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3,212,635,540,106 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The ESA mission Gaia is a powerful astronomical space project
dedicated to high precision astrometry, photometry and
spectroscopy. The details of the science objectives together with
the principles of the measurements are given in a companion paper
(\cite{gst07}) in this proceeding and are not re... |
3,212,635,540,107 | arxiv | \section{Background}
In \cite{GaosAutomorphismGroups}, Su Gao proves the following
\begin{theorem}[Su Gao] \label{SuGaoTheorem} The following are equivalent for a countable $\M$:
\begin{itemize}
\item[(I)] There is no uncountable model of the Scott sentence of $\M$.
\item[(II)] $Aut(\M)$ admits a compatible left-i... |
3,212,635,540,108 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:1}
Quantum entanglement plays a central role in quantum information processing such as quantum teleportation\cite{bennett93}, and quantum computation\cite{chuang00}. However, the purity of entanglement is vulnerable to various environmental effects, which is an obstacle to realize the... |
3,212,635,540,109 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{A}{}long-standing research problem in Music Information Retrieval (MIR) is that of attaining structured digital representations from music sources, typically known as (music) \textit{transcription}~\cite{serra2013roadmap}. The MIR community follows two main ... |
3,212,635,540,110 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The importance of the first-principle study
in quantum chromodynamics is increasing largely
because RHIC experiment has started and LHC is also coming.
For precise description of high-energy heavy ion collisions,
gauge theory needs to be studied at finite temperature and density
in a systema... |
3,212,635,540,111 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Today it is often taken for granted that the effect of gravity on a body is independent of its composition, but this was not always the case. While Galileo recognized that the notion that heavier objects fell faster than lighter objects in a gravitational field was incorrect, his experiments i... |
3,212,635,540,112 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Among the various gamma-ray sources detected in the MeV/GeV and/or even the TeV band, binary systems are a well-established subclass, although their number is yet small.
Interestingly, despite their small number, several varieties of binaries exist with different gamma-ray emission mechanisms.
F... |
3,212,635,540,113 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Recently, cluster tilting theory (see for example \cite{BMRRT, GLS, 5}) permitted to construct abelian categories from some triangulated categories. The main aim of this article is to provide a framework generalizing this observation to exact categories. By Buan-Marsh-Reiten \cite[Theorem 2.2]{... |
3,212,635,540,114 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A superspace $V$ is a vector space over a field endowed with
a $\mathbb Z_2$-grading (or a parity structure): $V =\ev V\oplus\od V$, where an element in $\ev V$ is called even, while an element in $\od V$ is called odd.
A superalgebra ${\mathcal A}$ is a $\mathbb Z_2$-graded (associative) algebr... |
3,212,635,540,115 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the following, $S$ is a closed connected oriented surface.
When we speak about a metric with curvature $\leq k$ or $\geq k$, this means that $S$ is endowed with a distance $d$ satisfying
a curvature bound in the sense of A.D. Alexandrov, see e.g. \cite{BurBur} or Section~\ref{sec:approx sm... |
3,212,635,540,116 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{fig1-eps-converted-to.pdf}
\caption{A sample sequence of micro-expression, where $t$ stands for time order. Since the subtle and involuntary changes of micro-expression, a number of frame samples are similar to each other,
which are redun... |
3,212,635,540,117 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
We are interested in the regularity properties of a kind of quasilinear elliptic operators with discontinuous data acting in a bounded domain $\Omega,$ with irregular boundary $\partial\Omega.$ Precisely, we consider the following Dirichlet problem
\begin{equation}\label{DP}
\begin{ca... |
3,212,635,540,118 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A central question in soft matter pertains to the inverse problem of determining the interaction potentials between building blocks, e.g. colloids or molecules, that give rise to desired structures through self-assembly \cite{jadrich2017probabilistic,sherman2020inverse}. Applications of this inv... |
3,212,635,540,119 | arxiv | \section{A normal introduction}
Quarkonia suppression, as it was introduced by Matsui and Satz in 1986~\cite{Matsui:1986dk}, should be a direct signature of deconfinement.
