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3,212,635,540,306 | arxiv | \section{Preliminaries}
\label{sec:prelim}
\paragraph{General Notations}
In this work, we use bold fonts for vectors and matrices.
Given a vector $\mathbf{x} \in \mathbb{R}^d$, and a subset of indices $I \subseteq [d]$, we use $\mathbf{x}[I]$ to denote the sub-vector of $\mathbf{x}$ indexed by $I$.
We also write $\Di... |
3,212,635,540,307 | arxiv | \section*{Appendix #1. #2}
\renewcommand{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}}{#1.\arabic{equation}}
\renewcommand{\thesection}{#1} }
\newcommand{\appsektion}[1]{\setcounter{equation}{0}\setcounter{subsection}{0}
\section*{Appendix. #1}
\re... |
3,212,635,540,308 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Problem of interest}
Helmholtz-type equations are second-order partial differential equations
that model time-harmonic waves in materials with linear constitutive relations.
For the scalar case, the Helmholtz operator can be written as
\begin{equation}
-\Delta-\omega^2/c^2(x),
\label... |
3,212,635,540,309 | arxiv | \section{Introduction.}
\label{section:intro}
Since being introduced by W. Hoeffding \cite{hoeffding1948class}, U-statistics have become an active topic of research.
Many classical results in estimation and testing are related to U-statistics; detailed treatment of the subject can be found in excellent monographs \ci... |
3,212,635,540,310 | arxiv |
\subsection{Image Collection}
The 4,024 images in TextSeg{} are collected from posters, greeting cards, covers, logos, road signs, billboards, digital designs, handwriting, etc. The diverse image sources could be roughly divided into two text types: 1) scene text, \eg, road signs and billboard... |
3,212,635,540,311 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\input{Sections/intro}
\section{Data driven models for wind forecast}\label{section_problem_and_data_driven}
\input{Sections/models}
\section{Results}\label{section_main_results}
\input{Sections/results}
\section{Non-stationary effects and rolling window approach
}\label{section_rolling}
\i... |
3,212,635,540,312 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{S:1}
Hydrocarbon recovery from gas condensate reservoirs tends to undergo a sharp decline in the event of condensate banking \citep{Banbi2000,barnum1995gas}. As the near wellbore region is depleted below the gas dew point pressure, retrograde condensation occurs, leading to a subsurface li... |
3,212,635,540,313 | arxiv | \section{Preliminaries}
Recently, the important progress made in the study of evolution
equations had a master role in the developing of a vast
literature, concerning mostly the asymptotic properties of linear
operators semigroups, evolution operators or skew-product
semiflows.
In this paper, the study is led through... |
3,212,635,540,314 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
Modern scientific research is characterized by a collection of massive and diverse data sets. One of the most important goals is to integrate these different data sets for making better predictions and statistical inferences. Given a target problem to solve, transfer learning \ci... |
3,212,635,540,315 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The surface electronic structure of a metal plays a central role in the
surface chemistry that takes place upon it. That is, the surface electronic
structure of a metal is central to its chemical reactivity.
It has long been understood that in the transition metals in particular,
the $d$ electro... |
3,212,635,540,316 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\mathcal{G}=(\mathcal{V},\,\mathcal{E})$ be an unweighted connected graph with vertex set $\mathcal{V}$ of $V$ vertices and edge set $\mathcal{E}$ of $E$ edges. A matching of graph $\mathcal{G}$ is a subset $\mathcal{M}$ of $\mathcal{E}$, in which no two edges are incident to a common v... |
3,212,635,540,317 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
In Reinforcement Learning (RL)~\cite{sutton98,kaelbling1996reinforcement} one considers interactions between an intelligent agent and an environment.
These interactions consists of the agent choosing an action from a set of actions, which then triggers a transition in the environment's state.
