end, we have investigated the large-scale structure of the nebula related to the existence of an...
3,212,635,540,126
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Numerous kinds of nonlinear wave phenomena exhibiting weak nonlinearity and dispersion for waves that have a small transverse component in 2+1 dimensions --- such as shallow water waves \cite{KadPet,AblSeg1979}, matter-wave pulses in Bose-Einstein condensates \cite{HuaMakVel}, ion-acoustic ...
3,212,635,540,127
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Measurements of the redshift-luminosity distance relation using high redshift type Ia supernovae combined with cosmic microwave background (CMB) and galaxy clusters data appear to suggest that the present Universe is flat and undergoing a period of $\Lambda$ driven inflation, with the energy den...
3,212,635,540,128
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent advances on nanomagnetism technology allow to fabricate Stoner particles (single-domain magnetic nanoparticles due to strong exchange interaction)\cite{Hehn,Stamm,Shouheng,Zitoun}, which has attracted much attention both from a fundamental point of view and potential applications in...
3,212,635,540,129
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Analytical modeling of the 63.5-GW US Pacific Northwest (USPN) has historically been challenging because of the complex Columbia river operation rules for flood control, Canadian upstream storage, salmon management and many others. In the past years, this complexity has been compounded by the in...
3,212,635,540,130
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction} A central demand of the next generation of high-energy particle colliders, such as the International Linear Collider (ILC), is achieving a highly precise reconstruction of the final states produced in the collisions. The ILC is proposed to deliver collisions of polarized ...
3,212,635,540,131
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Causal inference in observational studies often relies on the assumption of no unmeasured confounding. However, as often the case in practice, when this assumption is violated, uncontrolled confounding can lead to biased estimates and invalid conclusions. Various methods have been...
3,212,635,540,132
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Given a unital $W^*$-algebra $\mathcal A$ we consider the standard Hilbert module denoted by $l^2(\mathcal A)$, (the notation $\mathcal H_{\mathcal A}$ is also widespread) $$l^2(\mathcal A)=\{x=(\xi_1,\xi_2,\dots)\;|\;\xi_j\in\mathcal A,\sum_{j=1}^{+\infty}\xi^*_j\xi_j\mbox{ converges in th...
3,212,635,540,133
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \indent Three Dimensional (3D) reconstruction from single-view images is an ill-posed problem and a big challenge in computer vision. It aims to recover the shape and texture of a 3D model from a single image. Previous methods are divided into several families based on the use of supervisory inf...
3,212,635,540,134
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Quantum computation is based on a series of unitary transformations applied to computational qubits. Quantum states are intrinsically delicate with decoherence being the main limitation. In addition, the unitary transformations associated to quantum gates cannot be...
3,212,635,540,135
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Observational evidence obtained from a wide range of tokamaks indicates that axisymmetric plasmas exhibit differential toroidal rotation even in the absence of an externally applied torque (cf.~\cite{riceNF99,riceNF05,bortolonPRL06,scarabosioPPCF06,degrassiePoP07,duvalPPCF07,riceNF07,erikssonPPC...
3,212,635,540,136
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} We consider the problem of designing \emph{budget-feasible mechanisms} for a natural model of procurement auctions. In this model, an auctioneer is interested in buying services (or goods) from a set of agents $A$. Each agent $i \in A$ specifies a cost $c_i$ to be paid by the bu...
3,212,635,540,137
arxiv
\section{Outline} In this supplementary materials, we include the following contents: \begin{enumerate} \item Mathematical definitions of attribute-based and identity-based metrics. \item Experimental results of the verification pairs provided by RFW. \item iFPR and inter-identity similarity distributions ...
3,212,635,540,138
arxiv
\section{\label{sec-introduction} INTRODUCTION} Elastic $e^{+}e^{-}$ scattering, or Bhabha scattering, \begin{equation}\label{bhabhamomenta} e^-\,(p_1) \, + \, e^+\,(p_2) \, \to \, e^-\,(p_3) \, + \, e^+\,(p_4)\, , \end{equation} was one of the first scattering processes that were observed and predicted in ...