Indeed, these heavy quark-antiquark bound states, the lighter of which being the $J/\psi$ particle, should melt in the quark gluon plasma thanks to... |
3,212,635,540,120 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we study abelian groups definable in $p$-adically closed
fields. Recall that a definable group $G$ has \emph{finitely
satisfiable generics} (\textit{fsg}) if there is a global type on $G$,
finitely satisfiable in a small model, with boundedly many left
translates. Similarly, ... |
3,212,635,540,121 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
When considering complex networked systems, there is a strong history of reducing the relative strengths of connections into a simpler, binary format. Much of this has to do with the history of the discipline and its roots in graph theory, though as the field of complex network analysis has grow... |
3,212,635,540,122 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgments}
We thank Marina Hesselberg, Karthik Jambunathan, Robert McNeil, Karolis Parfeniukas, Agnieszka Telecka, Shivendra Upadhyay, and Sachin Yadav, for device fabrication. We also thank Lucas Casparis, Ruben Grigoryan, Eoin O'Farrell, Saulius Vaitiek\.enas, Judith Suter, and David van Zanten for v... |
3,212,635,540,123 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{s:intro}
The effects of dynamical processes in dense environments on X-ray emitting binaries were recognized early in X-ray astronomy \citep{Katz75,Clark75}. It is now well understood that the high densities in the core of globular clusters permit various interactions that place single neu... |
3,212,635,540,124 | arxiv | \section*{1. Introduction }
~
In this paper, we will mainly discuss Jordan product determined points on matrix algebras. Before proceeding let us fix some symbols and notations in this paper. Let $M_n(R)$ be the algebra of all $n\times n$ matrices over a unital commutative ring $R$ with 6 invertible. Matrix units a... |
3,212,635,540,125 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As a continuation of our study of the effects of scattering of X-rays by
interstellar grains, we have undertaken an examination of the surface brightness
profile (SBP) of the Crab Nebula. Toward this end, we have investigated the
large-scale structure of the nebula related to the existence of an... |
3,212,635,540,126 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Numerous kinds of nonlinear wave phenomena
exhibiting weak nonlinearity and dispersion for waves that have a small transverse component in 2+1 dimensions ---
such as
shallow water waves \cite{KadPet,AblSeg1979},
matter-wave pulses in Bose-Einstein condensates \cite{HuaMakVel},
ion-acoustic ... |
3,212,635,540,127 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Measurements of the redshift-luminosity distance relation
using high redshift type Ia supernovae combined with
cosmic microwave background (CMB)
and galaxy clusters data appear to
suggest that the present Universe is flat and undergoing a
period of $\Lambda$ driven inflation,
with the energy den... |
3,212,635,540,128 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recent advances on nanomagnetism technology allow to fabricate Stoner
particles (single-domain magnetic nanoparticles due to strong exchange
interaction)\cite{Hehn,Stamm,Shouheng,Zitoun}, which has attracted much
attention both from a fundamental point of view and potential
applications in... |
3,212,635,540,129 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Analytical modeling of the 63.5-GW US Pacific Northwest (USPN) has historically been challenging because of the complex Columbia river operation rules for flood control, Canadian upstream storage, salmon management and many others. In the past years, this complexity has been compounded by the in... |
3,212,635,540,130 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
A central demand of the next generation of high-energy particle colliders, such as the International Linear Collider (ILC), is achieving a highly precise reconstruction of the final states produced in the collisions.
The ILC is proposed to deliver collisions of polarized ... |
3,212,635,540,131 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Causal inference in observational studies often relies on the assumption of no unmeasured confounding.