F... |
3,212,635,540,318 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The standard model (SM) describes massless neutrinos as left-handed states. The observation of neutrino oscillations~\cite{Tanabashi:2018oca} has demonstrated, however, that neutrinos must have mass, requiring extensions of the SM, such as the neutrino minimal standard m... |
3,212,635,540,319 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Body of paper. Margins in this document are roughly 0.75 inches all
around, letter size paper. \citet{Galyardt14mmm}
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=3in]{fig1.pdf}
\end{center}
\caption{Consistency comparison in fitting surrogate model in the tidal
power ... |
3,212,635,540,320 | arxiv | \section{Motivation}
The appearance of several startling examples of superconductivity
in the past six year or so is prompting re-evaluation of our
thinking about the one pairing mechanism for which there is a
precise and controlled theoretical foundation, to wit, phonon-mediated
coupling. This strong-coupling Migdal-E... |
3,212,635,540,321 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Field theory applied to economic models is useful to overcome the pitfalls
of aggregation. This approach developed in Gosselin, Lotz and Wambst (2017,
2018) preserves the microeconomic concepts of standard economic models to
describe fully or partly rational agents, while enabling the stud... |
3,212,635,540,322 | arxiv | \subsubsection{Active Perception}
\label{sec:ActivePerception}
Another common use of the word active is in \textit{active perception}. Initially it was introduced because many computer vision problems become easier if more than one images is available or even a stream of video. An active motion of the camera can ma... |
3,212,635,540,323 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
In the study of elliptic partial differential equations, most of the analysis has been focused on second order problems, which effectively describe many natural phenomena. The available results on existence and qualitative properties in this setting have achieved a remar... |
3,212,635,540,324 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Part of Speech (POS) tagging is a process in which syntactic
categories are assigned to words. It can be seen as a mapping from
sentences to strings of tags.
Automatic tagging is useful for a number of applications: as a
preprocessing stage to parsing, in information retrieval, in text to
spee... |
3,212,635,540,325 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
A \emph{spectroscopic} measurement provides the most precise estimate of the redshift of a given source.
Even the most precise spectroscopic surveys, however, have a fraction of spectroscopic failures due to incorrectly identified spectral features \citep[see, e.g.,][]{20... |
3,212,635,540,326 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The phenomenology of heavy fermion (HF) behaviors in systems
containing nearly localized $f$-electron lanthanide and actinide
atoms is by now well-developed. These include $f$-electron
intermetallics with heavy Fermi liquid ground
states\cite{HFReviews} or non-Fermi liquid ground states
\cite{M... |
3,212,635,540,327 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The detection of the first gravitational wave (GW) signal in 2015 by LIGO observatories commenced a new era of astronomy. Since then, ground-based LIGO-VIRGO networks have observed about a hundred GW signals in the 10 Hz to 1 kHz frequency band \cite{Abbott_2020,Abbott_2021,ligo... |
3,212,635,540,328 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{A}{ppearance} modeling \cite{Cootes1998} for interpreting images is a well examined problem in the field of computer vision.
An appearance model is trained to extract invariant representations of an object of interest \cite{comaniciu2003kernel,grabner2006re... |
3,212,635,540,329 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Lattice QCD simulations initiated 30 years ago
stand finally at the point where one can obtain results of
physical observables at the physical
up, down and strange quark masses~\cite{PACSCS10}.
The next steps would be refinement of the results
reducing the systematic errors and challenge t... |
3,212,635,540,330 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The systematic investigation of particle production in heavy-ion collisions (HIC) over the past thirty years
has brought a number of surprising discoveries.
One of them is the simple behaviour of produced particle yields captured within the elementary statistical model \cite{Adamczyk:2017iwn,Br... |
3,212,635,540,331 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Primordial gravitational waves generated during inflation have traversed the universe throughout its expansion and evolution. As such, primordial gravitational waves carry information about the very early universe and its subsequent evolution that are otherwise difficult or even impossible to be ... |
3,212,635,540,332 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Galilean symmetry is the cornerstone of classical physics and today, even with the advent of discovery of others, more general symmetries, it is relevant in the research of various low-speed phenomena mainly associated with fluid theory.
Takahashi \emph{et. al.} introduced in 1988 the Galilean ... |
3,212,635,540,333 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Resonance search is one of the most simple and direct ways
to establish the presence of new particles at a collider.
With high centre-of-mass energies available at hadronic
colliders such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), it serves
as a perfect playground for resonance searches of massive
parti... |
3,212,635,540,334 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements}
It is a great pleasure to thank the Universit\`a degli Studi di Bari
for its very warm hospitality and
the Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica for the strong financial and administrative
support which made this minicourse possible. And of course special thanks go to
all the participants, f... |
3,212,635,540,335 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Goos-H\"anchen (GH) shift, first discovered experimentally in 1947, refers to the longitudinal displacement of a beam from its expected geometric position under total internal reflection \cite{Goos}. Artmann \cite{Artmann} was the first to provide a theoretical explanation of the effect usi... |
3,212,635,540,336 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The importance of symmetry is undeniable in all areas of Mathematics. Symmetries are useful tools to reduce the complexity of systems and to find unexpected correlations between the studied objects.