3,212,635,540,139
arxiv
\section{Supplementary Materials} \subsection{Sample Data} \label{sampledata} Here we include some example annotations from the pre-processed corpus. $[]_{s}$ is the source span, $[]_{t}$ the target span and $[]_{r}$ the rationale span. \subsubsection{MPQA2.0} \textbf{Sentence: } After Putin 's \target{statement} \so...
3,212,635,540,140
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Have we discovered all of the particles that acquire most of their mass from the Higgs? Thanks to decoupling, whether we have discovered all particles that acquire {\it any} of their mass from the Higgs is essentially unknowable with finite experimental precision. But particles acquiring a fixed...
3,212,635,540,141
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^2$ be a polygonal region with boundary $\partial\Omega$. We consider the following mixed variational system of linear elasticity based on the Helligner-Reissner principle: Find $({\sigma},{u})\in \Sigma\times V :=H({\rm div}, \Omega; \mathbb{S})\times L^2(\Om...
3,212,635,540,142
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is known to be a disk galaxy with or without a halo. There have been many efforts to find evidence for the presence of a halo in the LMC. Such evidence is looked for in the old stellar population, such as globular clusters (GCs) and field RR Lyrae stars (RRLS). T...
3,212,635,540,143
arxiv
\section*{ Acknowledgments } We thank L.M.K. Vandersypen for comments on our manuscript. This work was supported by The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO/OCW) as part of the Frontiers of Nanoscience program, the Dutch Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM) and the European research ...
3,212,635,540,144
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} \subsection{Small-Scale Thermal Imaging and its Applications}\label{subsec:lit_ss_app} Thermal imaging in the sub-millimetre scale has been employed in diverse fields, spanning integrated circuits and living cells to the measurement of atomic interactions \cite{temp_map_gan_led,q...
3,212,635,540,145
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The homological conjectures, which consist of a set of statements for commutative Noetherian (local) rings, have been of interest in the quest of commutative algebra (see \cite{Ho07} and \cite{Rob12} for known results and history). In this article, we would like to consider the following con...
3,212,635,540,146
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgment} The authors thank Dr. Chakravarthy Reddy for clinical insights and assistance with the anatomical environment used in evaluation. \section{Evaluation} \label{sec:evaluation} We evaluate each of our contributions on a simulated tendon robot within a segmented anatomical environment. We...
3,212,635,540,147
arxiv
\subsection{Introduction} \section{Equality of Opportunity in Rankings}\label{section:equalityOfOpportunity} \vspace{-0.1cm} We first recall the definition of Equality of Opportunity (\textit{EOpp}) in the context of binary classification \cite{Hardtetal_NIPS2016}. \begin{definition}[\textit{EOpp~} in classification]...
3,212,635,540,148
arxiv
\section{SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL} \subsection{Dual SDP} In this section, we derive the expression of the semidefinite program (SDP) dual to that in Eq.~(\ref{primal SDP}) in the main text (MT). From this equation we can write down the~``Lagrangian": \begin{multline} L={\rm tr}\,(H\rho)+r\left({\rm tr}\,\rho-1\right)+y\...
3,212,635,540,149
arxiv
\section{Motivation} \noindent Our motivation to study deformations of Calabi--Yau threefolds comes from mathematical physics. In fact, deformations of complex structures of Calabi--Yau threefolds enter as terms of the integrals defining the action of the theories of Kodaira--Spencer gravity \cite{B}. As we shall s...
3,212,635,540,150
arxiv
\section{introduction} It is a classical result of Bogomolov known as Bogomolov-De Franchis-Castelnuovo inequality that for projective varieties, Kodaira dimension of rank one subsheaves of $\Omega^p$ is bounded form above by $p$. In \cite{Ca95} Campana has proved that assuming some standard conjectures for non-unirul...
3,212,635,540,151
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Nowadays, radio frequency (RF) wireless power transfer (WPT) has been considered as an engaging approach to prolong the lifetime of wireless devices \cite{Lu2015,Tabassum2015, HaVuTranPotentials}. Its principle relies on the fact that radio signals belonging to a frequency range from 300 GHz to 3...