However, as often the case in practice, when this assumption is violated, uncontrolled confounding can lead to biased estimates and invalid conclusions. Various methods have been... |
3,212,635,540,132 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Given a unital $W^*$-algebra $\mathcal A$ we consider the standard Hilbert module denoted by $l^2(\mathcal
A)$, (the notation $\mathcal H_{\mathcal A}$ is also widespread)
$$l^2(\mathcal A)=\{x=(\xi_1,\xi_2,\dots)\;|\;\xi_j\in\mathcal A,\sum_{j=1}^{+\infty}\xi^*_j\xi_j\mbox{
converges in th... |
3,212,635,540,133 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\indent Three Dimensional (3D) reconstruction from single-view images is an ill-posed problem and a big challenge in computer vision. It aims to recover the shape and texture of a 3D model from a single image. Previous methods are divided into several families based on the use of supervisory inf... |
3,212,635,540,134 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Quantum computation is based on a series of unitary transformations applied
to computational qubits. Quantum states are intrinsically delicate with decoherence being the main limitation. In addition, the unitary transformations associated to quantum gates cannot be... |
3,212,635,540,135 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Observational evidence obtained from a wide range of tokamaks indicates that axisymmetric plasmas exhibit differential toroidal rotation even in the absence of an externally applied torque (cf.~\cite{riceNF99,riceNF05,bortolonPRL06,scarabosioPPCF06,degrassiePoP07,duvalPPCF07,riceNF07,erikssonPPC... |
3,212,635,540,136 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
We consider the problem of designing \emph{budget-feasible mechanisms} for a natural model of procurement auctions. In this model, an auctioneer is interested in buying services (or goods) from a set of agents $A$. Each agent $i \in A$ specifies a cost $c_i$ to be paid by the bu... |
3,212,635,540,137 | arxiv |
\section{Outline}
In this supplementary materials, we include the following contents:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Mathematical definitions of attribute-based and identity-based metrics.
\item Experimental results of the verification pairs provided by RFW.
\item iFPR and inter-identity similarity distributions ... |
3,212,635,540,138 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec-introduction} INTRODUCTION}
Elastic $e^{+}e^{-}$ scattering, or Bhabha scattering,
\begin{equation}\label{bhabhamomenta}
e^-\,(p_1) \, + \,
e^+\,(p_2) \, \to \,
e^-\,(p_3) \, + \, e^+\,(p_4)\,
,
\end{equation}
was one of the first scattering processes that were observed and predicted in ... |
3,212,635,540,139 | arxiv | \section{Supplementary Materials}
\subsection{Sample Data} \label{sampledata}
Here we include some example annotations from the pre-processed corpus. $[]_{s}$ is the source span, $[]_{t}$ the target span and $[]_{r}$ the rationale span.
\subsubsection{MPQA2.0}
\textbf{Sentence: } After Putin 's \target{statement} \so... |
3,212,635,540,140 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Have we discovered all of the particles that acquire most of their mass from the Higgs? Thanks to decoupling, whether we have discovered all particles that acquire {\it any} of their mass from the Higgs is essentially unknowable with finite experimental precision. But particles acquiring a fixed... |
3,212,635,540,141 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^2$ be a polygonal region with boundary $\partial\Omega$.
We consider the following mixed variational system of linear elasticity based on the Helligner-Reissner principle: Find $({\sigma},{u})\in \Sigma\times V :=H({\rm div}, \Omega; \mathbb{S})\times L^2(\Om... |
3,212,635,540,142 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is known to be a disk galaxy with or without a halo.
There have been many efforts to find evidence for the presence of a halo in the LMC.
Such evidence is looked for in the old stellar population, such as globular clusters (GCs) and
field RR Lyrae stars (RRLS). T... |
3,212,635,540,143 | arxiv | \section*{ Acknowledgments }
We thank L.M.K. Vandersypen for comments on our manuscript.