However, in many situations, one is only interested in a small portion of a larger object of whic... |
3,212,635,540,337 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{section:introduction}}
Blazars, radio loud active galactic nuclei (AGN) with their relativistic jets pointed at small angles to the line of sight \citep{blandford78}, exhibit powerful flares of gamma-ray emission \citep[e.g.][]{abdo10}. In the context of leptonic models, the gamma-r... |
3,212,635,540,338 | arxiv | \section{Mathematical DNA}
\label{sec1}
For reasons that have always been mysterious to the first
author, he has often found himself thinking about the
Dirichlet problem in the plane and has fought urges to
look for explicit formulas for the Poisson kernels
associated to various kinds of multiply connected domains,
es... |
3,212,635,540,339 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Heavy fermion materials pose one of the greatest challenges in condensed
matter physics. Their low--temperature linear specific heat coefficient can
be up to 1000 times larger than the value expected from the free--electron
theory; their magnetic moments can be screened by the Kondo effect and t... |
3,212,635,540,340 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
Measuring complexity in a simple and unified way has been a major and long
quest in both quantum and classical dynamics.
While there exists a direct connection between chaos and
algorithmic complexity of trajectories
in classical physics~\cite{ford},
the problem is particularly... |
3,212,635,540,341 | arxiv | \section{Values at the edge of the critical strip}
\noindent It was already observed by Gauss and Dirichlet that certain special values of $L$-functions encode interesting arithmetic information.
Recall that a \emph{discriminant} is an integer $d \equiv 0, 1 \pmod 4$, and $d$ is called a \emph{fundamental discrim... |
3,212,635,540,342 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Clusters of galaxies represent a composite of baryonic and dark
matter (DM). The gas is commonly described by its thermodynamic
variables, such as density, temperature, pressure and also
entropy. The entropy provides a unique gauge for monitoring the
thermal history of the gas. In the standard mo... |
3,212,635,540,343 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Trapped atoms in optical lattices offer a fantastic new system for applications in
quantum optics, quantum information processing, and as
a model system for solid state physics.
The depth and the shape of the lattice potential,
which is proportional to the square of the laser field,
can ... |
3,212,635,540,344 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main result}
Let $(\O, \mathcal{A}, \P)$ be a probability space with filtration $(\F_t)_{t\geq 0}$.
Let $(S(t))_{t\geq 0}$ be a strongly continuous semigroup on a Banach space $X$. We will be interested in obtaining conditions for path-continuity of the stochastic convolution
\[S\diamond G(... |
3,212,635,540,345 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
End-to-end (E2E) systems have become dominant in automatic speech recognition (ASR) because of their simplicity and better performance.
In addition to new advancements in model architectures \cite{Han2020-CIC,Gulati2020-CCA,Weninger2021-DEA},
one of the major efforts is to make E2E ASR systems s... |
3,212,635,540,346 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The game of Babylon begins with $n$ chips of various colors, spread out
as ``stacks'' of height 1. Players Alice and Bob alternate combining
two stacks which have the same number of chips or the same color
on top (or both). The last player to make a legal move wins.
The game was introduced in... |
3,212,635,540,347 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It has been proposed that the Chern-Simons theory of a gauge group $U(N)$ in the large $N$ limit is dual to A-model topological string theory \cite{gopakumar1999gauge}. \cite{ooguri2000knot} provided a brane configuration of the knot of Chern-Simons theory. \cite{witten1989quantum} discovered a ... |
3,212,635,540,348 | arxiv | \subsubsection*{References}}
\newcommand{\ff}[1]{\textsc{#1}}
\renewcommand{\tt}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
\newcommand{\leftarrow}{\leftarrow}
\newcommand{\rightarrow}{\rightarrow}
\newcommand{q_{d\ra b}}{q_{d\rightarrow b}}
\renewcommand{\th}{\theta}
\newcommand{\,|\,}{\,|\,}
\newcommand{\textsf{T}}{\textsf{T}}
\let\original... |
3,212,635,540,349 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we study the deconvolution problem of random data on a sphere corrupted by independent additive noise. The observations are
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:model}
Y_{i}=X_{i}+\varepsilon_{i}, \;i=1,\ldots,n
\end{equation}
where $(X_i)_{i\geq 1}$ (the signal) is a sequence of independ... |
3,212,635,540,350 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:1}
Since general relativity (GR) is superbly consistent with all
precision experimental tests ---~as we will see below several
examples, one may naturally ask the question: Why should we
consider alternative theories of gravity? The reason is actually
threefold. First, it is quite inst... |
3,212,635,540,351 | arxiv | \section{When $B$ is column monotone}
In Section~\ref{monotone-main}, we consider the restricted case that the rows of $B$ are monotone. Now we explain how to calculate the min-plus product with the same asymptotic time complexity when $B$ is column-monotone, via minor adjustments of the recursive algorithm.