3,212,635,540,152
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Leptoquarks (LQ) are hypothesized exotic color-triplet bosons which couple to both quarks and leptons. They appear in extended gauge theories and composite models and have attributes of both quarks and leptons such as color, fractional electric charge, and lepton and baryon quantum numbers \c...
3,212,635,540,153
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Kazakov--Migdal Model is an SU(N) Lattice Gauge model which was proposed several years ago \REF\KMxyz{V.A. Kazakov and A.A. Migdal, Nucl. Phys. {\bf B397} (214) 1993}\refend in the hope that it would be both soluble in the large $N$ limit and that it would give the correct long distance be...
3,212,635,540,154
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The behavior of a rational self-map of $\mathbb{P}^{1}$ of degree $d \geq 2$ at its critical points plays an important role in its global dynamics. Specifically, we study a special set of maps: \begin{defn}\label{PCF}A rational map $\varphi:\mathbb{P}^{1} \to \mathbb{P}^{1}$ is \textbf{pos...
3,212,635,540,155
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} In infinite dimensional Banach spaces, we always deal with cones. Solidness assumption of these target cones is essential in many cases, including duality theory, variational analysis and so on. A convex subset of a Banach space $X$ is said to be solid if it has nonempty interior. A ...
3,212,635,540,156
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgments} I am grateful to Amos Ori and Eric Poisson for numerous valuable discussions. This work was supported in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and also in part by The Israel Science Foundation (grant no. 74/02-11.1).
3,212,635,540,157
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Preliminaries} A \emph{max-stable process} (MSP) $\bm{\zeta}=\left(\zeta_t\right)_{t\in[0,1]}$ which realizes in the space $C[0,1]:=\{f:[0,1]\to\mathbb R:\ f \textrm{ continuous}\}$, equipped with the sup-norm $\norm f_\infty=\sup_{t\in[0,1]}\abs{f(t)}$, is a stochastic process with the char...
3,212,635,540,158
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Market studies stated that on 2011 smartphone sales have surpassed that of desktop PCs~\cite{p2011}. To this date, smartphones remain the most used handheld devices. This is partly due to the fact that these devices are more powerful and provide more functionalities than the tradit...
3,212,635,540,159
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:1} In observational studies, identifying the causal effect of an exposure variable on the outcome of interest has been a great interest and a challenge for researchers in various disciplines. Utilizing instrumental variables (IV) is one of the popular methods to obtain the properly iden...
3,212,635,540,160
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \section{Introduction} The effective-mass approximation (EMA) is, without a doubt, the most recurrent and widely used approximation in theoretical calculations involving semiconductor structures. The formal justification of why this approximation, where the wave packets are constructed in terms o...
3,212,635,540,161
arxiv
\section{Entropy in the Early Universe} A challenging problem of the standard cosmological model and the standard model of particle physics is to explain the baryon asymmetry of the universe, $n^{A}_B$~\citep{Zyla2020}: \begin{equation} n^{A}_B = \frac{n_B}{S} = \frac{n^+_B - n^-_{\bar{B}}}{S} = (8.2 - 9.2) \times 10^...
3,212,635,540,162
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} It has recently been shown that in a large number of space-time dimensions($D$) there is one-to-one corresondence\cite{membrane,arbBack,yogesh1,secondorder} between dynamics of a black hole and a co-dimension one membrane propagating in asymptotic spacetime of the black hole.\foo...
3,212,635,540,163
arxiv
\chapter{Introduction} \section{Executive Summary} In this thesis we analyze two new quantum algorithms. The first algorithm is called the Amplified Quantum Fourier Transform (Amplified-QFT) which solves the Local Period Problem (see Chapter 2) and the Local Period Problem with Error Stream (see Chapter 3). We...
3,212,635,540,164
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Darboux transformation (DT) \cite{Darbu,Rosu,Song2,Axel1} provides a very powerful method for constructing supersymmetric quantum mechanical systems \cite{Fernand1,maydan1,Gomez,SUZKO} and for finding new solvable potentials both for the Schr\"o\-din\-ger equation \cite{BagrovSamsonov,Suku...