This work was supported by The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO/OCW) as part of the Frontiers of Nanoscience program, the Dutch Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM) and the European research ... |
3,212,635,540,144 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
\subsection{Small-Scale Thermal Imaging and its Applications}\label{subsec:lit_ss_app}
Thermal imaging in the sub-millimetre scale has been employed in diverse fields, spanning integrated circuits and living cells to the measurement of atomic interactions \cite{temp_map_gan_led,q... |
3,212,635,540,145 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The homological conjectures, which consist of a set of statements for commutative Noetherian (local) rings, have been of interest in the quest of commutative algebra (see \cite{Ho07} and \cite{Rob12} for known results and history). In this article, we would like to consider the following con... |
3,212,635,540,146 | arxiv |
\section*{Acknowledgment}
The authors thank Dr. Chakravarthy Reddy for clinical insights and assistance with the anatomical environment used in evaluation.
\section{Evaluation}
\label{sec:evaluation}
We evaluate each of our contributions on a simulated tendon robot within a segmented anatomical environment.
We... |
3,212,635,540,147 | arxiv |
\subsection{Introduction}
\section{Equality of Opportunity in Rankings}\label{section:equalityOfOpportunity}
\vspace{-0.1cm}
We first recall the definition of Equality of Opportunity (\textit{EOpp}) in the context of binary classification \cite{Hardtetal_NIPS2016}.
\begin{definition}[\textit{EOpp~} in classification]... |
3,212,635,540,148 | arxiv | \section{SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL}
\subsection{Dual SDP}
In this section, we derive the expression of the semidefinite program (SDP) dual to that in Eq.~(\ref{primal SDP}) in the main text (MT).
From this equation
we can write down the~``Lagrangian":
\begin{multline}
L={\rm tr}\,(H\rho)+r\left({\rm tr}\,\rho-1\right)+y\... |
3,212,635,540,149 | arxiv | \section{Motivation}
\noindent
Our motivation to study deformations of Calabi--Yau threefolds comes from mathematical physics.
In fact, deformations of complex structures of Calabi--Yau threefolds enter as terms of the integrals defining
the action of the theories of Kodaira--Spencer gravity \cite{B}. As we shall s... |
3,212,635,540,150 | arxiv | \section{introduction}
It is a classical result of Bogomolov known as Bogomolov-De Franchis-Castelnuovo inequality that for projective varieties, Kodaira dimension of rank one subsheaves of $\Omega^p$ is bounded form above by $p$. In \cite{Ca95} Campana has proved that assuming some standard conjectures for non-unirul... |
3,212,635,540,151 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Nowadays, radio frequency (RF) wireless power transfer (WPT) has been considered as an engaging approach to prolong the lifetime of wireless devices \cite{Lu2015,Tabassum2015, HaVuTranPotentials}.
Its principle relies on the fact that radio signals belonging to a frequency range from 300 GHz to 3... |
3,212,635,540,152 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Leptoquarks (LQ) are hypothesized exotic color-triplet bosons which couple to
both quarks and leptons. They appear in extended gauge theories and composite
models and have attributes of both quarks and leptons
such as color, fractional electric charge, and lepton and baryon quantum
numbers \c... |
3,212,635,540,153 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Kazakov--Migdal Model is an SU(N) Lattice Gauge model which
was proposed several years ago \REF\KMxyz{V.A. Kazakov and A.A. Migdal, Nucl. Phys. {\bf B397} (214) 1993}\refend
in the hope that it would be both soluble in the large $N$ limit and
that it would give the correct long distance be... |
3,212,635,540,154 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The behavior of a rational self-map of $\mathbb{P}^{1}$ of degree $d \geq 2$ at its critical points plays an important role in its global dynamics. Specifically, we
study a special set of maps:
\begin{defn}\label{PCF}A rational map $\varphi:\mathbb{P}^{1} \to \mathbb{P}^{1}$ is \textbf{pos... |
3,212,635,540,155 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
In infinite dimensional Banach spaces, we always deal with cones. Solidness assumption of these target cones is essential in many cases, including duality theory, variational analysis and so on. A convex subset of a Banach space $X$ is said to be solid if it has nonempty interior. A ... |
3,212,635,540,156 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgments}
I am grateful to Amos Ori and Eric Poisson for numerous valuable discussions.