We want... |
3,212,635,540,352 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Introduction}
The current energy frontier for high-energy gamma-ray astronomy is around 50~TeV and increased detection area is vital to future high-energy gamma-ray instruments. Along with ground-based extensive air shower arrays (e.g., HAWC or LHAASO), large arrays of imaging atmospheric C... |
3,212,635,540,353 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Mammalian brains contain billions to trillions of interconnections (i.e., synapses). To date, the full reconstruction of the neuronal connections of an organism, a ``connectome," has only been completed for nematodes with hundreds of neurons and thousands of synapses \cite{Wh... |
3,212,635,540,354 | arxiv | \section{The ATLAS experiment and data sample}
To record and analyse the LHC $pp$ collisions, the ATLAS experiment uses a multipurpose particle
detector with a forward--backward symmetric cylindrical geometry and a near
$4\pi$ coverage in solid angle~\cite{PERF-2007-01,ATLAS-TDR-2010-19,PIX-2018-001}.
It consists of ... |
3,212,635,540,355 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are extra-nuclear sources with luminosities
in the range of $ 10^{39}-10^{41}$ erg/sec in other galaxies, and have been
observed by the Einstein Observatory (e.g., Fabbiano et al. 1989), ROSAT (e.g.,
Colbert \& Mushotzky 1999), ASCA (e.g., Makishima et al. 2... |
3,212,635,540,356 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The generalized squared radial Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, also known as the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross process, is the strong solution of the stochastic differential equation
\begin{equation}
\mathrm{d}X_t = (a+bX_t) \mathrm{d}t + 2 \sqrt{X_t}\, \mathrm{d}B_t
\end{equation}
where the initial state $X_... |
3,212,635,540,357 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Motivation}
Nowadays, we are witnessing revolutionary changes in UAV technology resulting in redesigning the business models and creating a new operating environment in a variety of industries, from entertainment and meditation \cite{la2019drones} to assistance in territory monitorin... |
3,212,635,540,358 | arxiv | \section{Acknowledgement}
S.H. and M.R. acknowledge support from DOE under Grant No. DE-FG02-05ER46240. M.R. would like to thank the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for support. T. W., G. S., and J.B. acknowledge support from DFG via RTG 2247 as well as the European Graphene Flagship. Numerical computations were ... |
3,212,635,540,359 | arxiv | \section{Combinatorics}\label{L0}
Dynkin combinatorics, finite and affine, are well known. It turns out that the combinatorics of flops does not quite fit into this classical picture: to describe the birational geometry needs new structures and phenomena.
\subsection{Single Vertex Example}\label{S1.1} This section ... |
3,212,635,540,360 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Motivation and objectives.}
Component-based software development is often explained through a
visual metaphor: a palette of computational units, and a blank canvas
in which they are dropped and interconnected by drawing wires
abstracting different composition and synchronisation mec... |
3,212,635,540,361 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Given a graph $G=(V,E)$, the \emph{node separator problem} asks to find three disjoint subsets $V_1, V_2$ and $S$ of the node set, such that there are no edges between $V_1$ and $V_2$ and $V=V_1\cup V_2 \cup S$.
The objective is to minimize the size of the separator $S$ or depending on the appl... |
3,212,635,540,362 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Measurements have shown the
existence of bright rings around sunspots (Bonnet et al.~1978; Rast et al.~1999, 2001).