3,212,635,540,165
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The classical Sobolev inequalities play a crucial role in analysis and partial differential equations in Euclidean spaces. In many different settings, Sobolev inequalities have been deeply explored and they are extremely flexible and useful. For a nice introduction of previous work, we refer to ...
3,212,635,540,166
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A paradigm for studying turbulent flows is the so-called homogeneous and isotropic turbulence (HIT) \cite[]{my1975}. Studying this idealized model allows one to focus on the essential physics of small-scale turbulence in the simplest possible case and use it as a first step to understand more co...
3,212,635,540,167
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{sec:introduction} Detailed simulations of neutrino transport are central to understanding the core-collapse supernova explosion mechanism \citep[e.g.,][]{mezzacappa_2005,woosleyJanka_2005,kotake_etal_2006,janka_2012}. Neutrinos of all flavors (i.e., electron, mu, and tau neutrinos and a...
3,212,635,540,168
arxiv
\section{$F_D$-Term Model of Hybrid Inflation} Hybrid inflation~\cite{Linde}, along with its supersymmetric realizations~\cite{CLLSW}, remains one of the most predictive models of inflation. In such a scenario, inflation terminates at some critical point when a so called waterfall field acquires a vacuum expectation v...
3,212,635,540,169
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} As liquids are cooled towards their glass transitions, their relaxation times increase dramatically, and the motion of their constituent particles becomes increasingly co-operative and heterogeneous~\cite{ediger96,ediger00,deb-still01}. There are several competing theories that...
3,212,635,540,170
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Let $G$ be a finitely generated group and $(\rho_\lambda)_{\lambda\in \Lambda}$ be a holomorphic family of representations of $G$ into the M\"obius group $\mathrm{PSL}(2,\mathbb C)$. Viewing these representations as dynamical systems on ${\mathbb{P}^1}$, we can divide the parameter space $\La...
3,212,635,540,171
arxiv
\section{Introduction \label{sec:1}} The study of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) photons using the \textit{Planck} \cite{Planck} and BICEP2 \cite{Bicep2} data sets has opened up a new constraint on inflationary models~\cite{encyclo}. Specifically, the detailed analysis of \textit{Planck} data~\cite{Planck} con...
3,212,635,540,172
arxiv
\section{Introduction}Local weak convergence of a sequence of finite expander graphs has been studied in relation to locality of critical probability of percolation in \cite{BNP}. Locality of critical probability for Bernoulli bond percolation on infinite graphs is in itself a very significant and well studied problem,...
3,212,635,540,173
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The dominant production mechanism of top quarks at the LHC is pair production through the strong interaction ($\text{t}\overline{\text{t}}$\xspace). Electroweak production of single top quarks is more rare, but provides essential complementary information for furthering our understanding of the S...
3,212,635,540,174
arxiv
\section{Introduction} No reliable analytic approach exists to QCD at large distances. The usual perturbative quantization leads to an $S$ matrix which is not Borel summable. For reasons which are not understood the perturbative expansion works anyhow at small distances, where a few terms correctly describe experiments...
3,212,635,540,175
arxiv
\section{Discussion} \subsection{\ourname{} design vs. implementation}\label{sec:designvsimpl} \ourname was designed to target large collections of TPU accelerators. The use of TPU instead of GPU affects many of our low-level design decisions. The biggest difference between TPU and GPU is that far longer-running an...
3,212,635,540,176
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} In the last decade, high-velocity dislocation motion in crystals has been the subject of many two-dimensional (2D) studies by molecular dynamics,\cite{GUMB99,LI02,MORD03,VAND04,OLMS05,MARI06,MORD06,TSUZ08,JING08} or via direct measurements in a plasma crystal slab.\cite...
3,212,635,540,177
arxiv
\section{Challenges and opportunities in the millihertz band}\label{sec:introduction} From the early post-Newtonian (PN) results \citep[see, e.g.][]{1985damour,1991damour,1998jaranowski,1999jaranowski}, formalisms such as the effective-one-body \citep[EOB; see, e.g.][]{1999buonanno,2001damoureob,2010barack,2012akcay,2...