This work was supported in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering
Research Council of Canada, and also in part by
The Israel Science Foundation (grant no. 74/02-11.1).
|
3,212,635,540,157 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Preliminaries}
A \emph{max-stable process} (MSP) $\bm{\zeta}=\left(\zeta_t\right)_{t\in[0,1]}$ which realizes in the space $C[0,1]:=\{f:[0,1]\to\mathbb R:\ f \textrm{ continuous}\}$, equipped with the sup-norm $\norm f_\infty=\sup_{t\in[0,1]}\abs{f(t)}$, is a stochastic process with the char... |
3,212,635,540,158 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{intro}
Market studies stated that on 2011 smartphone sales have surpassed that of desktop PCs~\cite{p2011}.
To this date, smartphones remain the most used handheld devices. This is partly due to the fact that these devices are more powerful and provide more functionalities than the tradit... |
3,212,635,540,159 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:1}
In observational studies, identifying the causal effect of an exposure variable on the outcome of interest has been a great interest and a challenge for researchers in various disciplines. Utilizing instrumental variables (IV) is one of the popular methods to obtain the properly iden... |
3,212,635,540,160 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\section{Introduction}
The effective-mass approximation (EMA) is, without a doubt, the most recurrent and widely used approximation in theoretical calculations involving semiconductor structures. The formal justification of why this approximation, where the wave packets are constructed in terms o... |
3,212,635,540,161 | arxiv | \section{Entropy in the Early Universe}
A challenging problem of the standard cosmological model and the standard model of particle physics is to explain the baryon asymmetry of the universe, $n^{A}_B$~\citep{Zyla2020}:
\begin{equation}
n^{A}_B = \frac{n_B}{S} = \frac{n^+_B - n^-_{\bar{B}}}{S} = (8.2 - 9.2) \times 10^... |
3,212,635,540,162 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
It has recently been shown that in a large number of space-time dimensions($D$) there is one-to-one corresondence\cite{membrane,arbBack,yogesh1,secondorder} between dynamics of a black hole and a co-dimension one membrane propagating in asymptotic spacetime of the black hole.\foo... |
3,212,635,540,163 | arxiv | \chapter{Introduction}
\section{Executive Summary}
In this thesis we analyze two new quantum algorithms. The first algorithm is
called the Amplified Quantum Fourier Transform (Amplified-QFT) which solves
the Local Period Problem (see Chapter 2) and the Local Period Problem with
Error Stream (see Chapter 3). We... |
3,212,635,540,164 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Darboux transformation (DT) \cite{Darbu,Rosu,Song2,Axel1}
provides a very powerful method for constructing supersymmetric
quantum mechanical systems \cite{Fernand1,maydan1,Gomez,SUZKO} and
for finding new solvable potentials both for the Schr\"o\-din\-ger
equation \cite{BagrovSamsonov,Suku... |
3,212,635,540,165 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The classical Sobolev inequalities play a crucial role in analysis and partial differential equations in Euclidean spaces. In many different settings, Sobolev inequalities have been deeply explored and they are extremely flexible and useful. For a nice introduction of previous work, we refer to ... |
3,212,635,540,166 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A paradigm for studying turbulent flows is the so-called homogeneous and isotropic turbulence (HIT) \cite[]{my1975}. Studying this idealized model allows one to focus on the essential physics of small-scale turbulence in the simplest possible case and use it as a first step to understand more co... |
3,212,635,540,167 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec:introduction}
Detailed simulations of neutrino transport are central to understanding the core-collapse supernova explosion mechanism \citep[e.g.,][]{mezzacappa_2005,woosleyJanka_2005,kotake_etal_2006,janka_2012}.