The rings appear one spot
radius beyond the spots and are reported to be about 10\,K warmer than
the photosphere. There is a clear trend that
larger spots have brighter rings. We... |
3,212,635,540,363 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{The Willmore Energy}
We consider an immersion ${\Phi}$ from a closed Riemann surface $\Sigma$ into $\mathbb{R}^3$. We denote by $g:= {\Phi}^*\xi$ the induced metric on $\Sigma$, with $\xi$ the standard Euclidean metric on $\mathbb{R}^3$, and $d \mathrm{vol}_g$ the volume form asso... |
3,212,635,540,364 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Aging is a complex and incompletely understood process characterized by
deteriorating cellular, organ, and system function. Replicative senescence,
the phenomenon whereby normal somatic cells show a finite proliferative
capacity, is thought to be a major contributor to this decline
\cite{genera... |
3,212,635,540,365 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the fundamental concepts in graph theory is that of a shortest path between two vertices, called also a {\em geodesic}. A geodesic is \textit{maximal} if it is not a subpath of another geodesic.
A set $S$ of vertices of $G$ is a \textit{geodesic transversal} of $G$ if every maximal geodesi... |
3,212,635,540,366 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main results} \label{S:intro}
In this note we present an explicit construction of a relative
packing. The subject of symplectic packing was introduced first in
the seminal work of Gromov \cite{Gr}. Gromov showed that looking
at symplectic embeddings of a standard ball into a symplectic
manifo... |
3,212,635,540,367 | arxiv | \section*{1. Introduction}
Additivity of quantities such as entropy and energy, is an essential
premise of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics of systems with short
range interactions \cite{Callen1985}. Arguments about positivity of specific
heat or concavity of the entropy-energy curve are based on this additi... |
3,212,635,540,368 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Fluid dynamics is an effective theory describing the long-wavelength
limit of the microscopic dynamics of a system. While nonrelativistic
fluid dynamics finds applications in various aspects of physics and
engineering, the domain of applicability of relativistic fluid
dynamics is in the fie... |
3,212,635,540,369 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec: Introduction}
\baselineskip=20pt
In this letter we present a controlled derivation of dynamical transport
equations for a simple complex scalar theory
\be{Lagrange}
{\cal L} =
\NBR{\partial_\mu \phi}^{\dagger} \NBR{\partial^\mu \phi}
- m^2 (\vec{x}, t) \phi^\dagger... |
3,212,635,540,370 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
It is an interesting question to study ``randomness'' of a given deterministic sequence. For a typical sequence coming from a chaotic dynamical system, such as doubling modulo one, one expects strong statistical properties, while for a circle rotation such properties cannot be expected. Of par... |
3,212,635,540,371 | arxiv |
\section{Analysis} \label{sec:analysis}
When an LT code has been partially decoded, i.e. $k'$, $0<k'<k$, input symbols have been recovered, there is a probability that the reduced degree of a new incoming symbol is zero. If this happens, the symbol is redundant and therefore discarded. Naturally this probability is of... |
3,212,635,540,372 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The spin-$n/2$ zero rest-mass fields were studied since 1960's in the works of Sachs \cite{Sa61} and Penrose \cite{Pe1964,Pe1965}. The authors discovered the ''peeling-off'' properties of the fields along the outgoing null geodesic lines in the Minkowski spacetime. Then, the ''peeling-off'' prope... |
3,212,635,540,373 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\nocite{pasha2020distributed}
The increasing prevalence of smart devices offers tremendous opportunities to improve user experience by leveraging spatial diversity and distributed computational and memory capability. On the other hand, local multi-device networks introduce new algorithmic and us... |
3,212,635,540,374 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
As state-of-the-art vision-processing deep networks start being deployed as components of real-life autonomous or semi-autonomous systems, the question arises of how such systems can communicate about the surrounding visual world, as seen through the lenses of their resp... |
3,212,635,540,375 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
The problem of source identification in separate observations is as old as astronomy itself.
When ancient astronomers observed and re-observed a celestial object, they performed a kind of \emph{cross-matching} between previous and new observations by pointing their telescope in... |
3,212,635,540,376 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Rubidium isotopes $^{85}$Rb and $^{87}$Rb are products of the neutron
capture slow (s-) and rapid (r-) processes. ($^{87}$Rb is unstable
with the long halflife of 4.75 $\times$ 10$^{10}$ years.) The s-process
contributions come from two types of stars: the so-called main s-process
operates i... |
3,212,635,540,377 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
Predicting the large deformation of slender structures, such as pillars, beams, and arches, is one of the central issues in material science~\citep{Gordon2003}.