3,212,635,540,178
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Gradient boosting~\cite{friedman2001greedy} is a classic machine learning algorithm successfully used for web search, recommendation systems, weather forecasting, and other problems~\cite{roe2005boosted,caruana2006empirical,richardson2007predicting,wu2010adapting,burges2010ranknet,zhang2015gradi...
3,212,635,540,179
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) are longstanding candidate sources for the highest-energy cosmic rays, the origin of which is still unknown. The blazar subclass is comprised of BL\,Lac objects and the more luminous Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs), the relativistic jets of which are pointed...
3,212,635,540,180
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgment} \section{Conclusion} \label{conclusion} In this paper, we have presented the design, implementation, and evaluation of PA-Cache, a novel popularity-aware edge content caching algorithm in edge networks. It makes adaptive caching decisions with the aim to maximize the cache hit rate in the ...
3,212,635,540,181
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Field theories in $(2+1)$-dimensional space-time exhibit many interesting and important properties related to the masses of the particle excitations of the quantum fields. For example, gauge theories involving a Chern-Simons term support massive gauge field excitations \cite{J1,sdrj}, which diffe...
3,212,635,540,182
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Studies of the fundamental parameters of pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars are relevant since they provide tests of stellar evolution models (e.g. Baraffe et al. 1998; Chabrier et al. 2000). These models are widely used to derive theoretical masses of photometrically detected young low-mass object...
3,212,635,540,183
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} \setcounter{footnote}{0} In spite of the successes of the $\Lambda \rm CDM$ cosmological model \citep[i.e.][]{springel_05}, a major discrepancy remains between the predicted number density of dark matter halos and the observed number density of galaxies in the low-mass r...
3,212,635,540,184
arxiv
\section{#1}} \renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}} \newtheorem{dfn}{Definition}[section] \newtheorem{thm}[dfn]{Theorem} \newtheorem{lmma}[dfn]{Lemma} \newtheorem{ppsn}[dfn]{Proposition} \newtheorem{crlre}[dfn]{Corollary} \newtheorem{xmpl}[dfn]{Example} \newtheorem{rmrk}[dfn]{Remark} \newcomman...
3,212,635,540,185
arxiv
\section{The J{\'o}nsson distributivity spectrum} \labbel{sp} Obviously, an algebra $\mathbf A$ is congruence distributive if and only if, for every natural number $m \geq 2$, the congruence identity $ \alpha ( \beta \circ _m \gamma ) \subseteq \alpha \beta + \alpha \gamma $ holds in $\mathbf {Con} (\math...
3,212,635,540,186
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Background and Motivation} Studies about cooperation of autonomous mobile robots have attracted a lot of attention recently in the field of Distributed Computing. The main goal of those works is to characterize the minimum capabilities of robots that permit to achieve a given task. S...
3,212,635,540,187
arxiv
\section{Introduction} While the research on adequate statistical models to predict the outcome of (men's) international soccer tournaments, such as European championships (EUROs) or FIFA World Cups, has substantially advanced in recent years, to the best of our knowledge there exists no significant scientific lite...
3,212,635,540,188
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} A fraction of galaxy clusters exhibit diffuse Mpc-scale synchrotron emission (referred to as radio halos and radio relics) not related to any particular cluster galaxy \citep[for reviews see][]{2012A&ARv..20...54F, 2012SSRv..166..187B}. This emission manifests itself by the pr...
3,212,635,540,189
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The recent development of convolutional neural network (CNN) has made it a powerful tool for image classification tasks. For example, the natural image \cite{szegedy_going_2014} and character image \cite{ciresan_multi-column_2012} classification. This is because the structure o...
3,212,635,540,190
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} Deep learning based video classification is extensively used in a growing variety of applications, such as facial recognition, activity recognition, gesture analysis, behavioral analysis, eye gaze estimation, and emotion recognition in empathy-based AI systems \cite{ali2020spati...
3,212,635,540,191
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Attracting the attention of potential customers in today's information rich social media is a challenge. As a result marketers have been forced to target customers in more sophisticated ways. Location-based (regional) and hyper-location-based (within eye-sight) targeting has turned out to be very...
3,212,635,540,192
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{} DANCE (Detector for Advanced Neutron Capture Experiments) is a 4$\pi$ detector array that consists of up to 160 elements of barium fluoride crystals. It is designed to study capture reactions on small quantities of radioactive isotopes, which are of interest to studies in nuclear...