Neutrinos of all flavors (i.e., electron, mu, and tau neutrinos and a... |
3,212,635,540,168 | arxiv | \section{$F_D$-Term Model of Hybrid Inflation}
Hybrid inflation~\cite{Linde}, along with its supersymmetric realizations~\cite{CLLSW}, remains one of the most predictive models of inflation. In such a scenario, inflation terminates at some critical point when a so called waterfall field acquires a vacuum expectation v... |
3,212,635,540,169 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
As liquids are cooled towards their glass transitions, their relaxation times increase dramatically, and
the motion of their constituent particles becomes increasingly co-operative and heterogeneous~\cite{ediger96,ediger00,deb-still01}.
There are several competing theories that... |
3,212,635,540,170 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Let $G$ be a finitely generated group and $(\rho_\lambda)_{\lambda\in \Lambda}$ be a holomorphic family of representations of $G$
into the M\"obius group $\mathrm{PSL}(2,\mathbb C)$.
Viewing these representations as dynamical systems on ${\mathbb{P}^1}$,
we can divide the parameter space $\La... |
3,212,635,540,171 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{sec:1}}
The study of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) photons using the
\textit{Planck} \cite{Planck} and BICEP2 \cite{Bicep2} data sets has opened up
a new constraint on inflationary models~\cite{encyclo}. Specifically, the
detailed analysis of \textit{Planck} data~\cite{Planck} con... |
3,212,635,540,172 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}Local weak convergence of a sequence of finite expander graphs has been studied in relation to locality of critical probability of percolation in \cite{BNP}. Locality of critical probability for Bernoulli bond percolation on infinite graphs is in itself a very significant and well studied problem,... |
3,212,635,540,173 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The dominant production mechanism of top quarks at the LHC is pair production through the strong interaction ($\text{t}\overline{\text{t}}$\xspace). Electroweak production of single top quarks is more rare, but provides essential complementary information for furthering our understanding of the S... |
3,212,635,540,174 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
No reliable analytic approach exists to QCD at large distances. The usual
perturbative quantization leads to an $S$ matrix which is not Borel summable.
For reasons which are not understood the perturbative expansion works anyhow at
small distances, where a few terms correctly describe experiments... |
3,212,635,540,175 | arxiv |
\section{Discussion}
\subsection{\ourname{} design vs. implementation}\label{sec:designvsimpl}
\ourname was designed to target large collections of TPU accelerators. The use of TPU instead of GPU affects many of our low-level design decisions. The biggest difference between TPU and GPU is that far longer-running an... |
3,212,635,540,176 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
In the last decade, high-velocity dislocation motion in crystals has been the subject of many two-dimensional (2D) studies by molecular dynamics,\cite{GUMB99,LI02,MORD03,VAND04,OLMS05,MARI06,MORD06,TSUZ08,JING08} or via direct measurements in a plasma crystal slab.\cite... |
3,212,635,540,177 | arxiv | \section{Challenges and opportunities in the millihertz band}\label{sec:introduction}
From the early post-Newtonian (PN) results \citep[see, e.g.][]{1985damour,1991damour,1998jaranowski,1999jaranowski}, formalisms such as the effective-one-body \citep[EOB; see, e.g.][]{1999buonanno,2001damoureob,2010barack,2012akcay,2... |
3,212,635,540,178 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Gradient boosting~\cite{friedman2001greedy} is a classic machine learning algorithm successfully used for web search, recommendation systems, weather forecasting, and other problems~\cite{roe2005boosted,caruana2006empirical,richardson2007predicting,wu2010adapting,burges2010ranknet,zhang2015gradi... |
3,212,635,540,179 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) are longstanding candidate sources for the highest-energy cosmic rays, the origin of which is still unknown.