By forecasting structural instability and optimising their design to prevent rupture, {slender parts can be assembled in... |
3,212,635,540,378 | arxiv | \section{The model}
We consider bonds placed on a regular square (sq) or central hexagonal (ch) lattice. Thereby, we assume that the lateral size of the membrane adhesion domain is significantly larger than the size of a lattice unit cell. We model the total free energy of a domain (containing $N$ bonds) and investigat... |
3,212,635,540,379 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Sitnikov problem (SP) \citep{Sit} is one of the simplest dynamical systems in celestial mechanics that provides all kinds of chaotic behavior. The configuration of the system is defined by: two point-like bodies of equal masses (called primaries) orbiting around their common centre of mass d... |
3,212,635,540,380 | arxiv | \section*{Results}
{\bf Crawling dynamics in quasi-2D.} To begin, we consider a quasi-2D geometry describing a thin slice through a crawling droplet (Fig.~1a).
At the wall we assume parallel anchoring of actin polarization (represented by black arrows in the figure), and also a no-slip boundary condition on fluid flow... |
3,212,635,540,381 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Blockchain is a technology that leverages the subtle interaction of multiple data structures and incentive mechanisms. In isolation, the various components that comprise the blockchain are well known and in some cases have existed for years \cite{xiao2020survey}. The novelty of blockchain stem... |
3,212,635,540,382 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Stability analysis of Shakura-Sunyaev $\alpha$ disk (Shakura \&
Sunyaev~1973) was performed by many authors (Lightman \& Eardley 1974;
Lightman 1974; Shakura \& Sunyaev 1976; Piran 1978) and yield the well
known conclusions: the disk is stable for gas pressure dominated (GPD)
region and becomes ... |
3,212,635,540,383 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}}
Mobile devices such as smartphones currently gain enormous popularity and become an indispensable part of our life. For example, recent statistics reflect that daily usage time of smartphones is 4 hours on average, a 35\% increase in time spent from 2014 \cite{Yahoo} and... |
3,212,635,540,384 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A hierarchical time-series is a collection of time-varying observations organized in a hierarchical structure. The problem of forecasting hierarchical time-series often appears in business and economics, where time-varying quantities need to be predicted at different granularity levels.
For ins... |
3,212,635,540,385 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Study of the spin degree of freedom is an important problem not only for fundamental physics, but for practical applications also, in view of the last advances of nanotechnologies and promising perspectives of the new branch of electronics called spintronics. Of the special interest is spin be... |
3,212,635,540,386 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
White dwarf stars are the remnant products of 97\% of Galactic stellar evolution. About 80\% of white dwarfs spectroscopically display atmospheres dominated by hydrogen \citep[DA;][]{Tremblay2008}.
Convective driving \citep{Brickhill1991,Goldreich1999} of nonradial gravity-mode pulsations \citep... |
3,212,635,540,387 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well-known that nonlinear electrical response~\cite{Belinicher1980,vonBaltz1981,Boyd2003,Kraut1979,vonBaltz1981,Sipe2000} allows to probe properties of quantum materials
which are fundamentally inaccessible in the linear regime \cite{Bhalla2020,Ahn2020,Holder2020,Kaplan2020,Watanbe2020,Ahn... |
3,212,635,540,388 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we propose computationally simple, data-driven procedures for choosing tuning parameters when estimating and constructing uniform confidence bands (UCBs) for a nonparametric structural function $h_0$ satisfying
\begin{equation}\label{eq:npiv}
Y = h_0(X) + u , \quad \quad \mathb... |
3,212,635,540,389 | arxiv | \section{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0}}
\numberwithin{equation}{section}
\numberwithin{figure}{section}
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.00}
\parskip = 0.25in
\begin{document}
\title[Boundary regularity for second BVP of Monge-Amp\`ere equations]
{Boundary regularity for the second boundary-value problem of Mon... |
3,212,635,540,390 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Fracton phases have recently attracted much attention in various contexts.
While previous attention was mainly from viewpoints of quantum information and condensed matter physics\footnote{
See \cite{Nandkishore:2018sel,Pretko:2020cko} for reviews.
},
there have recently appeared many works relate... |
3,212,635,540,391 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomial $P_M(t)\in\mathbb{Z}[t]$ of a matroid $M$ was introduced in \cite{EPW}.