3,212,635,540,193
arxiv
\subsection{Introduction} Fluctuation-dissipation theorem is one of the fundamental concepts of physics, and is of interest across all of physics. In terms of current fluctuations in isolated systems in the thermodynamic limit, it manifests as the standard isolated system Green-Kubo formula \cite{Kubo1,Kubo2,Green1...
3,212,635,540,194
arxiv
\section{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0}} \def\alpha{\alpha} \def\beta{\beta} \def\c{\gamma} \def\delta{\delta} \def\e{\epsilon} \def\f{\phi} \def\vf{\varphi} \def\tvf{\tilde{\varphi}} \def\gamma{\gamma} \def\h{\eta} \def\iota{\iota} \def\psi{\psi} \def\k...
3,212,635,540,195
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The computing demands for modern experiments in high-energy particle and nuclear physics are increasingly challenging. This holds in particular for experiments relying heavily on real-time data processing. An example is the Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment (CBM)~\cite{cbm...
3,212,635,540,196
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The recent report of superconductivity in thin films of Nd$_{0.8}$Sr$_{0.2}$NiO$_2$ by Li \etal has rekindled interest in the infinite-layer nickelates because the nominal valence of Ni$^{1+}$ in these materials has the same $3d^9$ electronic configuration with $s = \frac{1}{2}$ that is found in...
3,212,635,540,197
arxiv
\section{Introduction:} \label{intro.sec} The interest in precise measurements of the flux of neutrinos produced in cosmic ray cascades in the atmosphere has been growing over the last years due to the anomaly in the ratio of contained muon neutrino to electron neutrino interactions. The past observations of Kamiokan...
3,212,635,540,198
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The asymptotic giant branch (AGB) is the final stage of the lives of low- and intermediate-mass stars. Evolution during the AGB phase is dominated by thermal pulses~\citep{1965ApJ...142..855S}. These cyclical events consist of brief, intense helium-burning {\it pulses} interspersed with quiesc...
3,212,635,540,199
arxiv
\section{Cosmological Parameters} \subsection{Hubble Expansion Law }\label{subsec:hubble} The cosmological stage is quite simple and is set by General Relativity and the assumption (well confirmed by the data) of the homogeneous and isotropic matter distribution on cosmological scales. The Einstein equations for this...
3,212,635,540,200
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It goes without saying that the recent observation of a Higgs boson with mass around 126\,GeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)~\cite{lhc} and determination of the neutrino-mixing parameter $\sin\theta_{13}$ at neutrino-oscillation experiments~\cite{An:2012eh} constitute crucial guideposts...
3,212,635,540,201
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Motivation} The search for a universal form for the distribution of wealth dates back over a century to the pioneering work of Vilfredo Pareto, who first posited that wealth distribution tails are decaying power laws~\cite{Pareto2, Pareto}. While this problem may seem like a simple ...
3,212,635,540,202
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The hadronic vacuum polarisation function governs the leading hadronic contributions of several electroweak parameters~\cite{Renner:2012fa}. In particular, we can extract from it the hadronic leading-order anomalous magnetic moments of all three leptons present in the standard model of particle ...
3,212,635,540,203
arxiv
\section{The Formalism} \label{sec:model} This 6-dimensional doubly warped model contains two extra spatial dimensions along with the usual 4 noncompact dimensions. The double warping is associated with the two extra spatial dimensions which are denoted by the angular coordinates ($y,\,z$). As similar to the 5-dimensio...
3,212,635,540,204
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The $\gamma$-ray strength function, especially the $E1$-strength distribution, plays an important role as an ingredient in statistical-model calculations for nuclear astrophysics. This is the case for the synthesis of trans-iron elements during the so-called $p$ process \cite{Arnould03,Rauscher13...
3,212,635,540,205
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Cosmic strings are linear topological defects which exist as solutions in a large class of particle physics models beyond the Standard Model. Cosmic strings have common features with line defects in crystals and with vortex lines in superconductors and superfluids. Cosmic strings are lines of t...