The blazar subclass is comprised of BL\,Lac objects and the
more luminous Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs),
the relativistic jets of which are pointed... |
3,212,635,540,180 | arxiv |
\section*{Acknowledgment}
\section{Conclusion}
\label{conclusion}
In this paper, we have presented the design, implementation, and evaluation of PA-Cache, a novel popularity-aware edge content caching algorithm in edge networks. It makes adaptive caching decisions with the aim to maximize the cache hit rate in the ... |
3,212,635,540,181 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Field theories in $(2+1)$-dimensional space-time exhibit many interesting and
important properties related to the masses of the particle excitations of the
quantum fields. For example, gauge theories involving a Chern-Simons term
support massive gauge field excitations \cite{J1,sdrj}, which diffe... |
3,212,635,540,182 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Studies of the fundamental parameters of pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars are relevant since they provide tests of stellar evolution models (e.g. Baraffe et al. 1998; Chabrier et al. 2000). These models are widely used to derive theoretical masses of photometrically detected young low-mass object... |
3,212,635,540,183 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
\setcounter{footnote}{0}
In spite of the successes of the $\Lambda \rm CDM$ cosmological model \citep[i.e.][]{springel_05}, a major discrepancy remains between the predicted number density of
dark matter halos and the observed number density of galaxies
in the low-mass r... |
3,212,635,540,184 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}
\newtheorem{dfn}{Definition}[section]
\newtheorem{thm}[dfn]{Theorem}
\newtheorem{lmma}[dfn]{Lemma}
\newtheorem{ppsn}[dfn]{Proposition}
\newtheorem{crlre}[dfn]{Corollary}
\newtheorem{xmpl}[dfn]{Example}
\newtheorem{rmrk}[dfn]{Remark}
\newcomman... |
3,212,635,540,185 | arxiv | \section{The J{\'o}nsson distributivity spectrum} \labbel{sp}
Obviously, an algebra $\mathbf A$ is congruence distributive if and only if,
for every natural number $m \geq 2$,
the congruence identity
$
\alpha ( \beta \circ _m \gamma ) \subseteq \alpha \beta + \alpha \gamma
$
holds in $\mathbf {Con} (\math... |
3,212,635,540,186 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Background and Motivation}
Studies about cooperation of autonomous mobile robots have attracted a lot of attention recently in the field of Distributed Computing. The main goal of those works is to characterize the minimum capabilities of robots that permit to achieve a given task. S... |
3,212,635,540,187 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
While the research on adequate statistical models to predict the outcome of (men's) international soccer tournaments,
such as European championships (EUROs) or FIFA World Cups, has substantially advanced in recent years,
to the best of our knowledge there exists no significant scientific lite... |
3,212,635,540,188 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
A fraction of galaxy clusters exhibit diffuse Mpc-scale
synchrotron emission (referred to as radio halos and radio relics)
not related to any particular cluster galaxy \citep[for reviews see][]{2012A&ARv..20...54F, 2012SSRv..166..187B}.
This emission manifests itself by the pr... |
3,212,635,540,189 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The recent development of convolutional neural network (CNN) has made it a powerful tool for image classification tasks. For example, the natural image \cite{szegedy_going_2014} and character image \cite{ciresan_multi-column_2012} classification. This is because the structure o... |
3,212,635,540,190 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
Deep learning based video classification is extensively used in a growing variety of applications, such as facial recognition, activity recognition, gesture analysis, behavioral analysis, eye gaze estimation,
and emotion recognition in empathy-based AI systems \cite{ali2020spati... |
3,212,635,540,191 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Attracting the attention of potential customers in today's
information rich social media is a challenge. As a result marketers
have been forced to target customers in more sophisticated ways.