In the case where $M$ is realizable by a linear space $V\subset\mathbb{C}^n$, the coefficient of $t^i$ in $P_M(t)$
is equal to the dimension of the intersection cohomology group $I\! H^{2i}(X_V;... |
3,212,635,540,392 | arxiv | \section{Visualization of Generated Paragraphs}
In this section, we first present sample paragraphs generated using images from the Stanford Image-Paragraph dataset~\cite{krause2017hierarchical}. To this end, we first randomly sample 7 example images from the test set of the Stanford Image-Paragraph dataset~\cite{krau... |
3,212,635,540,393 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction}
Autonomous vehicles, or self-driving cars as they are popularly called, are complex engineering systems that are required to operate safely and efficiently in a rather broad operational design domain (ODD). It is a common practice, therefore, to divide the task of autonomo... |
3,212,635,540,394 | arxiv |
\section{Nomenclature}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Nomenclature}
\begin{IEEEdescription}[\IEEEusemathlabelsep\IEEEsetlabelwidth{$V_1,V_2$}]
\item [A. Sets]
\item[${\Bb}$] Set of buses.
\item[$\mathcal{{G}}$] Set of generators.
\item[$\mathcal{{G}}^b$] Set of generators at bus $b$.
\item [$\mathcal{L}$] Set of tra... |
3,212,635,540,395 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
{Sensor} arrays are a key technology with several applications in radar, sonar, microwave imaging, medical ultrasound, and wireless communications, to list a few \cite{vantrees2002optimum}. The many advantages of arrays include high {signal-to-noise ratio} (SNR) {gain}, {... |
3,212,635,540,396 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
X-ray observations have unveiled the existence
of peculiar classes of Isolated Neutron Stars (INSs) which stand apart
from the family of more classical radio pulsars in being radio-silent
and not powered by the neutron star rotation but by still poorly
understood emission mechanisms. S... |
3,212,635,540,397 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Reconstruction problems, at a very high level, ask the following general question: is it possible to uniquely reconstruct a discrete structure from the ``deck'' of all its substructures of some fixed size? The study of such problems dates back to the graph reconstruction conjectures of Kelly and... |
3,212,635,540,398 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
It was quite surprising when the binary millisecond pulsar (MSP) J1023+0038
(hereafter J1023) was discovered in an untargeted radio pulsar survey
\citep{arc+09}, because although the source was previously
known to have radio emission \citep{bon+02}, it was suggested to be a
cataclysmic v... |
3,212,635,540,399 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
XMM, carries 3 co-aligned X-ray telescopes with (to date) an
unsurpassed X-ray photon collecting potential. At the focus of two of
these telescopes is an RGS dispersive spectrometer and an EPIC-mos
capable of both non-dispersive spectroscopy and imaging. At the focus
of the third X-ray telescope... |
3,212,635,540,400 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
While the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics agrees very well with data from high energy collider experiments, it still falls short on explaining several observed features of Nature. For example, SM does not
provide sufficient amount of CP-violation to source the Baryon Asymmetry of the Univ... |
3,212,635,540,401 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The theory of frames in Hilbert spaces presents a central tool in
many areas and has developed rather rapidly in the past decade. The
motivation has come from applications to engineering, i.e. signal
analysis, as well as from applications to different areas of
Mathematics, such as, sampling th... |
3,212,635,540,402 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition (HMER) has multiple application scenarios, such as intelligent education, human-computer interaction and academic paper writing auxiliary tools. Traditional methods generating LaTeX sequences from input images always depend on specially designed gr... |
3,212,635,540,403 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Dynamical chiral symmetry breaking is certainly one of the most interesting
phenomena of QCD. It is entirely a strong coupling effect in the sense that
dynamical quark masses cannot be generated at any order in perturbation theory.
Thus nonperturbative methods like lattice Mont... |
3,212,635,540,404 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Weighted ensemble is a Monte Carlo
method
based on stratification and resampling,
originally designed to solve
problems in computational
chemistry~\cite{bhatt2010steady,
chong2017path,jeremy,costaouec2013analysis,darve2013computing,
donovan2013efficient,huber1996weighted,
rojnuckarin1998brow... |
3,212,635,540,405 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently, higher dimensional solutions of the Einstein equations became important because of a great interest in string theories and induced effective theories in 4+d dimensions (see e.g. \cite{M} and references therein). In the brane-world gravity matter fields are usually confined to a 4-... |
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