Location-based (regional) and hyper-location-based (within
eye-sight) targeting has turned out to be very... |
3,212,635,540,192 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{}
DANCE (Detector for Advanced Neutron Capture Experiments) is a 4$\pi$ detector array that
consists of up to 160 elements of barium fluoride crystals. It is designed to study
capture reactions on small quantities of radioactive isotopes, which are of interest
to studies in nuclear... |
3,212,635,540,193 | arxiv | \subsection{Introduction}
Fluctuation-dissipation theorem is one of the fundamental concepts of physics, and is of interest across all of physics. In terms of current fluctuations in isolated systems in the thermodynamic limit, it manifests as the standard isolated system Green-Kubo formula \cite{Kubo1,Kubo2,Green1... |
3,212,635,540,194 | arxiv | \section{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0}}
\def\alpha{\alpha}
\def\beta{\beta}
\def\c{\gamma}
\def\delta{\delta}
\def\e{\epsilon}
\def\f{\phi}
\def\vf{\varphi} \def\tvf{\tilde{\varphi}}
\def\gamma{\gamma}
\def\h{\eta}
\def\iota{\iota}
\def\psi{\psi}
\def\k... |
3,212,635,540,195 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The computing demands for modern experiments in high-energy particle and nuclear physics are increasingly challenging.
This holds in particular for experiments relying heavily on real-time data processing.
An example is the Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment (CBM)~\cite{cbm... |
3,212,635,540,196 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The recent report of superconductivity in thin films of
Nd$_{0.8}$Sr$_{0.2}$NiO$_2$ by Li \etal has rekindled interest in the
infinite-layer nickelates because the nominal valence of Ni$^{1+}$ in
these materials has the same $3d^9$ electronic configuration with $s =
\frac{1}{2}$ that is found in... |
3,212,635,540,197 | arxiv | \section{Introduction:}
\label{intro.sec}
The interest in precise measurements of the flux of neutrinos produced
in cosmic ray cascades in the atmosphere has been growing over the last years
due to the anomaly in the ratio of contained muon neutrino to electron neutrino
interactions.
The past observations of Kamiokan... |
3,212,635,540,198 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The asymptotic giant branch (AGB) is the final stage of the lives of low-
and intermediate-mass stars. Evolution during the AGB phase is
dominated by thermal pulses~\citep{1965ApJ...142..855S}. These cyclical events
consist of brief, intense helium-burning {\it pulses} interspersed with
quiesc... |
3,212,635,540,199 | arxiv | \section{Cosmological Parameters}
\subsection{Hubble Expansion Law }\label{subsec:hubble}
The cosmological stage is quite simple and is set by General Relativity
and the assumption (well confirmed by the data) of the homogeneous and
isotropic matter distribution on cosmological scales. The
Einstein equations for this... |
3,212,635,540,200 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It goes without saying that the recent observation of a Higgs boson with mass around 126\,GeV
at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)~\cite{lhc} and determination of the neutrino-mixing
parameter $\sin\theta_{13}$ at neutrino-oscillation experiments~\cite{An:2012eh} constitute
crucial guideposts... |
3,212,635,540,201 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Motivation}
The search for a universal form for the distribution of wealth dates back over a century to the pioneering work of Vilfredo Pareto, who first posited that wealth distribution tails are decaying power laws~\cite{Pareto2, Pareto}. While this problem may seem like a simple ... |
3,212,635,540,202 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The hadronic vacuum polarisation function governs the leading hadronic contributions of several electroweak parameters~\cite{Renner:2012fa}.
In particular, we can extract from it the hadronic leading-order anomalous magnetic moments of all three leptons present in the standard model of
particle ... |
3,212,635,540,203 | arxiv | \section{The Formalism}
\label{sec:model}
This 6-dimensional doubly warped model contains two extra spatial dimensions along with the usual 4 noncompact dimensions. The double warping is associated with the two extra spatial dimensions which are denoted by the angular coordinates ($y,\,z$). As similar to the 5-dimensio... |
3,212,635,540,204 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The $\gamma$-ray strength function, especially the $E1$-strength distribution, plays an important role as an ingredient in statistical-model calculations for nuclear astrophysics. This is the case for the synthesis of trans-iron elements during the so-called $p$ process \cite{Arnould03,Rauscher13... |
3,212,635,540,205 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Cosmic strings are linear topological defects which exist as solutions in a large
class of particle physics models beyond the Standard Model. Cosmic strings
have common features with line defects in crystals and with vortex lines in
superconductors and superfluids. Cosmic strings are lines of t... |
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